visualisation 2012 - 2013 lecture 3

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Visualisatio n 2012 - 2013 Lecture 3 Brian Mac Namee Dublin institute of Technology Applied Intelligence Research Centre Visualising Trend

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Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture 3. Visualising Trends. Brian Mac Namee Dublin institute of Technology Applied Intelligence Research Centre. Origins. This course is based heavily on a course developed by Colman McMahon ( www.colmanmcmahon.com ) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Visualisation2012 - 2013

Lecture 3

Brian Mac NameeDublin institute of Technology

Applied Intelligence Research Centre

Visualising Trends

Page 2: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

OriginsThis course is based heavily on a course developed by Colman McMahon (www.colmanmcmahon.com)Material from multiple other online and published sources is also used and when this is the case full citations will be given

22011/12

Page 3: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Visualization of the Week

www.pinterest.com/brianmacnamee/great-visualisation-examples/

Page 4: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

(Un)Visualization of the Week

www.pinterest.com/brianmacnamee/terrible-visualisation-examples/

Page 5: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

AgendaVisualising patterns over timeDiscrete points in timeContinuous points in timeHandling multiple dimensions over time

52011/12

Page 6: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

What To Look ForThe most common thing you look for in time series, or temporal, data is trends

- Is something increasing or decreasing? - Are there seasonal cycles?

To find these patterns, you have to look beyond individual data points to get the whole picture

Page 7: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

2011/12 7

Page 8: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Visualising Patterns Over Time

Visualising patterns over time

- Discrete points in time

• Bar Graph

• Scatter Plot- Continuous points

in time• Line Chart

• Step Chart- Handling multiple

dimensions over time

• Stacked Bar Chart

• Area Chart

• Stream Graph

• Small Multiples

• Animation2011/12 8

Page 9: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Discrete Points In Time

Often we have datasets that contain single measurements for a reasonably small number of discrete points in time

- Profit per year- Rainfall per month

In these cases a simple bar graph is often appropriate

Page 10: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Simple Bar Graph

“Visualize This”, N. Tau, Wiley, 2011 http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920022060.do

Page 11: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Simple Bar Graph

“Visualize This”, N. Tau, Wiley, 2011 http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920022060.do

Page 12: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Simple Bar Graph

http://www.mornpen.vic.gov.au/page/imageThumbnail.asp?C_Id=820

Page 13: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Continuous Points In Time

Often we have datasets that contain single measurements for a number of continuous points of time

- Stock prices over time- Internet traffic over time

In these cases a line charts are more appropriate

Page 14: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Simple Scatter Plot

2011/12 14“Visualize This”, N. Tau, Wiley, 2011

http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920022060.do

Page 15: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Simple Scatter Plot

“Visualize This”, N. Tau, Wiley, 2011 http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920022060.do

Page 16: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Simple Line ChartSimply adding a line to a scatter plot can help greater emphasise a trend over time

“Visualize This”, N. Tau, Wiley, 2011 http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920022060.do

Page 17: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Simple Line Chart

“Visualize This”, N. Tau, Wiley, 2011 http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920022060.do

Page 18: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Simple Line Chart

“Visualize This”, N. Tau, Wiley, 2011 http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920022060.do

Page 19: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Step ChartBasic line charts interpolate the change in measurement from one point in time to anotherOften this is not appropriate and in these cases step charts are more appropriate

“Visualize This”, N. Tau, Wiley, 2011 http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920022060.do

Page 20: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Step Chart

2011/12 20“Visualize This”, N. Tau, Wiley, 2011

http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920022060.do

Page 21: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Step Chart

“Visualize This”, N. Tau, Wiley, 2011 http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920022060.do

Page 22: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Fitting A LineIn some cases adding a line to a scatter plot can mask the trend over time rather than help illustrate itIn this cases it can be more appropriate to fit a line or curve to a dataset so as to highlight a trend in timeACHTUNG: Be careful when fitting lines, it is possible to illustrate trends that don’t really exist

Page 23: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Fitting A Line

“Visualize This”, N. Tau, Wiley, 2011 http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920022060.do

Page 24: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Smoothing & Estimation

2011/12 24“Visualize This”, N. Tau, Wiley, 2011

http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920022060.do

Page 25: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Multiple Dimensions In Time

Often we have datasets that contain multiple measurement for each point in time which gives us multiple dimensionsThis makes visualization more challenging as we need to use newer and different encodingsThere are a number of approaches we can take

Page 26: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Stacked Bar Chart

“Visualize This”, N. Tau, Wiley, 2011 http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920022060.do

