viva proposal injury pattern

8/6/2019 Viva Proposal Injury Pattern

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RESEARCH PROPOSAL:

M. Sc Education in Sports Sciences

FAIRUS FARIZA BINTI ZAINUDIN

(M20082000222)


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INTRODUCTION: SPORTS INJURY

The following statistics are the latestavailable from the National SAFE KIDS

Campaign and the American

Academy of Pediatrics (AAP):

The highest rates of injury occur in

sports that involve contact and

collisions.

Types of sports and recreational

activities: Consider the most recent

statistics from the SAFE KIDS

Campaign:

BasketballMore than 200,000 children ages five to14 were treated in hospital emergencyrooms for basketball-related injuries.

Baseball and softballNearly 117,000 children ages five to 14

were treated in hospital emergency roomsfor baseball-related injuries. Baseball alsohas the highest fatality rate among sportsfor children ages 5 to 14, with three tofour children dying from baseball injurieseach year.

FootballAlmost 194,000 children ages five to 14were treated in hospital emergency roomsfor football-related injuries.

GymnasticsNearly 23,500 children ages five to 14were treated in hospital emergency roomsfor gymnastics related injuries.


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INTRODUCTION:

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SPORTS INJURY

Epidemiology could be defined as the study of the distribution of

disease in population .

(Dishman, Washburn, & Heath, 2004).

In sports injury, epidemiology is fundamental concept as theessential science of preventive medicine, and its purpose related to

sports medicine(Mckeag et al., 1993).

Main focus of epidemiology in sports injuries :

To review integrative and comprehensively the distribution ofinjury rates according to literature review

To suggest the prevention and direction of further research for

injury measurement.


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INTRODUCTION:

THE IMPORTANCE OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA

Purpose under athletic medicine, which are:

1. To identify the

causes of injuries

2. To monitor

the health of

athletes

3. To verify the

effectiveness of

preventive

measure

4. To quantify the risks of

various types, frequencies

and intensities of exercise

activities

5. To provide an

impression of long

term injury trends in

specifics sports

(Mckeag et al., 1993)


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PROBLEM STATEMENTS

1. Sports injuries can occur for many reason.

2. Involvement of children and youth

Level of participation

Involvement for health and personal development

3. Age

vulnerable to sports injuries due to physical and physiologicalof growth

4. Adolescent athletes (Malaysia)

Still unknown because of lack informational data regardinginjury pattern


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RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE

1. Provide a useful statistic data

further analysis for future injury prevention

2. Provide a profile of injury

evaluate the current problems among adolescent athletes in

Malaysia

characteristics of injury pattern across various sports played by

athletes

specifics injury pattern occur in different sports

extent of current injury severity among athletes

3. Annual research surveillance system


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RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

1. To identify the nature of injury

among adolescent athletes in

various types of sports.

2. To identify the body category of

injury among adolescentathletes in various types of

sports.

3. To identify the types of injury



4. To identify the severity of injury



5. To distinguish types of sports

(contact/ non-contact) thatcontributes more injuries.

6. To identify the differences

between types of injury (acute

or chronic) with contact and

non-contact sports.


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RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. What is the nature of injury


various types of sports?

2. What is the body category of

injury among adolescentathletes in various types of

sports?

3. What is the type of injury among

adolescent athletes in various

types of sports?

4. What is the severity of injury


various types of sports?

5. What is the type of sports

(contact/ non-contact) thatcontribute to more injuries?

6. What are the differences

between types of injury (acute

or chronic) with contact and

non-contact sports?


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OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

TERMINOLOGY OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

Injury Any injury that occur between individual and environment, resulting

in physical impairment or ailment (including any dental injury and

mild brain injury that requires cessation of the athletes participation

for observation before returning, either in the current session or the

next) because the human body or part of it was subjected to force(s)

exceeding the threshold of physiological tolerance.

All injuries that meet one of the following criteria:

(1) occur as a result of participation in an organized high school

athletic practice or contest, or

(2) required medical attention by a team athletic trainer or

physician or(3) resulted in restriction of the student-athletes participation for

one or more days beyond the day of injury.


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Injury severity Injury severity classification include:

(1) Minor: Injury that occur onto single body part, such as superficial

abrasion, contusion, laceration with no sign of swelling, bruising

or bleeding;

(2)Moderate: Injury that occur onto single body part, such as deep

or extensive abrasion, contusion or laceration, and/ or partial

rupture to the ligament or muscles fibre, with a sign of one or

combination of swelling, bruising or bleeding; and

(3) Severe:Multiple injury with any ligamentous or muscle total

rupture, dislocation and or fracture.

** Definition of injury severity following grading that has been used by Hopper, Elliottt,

& Lalort, ( 1995) and modified based upon research needs according to injury complexity

criteria.


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Athletes Athletes that attending sports clinic at National Sports Institute of

Malaysia.

Adolescent As noted by World Health Organization, defines adolescent as age

range from 10 to 19 year old. Adolescent was characterized under

two categories which is early adolescent in range 10 to 14 year oldand late adolescent 15 to 24 year old.

Youth Age range 15 to 24 year old


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LITERATURE REVIEW:

INJURY PATTERNS AMONG ADOLESCENT ATHLETES

Epidemiology of sports injury

No consensus for the definition of sport related injuries (Petridou, 2001;

Dompier, 2007).

