http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qc8hUUY_exQVirus explores cell interactive

http://www.disclose.tv/action/viewvideo/32619/Harvard___A_Journey_Through_Your_Body/Cool cell animation

Cell membrane

Cell wall

cytoplasm

ribosomes

nucleusGolgi apparatus

mitochondrion

ER

chloroplastcentriolelysosome

prokaryote

animal plant

RELATIVE SIZES OF THINGS

CHARACTERISTICS OF PROKARYOTIC CELLS

AUTOTROPHS•

HETEROTROPHS

EVOLUTION OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS EVOLUTION OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS FROM PROKARYOTIC CELLSFROM PROKARYOTIC CELLS

NUCLEUS

Alzheimer's and the ER• ER recognizes and targets

excess proteins for degradation.

• If overloaded, a stress response is switched on.

• Prolonged stress leads to cell death and neuronal loss in Alzheimer's (who have excess protein in brain)

GOLGI APPARATUS

• functional and structural impairments have been found in Alzheimer’s patients

THE MAKING, MODIFYING, AND TRANSPORT OF PROTEINS

LYSOSOMES AT WORK

• Tay Sachs disease has dysfunctional lysosomes• leads to paralysis, dementia, blindness, and death•Common in Quebeckers, Jews

MITOCHONDRION

• Kearns-Sayre syndrome: A neuromuscular disease caused by defects of the DNA in the mitochondria

• Leads to: • 1. Heart disease • 2. Degeneration of the

retina• 3. Progressive paralysis

of certain eye muscles

Mitochondria and Aging

CENTROSOME WITH CENTRIOLES

MICROVILLI

flagelli

cillia

CHLOROPLAST

JUNCTIONS BETWEEN CELLS

Tight junction Gap junction

•Defects in cell junctions can result in heart diseases such as cardiomyopathy leading to an irregular heart beat and, eventually, muscle failure. •It has also been linked to Autism and Hailey-Hailey Disease.