University Libraries University of California Santa Cruz

June 8, 2009Santa Cruz, CA

By Amanda Xu

St. John’s University Libraryxua@stjohns.edu

1

Overview

Economic Challenges and Opportunities for Academic Libraries as Gateways, Archives, a Place, Buyers, etc.

Changing Nature of Publishing and Library Acquisitions – Common Ground and Best Practice

Increasing Digital Nature of Library Collection – Information as Product

Rising Expectations of End Users using Web As Infrastructure

Innovative Approaches to Bibliographic Control Role of Technical Services in FocusOn Search and

CategoryMap

2

Library as Gateways

“Provide instant access to electronic library holdings and resources for scholars, students and the public”LTS - Supporting the library’s role as gateways by embedding

bibliographic data, authority data, holdings data, user data, and linkages into the context of user preferred experience: LMS – Learning Management Systems / CMS – Course

Management Systems/ RTS- Research Tracking Systems Federated Search/ Google enterprise search Library portals – III’s Encore, Next Generation Melvyl

LTS - Ensuring linked data quality by providing complete, clean, consistent, and current data for holdings, resource identity, etc. and by compliance with bibliographic control standards

3

Library as Archives

“Advanced technology for digital preservation” LTS - Developing in-house expertise in digital preservation;LTS - Providing trainings for staff to be fluent with digital

preservation standards, best practices, and tools;LTS - Actively participating in the living laboratory development

for conversion and preservation of art, music, and text from their original media into digital ones in collaboration with content and technology partners, especially those in Special Collections and Archives, Media Services, and others.

4

Library as a Place

“With greater capacity for traditional print collections”LTS – Honoring tradition by continuously selecting, acquiring,

organizing, maintaining, tracking and reporting active holdings for the print collections via local integrated library systems, and any other external systems in the network, e.g. binding, OCLC, Melvyl, etc.

“Social learning and social networking”LTS – Embracing the changes to the library landscape by

incorporating the appropriate tools into the library that supports social learning and networking, including using Web as infrastructure

“Scholarly community and intellectual engagement”LTS – Participating in the infrastructure development for effective

dissemination of ideas in the forum of talks, exhibits, and forums

5

Library as Buyers

Acquiring or subscribing information resources distributed to the library by vendors in whatever delivery channelsLTS – Providing solutions to the next generation of library

technologies in acquisitions and cataloging of materials, and serials and electronic resources management;

LTS - Improving the IT infrastructure for processing the information resources in various formats in collaboration with external and internal partners;

6

Library as Universal Digital Library Infrastructure

LTS - Providing pervasive information infrastructure and computing environment, which integrate people, organizations, processes, data, information, and technologies in such a coherent manner that the objectives of a digital library can be performed, measured and controlled at the lowest meaningful and atomic level;

LTS - Providing relevant, engaged, and customized information contents and services, which cover all resources, all vocabularies, and all languages to any given user at any time;

LTS - Empowering the whole brain team using leadership, communication skills, project management, analytical skills, collaboration, and teamwork.

7

8

BPM1. O

rganizatio

n2. People

3. Processes

4. Domains

5. Technologies6. Distribution

7. Context

8. Culture

Increasing Digital Nature of Library Collection – Information as Product

Project management, enterprise architecture (EA), EA modelling and business process modelling

Content capturing Content modelling and content management systems Search engine services Enterprise service bus (ESB) and service-oriented architecture (SOA) Relational, multidimensional and ontological database management

systems, and database administration Portal solutions Customer relationship management Service resolution management Business intelligence and reporting Information security

9

Rising Expectations of End Users using Web As Infrastructure

21st century enrollmentNew students, new technologies and new sensesMedia education

Teaching and learning of 21st century skillsDigital divide between faculty and studentsMending the gaps by Library

Digital age literacy Inventive thinking Effective communication High productivity

21st century researchCyber infrastructure for research in science, engineering,

humanities and social sciencesOne to one engagement

10

Innovative Approaches to Bibliographic Control (1)

A library resource is increasingly becoming a product, e.g. parts of a book or collection of books aggregated, distributed, and disaggregated in heterogeneous computing environment with end service point on the Web platform geared toward a specific user group community, who are the supporters of the library services (M.V.C. & M.G.C.);

Unified/federated approach to bibliographic control of library resources purchased, licensed, in-house developed, or freely available in the public domain through common infrastructures at presentation layer, process layer, service layer, business logic layer, database layer, content model layer;

11

Innovative Approaches to Bibliographic Control (2)

Any collection of electronic data, from library catalogs to collections of full-text packages whether structured or unstructured in any media type on the Internet can be:

Interwoven with enterprise-wide resources, processes, services, systems and devices

Mined through automated means, e.g. named entity and noun phrases extraction, analysis, association, and interpretation