Huge variations and differences in types of studies, research methodology and

others variables used in previous studies .

The inconsistency of using injury severity definition and classification.

The Uniqueness of Young Athletes

Anatomical Differences between Adult and Growing Bone

1. Articular cartilage

2. Junction of epiphyseal plate and metaphysic

3. Apophyses

4. Metaphysis of long bone

5. Phase of rapid growth in children


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LITERATURE REVIEW:

INJURY PATTERNS AMONG ADOLESCENT ATHLETES

Common Injuries in the Young Athletes

Younger athletes more likely to experience injury to cartilage and bone, or avulse

and apophysis than to have a significant ligament sprains

(Maffuli &Magra, 2007)

Common injuries 50% of all injuries seen in pediatrics sports medicine are related to overuse

(Dalton, 1992)

50% of overuse injuries is preventable if pre participant screening identifying

sport-specific injury risk factors and assessing young people's maturity, skill

level, and motivation for the sport

(Singh & Srivastava, 2008)


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Site Mechanism Injury in Adult Injury in Child

Thumb Valgus force as in skiersthumb

Sprain of ulnarcollateral ligament

Fracture of proximal phallangeal physis(usually Salter-Harris type III)

Distal ITP joint

of finger

Hyperflexion injury Mallet finger Fracture of distal phalangeal epiphysis

(type II or III)

Hand Punching injury as in

boxing

Fracture of

metacarpal head

Fracture of metacarpal epiphysis

(type II)

Shoulder Fall on point of shoulder Acromioclavicular

joint sprain

Fracture of distal clavicle epiphysis

Shoulder Abduction and external

rotation force

Dislocated shoulder Fracture of proximal humeral epiphysis

(type I or II)

Thigh/hip Acute flexor muscle strain

or extensor strain

Quadriceps strain or

hamstring strain

Apophyseal avulsion of anterior

inferior iliac spine or ischial tuberosity

Knee Overuse injury Patellar tendinopathy Osgood-Schaltter lesion or Sinding-

Larsen Johansson lesion

Knee Acute trauma Meniscal or ligament

injury

Fractured distal femoral or proximal

tibial epiphysis, avulsion of tibial spine

Heel Overuse Achilis tendinopathy Severs lesion

Comparison of Injuries that Occur with Similar Mechanisms in Children and adults.

Source: Adapted and modified from Maffuli and Magra (2007).


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LITERATURE REVIEW:

THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK


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Nature of Injury Body Category Types of Injury Injury Severity

Minor

Moderate

Severe

Acute

Chronic

Head

Spinal

Upper Limb

Lower Limb

New Injury

Subsequent

Injury

Various Sports

Non ContactContact

Epidemiology

Analytical

Epidemiology

Descriptive

Epidemiology

When?

(Time factor)

IncidencePrevalence

What is the

outcome?

Where?

(Place factors)

Who?

(Person factor)

How many

injuries?

Injury Onset

(sudden/gradual)

Injury Severity

(Injury type andtime-loss)

Injury Definition

Anatomical

Biological

Occurrence

(frequency)

Why?

(Causal factor)

How?(Causal factor)

Intrinsic RiskFactors

Extrinsic Risk

Factor

Inciting Event

Injury

Mechanism

Injury Patterns

Injury

PreventionVariables

THEORETICAL

AND

CONCEPTUAL

FRAMEWORK


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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

Retrospective descriptive study.

POPULATION AND SAMPLING

Population of the study

collection of medical record from sports medicine clinic, National SportsInstitute (NSI) ofMalaysia.

Sample of the study

Convenience sampling method.

Selected case file of medical records from NSI . Year 2007-2009

Athlete involved in contact and non contact sports.

Age range 13-24 years old.


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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The collection of medical records from sports medicine clinic, National Sports

Institute (NSI) ofMalaysia.

DATA COLLECTION Approval to conduct the survey

Survey procedure

RESEARCHMANAGEMENT FLOW CHART


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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: DATA ANALYSIS

Research Question Research VariableStatistical

Analysis

What is the nature of injury among adolescent

athletes in various types of sports?Nature of injury

Frequency andpercentage

distribution.

What is the body category of injury among

adolescent athletes in various types of sports?Body category

What is the type of injury among adolescent athletes

in various types of sports?Type of injury

What is the severity of injury among adolescent

athletes in various types of sports?Injury severity

What is the type of sports (contact/ non-contact)

that contribute to more injuries? Type of sport

What are the differences between types of injury

(acute or chronic) with contact and non-contact

sports?

Type of injury with

type of sports

Two way

ANOVA

**Significance level of this research will be set at p = 0.05 prior to the research.


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Part A

Demographic Data

Part B

Sports Specifics

Part C

Anatomic-site Specific Nature of Injury

Body Category

Nature of Injury

Types ofSports

Injury History

Gender

Age

Various SportsNon ContactContact

Sports Injuries

Variables

Absence and or Lack Information

Regarding Injury Pattern among

Malaysia Adolescent Athletes

Race Types of Injury

Injury Severity

Analysis Data

Injury Prevention

Provide Information on

Data of Injury Pattern

among Malaysian

Adolescent Athletes

Research

Management

Flow Chart


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THANK YOU

viva proposal injury pattern

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