vista center – coscia moos architecture daylight … · learning objectives • identify current...

Daylight Autonomy through Automation

Vista Center – COSCIA MOOS Architecture

Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available on request. This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

Daylight Autonomy through Automation AIA/CES/HSW/SD Course Number DAA13 (1.0 Learning Units)

Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. is a registered Provider of GBCI Approved Courses for Continuing Education. This program is registered with GBCI for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement of GBCI of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

Daylight Autonomy GBCI Approved Course Course Approval Number 0090010301 (1.0 Continuing Education Hours)

This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited.

© Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. 2013

Learning Objectives• Identify current building design trends and the reality of

what happens when the intended design is not maintained and daylight is not properly managed

• Understand the concept and benefits of daylight autonomy and its energy savings metrics

• Recognize the difference in useful daylight zone and performance between a wired lighting control system with manual shades and one with wireless technology and automated shades through daylight analysis and energy simulation

• Understand the differences in the installed cost and return on investment between the two systems

The “Ideal” Office Building

The Reality of What Happens…Time Warner Center, New York, NY

The Reality of What Happens…

MetLife Building, New York, NY


Bank of America Tower, New York, NY


Titanium Tower, Chile

Automatedshades

Manual shades

Unmanaged Daylight = Glare, Heat, & Waste

Placeholder: Show diagram comparison • 8000 fc of daylight outside a 5x10 window = # of linear fluorescent light

fixtures (54 watt T5HO) it would take to emit the same amount of light onto a worksurface inside the window

Poorly Day-lit Environments

Daylight – Manual Shades

Inkarojrit, Vorapat. Balancing Comfort: Occupants’ Control of Window Blinds in Private Offices. Diss. University of California, Berkeley, 2005

46%

75.2%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Less than once per day

Perc

ent R

espo

nses

Frequency of Adjustment

Manual Shade Adjustment

Sunny Day

Cloudy day

• For any given day 45-75% of shades will not move at all.

– They will only move 54% of the time on a sunny day.

– They will move less than 25% of the time on a cloudy day.

• Only 10-20% of all manual shades are actively controlled.

Automated systems can balance daylight autonomy more than 75% of the time.

Market Drivers

ASHRAE 90.1-2010 – Mandatory requirements for:

• Area controls • Automatic lighting

shutoff • Bi-level lighting • Daylight harvesting • Exterior lighting control • Parking garage lighting

control • Stairwell lighting control • Designer to ensure that

light controls are functionally tested

Stairwell lighting control

DOE Ruling October 19, 2011: ALL states commercial building codes

must meet or exceed ASHRAE 90.1-2010 by Oct. 18, 2013

Market Drivers

LEED NC Credits 8.1 and 8.2: Daylight and Views (IEQ) • Intent: To provide building occupants with a

connection between indoor spaces and the outdoors through the introduction of daylight and views into the regularly occupied areas of the building.

Credit 8.1: Daylight • Prove a minimum daylight illumination level

of 25 footcandles in at least 75% of regularly occupied areas

Credit 8.2: Views • Achieve a direct line of sight to the outdoor

environment between 30 inches and 90 inches above the finish floor for building occupants in 90% of all regularly occupied areas

Daylight AutonomyWhat is “daylight autonomy”?

• Describes the percentage of work hours where useful daylight is available and there isn’t a need for electric light

– “Useful daylight”: glare-free; enough for daylight harvesting benefits

• Metrics are based on measures of time

• Controlled admission and management of daylight

• Benefits: Increased revenue through higher

productivity Lower operating expenses through energy

savings

Energy Savings Metrics• Daylight Autonomy (DA) –

percentage of work hours where the design illuminance is completely achieved through daylight

• Continuous Daylight Autonomy (cDA) – similar to DA but gives partial credit to the hours where the daylight cannot complete achieve the design illuminance

• Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) – percentage of area where 30FC is achieved for at least 50% of work hours through daylight

Metrics continued…Glare Metrics: • Max Daylight Autonomy (maxDA)

– percentage of work hours where 10x the design illuminance is exceeded

• Annual Sunlight Exposure (aSE) – number of hours per year with direct sun

Combined Metrics: • Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI)

– percentage of work hours where the illuminance from daylight is between 20FC and 200FC

Automated Shades - How do they work?

