vitanova kirilov dimitrov 10 5 eutrophication
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EutrophicationEutrophication
Kirilov, KristiyanDimitrov, GeorgiVitanova, KarinaSection 10/5
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What is Eutrophication?What is Eutrophication?
• The increase in the amount of organic matter in the ecosystem (usually in aquatic environments) which stimulates plant growth
• Antrophogenic/Cultural eutrophication –eutrophication caused by humans (9)
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http://library.thinkquest.org/04oct/01590/pollution/culturaleutroph.jpg
http://www.balticseaportal.net/media/image/orgdc459351e05a.jpg
http://salem.rutgers.edu/nre_homeowner/elmer-eutrophication-480.JPG
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Which nutrients are the ones to Which nutrients are the ones to blame?blame?
• Phosphorus (mainly phosphates)• Nitrogen (mainly nitrates)• These nutrients are usually found in agricultural and
urban sources but there are others sources of themFertilizersFactoriesRiver run-off and erosionMunicupal sewage water caused by humansNitrogen fixation(3,12)
http://www.permaculture.org.au/images/phosphorus_molecules.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/archive/4/43/20100805213607!NitrogenRencer.png
http://www.biology-blog.com/images/blogs/10-2007/fertilizer-15101.gif
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Algal BloomsAlgal Blooms
• Rapid increase in the population of algae in an aquatic system;
• Algae - large group of organisms (unicellular and multicellular forms) found in waters and marines
• Caused by enrichment of some nutrients in the ecosystem (eutrophication) Increase in reproduction and growth in the
environment More oxygen needed – lack of O2Light is blocked
(1,4)http://www.theage.com.au/ffximage/2007/07/04/js05w_algae_wideweb__
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Problems Caused on EcosystemProblems Caused on Ecosystem
• Composition of the water changes (more N and P)• Algal Blooms • Block of sunlight for those organisms which need it
(photosynthetic)• With the increasing algal bloom of vegetation, such
as phytoplankton ->A lot of species in small area
• Less space for each organism -> a lot of death organisms
• This organic matter is food for bacteria which rapidly grow
• These bacteria use up most of the oxygen needed by other species
• Lack of O2 which leads to death of a lot of species(4,6,7)
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More problemsMore problems
• Decrease in diversity of species (one species would predominate)
• Production of toxins which might lead to extinction of species
• Decreased productivity of organisms living in deep waters
(4,6)
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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Scheme_eutrophication-en.svg/800px-Scheme_eutrophication-en.svg.png
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Impact on PeopleImpact on People
• HealthIll fish – harm people who eat themWater is dangerous to drink – may cause
illnesses• Economic
No fishing in the area where eutrophication occurs• Loss of people to pay to fish in that area
Fish in that area are no longer edible – more money spent on other types of food resources
A lot of money spent on• Cleaning the water where eutrophication occurs• Purifying contaminated drinking water
Less tourists come to these places – loss of money(13)
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What can be done in order to What can be done in order to prevent it from occurring?prevent it from occurring?
• Nutrients in fertilizers should be identified– Decreasing the amount of N and P in them– Limiting the use of fertilizers
• Waters should be cleaned so that eutrophication would not happen– Making barriers which protect the water from phosphorus
coming in water from facilities (cleaner technology)
• Control of animal wastes• Industrial practices near waters should be reduced (7,8,11)
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How to deal with eutrophication How to deal with eutrophication after it occurs?after it occurs?