Page 27: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Stacked Bar Chart

Charting U.S. Gun Manufacturing, Matt Stiles, The Daily Viz, 2012http://thedailyviz.com/2012/08/07/charting-u-s-gun-manufacturing/

Page 28: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Stacked Bar ChartInterpreting multiple time series in a stacked bar chart can be really difficult, especially when we need to interpret the trend within the higher categoriesOnly really appropriate when the real trend we want to illustrate is the overall total bar height trend and the individual categories are secondary

Page 29: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Multiple Line Series

http://hci.stanford.edu/jheer/files/zoo/ex/time/index-chart.html

Page 30: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Multiple Line Series

Displaying time-series data: Stacked bars, area charts or lines…you decide!, VizWiz, 2012http://vizwiz.blogspot.ie/2012/08/displaying-time-series-data-stacked.html

U.S. Gun Manufacturing By Type

Page 31: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Stacked Area Chart

“Visualize This”, N. Tau, Wiley, 2011 http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920022060.do

Page 32: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Stacked Area ChartU.S. Gun Manufacturing By Type

Displaying time-series data: Stacked bars, area charts or lines…you decide!, VizWiz, 2012http://vizwiz.blogspot.ie/2012/08/displaying-time-series-data-stacked.html

Page 33: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Stacked Area ChartStacked area charts unfortunately suffer from many of the same problems as stacked bar chartsIt can be very hard to interpret the trends of each category as they are stacked on top of each other

Page 34: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Stacked Area Chart

Displaying time-series data: Stacked bars, area charts or lines…you decide!, VizWiz, 2012http://vizwiz.blogspot.ie/2012/08/displaying-time-series-data-stacked.html

What does the shotgun trend look like?

Page 35: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Stacked Area Chart

Displaying time-series data: Stacked bars, area charts or lines…you decide!, VizWiz, 2012http://vizwiz.blogspot.ie/2012/08/displaying-time-series-data-stacked.html

Page 36: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Stream GraphThe Stream Graph is an attempt to overcome the difficulties associated with stacked bar charts and stacked area charts

Page 37: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Stream Graph

ThemeRiver: Visualizing Theme Changes over Time, Susan Havre , Beth Hetzler , Lucy Nowell, Proc. IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, 2000.

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.135.4974

Page 38: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Stream Graph

ThemeRiver: Visualizing Theme Changes over Time, Susan Havre , Beth Hetzler , Lucy Nowell, Proc. IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, 2000.

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.135.4974

Page 39: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Stream Graph

Stacked Graphs – Geometry & Aesthetics, Lee Byron & Martin Wattenberg, 2008.http://www.leebyron.com/what/lastfm/

Page 40: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Stream Graph

Stacked Graphs – Geometry & Aesthetics, Lee Byron & Martin Wattenberg, 2008.http://www.leebyron.com/what/lastfm/

Page 41: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Stream Graph

Stacked Graphs – Geometry & Aesthetics, Lee Byron & Martin Wattenberg, 2008.http://www.leebyron.com/what/lastfm/

Page 42: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Stream Graph

http://hci.stanford.edu/jheer/files/zoo/ex/time/stack.html

Page 43: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

The Ebb and Flow of Movies: Box Office Receipts 1986 — 2008, New York Timeshttp://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2008/02/23/movies/20080223_REVENUE_GRAPHIC.html

Stream Graph

Page 44: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Small MultiplesOne solution to illustrating time is to use small multiples to show multiple snapshots of the data at different points in time

Page 45: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Small Multiples

http://hci.stanford.edu/jheer/files/zoo/ex/time/multiples.html

Page 46: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Small Multiples

Page 47: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Small Multiples

Tres Epistolae de Maculis Solaribus Scriptae ad Marcum Welserum, Christoph Scheiner, 1612http://galileo.rice.edu/sci/observations/sunspots.html

Page 48: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

AnimationAnimation is obviously a great way to illustrate changes over timeWe will look at this more later in the course

Page 49: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Animation

www.ted.com/talks/hans_rosling_shows_the_best_stats_you_ve_ever_seen.html

Page 50: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

Animation

Galileo's Sunspot Drawingshttp://galileo.rice.edu/sci/observations/ssm_slow.mpg

Gallileo made flip books of sunspot images to show how they moved over time

Page 51: Visualisation 2012 - 2013 Lecture  3

ConclusionsVisualising across time is a key methodologyThere are a number of approaches that are common and usefulWe will come back to animation