vital signs. vital signs temperature breathing +pulse oximeter pulse blood pressure pain (5 th vs)
TRANSCRIPT
VITAL SIGNS
Vital Signs• Temperature
• Breathing+Pulse Oximeter
• Pulse
• Blood pressure
• Pain (5th VS)
TEMPERATURE
Skin temperature - taken by placing the back of your hand on the patient’s skin
Equipment – thermometer for accurate temperature reading/measurement
• Shell Temperature
• Core Temperature
Temperature• Normal: 98.6 ° F (37°C)
• Hypothermia: 95°F (35°C)
• Hyperthermia – excessively high core temp. > 105 = brain damage
• Routes– Oral– Axillary– Rectal – Tympanic – Temporal, etc.
Placement – rear sublingual pocket at base of tongue
PULSE
Pressure wave that is felt as the heart contracts
PULSE-Assess… Rate - number of beats per minute
– 60-100 bpm– Rate varies with age and other factors– Do not use your thumb– Tachycardia - > 100 bpm– Bradycardia - < 60 bpm
The Pulse
Rhythm - The pattern of pulsations and pauses between themRegular/Irregulararrhythmia, sinus arrhythmia
Quality /Volume-Force of the contraction of the heartStrongWeakGrading of pulse volume: 0-3+/4+
Pulse Assessment Locations
• Carotid
• Brachial
• Radial
• Femoral
• Popliteal
• Dorsalis pedis
• Posterior tibial
PULSE
If peripheral pulse is not palpable, assess carotid pulseUse caution. Avoid excess pressure
on geriatricsNever attempt to assess carotid
pulse on both sides at one time
Measuring Pulse
Radial
Palpate thumb side of wrist with two to three fingers, do not press too hard or it will obliterate.
Count 30 seconds and multiply by 2. If irregular, count for one full minute. If unable to find, measure apical pulse.
Radial site
Apical pulse
• Site: fifth intercostal space midclavicular line
• The apical pulse is considered more accurate than the radial pulse
• the sound of each heartbeat is obvious and distinct when listening to the apical pulse
• Pulse deficit – difference between apical and radial rate
Apical site: Left 5th ICS Midclavicular Line
Counting Apical Pulse• Apical• Place stethoscope on chest under clothing
• Auscultate apex of the heart below left nipple
• Move around a little at a time until heart beat clearly heard
• If difficulty finding apical pulse, have patient lean forward while sitting, or turn to left side when lying down
• Lub-dub is one beat• Always count for one full minute
RESPIRATIONS(Breathing)
Assessed by observing the patients chest rise and fall
Rate - Count # of breaths for 1 minute
Ventilation – one inhalation and one expiration
QUALITY (and)
Determined while assessing the rate
DEPTH EvenShallowDeep
EFFORTLaboredUnlabored
Types of Respirations
• Eupnea
• Tachypnea
• Bradypnea
• Hyperventilation
• Dyspnea
• Orthopnea
• Apnea
Pressure of circulating blood against the walls of arteries
BLOOD PRESSURE
Blood pressure• Systolic pressure - the
pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries during the contraction of the heart
• Diastolic pressure - pressure that is constantly present within the arterial walls as the heart relaxes and fills with blood
• Pulse pressure - normal range of pulse pressure-– 30 to 50.
Blood Pressure
There are two methods of obtaining blood pressureAuscultation - listen for the systolic
and diastolic soundsPalpation - In certain situations, the
systolic blood pressure may be measured by feeling for return of pulse with deflation of the cuff
Korotkoff Sounds• Korotkoff I- onset of faint but clear tapping
sounds which gradually increase in pitch and intensity
• Korotkoff II- murmur or swishing like sound
• Korotkoff III- distinct, loud tapping sounds without the murmurs
• Korotkoff IV- lower-pitched distinct, abrupt muffling sound with a soft, blowing quality
• Korotkoff V- cessation /disappearance of sound
• Auscultatory gap
• Orthostatic Hypotension
Measuring BP
QUESTIONS?