• Waters should be cleaned • Nutrients that reach the water should be limited• Planting vegetation near waters in order to slow
down erosion• (Riparian buffers)
They remove nutrients
• Building of barriers – stop nutrients in runoff waters from entering aquatic
environments(5, 14)
http://www.woodriverriparian.ca/images/pic1.jpg
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The Baltic SeaThe Baltic Sea
• Sea located in Northern Europe
• Surrounds Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Germany, Denmark;
(2)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Baltic_Sea_map.png
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Eutrophication in the Baltic SeaEutrophication in the Baltic Sea
• Eutrophication is caused by high concentration of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus) Algal Blooms
• Caused by land-based sourcesFertilizersFactories
(12,15)
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More about the Baltic SeaMore about the Baltic Sea
• ImpactRisk of poisoning animals and humansDecreased biodiversityReduced income from tourists who no longer
want to visit the seaIncreased availability for growth of harmful
organisms
(12,15)
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More about Baltic Sea…More about Baltic Sea…
• Actions taken to stop eutrophicationReduction of nutrients pollution in the sectors of
industryMunicipal wastewater treatment and agriculture50% reduction of targets for nutrient emissions and
dischargesMonitoring the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in
fertilizers
(10,12)
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Missisipi River “Dead Zone”Missisipi River “Dead Zone”
• It is in North America, Gulf of Mexico• Cause - Nutrient enrichment (N and P)
They come from farming estates through• Fertilizers• Soil erosion• Animal wastes• Sewage
Algal Blooms!
(11)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Mississippi_watershed_map_1.jpg
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More about Missisipi RiverMore about Missisipi River
• ImpactDecreased biodiversityPoisoned water -> can lead to poisoning animals and
humansMore money spent on purifying drinking water
• SolutionDecreasing the use of fertilizersControlled animal wastesCareful industrial practices
(11)
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Works CitedWorks Cited• “Algal Bloom.” ScienceDaily. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Dec. 2010. <http://www.sciencedaily.com/ articles/ a/
algal_bloom.htm>. (1)• “Baltic Sea.” Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Dec. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Baltic_Sea>. (2)• “Causes of Eutrophication.” Causes of Eutrophication. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Dec. 2010.
<http://lepo.it.da.ut.ee/ ~olli/ eutr/ html/ htmlBook_4.html>. (3)• "eutrophication." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2010. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 09 Dec. 2010 <
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/196751/eutrophication>. (4)• “Eutrophication.” ORACLE ThinkQuest. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Dec. 2010. <http://library.thinkquest.org/
04oct/ 01590/ pollution/ eutrophication.html>. (5)• “Eutrophication.” Water Pollution Guide. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Dec. 2010. <http://www.water- pollution.org.uk/
eutrophication.html>. (6)
•"Eutrophication." Wiki Doc. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2010. <http://wikidoc.org/index.php/Eutrophication>. (7)
• “Eutrophication and Health.” Eutrophication and Health. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Dec. 2010. <http://ec.europa.eu/ environment/ water/ water-nitrates/ pdf/ eutrophication.pdf>. (8)
• “Eutrophication - Definition, Glossary, Details - Oligae.” oligae. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Dec. 2010. <http://www.oilgae.com/ ref/ glos/ eutrophication.html>. (9)
• “Eutrophication in the Baltic Sea.” HELCOM. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Dec. 2010. <http://helcom.navigo.fi/ stc/ files/ BSAP/ FINAL%20Eutrophication.pdf>. (10)
• “The Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone.” Microbial Life. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Dec. 2010. <http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/topics/deadzone/index.html>.(11)
• Lundberg, Cecilia. “Eutrophication in the Baltic Sea.” N.p., n.d. <http://www.mare.su.se/ dokument/ Cecilia_Lundberg_abstract.pdf>. Rpt. in Eutrophication in the Baltic Sea. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. mare.su. Web. 9 Dec. 2010. (12)
• Muir, Patricia. “Eutrophication.” Eutrophication. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Dec. 2010. <http://people.oregonstate.edu/ ~muirp/ eutrophi.htm>. (13)
• "RIPARIAN BUFFERS: WHAT ARE THEY and HOW DO THEY WORK?" Department of Soil Science. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2010. <http://www.soil.ncsu.edu/ publications/BMPs/buffers.html>. (14)
• “Third Intertnational Symposium on Research and Management of Eutrophication in Coastal Ecosystems.” Eutro 2010. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Dec. 2010. <http://www.eutro2010.dhi.dk/ EUTRO
%202010%20programme.pdf>. (15)