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Page 1: Vision and Hearing assessments are required for children ...cdd.unm.edu/ecln/FIT/pdfs/FIT2017/assessment-ppt-notesx.pdfIt is required that you screen a child’s vision as part of

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Page 2: Vision and Hearing assessments are required for children ...cdd.unm.edu/ecln/FIT/pdfs/FIT2017/assessment-ppt-notesx.pdfIt is required that you screen a child’s vision as part of

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Page 3: Vision and Hearing assessments are required for children ...cdd.unm.edu/ecln/FIT/pdfs/FIT2017/assessment-ppt-notesx.pdfIt is required that you screen a child’s vision as part of

Vision and Hearing assessments are required for children who are being evaluated for Part C services. This includes both the initial CME and annual assessments per federal IDEA requirements. Issues with vision and hearing can affect a child’s overall development.

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Page 4: Vision and Hearing assessments are required for children ...cdd.unm.edu/ecln/FIT/pdfs/FIT2017/assessment-ppt-notesx.pdfIt is required that you screen a child’s vision as part of

NMSBVI collaborated with the New Mexico Family Infant Toddler Program to design a consistent method of screening vision for children in New Mexico. The screening tool is completed by the early intervention evaluation team as part of the child’s overall evaluation. The vision screening tool is part of the child’s file documentation at the early intervention agency. Copies of the vision screening tool can be found on the NMSBVI website under the VI Resources tab.

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Page 5: Vision and Hearing assessments are required for children ...cdd.unm.edu/ecln/FIT/pdfs/FIT2017/assessment-ppt-notesx.pdfIt is required that you screen a child’s vision as part of

Please reference the first page of your copy of the New Mexico Vision Screening Tool. You will note that the first page contains your name as the person doing the vision screening of the child and there is also a space to note any parent concerns about the child’s vision. Medical history is an important consideration for vision concerns. Medical issues such as prematurity, meningitis, genetic syndromes, hypoxia, non‐accidental trauma, herpes, CMV, or alcohol/drugs can impact the child’s vision and should be considered as “red flags” to investigate further.  Going back to our first slide of normal vision; appearance of the eyes should also be considered. Does the child have an eye turned in or out? Are the eyes moving in a normal pattern or do you observe a jerky movement of the eyes? Does the child tilt his head in an unusual position to left or right? Do you observe good eye contact or does the child seem visually uninterested and stare at lights, windows or ceiling fans instead of people?

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It is required that you screen a child’s vision as part of the developmental assessment because a vision loss can impact how a child performs on a developmental assessment. For example, the first 4 months of the IDA assessment items for fine motor, cognitive, and social items are heavily focused on visual items and the child with vision issues may not be able to do these tasks. Examples from the IDA are: looking at an object and following it visually, look at an adult and following the person with their eyes, holding a rattle and looking at it, showing an interest by reaching, and social smile. The vision screening is not a parent checklist to be completed by the parent. The evaluation team should ask for parent input but the team should observe how the child performs in these areas as part of their overall evaluation.

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As a review, a child’s medical history should be reviewed as part of your overall evaluation, including any vision diagnosis already confirmed. During the evaluation, you should be noting the appearance of the child’s eyes, their behavior which could be associated with visual impairment, and their overall performance on the developmental items of the IDA. The developmental portion of the vision screening tool was adapted with the IDA items in order to integrate the observation of vision as a part of your overall developmental assessment.

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It is important to ask a parent how they think their child is seeing and if they have any concerns. How do they think their child is using their vision to interact with them socially and to do daily activities? Has the child had a brain injury from a brain bleed, hypoxia, non‐accidental trauma, meningitis/encephalitis, head trauma? Has the child been born exposed to herpes or to the CMV virus? Has the child been exposed to drugs or alcohol inutero? Does the child have family history of vision loss such as albinism or retinitis pigmentosa? All of these factors can be considered to be red flags to take into consideration about possible impact on the child’s vision. Review the medical history and background as part of your screening.

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Observations of the child’s eyes should include whether they are cloudy or milky in appearance or clear.  Do their eyes seem to turn in or out? Do the eyelids seem to be in the correct position or do they droop and cover more of the eye than normal? Do the eyes appear to be different in size or shape? Do you notice smooth eye movements or any jerky eye movements when the child is moving his eyes to observe you or the environment? Do you note consistent tearing of the eyes, redness, swelling, or mucous? 

