Quantified Self for Personal Health

Presentation by Anne Everars 4 september 2014

Promotor: Prof. Erik Duval Assessors: Dr. ir. Davy Preuveneers and Ir. José Luis Santos

Assistents: Ir. Robin De Croon and Dr. Joris Klerkx

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Content• About the topic

• Literature study

• Design

• Low-fidelity prototypes

• High-fidelity prototypes

• Conclusion2

Content• About the topic

• Literature study

• Design

• Low-fidelity prototypes

• High-fidelity prototypes

• Conclusion3

- Quantified self, self knowledge through numbers. http://quantifiedself.com/ - SWAN, Melanie. The quantified self: Fundamental disruption in big data science and biological discovery. Big Data, 2013, 1.2: 85-99. - SWAN, Melanie. Sensor mania! the internet of things, wearable computing, objective metrics, and the quantified self 2.0. Journal of

Sensor and Actuator Networks, 2012, 1.3: 217-253. 4

Personal health➲ Focus on a healthy lifestyle ➲ Focus on self-care strategies ~ balance exercise behavior and nutritional intake

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Overweight & obesity mainly due to:- Sedentary lifestyle- Overconsumption (of foods)

http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQhuS-OwHGRuWrGYqxbMr3eME7i54JbgO0JqaYafp-bg0d0Qnln-g

National voedings- en gezondheidsplan voor België. http://www.health.belgium.be/eportal/Myhealth/Healthylife/Food/index.htm#.Umu0gZROokR. 2005 - 2010.

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Research question

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Gain better lifestyle ➲ lose weight• Easy adding of elements

• Motivation via gamification and social networkHow?

- SIX, Bethany L., et al. Evidence-based development of a mobile telephone food record. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 2010, 110.1: 74-79.

- STEVENS, Susan Hunt. How gamification and behavior science can drive social change one employee at a time. In: Design, User Experience, and Usability. Health, Learning, Playing, Cultural, and Cross-Cultural User Experience. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. p. 597-601.

- HWANG, Kevin O., et al. Social support in an Internet weight loss community. International journal of medical informatics, 2010, 79.1: 5-13. 6

Target users

• People with that want/need to lose weight

• From different age categories and social groups

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Content• About the topic

• Literature study

• Design

• Low-fidelity prototypes

• High-fidelity prototypes

• Conclusion8

Criteria for comparison1. Food registration

2. Activity registration

3. Setting goals

4. Gamification & rewards

5. Reports

6. Login options

7. Social character

8. Availability (platform, online/offline, languages)

9. Price

https://annespersonalhealth.wordpress.com/2013/10/14/criteria-for-comparing-existing-applications/

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Compared applications

https://annespersonalhealth.wordpress.com/category/review/

Calories 2 Perfect Diet Tracker

Weight Watchers

Mobile Calorie Counter

by FatSecret10

Calories 2Perfect

Diet Tracker

Weight Watchers

Mobile

MyFitnessPal

Calorie Counter

Food registrationOwn recipes

Activity registrationSetting goalsGamification

RewardsProgress tracking

LoginSocial networkFriendnetwork

Available offline

Platform OS X, iOSOS X,

Windows, Linux

All Mobile iOS, Android

Languages Limited English Many English ManyPrice Free Payed Payed Free Free

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Conclusion• Food and activities always considered together

• Best : Dutch database

• Little automation (mostly only barcode scanners)

• Setting goals & reports = importantchallenges = nice

! metabolic resting state (e.g. CalorieCounter)

! pop-ups12

Content• About the topic

• Literature study

• Design

• Low-fidelity prototypes

• High-fidelity prototypes

• Conclusion13

Design criteria• Consistency

• Simplicity

• Maintaining a caloric diary

• Setting goals

• Gamification

• Social character- RUBIN, Jeffrey; CHISNELL, Dana. Handbook of usability testing: howto plan, design, and conduct effective tests. John Wiley & Sons,

2008. - KARAT, John, et al. HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION SERIES VOLUME 8. 2005. - HELSEL, Diane L.; JAKICIC, John M.; OTTO, Amy D. Comparison of techniques for self-monitoring eating and exercise behaviors on

weight loss in a correspondence-based intervention. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 2007, 107.10: 1807-1810. - CHOE, Eun Kyoung, et al. Understanding quantified-selfers' practices in collecting and exploring personal data. In: Proceedings of the

32nd annual ACM conference on Human factors in computing systems. ACM, 2014. p. 1143-1152.14

Platform selection

➲ iPad!• Reasonably mobile and carried along • Screen sufficiently large • Network connection (+ other sensors)

CONNELLY, Kay H., et al. Mobile applications that empower people to monitor their personal health. e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, 2006, 123.4: 124-128.