Building Example – Daylight Analysis


Daylight Analysis Wire Frame Model – 14th Floor

Building Example – Typical Office Plan Vista Center – COSCIA MOOS Architecture

30,000 square feet

14th – 24th Floors

30,000 square feet



December 21st, Noon

December 21st, 4 pm



June 21st, Noon

June 21st, 4 pm

We Have a Choice…

Meet codes with manual shades and standard technology

• ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 –“Daylight Zone Requirement” mandates:

Daylight sensor Occupancy sensor Switch

Manual shades (6) Switching Ballast

“Daylight Zone Requirement” mandates:

Occupancy

We Have a Choice…

EXCEED codes and realize FULL potential of savings with automated shades and wireless technology

Dimming Ballast

Wireless Daylight sensor Wireless Occupancy sensor Wireless Keypad

Automated shades

Choice 1: Manual Shading (closed)

Vista Center – COSCIA MOOS Architecture Useful daylight zone (manual shades) = 12ft

44 Switches 73 Occupancy Sensors 15 Daylight Sensors 440 terminations 185 feet of conduit

Wired Lighting Control System with Manual Shades

Choice 1: Manual Shading (closed)



90%

20%

UDI Results

Choice 2: Automated Shading



90%

20%

UDI Results

Choice 2: Automated Shading


Expanded useful daylight zone (automated shading) = additional 12ft

Useful daylight zone (manual shades) = 12ft

Wireless Lighting Control System with Automated Shades

Installed cost = ∆ 3.44%

44 Switches 73 Occupancy Sensors 15 Daylight Sensors 0 feet of conduit

Daylight – Shading Pros and Cons

Cost

Energy Savings Productivity

Comfort

Uniformity

Elegance

Flexibility

Code Compliance

Integration Perceived

Maintenance

Simple Return on Investment

$0.00

$0.10

$0.20

$0.30

$0.40

$0.50

$0.60

South North West

Ligh

ting

Ene

rgy

Cost

($/f

t²/yr

)

Lighting Annual Energy Usage

Closed

Automated

AVG Savings = $0.34/ft²/yr [83%]

**Lutron Electronics, Inc. worked with Purdue University to analyze the benefits and savings potential of automated shading systems. The results showed the impact of how automated shades significantly reduce annual lighting energy usage.

(Manual)

Simple Return on Investment

0

1

2

3

South North West

Ligh

ting

Ener

gy U

se (k

Wh/

ft²/y

r)

Lighting Annual Energy Usage

Closed

Automated

AVG Savings = 1.6 kWh/ft²/yr [83%]

**Lutron Electronics, Inc. worked with Purdue University to analyze the benefits and savings potential of automated shading systems. The results showed the impact of how automated shades significantly reduce annual lighting energy usage.

(Manual)

Importance of Glare Control

• Daylight glare can result in 25% lower productivity1

• Assuming $40 per hour salary plus benefits & overhead costs

• $10 reduction in productivity per employee per hour

• $30 per window bay per hour

• For only 100 hours of glare potential

• ~ $3000 in lost productivity per window bay

1Heschong Mahone Group, Inc., 2003. Windows and Offices: A study of office worker performance and the indoor environment. Prepared for California Energy Commission.

Internal Rate of Return

Lighting Cost Savings Motorized Shade Adder

Incremental Cost

Annual Energy Savings

10 Year IRR

20,000 + 6.25%

(10,000)

$ 5,125**

20.5%

(3.44%)

Standard Lighting Controls and Manual Shades

Wireless Lighting Controls and Automated Shades

- 2.81%

**Energy savings based on average cost of electricity in New York, NY.

Expected Return Based on Cost of Electricity

Cost of Electricity

$ 0.18 - $ 0.21 per kWh $ 0.14 - $ 0.17 per kWh $ 0.10 - $ 0.13 per kWh

Payback

4-5 years 6-7 years 7-10 years

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

$0.10 $0.12 $0.14 $0.16 $0.18 $0.20

Pay

bac

k (Y

ears

)

Cost of Electricity (per kWh)

Expected Return Based on Cost of Electricity

Buildings of the Future

Bloomberg Tower, New York, NY

Buildings of the Future

Questions?

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