visualising product-service systems applied to distributed renewable energy. the energy system map

Visualising Product-Service Systems applied to Distributed Renewable EnergyThe Energy System Map

Silvia EmiliDr Fabrizio CeschinDr David Harrison

College of Engineering, Design and Physical SciencesDepartment of Design

Emili, Ceschin, Harrison Brunel University London

Visualising PSS applied to DRE: the Energy System Map

Energy-using products

Network of providers

Renewableenergy sources

PaymentsEnergy systems

Services

Customers

PSS applied to DREComplex solutions that require a new design approach and new design tools

1

2

Designing PSS applied to DRE

Innovation Map Design Framework and Cards

Visualisation and communication tools



+ +

PSS applied to DRE

The Energy System MapA tool to visualise and communicate new sustainable business models

3Emili, Ceschin, Harrison Brunel University London


4

The System Map

Highly Customerised Solutions, Solution-oriented design, production and delivery systems (European Research, GROWTH Programme - Jegou et al., 2004)

A graphic representation of the stakeholders involved in the system and the interactions between them, i.e. the flows of goods, services, information and money.

Stakeholders

Flows / interactions



5

Development of the visualisation system



6

Individual

household

Productive

activity

Public

building CommunityPublic and

gov entity

Mix of

customers

Financing Installation TrainingMaintenance

& repair

Product

upgrade

Mini kitIndividual

energy system

Charging

station

Isolated

mini grid

Connected

mini grid

Biomass Solar Wind Hydro Human

ENERGY SYSTEMS

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

SERVICES

NETWORK OF PROVIDERS

CUSTOMERS

OFFER PAYMENT CHANNELS

ENERGY-USING PRODUCTS

Local

entrepreneur

Micro Finance

InstitutionPublic and

gov entity

National grid

supplier

Non-Govern-

mental Org.Community

Local

entrepreneurCooperative

Lantern BatteryBulbs &

lights

Mobile

chargerTVRadio Fan

Computer &

IT device

Credit

payments

Fee

collection

In-kind

contribution

Cash

payment

Mobile

payments

Meter

reading

Scratch cards

/ energy codes

Private

enterprise

Pay to

purchase

Pay to lease

or rent

Pay per energy

consumed

Pay per unit

of satisfaction

Hybrid

End-of-life

Technology

manufacturer

Cooling / heatingdevice



7

First application

Describing archetypal models of PSS applied to DRE



8

First application




9

First application


ActorsProvider represented on the left-hand side, customer on the right

FlowsCentral part, between provider and customer

PaymentLower part of the map

OwnershipEmphasized by color/coding



10

Development of the Energy System MapEnergy System Map Example

Community

Public building

National grid supplier

Local entrepreneur

Technologymanufacturer

Privateenterprise

6. community pays fixed monthly tariff for limited energy

4. public buildings pay per energy consumed

10. grid supplier pays for electricity

1. enterprise installs connected mini grid and efficient lights that provides power to public buildings and households

MAIN OFFER BOUNDARY

2. provider offers training on operationand management

9. enterprise sell extraelectricity to national grid

11. manufacturer provides product upgrade

12. manufacturer provides end-of-life services

8. entrerprise provides maintenance & repair

5. entrepreneur collectsmonthly fees

3. entrepreneur collectspublic buildings’ readings

7. entrepreneur trasfers payments to provider

+

Ownership

customer

provider

Flows

Material or service flow

Financial flow

Information flow

Labour performance flow



11

RulesEnergy System Map Example

Community

Public building


Local entrepreneur


Privateenterprise





MAIN OFFER BOUNDARY









+

Ownership

customer

provider

Flows


Financial flow

Information flow


Ownership

The ownership of energy system and energy-using products is clearly shown by a colour-block filling of either the provider (violet) or customer (pink) icons. The products involved are presented with the same colour



12


Community

Public building


Local entrepreneur


Privateenterprise





MAIN OFFER BOUNDARY









+

Ownership

customer

provider

Flows


Financial flow

Information flow


Flows

Each interaction is represented with a characterisingflow which define the type of action (e.g. service provided, payment) and indicates who performs it. Flows have numbers to facilitate the reading process



13


Community

Public building


Local entrepreneur


Privateenterprise





MAIN OFFER BOUNDARY









+

Ownership

customer

provider

Flows


Financial flow

Information flow


Offer boundary

The main offer is included within the offer boundary, clarifying that secondary stakeholders and interactions may be included or detailed but they can be represented with smaller icons



41Emili, Ceschin, Harrison Brunel University London

Supporting SMEs in designing sustainable business models for energy access for the BoP: a strategic design tool

Testing activities

15

Testing the clarity and ease of usecase

case

case

case

case

1)

2)



16

Application 1:

“the system map gives you a visual picture of how the case study looks like. It gives you an overview of the whole business model”

“Helped refine and define interrelationships between actors in a simple way”

“I can more clearly understand the important relationship and interrelationships between key stakeholders, products and services, value proposition and the customers”

Visualise and communicate case studies of PSS applied to DRE in a clear and effective way



17

Applications 2:Design and detail new concepts of PSS applied to DRE



18

Application 2:

“using the system map you are able to put together concepts or ideas that might be elusive during the brainstorming session”

“the system map is a great deal on clarification of the concept”

“enables all actors to be given a role with clear relationships”

Design and detail new concepts of PSS applied to DRE



19

Next steps

• The visualisation system of PSS and DRE models and the Energy System Map will be applied in further testing activities in Nairobi and Gaborone.

• A refined version will be digitally available.

