viruses

7/21/2019 Viruses

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/viruses-56d98fa5d27b7 1/39

Viruses & BacteriaViruses & Bacteria

Chapter 17Chapter 17

Biology 11Biology 11Presentation put together by MandiePresentation put together by Mandie

Lynn WallsLynn Walls

7/21/2019 Viruses


7/21/2019 Viruses


T4 BacteriophageT4 Bacteriophage

7/21/2019 Viruses


Herpes VirusHerpes Virus

7/21/2019 Viruses


Escherichia ColiEscherichia Coli

BacteriumBacterium

E. coli is a bacterium. That is a crude cell, it is not aE. coli is a bacterium. That is a crude cell, it is not a

irus because iruses are protein containers !ith "#$irus because iruses are protein containers !ith "#$

cores or %#$ cores.cores or %#$ cores.

7/21/2019 Viruses


E. Coli and theE. Coli and the

BacteriophageBacteriophage

What it looks like inWhat it looks like in

real lifereal life

7/21/2019 Viruses


7/21/2019 Viruses


Cycle of Lytic and LysogenicCycle of Lytic and Lysogenic

7/21/2019 Viruses


&accines&accines

►&iruses gro!n on chic(en embryos are&iruses gro!n on chic(en embryos are

attenuated accinesattenuated accines

►

$nother type o' accine is made by$nother type o' accine is made by

heat (illing the irusheat (illing the irus

7/21/2019 Viruses


Retrovirus

Change !A

into R!A. "#ample of a

Retrovirus is

$%V

7/21/2019 Viruses


$ typical, )minimal)retroirus consists o'*+an outer enelope !hich!as deried 'rom theplasma membrane o' itshost+many copies o' an

enelope proteinembedded in the lipidbilayer o' its enelope+a capsid a protein shell

containing+t!o molecules o' %#$and+molecules o' theen-yme reerse

transcriptase

7/21/2019 Viruses


Bacteria Cell

7/21/2019 Viruses


Prokaryotes

Cells that do not have anucleus

Exist almost every where onearth

Grow in numbers so great youcan see them with the unaidedeye

Are placed in either theEubacteria or the

Archebacteria Kingdoms Make up the smaller o the two

kingdoms

7/21/2019 Viruses


7/21/2019 Viruses


"u&acteria"u&acteria

Make up the larger oMake up the larger o

the two prokaryotethe two prokaryote

kingdomskingdoms

Generally areGenerally aresurrounded by a cellsurrounded by a cell

wall composed owall composed o

complexcomplex

carbohydratescarbohydrates

7/21/2019 Viruses


Cyano&acteriaCyano&acteria PhotosyntheticPhotosynthetic

bacteriumbacterium Bluishgreenish colorBluishgreenish color Contain membranesContain membranes

that carry out thethat carry out theprocess o'process o'

photosynthesisphotosynthesis "o not contain the"o not contain the

same type o'same type o'chloroplasts aschloroplasts asplants doplants do

This bluishgreenish This bluishgreenishalgae can be 'oundalgae can be 'ound

nearly eery!herenearly eery!hereon earth.on earth.

Can surie inCan surie ine/tremely hote/tremely hotenironments andenironments andeen e/tremely coldeen e/tremely coldenironmentenironment

7/21/2019 Viruses


ArchaebacteriaArchaebacteria

!ack important!ack importantcarbohydrate oundcarbohydrate oundin cell wallsin cell walls

"ave dierent lipids"ave dierent lipidsin their cellin their cell

membranemembrane

#ierent types o#ierent types oribosomesribosomes

$ery dierent gene$ery dierent genese%uencesse%uences

Archaebacteria can Archaebacteria canlive in extremelylive in extremelyharsh environmentsharsh environments

&hey do not re%uire&hey do not re%uireoxygen and can liveoxygen and can livein extremely saltyin extremely saltyenvironments as wellenvironments as wellas extremely hotas extremely hot

environments'environments'

7/21/2019 Viruses


%dentifying 'ro(aryotes%dentifying 'ro(aryotes

Cell (hapeCell (hape

Cell )allCell )all

MovementMovement

http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/PDB/Images/Prokaryotes/Prokaryote/Prokaryote7.jpg

7/21/2019 Viruses


*acterium (hapes

Cocci+ (phere shaped

bacteria

*acillus+ ,od shaped bacteria (pirrillium + (piral shaped

bacteria

-lagella+ !eg.like structuresthat help to propel the

bacterium'

7/21/2019 Viruses


)ram * and )ram + ,acterium)ram * and )ram + ,acterium

Cell WallsCell Walls

7/21/2019 Viruses


Cellular WallsCellular Walls

Chemical nature o' a cell !all can beChemical nature o' a cell !all can bedetermined by 0ram tainingdetermined by 0ram taining

