vitamins

DEFININTION

The term vitamin is derived from the words vital and amine, because vitamins are required for life and were originally thought to be amines

They are organic compounds required by humans in small amounts from the diet.

IMPORTANCE OF VITAMINS

VITAMINSFUNCTIONB1, B2, B3, B5, B 6, B7, B9, B12, C, KCOENZYMEB1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7METABOLISM OF ENERGY YIELDING NUTRIENTSB 6, B 9, B12RED BLOOD CELL SYNTHESISB6, B9, B12AMINO ACID METABOLISMB 7, B 5, B 3FATTY ACID SYNTHESISC , EANTIOXODENT PROTECTIONB1, B6, B12NERVE TRANSMISSIONA, DGENE EXPRESSION

CLASSIFICATION OF VITAMINS

VITAMINS HAVE TRADITIONALLY BEEN GROUPED BASED ON THEIR SOLUBILITY IN WATER OR FAT

WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINSFAT SOLUBLE VITAMINSB VITAMINS THIAMIN B1 RIBOFLAVIN B2 NIACIN B3BIOTINPANTOTHENIC ACIDB 6FOLATEB 12VITAMIN AVITAMIN CVITAMIN DVITAMIN EVITAMIN K

FACTS ABOUT VITAMINS

Vitamins are found in almost everything you eatProcessing affects vitamin contentDietary supplements can boost vitamin intakeNot all of what you eat can be used by the body

WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS

VITAMIN B COMPLEX GROUP

THIAMIN OR VITAMIN B 1

Very important vitamin to prevent Beriberi that was discovered in the West IndiesA Japanese surgeon in the navy found that beriberi on ships could be avoided by adding meat and whole grains to the diet.

THIAMIN IMPORTANCE

BERIBERI

SOURCES OF THIAMIN

Sources of Thiamin: it is widely distributed in foods Yeast and liver are the most highly concentrated sources however, cereal grains are the most important dietary sources of thiamin in the diet as these foods are consumed readily in most diets.

RIBOFLAVIN OR VITAMIN B 2

Very important vitamin because it is part of two coenzymes (FMN) and (FAD) which are oxidizing agents

RIBOFALVIN IMPORTANCE

SYMPTOMS OF RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCYStomatitisAnemia Swollen and dark tongueAngular chelosis: cracks in corners of mouth and lips

Riboflavin deficiency

SOURCES OF RIBOFLAVIN

RDA for Riboflavin

The recommended dietary intake for riboflavin is 1.3 mg / day .

NIACIN OR VITAMIN B 3

Niacin is the compound that prevents development of Pellagra.It was isolated from nicotine acid It plays an important role in coenzyme NAD which is very important in metabolism.

IMPORTANCE OF NIACIN OR VITAMIN B 3

SOURCES OF NIACIN

DEFICIENCY OF NIACINPellagra: dermatitis Muscular weaknessAnorexiaIndigestionSkin eruptionsDiarrhea

DEFICIENCY OF NIACIN OR B3

Pellagra

Pellagra

Vitamin B 6 or Pyridoxine

Very important vitamin since it plays a coenzyme role in more than 100 enzymatic reactions.

VITAMIN B 5 OR PANTOTHENIC

Part of Coenzyme A which plays an important role in energy metabolism.Is essential for the formation of ATP from the breakdown of carbohydrates, protein, fat and alcohol.

SOURCES OF PANTOTHENICMeat MilkMushroomsLiverPeanutsEggsyeast

DEFICIENCY OF B 5Headache FatigueImpaired muscle coordinationGI tract disorders

RDA FOR PANTOTHENIC ACID

RDA for adults is 5 mg / day

VITAMIN B6 FUNCTIONS

SOURCES OF VITAMIN B 6Animal tissuesFish PoultryWhole grainsSome fruits and vegetables mainly bananas , carrots, potatoes, garbanzo beans, avacado

DEFICIENCY OF VITAMIN B 6WeaknessSleeplessness Peripheral neuropathy Personality changesDermatitisGlossitis

VITAMIN B6 SOURCES

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR B 6

RDA for vitamin B 6 is 1.3 2 mg / day

BIOTIN OR VITAMIN B 7

Biotin participate in reactions in which carbon dioxide is added to a compound.

FUNCTIONS OF B 7

Essential cofactor for 5 carboxylase enzyme that add CO2 to various compounds.

SOURCES OF BIOTIN

Whole grainsEggsNutslegumes

DEFICIENCY OF BIOTINSkin rashNeurological disordersImpaired growth

RDA FOR BIOTIN

RDA for Biotin is 30 g /day for adults

FOLATE OR VITAMIN B 9

Folate is derived from Latin word means leaf because dark leafy vegetables are the best source for folate

VITAMIN B9 SOURCESBeansLegumesCitrus fruitLiverFish EggsMilk and milk products

FOLATE OR VITAMIN B 9

Folic acid functions

Deficiency of Folate

Reduced ability to double DNA Anemia

Folic acid function

RDA FOR FOLATE

RDA for adults is 400 g / day

VITAMIN B 12Cyanocobalamin or vitamin B 12 is very imporatnt vitaminIt plays an important role in many Coenzymes

SOURCES OF VITAMIN B 12MeatPoultrySeafoodEggsMilk and milk products

Sources of VITAMIN B12

RDA OF VITAMIN B 12

RDA for adults is 2.4 g /dayDeficiency can cause anemia

VITAMIN C OR ASCORBIC ACID

Is involved in many processes in human bodyThe most important function for vitamin C is the synthesis of collagen, the principal tissue protein found in tendon, arteries

FUNCTIONS OF VITAMIN C

Healthy immune systemHelps in wounds healingMaintains the connective tissuesAids in iron absorption

ASCORBIC ACID OR VITAMIN C

SOURCES OF VITAMIN C

Fruits and vegetables are the major sources for vitamin CCitrus fruitsBroccoliGreen pepper

SOURCES OF VITAMIN C

Deficiency of vitamin CThe well-known deficiency is Scurvy WeaknessFatigueInflammation of the gumImpaired wound healingHemorrhagesdepression

SCURVY IN HUMAN

RDA FOR VITAMIN C

RDA for vitamin c for adults is 60 mg / day

FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINSVITAMIN AVITAMIN DVITAMIN EVITAMIN K

Vitamin AAssists with formation of epithelium, skin and mucus membraneMaintains healthy eyesAssists with bone remodeling

Deficiency

Dry skin, poor immunity and slow growthNight blindess, xeropthalmia (total blindes)

Retinopathy

Night blindness

VITAMIN A

sources

Vitamin DConsidered as hormone that facilitates absorption of Ca and PIt assists with bone formation by aiding the absorption of calcium

Functions

sources

Vitamin D deficiency

Ricketts

Osteoporosis

Vitamin EAntioxident and promotes RBCDeficiency of vitamin E is heomlytic anemiaRDA 15 mg / day

Functions of vitamin E

Functions of vitamin E

Sources

Vitamin KAssists in the synthesis of prothrombin required for blood clottingDeficiency symptoms are prolonged bleeding and increased clotting time.

Ssources of vitamin K

Functions of vitamin K

Vitamin K deficiency