vit proposal

7/30/2019 VIT Proposal

1/35

Communicating Design Ideas (Assignment 2)

vit(adj.) whiteness, purity, cleanliness;

to star afresh, refinement in sparseness

Bryan Yeo Jia Wei [1201168J]

Dylan Chng Rong Jih [1202143B]oy Teo Xing Ci [1205475E]

Wong Wan Wen [1203478A]

Xu Jing Hua [1201778J]

21/02/2013


2/35

TABLE OF CONTENTS

...................................................................................................1. INTRODUCTION 3

.......................................................................2. EXPLANATION OF CHOSEN THEME 5

............................................................................................................2.1 REUSE 5

.........................................................................................2.2 REUSE VS RECYCLE 6

..........................................................................................................3. SITUATION 7

...............................................................................................4. DESIGN PROBLEMS 9

....................................................................5. DESCRIPTION OF GROUP CONCEPT 12

..........................................................................5.1 CONCEPT AND OBJECTIVES 12

...................................................................................................5.2 THE LOGO 13

.........................................................................................................6. RESEARCH 14

..................................................................7. DESIGN CONCEPTS AND SOLUTIONS 18

.......................................................................................7.1 THE OPEN SOURCE 18

.......................................................................................7.2 DUMPSTER DIVING 21

...............................................................................................7.3 THE GALLERY 24

........................................................................8. EVALUATION AND CONCLUSION 26

..........................................................................................................9. APPENDIX 28

............................................................9.1 POSTERS FOR SUSTAINING INTEREST 28

.....................................................................................9.2 SOCIAL MEDIA SITES 28

.....................................................................................................9.3 LAYOUTS 29

.............................................................................................9.4 INFOGRAPHICS 30

...............................................................................9.5 MATRICULATION CARDS 33

....................................................................................................10. REFERENCES 34

2


3/35

1. INTRODUCTION

Progress toward a more environment-conscious mindset has come in leaps

and bounds, and we have accomplished much that we could not have pre-

dicted before. Eforts are substantial, and indeed so could be said of their

efects. Nonetheless, there is always room for improvement.

One primary obstacle faced by any establishment when pursuing transition

into a greater degree of environmental awareness and conscientiousness, is

all-inclusive participation. This diculty is likewise observable in Temasek

Polytechnics Design School

The issue is a major one, and largely contributory to the hindrances faced

when implementing eco-friendly initiatives. It is this apparent deficit in en-

thusiasm and, indeed, prevalent apathy towards actively being a part of en-

vironmental and waste management that we aim to curtail with our initia-

tives.

We believe that the inclusion of the element of fun and hence an intrinsic

willingness to be an active agent of change is key to increasing participation,

and key to stimulating change.

Therefore, we intend to, through this project, introduce three engaging ac-

tivities and initiatives that we believe will be highly successful in facilitating

our campus eforts for the environment, and in the process see an incre-

3


4/35

ment in student interest and consequent participation. In a word, we wish to

motivate active environmentalism.

Included in this written portfolio is a detailed description of our ideas, which

are necessarily pertaining to our selected theme, and how we intend to de-

sign and implement them. Specifics such as each initiatives conceptual de-

tails, mechanics, design elements and rationales are included.

Prior to that, there will be a number of sections covering such critical ele-

ments as the explanation of our chosen theme, evaluation of the campus

current situation (relevant to our theme), a discourse on pertinent design

problems and their subsequent solutions, an elaboration on our concept,

mission and values, and objectives, and the research necessary to substanti-

ate our aforementioned ideas.

At the end of this report, the reader should have a highly detailed and inti-

mate understanding of the issues we have uncovered as well as our pro-

posed solutions.

4


5/35

2. EXPLANATION OF CHOSEN THEME

This section of the preliminary report explores our chosen theme. This

theme is drawn from one of three Rs: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.

According to legislative definitions (Department for Environment, Food & Ru-

ral Afairs [DEFRA], 2012), the 3Rs are part of an hierarchy of wastes man-

agement strategies to minimize waste: reduction should always be sought

after first, where when the opportunity to use less resources, and thus pro-

duce less waste, presents itself, it is taken; reusing should then follow,

stipulating that any waste materials should be re-appropriated into a other

uses if possible; recycling presents itself as a sort of last resort, where

should the first two steps fail to be pursued due to whatever circumstances,

this becomes the optimum.

