visual c++ programming: concepts and projects chapter 1a introduction (concepts)

VISUAL C++ PROGRAMMING: CONCEPTS AND PROJECTS

Chapter 1AIntroduction (Concepts)

Objectives

Visual C++ Programming

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• Learn about the fundamental concepts of object-oriented programming

• Explore the fundamental hardware components of a computer

• Learn about the fundamental types of software• Study important people and events in the

history of computer hardware and software development

• Learn about the program compilation process and the project design methodology

Objectives (continued)


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Explore the Visual Studio IDE Create your first Microsoft Visual C++

program Create and use TextBox and Button

controls Write and run C++ code that responds

to a button click Read and interpret error messages

Object Oriented Programming


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Visual C++ is A programming language used to write

software Developed by Microsoft for Windows

computers Derived from the standard version of C++

Visual C++ is an object-oriented programming language

Object Oriented Programming (continued)


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Object oriented programming languages create objects that can be manipulated, for example… Visual objects (like buttons you can click on) Data objects (like a list of exam scores)

Objects Have attributes and operations (called

methods) associated with them Are based on definitions (called class

definitions)

A Robot Object


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Robot Design Specifications


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Object Oriented Programming (continued)


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Visual C++ is used to create programs that present a Graphical User Interface (GUI)

A GUI is an object (called a form) Typical attributes include

Button objects to click on Textbox objects to enter or display data

Typical methods include Programs that carry out tasks when a button is

clicked

Program Interface (Form) Object


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Hardware Fundamentals


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Fundamental hardware components Input

Means of getting data into the computer Examples: mouse, keyboard

Output Means of displaying results Examples: display, printer

Hardware Fundamentals


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Fundamental hardware components Processing (Central Processing Unit – CPU)

Arithmetic/Logic Unit – handles numerical tasks and comparisons

Controller – handles task scheduling Memory

Microchips used to store data temporarily while program is running

Storage Stores data permanently, even when computer

is turned off Examples: CDs, DVD, flash drives, hard drives

Fundamental Components


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History of Hardware Development


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Modern computing required… The invention of electronic binary methods

of computing The development of machines that were

able to store their own programs The advent of large-scale electronic

circuitry

History of Hardware Development (Continued)


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Four generations of hardware development First generation (1930’s-1950’s)

Vacuum tube technology Computers were large and subject to frequent

component failure Example: ENIAC (WWII project at U of

Pennsylvania) Second generation (late 1950’s – 1960’s)

Transistorized technology Complex wiring

The ENIAC


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History of Hardware Development (Continued)


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Four generations of hardware development (continued) Third generation (late 1960’s – 1970’s)

Integrated circuit (IC) technology Mass-produced, small-scale integration of

components Fourth generation (late 1970’s – today)

Microprocessors Very large scale integration of components on a

single microchip Made microcomputers possible

Software Fundamentals


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Types of software Systems software

The operating system (UNIX, Mac OSX or Microsoft Windows for example)

Utility programs used to manage files read from input devices control output to the screen

System software interfaces directly with hardware components

Software Fundamentals (Continued)


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Types of software (continued) Applications software

Purpose is tied to the needs of the user Uses the resources provided by the operating

system General-purpose

May be used by different users for different purposes

Word processors, spreadsheets, databases, e-mail programs, and Web browsers for example

Dedicated purpose Used to carry out specific tasks only

Types of Software


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Windows Visa Operating System


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Windows Vista Start Menu


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Windows Vista Control Panel


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Windows PC Hardware Information


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The Hardware/Software/User Relationship


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History of Software Development


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Machines language Consists of binary codes (0’s and 1’s)

Assembly language Uses short commands to stand for specific

machine language tasks High-level language

English-like Portable from one computer to another C++ and Visual C++ are high-level

languages

History of Software Development (Continued)


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Procedural languages 1950’s

FORTRAN, COBOL, LISP 1960’s

BASIC 1970’s

C, Pascal Object oriented

Simula (1967), SmallTalk (1980), C++ (1983), Java (1995)

The Programming Process


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Source code is a program written in a high-level programming language (like Visual C++)

Object code is low level code (binary level, machine language)

Computers require low-level instructions Compilers turn source code into object code

If errors are found compilation ceases The program must be debugged and

recompiled

The Debugging Process


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Successful Program Compilation


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Types of Errors


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Syntax Detected by the compiler

Warnings and fatal errors Usually typographical and easy to fix

Logic Program compiles and runs but results are

incorrect Often requires redesign of program logic

Runtime Program stops running unexpectedly Usually the result of an illegal operation

Example: division by 0

A Project Development Strategy


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Problem Analysis Identification of program requirements

Design Interface sketch and development of solution

strategy Development

Coding in high-level language Testing

Testing the solution under different scenarios

The Project Development Cycle


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The Visual Studio IDE


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Visual C++ is supported by the Visual Studio IDE An Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

contains Solution Explorer window

Shows the file structure of your solution Form layout window and Design tab (Design window)

Allows you to create your interface Toolbox

contains control objects you can put on the interface Properties window

Shows attributes of each object you have selected Toolbars and menus

Summary


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• Object Oriented Programming• Class definition• Objects based on class definition• Objects have attributes and methods

• Hardware• Five fundamental components of a computer• Four generations of hardware development

• Software• System software and applications software

Summary (continued)


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• The Visual Studio IDE• Integrated programming environment

• Programming• Source code is written in a high-level

language• The compiler translates source code into

object code so that it can execute• Types of errors: syntax, logic and runtime

• The program development process• Four stages: problem analysis, design,

development, testing

Summary (continued)


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Visual C++• The Toolbox contains controls for your program• The Properties window allows you to change

control properties• Event-handlers are methods that belong to

particular objects• Visual C++ code is written for each event

handler• Assignment statements assign the value on the

right of the = operator to the location on the left

visual c++ programming: concepts and projects chapter 1a introduction (concepts)

Documents

c code

visual studio idecreate

history of computer

ontextbox objects

ondata objects

examplevisual objects

button clickread

button controlswrite