International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Visual Aids and PHASTER

Module 2– Session 7Visual communicationAdapting IEC materials

PHASTPHAST IN EMERGENCIES PHASTER

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Visual communication:Is the process of sending and receiving messages using images.

Visual literacy:The ability to ‘read’ and understand pictures.The ability to construct meaning from images.It is about what is seen with the eye and what is ‘seen’ with the mind.

Visual literacy

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Visual communication

A picture is worth 100 wordsIt is rapid and universal

A high percentage of sensory learning is visual.

ObjectiveProduce powerful images that so the viewer will

remember the content (the message associated to the image).

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Design (elements)

Which elements make these hands different?

Colour, Texture, Lines, Perspective, Movement

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Perception

Perception is the process of gathering information through our senses, organizing and making sense of it. It is influenced by our experiences, culture and beliefs.All people do not "see" the same thing when looking at a visual image. Perception differs from individual to individual due to a variety of personal, socio-economic and cultural differences.

Age

Sex

Experience

Cultural background

FILTERS

Visual message

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Visual Literacy

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Visual Literacy

May be a problem where people are not used to seeing pictures People may not be familiar with perspective and other pictorial conventions relating to scale or movement etc.

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Adapting images

India

Uganda

Guatemala

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Participatory Methods

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

WHAT ARE PARTICIPATORY METHODS

Interactive and often visual methods-participation of individuals in a group learning and action planning processDecision-making is made easy and fun.Learning from each other and build respect for each others knowledge and skills. Participatory methodologies can play a crucial role in overcoming resistances, making decisions and changing behavior.

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

A note on participatory toolstools are flexible.

tools should be adapted or adopted to suit specific local situations, circumstances and sectors since their principle purpose is to enhance communication between facilitators and the people and among the people themselves.

Participatory tools are used in relation to and in conjunction with each other. They complement and even supplement each other.

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

PHAST

P- ParticipatoryH- HygieneA- AndS- SanitationT- Transformation

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

PHASTIt seeks to:

•Improve hygiene behaviours•Prevent diarrhoeal diseases•Encourage community management of water and sanitation facilities.

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

PHAST step-by-step GuidePart I : Introduction of PHASTPurpose and overview of the guide, how to use the guide, some necessary background concepts, how to be a facilitatorPart II: step-by-step Activities•Part III: Making a toolkitGuidelines for PHAST facilitators and programme managers, Guidelines for PHAST artists, How to make and use a pocket chart

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Seven steps to community planning for the prevention of diarrhoeal disease

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

PHAST in Emergencies = PHASTER

A shorter version of PHAST for use when “PHAST needs to be FAST”

Can be problematic during the early stages of an acute emergency and may only work where extension workers or volunteers have already been well trained.

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

PHAST in Emergencies

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Practical Exercise 1:

Take two childrenThree pile sortingDisease transmission How to do a voting activity

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

The F Diagram

Different transmission routes whereby pathogens can get from the faeces of an infected person through fluids, (mainly drinking water), fields (soil), fingers and food.

Nine barriers/facilities associated with hygiene practices:

1. and 2. Pit latrines and Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) latrines 3. Protection of water sources 4. Protection of food, safe waste reuse 5. Handwashing at critical times 6. Protection of food, storage 7. Protection of food, handling and preparation 8. Protection of water in transit and in the home 9. Safe eating, washing raw foods before eating them (Source Hygiene Evaluation Procedures: Approaches and Methods for Assessing Water and Sanitation Related Hygiene Practices. Astier M. Almedom, Ursula Blumenthal, and Lenore Manderson, INFDC, 1997)