2.1 REUSE

Our chosen R is Reuse. The term reused when applied in a waste conser-

vation context is defined as the integration of a previously used resource or

material into the generation of a product, energy or for any other purpose. In

essence, to use something again after it has been used.

The Daily Dump (2012) explains that the reuse of a material can be applied

in either conventional reuse (the material fulfils the same purpose as before)

or new-life reuse (the material fulfils a diferent purpose from before).

5


6/35

2.2 REUSE VS RECYCLE

In the English language, reuse and recycle have similar meanings, and are

sometimes used interchangeably to mean the same thing. However, in the

waste management hierarchy, the two have vastly diferent meanings.

ReusePractices which find alternate uses or alternate avenues for

use of an item rather than expending energy to dispose it or alter

its form by recycling or composting. Examples would be donating

used books and magazines to a nursing home, using the fronts of

christmas (sic) cards to make new cards, using plastic margarine

tubs to hold leftovers or craft supplies, donating clothing to charity

RecycleSystems which may be run by private enterprise or local

government to gather recyclable materials and remake them into

similar or dissimilar products for market. Common examples are

newspapers, glass, plastic, steel, and aluminium (sic) (The Daily

Dump, 2012).

We chose reuse because we believe that in an institution fuelled by innova-

tion, creativity and design, potential is surmount in the idea of the re-

incorporation of something that has outlived its use to serve a new purpose.

We believe there is no better way to do our part for the environment as de-

sign students than redesigning a purpose for something that has none.

6


7/35

3. SITUATION

The Temasek Design School, as an institution under the Temasek Polytechnic

corporate umbrella, adopts the following environmental stance towards im-

plementing the principle of reusing: to identify creative and practical ways

of reusing resources.

We infer this to mean exactly what it says: engaging the campus in reusing

through methods that arouse interest.

In the Design School itself, we see some instances of the idea reuse being

implemented as a principle in smaller, low-profile methods. For example, in

the production workshop, any substantial pieces of leftover materials are

collected and open for use by any students who many need them. Likewise,

in the Visual Merchandising room there is a small collection of leftover, dis-

used or re-appropriated materials similarly open for free use: even the man-

nequin torsos, most of which were used before by students, get repainted

and cleaned to fulfill a diferent purpose. Indeed, for certain courses, like the

Environment Design (EVD) and Product and Industrial Design (PID) courses,

reusing, particularly when creating models of their products, is positively

encouraged.

On a more in-depth scale, the idea of reusing is seen to be implemented in

some of the Design Schools courses modules. Case in point, the Conserva-

tion and Adaptive Reuse (ConAR) module in the Interior and Architectural

Design (IAD) course in essence serves to expound the principle of reusing

7


8/35

through large-scale projects involving the reusing of old and disused land in

architectural projects. Although slightly extreme for our purposes, the gen-

eral idea remains.

Generally, the current situation in the Temasek Design School describes at

least some eforts coming on the parts of both the administrative and stu-

dent community, but it impresses as too insuciently and sparsely imple-

mented.

Our inference and opinion on the matter of the waste management hierarchy

is that reuse is more dicult to implement in an institution as an enthused

movement than the other two Rs.

We believe that unlike setting up bins for recycling of materials, or promot-

ing conservation through the reduction of waste generation, reusing requires

more efort on an individual level as well as on a creative level. Reusing re-

quires a certain degree of personal willingness as well as the presence of a

drive, like an external motivator to drive the individual to actively participate

in the act of reusing.

8


9/35

4. DESIGN PROBLEMS

Some of the problems faced by the school with the current system regarding

reusing have problem areas which have design solutions. These are referred

to as design problems, and may be as inane as an out-of-place recycling

bin, for example.

We have identified three main design problems with the current

system:

1)Activities and movements regarding reuse are implemented in

very small-scale manners that fail to capture mass attention and

interest. Particularly, there is no large emphasis or focus on the

concept of reusing.

2)We believe that the concept of reusing is not prominently pro-

moted, and low importance is placed on it. We feel that the con-

cept, although not completely amiss, is not promoted in the right

way.

3)Expanding on the previous points, we believe that the idea of re-

using is not explicitly promoted: although the principle is some-

times reminded in classes, for example, the idea has become an

unconscious action enacted only in convenience.

4)The current reuse eforts do not engage a large considerable

community currently.

9


10/35

In general, we propose

1)Activities and movements regarding and placing high em-

phasis on reuse should be implemented in high-profile and

engaging, interactive ways that can excite and sustain public

interest.