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Content• About the topic

• Literature study

• Design

• Low-fidelity prototypes

• High-fidelity prototypes

• Conclusion16

First prototype

https://annespersonalhealth.wordpress.com/2013/11/20/prototype-current-status/17

Evaluation first prototype= via EXPERTEVALUATIE

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Evaluation - remarks

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Evaluation - remarks

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Evaluation - remarks

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Evaluation - remarks

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Evaluation - remarks

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And then ….

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Second prototype

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Second prototype

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Second prototype

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Second prototype

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Second prototype

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Evaluation - methodology

1. Short introduction

2. Initial questionnaire ➲ personal questions

3. Think-aloud user test

4. SUS-questionnaire

BROOKE, John. SUS-A quick and dirty usability scale. Usability evaluation in industry, 1996, 189: 194.

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Evaluation

• 7 users 21 - 25 years old

• 4/7 with overweight

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Evaluation - results• Adding item(s) seems hard (3/7)

• Consistency between food diary and activity logbook (7/7)

• Entering data in report view is counterintuitive (2/7)

• Many users (5/7) liked the option of challenging friends inside the application

• Some users (2/7) would have liked the option to have more than one goal; or to not have to focus on weight changes.

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Evaluation - resultsSUS - score : 81

http://www.humanfactors.com/images/newsletters/2010/jan/SUS4.jpg

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Evaluation - resultsSUS - score : 81

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Content• About the topic

• Literature study

• Design

• Low-fidelity prototypes

• High-fidelity prototypes

• Conclusion35

Database selection• (American) English databases➲ many available: - FatSecret API - ItemMaster API - Esha API - CalorieKing - Myfitnesspal

• Nubel & NEVO

• Open Food Facts (http://be-en.openfoodfacts.org/)

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Design

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Design

https://parse.com/ 38

To the digital prototype

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First digital prototype

Adding item(s) seems hard ➲ issue with paper prototype? ➲ Work in progress

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First digital prototypeEntering data in report view is counterintuitive

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First digital prototypeUsers want to define more than one goal

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Evaluation - methodology

1. Short introduction

2. Initial questionnaire ➲ personal questions

3. Think-aloud user test

4. SUS-questionnaire

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Evaluation

• 5 users 21 - 25 years old

• 3/5 with overweight

• Focus on usability-issues

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Evaluation - results

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Evaluation - results• Adding item(s) seems hard (4/7)

• ‘Vooruitgang’ is a better name (3/7)

• Some users (2/7) forget to indicate a moment when adding food items

• One user would like to have a better progress visualization in the images from the food triangle

• One user indicated that it is not possible to see the contribution of a food item

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Evaluation - resultsSUS - score : 90,5

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Evaluation - resultsSUS - score : 90,5

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Second digital prototypeUsers forget to indicate a moment

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Second digital prototypeProgress in food triangle elements

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Second digital prototypeContribution of an added item?

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Second digital prototype

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Second digital prototype

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Evaluation - methodology1. Short introduction

2. Initial questionnaire ➲ personal questions

3. Think-aloud user test

4. SUS-questionnaire

Due to lack of time: focus on usability

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Evaluation

• 11 users 21 - 58 years old

• 7/11 with overweight

• 9/11 want to lose weight

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Evaluation - resultsRelative importance of the features

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Evaluation - resultsScore (1= not important, 10= very important) of social features

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Evaluation - results1. Make an account

2. Add food item

3. Log off

4. Add activity

5. Look at badges

6. Register weight &BMI

7. Tips

8. Change goal

9. Personal settings

10.Register waist circumference & ABSI

11.Challenges

12.Setting notifications

13.Caloric monitor58

Evaluation - results1. Make an account

2. Add food item

3. Log off

4. Add activity

5. Look at badges

6. Register weight &BMI

7. Tips

8. Change goal

9. Personal settings

10.Register waist circumference & ABSI

11.Challenges

12.Setting notifications

13.Caloric monitor59

Evaluation - resultsSUS - score :79,5

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Evaluation - resultsSUS - score : 79,5

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Content• About the topic

• Literature study

• Design

• Low-fidelity prototypes

• High-fidelity prototypes

• Conclusion62

Remember: research question

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Gain better lifestyle ➲ lose weight

• Easy adding of elements

• Motivation via gamification and social networkHow?

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Conclusion• Design overall received a good score

(e.g. SUS scale)

• Items should be added efficiently & simple

• Feedback are useful➲ visual tools can help

• Gamification is not perceived as essential

• Social elements appear less relevant64

Questions?

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