By 2nding out !hat color the cell producesBy 2nding out !hat color the cell produces!hen it is gram stained you can 2gure out!hen it is gram stained you can 2gure out

the type o' carbohydrates in the cell !allthe type o' carbohydrates in the cell !all

7/21/2019 Viruses


ovement

Flagella ~ Tail like structure the

whips around to propel the

bacterium Cillia ~ Miniature flagella surround

the cell that help to “swim”

Non motile ~ Stick cillia likestructures that keep the bacterium

from mo!ing

7/21/2019 Viruses


lagellalagella

7/21/2019 Viruses


http://www.md.huji.ac.il/gabi/gifs/img0102.gif

7/21/2019 Viruses


"acteria and their

acteria and their

energ

nerg

Autotrophs Autotrophs

ChemotrophsChemotrophs

"eterotrophs"eterotrophs

http://www.bnl.gov/bnlweb/pubaf/pr/photos/2001/lin-bacteria-w.jpg

7/21/2019 Viruses


$utotrophs$utotrophs

Ma(e their o!nMa(e their o!n

energyenergy

3sing olar energy3sing olar energy

Eg. CyanobacteriaEg. Cyanobacteria

http://cgee.hamline.edu/see/questions/dp_biosphere/bios_place/cyanobacteria.gif

7/21/2019 Viruses


ChemotrophsChemotrophs

Make own EnergyMake own Energy

Using ChemicalUsing Chemical

energyenergy

Eg. ArchaebacteriaEg. Archaebacteria

http://tidepool.st.usm.edu/pix/archaebacteria.gif

7/21/2019 Viruses


"eterotrophs"eterotrophs

4btain 'ood4btain 'ood

By eatingBy eating

Eg. EcoliEg. Ecoli

http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/6243/x_e.coli.gif

7/21/2019 Viruses


Bacteria %espirationBacteria %espiration

4bligate $naerobes4bligate $naerobes

5acultatie5acultatie

$naerobes$naerobes

4bligate $erobes4bligate $erobes

Lie !ithoutLie !ithout

4/ygen4/ygen

Can lie !ith orCan lie !ith or!ithout o/ygen!ithout o/ygen

Cannot lie !ithoutCannot lie !ithout

o/ygen.o/ygen.

7/21/2019 Viruses


Bacteria ReproductionBacteria Reproduction

Binary FissionBinary Fission

ConjugationConjugation

Sore FormationSore Formation

7/21/2019 Viruses


Cellular organism copies it/s genetic inormation then splits into

two identical daughter cells

7/21/2019 Viruses


Con0ugation

A type o *acteria (ex

&wo organism swap

genetic inormation1that contains the

inormation such as a

resistance to penicillin

7/21/2019 Viruses


Spore Formation: EndosporeSpore Formation: Endospore A type of dormant cellA type of dormant cell "#hi&it no signs of life"#hi&it no signs of life $ighly resistant to$ighly resistant to

environmental stresses suchenvironmental stresses suchas/as/

-$igh temperatures-$igh temperatures-%rradiation-%rradiation-Strong acids-Strong acids-isinfectants-isinfectants

"ndospores are formed &y"ndospores are formed &y

vegetative cells in response tovegetative cells in response toenvironmental signals thatenvironmental signals thatindicate a limiting factor forindicate a limiting factor forvegetative gro0th1 such asvegetative gro0th1 such ase#haustion of an essentiale#haustion of an essentialnutrient.nutrient.

7/21/2019 Viruses


ymbiosisymbiosis

Close relationshipClose relationship

bet!een to speciesbet!een to species

in !hich at leastin !hich at leastone speciesone species

bene2ts 'rom thebene2ts 'rom the

otherother

Lie together 'orLie together 'orL65EL65E

7/21/2019 Viruses


7/21/2019 Viruses


Mutualism

(ymbiosis in which twoo the species livetogether in such a waythat both beneit rom

the relationship Eg' E.coli

7/21/2019 Viruses


2itrogen -ixations2itrogen -ixations

Process by which nitrogen in theProcess by which nitrogen in the

atmosphere is converted into a orm thatatmosphere is converted into a orm that

can be used by living thingscan be used by living things

7/21/2019 Viruses


&"E E2#

7/21/2019 Viruses


&his powerpoint was kindly donated to

www'worldoteaching'com

http344www'worldoteaching'com is home to over a

thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers' &his is a

completely ree site and re%uires no registration' Please

visit and 5 hope it will help in your teaching'

http://www.worldofteaching.com/




viruses

Documents