2)The concept of reuse to be promoted with high-octane

tactics such that it becomes a movement that is highly visible

and subject to substantial interest, and thus, while introduc-

ing new initiatives, also draw attention to current ones.

3)The idea of reuse should be expounded explicitly and deliber-

ately, while being associated to elements of enjoyment and moti-

vation such that reusing becomes a consciously practiced habit

done out of ones very own desire to do so.

4)The ideas to be implemented should reach out and engage a

large community. They should capitalise on the efects of social

pressure and conformity to stimulate the movement. The idea of

approaching reuse from a conformity perspective is inspired by an

article by Cialdini (2005), which discovered that the wording on

cards, employed in hotel bathrooms to urge guests to reuse tow-

els, had most efect when the card employed a conformity line like

Join Your Fellow Guests in Helping to Save the Environment.

10


11/35

Thusly through the design and subsequent of installation of initiatives that

remedy these problems, we believe that we can vastly improve the schools

current system regarding reusing, and in the process, eventually perpetuate

a intrinsic desire to act as such, and reuse.

Our inspiration for approaching the problems in this manner comes from

some findings uncovered by Ipsos MORI for the United Kingdom Cabinet Of-

fice (2002), which indicate that While the public considers the disposal of

societys waste a significant environmental concern, it is not an issue at the

forefront of their minds. The transient nature in which it is considered ap-

pears insucient to establish and maintain habitual patterns of recycling.

This tells of a pool of potential for a movement that can motivate the stu-

dents in the Design School, and indeed by extension the general public, to

reuse through a program that is engaging and relatable, which is what we

aim to achieve.

11


12/35

5. DESCRIPTION OF GROUP CONCEPT

This section explores our concept and our intended approach to our theme.

Included are such elements as descriptions and rationalizations for our con-

cept and groups name and our logo, our mission, and our values.

5.1 CONCEPT AND OBJECTIVES

Our initiative is entitled Vit, the Swedish for white. To us, the colour white

represents a cleanliness and purity that comes from starting afresh. It is a

colour that symbolises renewal and re-imagination. We believe that white

should be the colour of new life and refinement, and this is the entirety of

our movement.

When applied to the theme of reusing old materials for new purposes, this

symbolism becomes particularly poignant.

White, we feel, is also the colour of simplicity and elegance, and these are

themes we wish to inject into our initiative as well.

Besides that, we also wish to turn the idea of environmental awareness into a

fun and engaging attitude to adopt. We believe that when the individual is

motivated by his own enjoyment to partake in a certain behaviour or atti-

tude, the result is far greater in sincerity and efectiveness than if he were to

do it out of obligation.

We strive to turn the idea that waste management is boring and merely a be-

grudged necessity, into one of enthusiasm and the desire to want to do it.

12


13/35

5.2 THE LOGO

Our logo is a stylized monogram of the word vit. In its simplicity and un-

cluttered design, it echoes our mission and values perfectly.

The use of negative space and clean, sleek lines convey the idea of spa-

ciousness and, again, whiteness. It likewise speaks of a potential for imagi-

nation through the creation of a logo from the just now almost unrecognis-

able elements of V, I and T.

The triangle formed by the union between the letters echo the mathematical

symbol delta (), meaning change, a process we indeed seek to stimulate.

The tapering ofof the triangle as it reaches its line platform should rather

be viewed from bottom up, as a blossoming of a full geometric shape from

an angle, formed as a result of convergence between two lines. Through

such symbolism we mean to represent a vastness of opportunity and possi-

bilities that must start from a firm and solid combination of individual ef-

forts.

13


14/35

6. RESEARCH

Besides evaluating the schools current situation and problems faced when it

comes to implementing reusing, we conducted some research into certain

themes we thought were important to our project through a short ten ques-

tion survey.

The hypothesis we wished to prove was primarily regarding students atti-

tudes towards reusing, specifically, the willingness of the students in general

to actively partake in a reuse movement and similarly their willingness to in-

corporate reused materials into their projects.

The other questions generally revolve around themes of stress and stress re-

lief. The results from this survey allowed us to determine the viability of our

initial preliminary ideas.

The questions are as follows:

1. Do you think that as a design student, you have many opportu-

nities to re-use materials in your course?

2. How comfortable are you with incorporating reused materials

into your projects?

3. Would you be interested in a FOC open source where students

can donate and withdraw reusable materials for work and/or per-

sonal use?