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Begin to observe the child’s behavior as you do your assessment. Does the child notice that you have entered the room? Is the child aware of both people and activities in the room? Is the child making eye contact with you and others in the room or staring out the window, at the overhead lights, or ceiling fans? Does the child seem to be inconsistent in responding visually? Do they seem to see at times and other times they seem to be visually inattentive? Do they seem to look “through you”, reach beside items, or hold objects close to their eyes to view? Do they tilt their head in an unusual position while viewing objects? 

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We have previously mentioned visual behaviors and these are some behaviors which you may note when you are doing an assessment of a child. Do they appear to be visually uninterested? Children with typical vision are not generally visually uninterested in people or their environment. It is much more typical for a child to be watching you as a stranger when you enter their home and to be very visually interested in you. Does the child seem to vary in their ability to pay visual attention to you or activities? In particular, children who have cortical visual impairment may vary in their ability to focus visually on people and activities; especially as they tire.

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Vision develops in a sequence with early visual behaviors being eye contact and attempts to socially engage with caregivers. Developmental skills from the IDA using vision have been selected by age to give you some idea of how a child should be using their vision for social engagement, use of their vision for engaging with activities and also with visually scanning their environment. 

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If a child is not able to do the IDA items from 1 to 4 months in the areas of Relationship to Objects, Relationship to Persons and Coping; you should consider that to be a concern about their vision or red flag as there are many visual items in these areas of the IDA.  If the child is not doing these early items and there are other medical risk factors such as hypoxia, brain bleeds, or non‐accidental trauma; this is most likely a child who should be referred for further visual evaluation. 

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To review red flags to consider when referring children for further visual evaluation, the following may be helpful: Does the child have a vision diagnosis? Does the child have medical history which includes brain damage? Was the child premature and present with atypical visual behaviors? Is the child missing the 1‐4 month skills in the cognitive and social areas of the IDA?

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To summarize: Vision screening is required for all CMEs and annual assessments as part of the evaluation and results must be documented on the reports. Vision affects many areas of development and early identification and referral can help to develop strategies which can support the child’s overall development.

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Confirms what we already know.  “Blindisms” misnomer, but they exist nonetheless.  “NO specific behaviors in ASD” that aren’t found in all children at one time or another and “such behaviors” can even be considered “typical in the context of vision loss”.

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Take talking points from Common Behavioral Characteristics sheet in intake packets

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1. This item requires normal or at least near‐normal visual functioning. For a child with a suspected visual impairment, a suggestion might be: Does your child show interest in things you try to show him/her? 4. This may be delayed (or scary) for a child with a visual impairment. A suggestion might be: in the safest and most familiar situations, doe your child like climbing on you or attempting to climb on furniture at home? 5. This might be one we would worry about, but by 18 months, this behavior should have lessened quite a bit for kids with VI issues. 6. This item requires normal or near normal visual functioning. For a child with a suspected or known visual impairment, a suggestion might be: Does your child have a reliable way to ask for something or to get help? 7. This item requires normal or at last near normal visual functioning. For a child with a visual impairment, a suggestion might be: Does your child try to direct your attention in any way to something interesting? 

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8. For a child with VI you might say: do they show any curiosity about what other children or doing or saying? 11. This item requires normal or near normal visual functioning. For a child with VI: When you show any kind of affection for your child, does he or she smile back at you? 14. This item requires normal or near normal visual functioning.  For VI: When you are talking to, playing with, or dressing your child, is he/she engaged with you?

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16. The item requires normal or at least near‐normal visual functioning. Child with VI: If you show interest in something and your interest is apparent to your child, is your child curious? 19. This item requires normal or near normal visual functioning. VI: If something new happens, doe your child seek reassurance from you or try in any way to determine how you feel about it? (For example, if he or she hears a strange or funny noise, does she go to you for reassurance or laugh with you if it’s funny? If she encounters a new toy, will she try to ascertain whether or not it’s ok to play with it or whether or not you will consider buying it?

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Mention vision‐heavy items from IDA (“You’re immediately failing. Zero.”)

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(what’s that; making requests about bottle in other room)

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Mention vision‐heavy parts of IDA

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