Sliced and diced for better forecasting and decision making using data warehousing and business intelligence packages on things such as library collection analysis, development and re-organization

Bibliographic control is increasingly a matter of managing relationships – among works, names, concepts, and object descriptions across communities with emphasis on reuse, scalability, maintainability, traceability, efficiency, and productivity

12

Innovative Approaches to Bibliographic Control (3)

Traditional information context Markup Types – Descriptive, Technical, Administrative, Structural, Preservation; Typical library metadata schemes – MARC, TEI, EAD, Dublin Core, VRA,

MODS, MIX, METS, PREMIS, CDWA A metadata scheme specifies – semantic, content, syntax Crosswalks – among metadata schemes Maintenance – Validate of the above & CRUD (Create, Read, Update,

Delete) & archive Digital information context

Linked Data – Web of things CIA – Confidential, Integrity, Available Adaptable, maintainable & lifecycle Separation of concerns: rules, patterns, structures & behavior

13

Innovative Approaches to Bibliographic Control (4)

Business Scenario for FocusOn Search and CategoryMap (4.1) System Front End for FocusOn Search and CategoryMap (4.2) System Backend for FocusOn Search and CategoryMap

(Taxonomy Management Module) (4.3) FocusOn Search and CategoryMap in Distributed Network/Web

(Logical Network Diagram) (4.4) ER Diagram Adapted from RDA (Resource Description and

Access) (4.5) DFD (Data Flow Diagram) Context Level for FocusOnSearch (4.6) System Flow Chart for FocusOn Search and CategoryMap (4.7) System Flow Chart for the Data Movement of all Vocabularies

(4.8)

14

Introduction to FocusOnSearch and CategoryMap (4.1.a)

DATA - Structured (20%), Semi Structured & Unstructured (80%) IDC - Percentage Searches on Web – “Aboutness” for a topic

search (45%), and scientific and technical info search (35%) Query limited to Boolean, Relevance ranking, Phrase, Link Analysis

on Refined Indexes by Keywords, Media, and File Types on WebUnknown Named Entities and Topical Search often Discovered by

Accident on WebResult List Rendered often Makes no Sense for “Aboutness” Search

on Web, let alone supporting business intelligenceCumbersome Info Sharing Processes for Enterprise Wide

Information Discovery

15

Introduction to FocusOnSearch and CategoryMap (4.1.b)

Browse both print and electronic collections on term “Algebra -Electronic Data Processing” and Mathematics by LC classification scheme with a single click

Enable a single measurement point to benchmark processes on university resources and library

Integrate one or more category maps by classifying university resources and library consistently

Enable trend analysis for collection development needs on terms such as “Combinatorics” or “Henry George?”

Enable repackaging and unbundling of resources by fine-grained topics

Answer questions like “To whom will the collection serve, e.g. for which school program, instructor, courses, etc.”

“How well does the collection meet the need of faculty and at what cost?”

16

17

Business Scenario for FocusOn Search and CategoryMap (4.2.a)

18

19

20

System Front End for FocusOn Search and CategoryMap (4.3)

System Backend for FocusOn Search and CategoryMap (Taxonomy Management Module) (4.4.a)

FocusOn Search application packages entail a stack of services:

Centralized catalog;

Handle media types in the catalog;

Named entities – Person, family, and corporate be linked and mashed up for obtaining the aboutness and of-ness of a person, locally and remotely via public available APIs on top of HTTP and/ ESBs within the private cloud computing network;

Other entities , e.g. concept, object, event, and geographic name;

Search facility - suggest spelling correction based on patterns, rules, keywords, phonics, synonyms, dictionary, and controlled vocabulary within one dialogue box in a single interface. It will also suggest categories that would facilitate discovery based on statistical analysis of queries, documents, user profiles and activities, usage, and vocabulary services consumed from other vocabulary service providers;

Google Map API for geographic name21

System Backend for FocusOn Search and CategoryMap (Taxonomy Management Module) (4.4.b)

Link user services, collection management, circulation, acquisitions, cataloging, and other processes across the units of Library and University Resources

Maintain taxonomy in conformance to institution and industry standards The CategoryMap will manage category terms which can be in a form of concept,

object, event and place, harmonized from subject terms:  

Clustered by an application; Looked up through controlled vocabulary such as LCSH, MESH, and AAT; Tagged by user-defined terms; Structured by LC and Dewey classification; Referenced directly from fund expenditure structure in acquisitions; Analyzed based on usage statistics reports aggregated from circulation,

content suppliers, etc., and no. of documents/objects likely carrying the category term;

Managed in a knowledge base for vocabulary filtering, mapping, ETL, etc., and in a data warehouse for data mining;

The search facility will also handle query processing in relational database management systems and ontological database management systems;

Relationships between concepts, objects, events, and geographic names are constructed according to controlled vocabularies developed by LC, NLM, and Getty. 22

23

Service Management

Policy Management

Governance AutomationDedicated Private Cloud Computing

Security

uPortals

libPortals

Page group

VocabularyPortals

Meta-data Portals

Service Registry/Repository

Compliance Validation

Security

Meta-data Federation

Unstructured Text Unstructured

Media

CategoryMapUser Profiles

Rendering Models

Discipline Preferences

Directory Services/SSOS

Service Virtualization

Trust and Mediation Management

Change Management & Service Life Cycle

Management Checkpoint

Certified

Checkpoint

CMMI Level 5

CMMI Level 5

COBIT&ISACA Framework

COBIT & ISACA 1 in.