14


15/35

4. Would you volunteer to work on a project out of the curriculum

that may be displayed as a permanent exhibit/installation in

school?

5. On average, how stressed are you during submission week?

6. How interested would you be in an exclusive activity for design

students to de-stress?

7. Would an interactive art installation (E.g. diving into a huge pool

of soft materials) be useful as an outlet for de-stressing?

8. What do you think of an art exhibition with the theme of reused

materials? 9. How interested would you be in obtaining a priority

pass to the queue at the print shop?

10. What mood does the colour white give you?

Questions 1 to 9 were based on scale of agreeability responses while ques-

tion 10 was left as an open-ended question.

As of February 18th 2013 we accumulated 71 responses.

The replies we collected were generally positive.

41 (57.75%) of the students we surveyed agreed that there were ample op-

portunities in their design courses to reuse materials.

Foss (2012) provides some insight on a concept known as design for unin-

tended reuse, or upcycling. Upcyling refers to converting waste materials

that can be reinstituted into new products, in essence giving new purpose to

the waste generated from products that were not intended to be reused. The

15


16/35

responses we have collected so far indicate that there is the potential for this

spirit of positivity toward reusing.

However, only 46 out of 71 (64.79%) (a narrow majority) respondents were

agreeable with doing this in their projects. This statistic, although promising

could be improved,

This statistic is confirmed elsewhere in the design industry, where in spite of

the potential to reuse in design being amply present, it is not a method pur-

sued as the priority option.

Other industries havemany opportunities for reuse. Buildings

are a fantastic example. I recently read that some 90% of the mate-

rials within the built environment have the potential to be reused.

Unfortunately, many, many of these products are being discarded

just cause (sic) its easier to get rid of them. (Foss, 2012)

Regarding our ideas themselves, 68 (95.77%) students showed interest in the

open source donation/withdrawal point, 66 (92.95%) were interested in an

exhibition of art made of reused materials and 56 (78.87%) were willing to

volunteer to contribute to the exhibition.

67 (94.37%) students found themselves facing varying degrees of stress dur-

ing submissions weeks, of whom 65 (91.55%) were interested in an activity

exclusive activity for distressing. When the event was revealed to be jumping

into a pile of soft materials, 61 (85.92%) agreed on its efectiveness toward

de-stressing.

16


17/35

The validity of providing such a physical activity for students to de-stress is

supported by Hoeger and Hoeger (2012) who state that the way by which

exercise helps lower stress is to deliberately divert stress to various body

systemsIn this way the mental strain is diverted to the working muscles,

and one system helps the other to relax.

Finally, student response toward the idea of obtaining a priority pass at the

design print shop was overwhelmingly positive: 69 (97.18%) were interest,

out of whom 59 (83.10%) were very interested.

17


18/35

7. DESIGN CONCEPTS AND SOLUTIONS

This section details our three main plans for the implementation of our reuse

movement. All three work in tandem with each other to form a large, com-

prehensive permanent addition to the school.

7.1 THE OPEN SOURCE

This is the focus of our initiative: an open source free-of-charge, deposit-

withdrawal system that allows students to withdraw any materials and re-

sources they need if they reciprocate by donating what they have excess of.

This ideal provides a platform for students to be conscious of their materials

by incentivising conservative attitudes. It also promotes the idea of reusing

things that have outlived their purpose but still can be used otherwise, or

things that one may no longer have use for when others still may.

To entice positive behaviour we have a number of methods to incentives.

Firstly, there will be the presence of a membership club, creating a certain

sense of exclusivity for those who participate. This will be made tangible

through the creation of a free-to-download mobile application (henceforth

referred to as app) that will allow the student to sign in with their matricu-

lation information. Every student should be registered by default.

The app also allows the act of participating in a environmentally friendly re-

use movement to become a convenient and efortless exercise, which we

18


19/35

have found tends to increase the volume of participation. This efect was ob-

served in research on mobilising a truly efective conservation movement.

Government agencies, private utilities and nonprofit groups have

tried changing behavior by giving people more information, or by

dangling financial incentives, such as rebates. And these ap-

proaches work for some households. But psychologists and behav-

ioral economists are increasingly concluding that for the masses, a

simpler, cheaper approach may be in order. (The Secret to Turning

Consumers Green, 2010)

Mock up of the app page in the iTunes app store

The app serves as a form of card-less stamp redemption system. Although

this does not directly support our movement, it ensures absolutely no waste

is generated in this respect. It ensures we do not contradict our mission.

This will work by their scanning of a quick response (QR; similar to a bar-

19


20/35

code) code (a function built into the app) upon donating, which will have to

be a managed process. There will be a number of diferent QR codes appro-

priate for the number of items they donate, and this will be reflected as

stamps, or points, in the application.

The vit QR code

This system makes it easier to collate every individuals donating habits and

allows the tallying of the top 10% for each academic block. We will also allow

participants to track each others progress, which is intended to create com-

petitiveness or cooperation, and also, as mentioned in section 4, create an

environment where reusing is the social norm, thus increasing the frequency

of reusing through conformity.

Secondly, and related to the first point, there will be the implementation of a

priority pass privilege with the design print shop for the top 10% of donators

of each block. As previously mentioned, these individuals will be determined

by the app and through the scanning of QR codes each time they donate. At

the end of each block, the winners will be determined, and at the start of the

next block, they will be prompted to collect their priority passes, which will

20


21/35

contain their matriculation and student information. These priority passes

will grant them priority service with the design print shop.

These priority passes can only be used in tandem with the students ma-

triculation card (however the matriculation card may be used alone), and will

be checked against an up-to-date list provided to the print shop personnel,

so as to ensure the impossibility of creating counterfeits. The priority pass

will also be altered slightly in design every block to enhance this security.

A sample of the membership card, front (left) and back (right)

7.2 DUMPSTER DIVING

This portion of our initiative incorporates a fun element to the act of reusing

(it is supported in part by implementation 4.1 after its permanent installa-

tion).

This will be carried out not in an actual dumpster as the sub-title implies,

but in a pile of collected safe, soft materials set up as an interactive installa-

tion. It serves three primary purposes: 1) it makes a salient statement about

the amount of waste generated, 2) it provides an outlet for fun and de-

stressing for students, and 3) it provides another source of reusable materi-

21


22/35

als. Secondarily, it, when used in context with the events surrounding it,

becomes encouragement for students to incorporate reused materials in

their works and projects.

This particular activity will be released in two phases: 1) a grand opening

and 2) a permanent installation.

For its grand opening, we intend to make use of the high trac during Te-

masek Polytechnics Campus Care Network (CCN) Day in the ensuing aca-

demic year. The event will be released in-tandem with a poster competition

that will be held on the same day. Naturally these posters will have to be

made from reusable materials sourced from the pile.

The idea is that participating students will each be given three hours within a

set time frame to both source for materials (by diving into the pile) and cre-

ate the posters. These posters will be judged on quality and creativeness,

and the winners will be rewarded.

This competition will be divided into two participative categories.

Firstly there will be a pre-registration exercise for Design School students

only, where they are able to register online for the competition one to two

weeks prior to CCN day. The competition and event will be promoted start-

ing three weeks before the date by posters and a various array of other pro-

motional techniques used only within the Design School Campus. For this

category, the prizes to be won include two of the aforementioned priority

22


23/35

passes and goodie bags. The pre-registration likewise allows the brain-

storming of ideas and ensures the quality of work produced.

Some of the posters that will be used to promote the event

Secondly, there will also be an open category registration on the day itself,

which serves a purely promotional purpose. Any individual from any school

or indeed any educational institution may register for this impromptu com-

petition for the chance of winning goodie bags.

The publicity elicited as a result of this event will be used to promote imple-

mentation 7.1 (described in the previous sub-section).

23


24/35

7.3 THE GALLERY

This third implementation draws its inspiration from Artstage Singapore, and

describes the erection of a permanent open space exhibition of art created

from reused materials.

It is supported by the aforementioned dumpster diving activity in two ways:

1) the pile of collected materials will be re-appropriated as part of the exhi-

bition as a permanent interactive installation, and 2) the posters from the

competition will likewise become exhibits themselves.

The gallery is intended to be spacious, minimal and evoking of a clean feel-

ing, all symbolic of the Vit initiative. It will serve the secondary purpose of

providing a free-to-use working space for students who may be inspired by

the environment created.

The exhibits in the gallery will be provided by the students themselves. They

may come about either by voluntary contribution, or through Design School

course projects, where we suggest the implementation of a system where

students receive extra-credit for incorporating reused materials in their pro-

jects, or perhaps even experience at least one assignment in each module

that requires the re-appropriation of waste materials into new design. These

assignments need not necessarily be about environmental conservation: we

simply need to make reusing a habit, and ensuring that they do this regu-

larly is a sure method.