CheckPoint

Checkpoint

Service Consumer Contract ProvisioningService Consumer

Contract Provisioning

SecurityFocusOn Search

Security

Directory Services/SSOS

Service Providers

Page

Security

Security

Suggest

24

25

ER Diagram Adapted from RDA (Resource Description and Access) (4.5.b)

26

Search FocusOn

Start Suggest

Inventory

Display result list

Display Result

List

Return too many

hits?

Yes

Select Search Refinement

Options

NoSelect Item

for brief display

Refine Search

By Sources

Refine Search

By Subject

Refine Search

By Media

Refine Subject

Search By Topic

Refine Subject

Search By Object

Refine Subject

Search By Geographic

NameZip codes

Lookup Postal Office Code

Refine Subject Search

By Person

Refine Subject

Search By Event/Activity

Persons

Lookup NAF

Concepts

Lookup Controlled Vocabulary

Places

Lookup Controlled Vocabulary

Lookup Controlled Vocabulary

Events

Lookup Controlled Voabulary

Ojects

Refine Subject

Search by Time Period

Periods

LC Authorities

WorldCat Identities

NLM

British Library (U.K)

NLC (Canada)

Getty

UMLS

Common Ref ToolKit

Refine Search by Category

Biography

News/TV Network

Check User Profiles

Check Rendering

Models

Internal Storage

Check User-Defined

Category

Aggregated FocusOn topics by

CategoryMap

Aggregated by FocusOn disciplines

Agregated FocusOn By Disciplines

Postal Office

Basic Flow Chart Legend Process Symbol: Level 0 – RedProcess Symbol: Level 1 – PurpleProcess Symbol: Level 2 – BlueProcess Symbol: Level 3 – Pink

Topic Map

DFD (Data Flow Diagram) (4.6)

27

System Flow Chart for FocusOn Search and CategoryMap (4.7.a)

28

System Flow Chart for FocusOn Search and CategoryMap (4.7.b)

29

System Flow for Data Movement of all Vocabularies

Role of Technical Services in FocusOn Search and CategoryMap (1)

1. Expand Content Selection to Unstructured Data on the Web

2. Leverage Named Entities Resolution Services Provided by OCLC WorldCat

3. Build Data Filters for Media and File Types

4. Build a Plug-in Reformat Utility

5. Build a Plug-in Meta-data Conversion Utility

6. Evaluate Change Management strategies, packages and techniques

30

Role of Technical Services in FocusOn Search and CategoryMap (2)

Parallel development Global access to data User engagement, behavior modeling & analysis Leadership, communication, teamwork, collaboration, analytical skills, quality

control, technology Appropriate level of cataloging Reuse 3rd-party bibliographic records Promote new models of access through user experience Integration, analysis, infrastructure

31

32

Duggan, J., & Stang, D. B. (2008). Magic quadrant for software change and configuration management for distributed platforms, 2008. Gartner RAS Core Research Note, G00153962, 1-10.

Hoffer, J. A., George, J. F., & Valacich, J. S. (2008). Modern systems analysis and design (5th ed. ed., pp. 130-159). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.

IMT (Information Management Team). “ER Diagram for RDA Taxonomy: High-Level Relationship Among Entities.” Available: http://www.rdaonline.org/ERDiagramRDA_24June2008.pdf

Inmon, W.H. “Architecting for Business Intelligence and Data Warehousing: Integrating the Structured and Unstructured Data World.” Data Warehouse Seminar ‘08, sponsored by Data Management Forum, Dec. 8, 2008

Xu, Amanda (2000). “Beyond Seamless Access: Meta-data in the Age of Content Integration” – presented and led the discussion forum at the Spring Program, Information Technology Interest Group of ACRL, New England Chapter, Univ. of Connecticut, May 26, 2000.

Xu, Amanda (2007). “Mending the Gap Between the Library’s Electronic and Print Collections on Library’s Web Site Using Semantic Web” – Presented for ExLibris Voyager End User Group Meeting, Chicago, Ill, April 19-20, 2007.

Joint Steering Committee for Development of RDA. RDA Element Analysis. 26 Oct. 2008: http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/jsc/docs/5rda-elementanalysisrev2.pdf