24


25/35

This system ensures that the exhibits are always circulating and fresh. The

only constant factor in the gallery will be the Dumpster Diving installation

and the design of the space itself.

The entire gallery itself will serve as a permanent reminder of what can be

achieved with imagination and reusable materials. To come full circle, the

gallery will serve as a symbol of Vits philosophy, and serves as publicity for

the open source commune.

25


26/35

8. EVALUATION AND CONCLUSION

After finalizing our ideas, we embarked on a street pitch to determine the

attractiveness of our proposal. The brief instructed that the pitch had to be

made to five either year two or year three design students, and we had to

have them grade our ideas. We had the students whom we pitched to grade

us on a scale of 1 to 5, 1 being least attractive and 5 being the most.

The students whom we pitched to were in chronological order: Chee Yun Hui

(1102531I), Wong Sou Young (1103463D), Koh Chiew Hui Clara (1002715I),

Tan Yi Mei (1102111J), and Maliah Bte Zubir (1103689D).

The ratings we received from the students are as follows:

Chee Yun Hui (1102531I):4/5

Wong Sou Young (1103463D):3/5Koh Chiew Hui Clara (1002715I):4/5

Tan Yi Mei (1102111J):4/5

Maliah Bte Zubir (1103689D):4/5

We also received some criticisms and comments:

One mentioned that the exhibition is an idea that has been done before, but

the other ideas were refreshing. Another mentioned that the print shop pri-

ority was slightly unfair.

We also received some commendations on our ideas:

It was complimented as refreshing and straight to the point without any un-

necessary theatrics. We were also commended on our branding and the fact

26


27/35

that our campaign was intended to be a sustained initiative. Contrary to the

first criticism, we have also received interest in the exhibits, attributing to

the idea of art being made of reused materials.

27


28/35

9. APPENDIX

9.1 POSTERS FOR SUSTAINING INTEREST

9.2 SOCIAL MEDIA SITES

https://twitter.com/Vit_TP

http://vit-alic.tumblr.com/

http://instagram.com/vit_tp

http://vit-appstore.blogspot.sg/

http://www.facebook.com/pages/vit/113425632175208

28
https://twitter.com/Vit_TPhttp://vit-appstore.blogspot.sg/http://vit-appstore.blogspot.sg/http://instagram.com/vit_tphttp://instagram.com/vit_tphttp://vit-alic.tumblr.com/http://vit-alic.tumblr.com/https://twitter.com/Vit_TPhttps://twitter.com/Vit_TP


29/35

9.3 LAYOUTS

Open source:

Gallery:

29


30/35

9.4 INFOGRAPHICS

30


31/35

31


32/35

32


33/35

9.5 MATRICULATION CARDS

33


34/35

10. REFERENCES

Cialdini, R. B., (2005), Dont throw in the towel: Use social influence re-

search. Observer, 18(4), 12.

Daily Dump, The. (2012). Glossary. Retrieved on February 9, 2013, from:

http://www.dailydump.org/resources/glossary

Department for Environment, Food & Rural Afairs. [DEFRA] (2012), Waste Hi-

erarchy. Retrieved on February 9, 2013, from:

http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/waste/legislation/waste-hierar

chy/

Feldman R. S., (2011), Understanding Psychology Tenth Edition, McGraw Hill,

New York

Hoeger, W.W.K., & Hoeger, S.A. (2012), Principles and Labs for Physical Fit-

ness, 8th Edition, Boise, Idaho, U.S.A.: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.

Ipsos MORI, (2002), Public attitudes towards recycling and waste manage-

ment [Qyantitative and qualitative review: research study conducted

for the Strategy Unit, Cabinet Oce], London: Cabinet Oce

Joshua Foss, (2012). Intro2SD [Video Seminar]. The United States of America:

Minneapolis College of Art and Design.

34


35/35

The secret to turning consumers green: It isnt financial incentives. It Isnt

more information. Its guilt, (2011). Green hotels association: Green-

ing newsletter, May/June 2011, 1.

Temasek Polytechnic, (2011), Prospectus 2011/2012. Retrieved on February

20, 2013, from: http://www.tp.edu.sg/tp_prospectus2011_12.pdf

Temasek Polytechnic, (2012), Environmental Policy. Retrieved on February

19, 2013, from:

http://www.tp.edu.sg/home/about/environmental_policy.htm

vit proposal

Documents