vo l, 11 , 3 1971 allcbiveco -- ----in l ew et ter · pr ovi s i on of metrology awarenes s...

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Vo L, 11 , 0 I 3 SEPTEMBER 1971 AllCBIVECO -- ----I N_ _ L EW ET TER CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES NATIONAL P RE SID EN T ' S This will be my last opportunity to address you as President of NCSL . I' ve served y ou for two years now and h ave enjoyed these opportunities to communicate to you those things which I thought were important to all of us. I depart you with mixed emotions: Re lief: That the pr essures of office will lessen, my family will s ee more of m e, and I can c atch up on the things I've b een neglecting. Satisfaction: In the things that got done, such as: A strong public relations push to make Member D el- egates visibl e in their c ompanies and to obtain their managem ent's supp ort. Regional m eetings merged with cost reduction emphasis and valuable data e xchanges. Pr ov i s i on of metrology awareness abstr acting ser- vice availabl e to Membe r Delegat es at a minimal subscription cost. Presentation of the 19 70 Standards Laboratory Con - ference "Innovative Metrology -- Key to P'r og r e s s " and the r esultant proceedings issued in March 1971. Provision of th e William A. Wi1dhack Awar d plus other awards for outstandin g contributions to the interests of NCSL. Ren ewed em phasis on Weights and Measures Week with exp ectations for a Na t i on al Measurements Week. Catalyst for a 1972 Joint Measurement Conference with other technical societies. Ni ne t y percent completion of a series of guidelines for management of Ne SL . Provision of a calibration system specification now being reviewed by the board for adoption as a ten- tative r ecommended practice.

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Vo L 11 r~ 0 I 3 SEPTEMBER 1971 AllCBIVECO

-- ----IN_ _ L EW ET TER

CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIESNATIONAL

PRE SI DENT S C O M~ffiN T S

This will be my last opportunity to address you as President of NCSL I ve served you for two years now and have enjoyed these opportunities to communicate to you those things which I thought were important to all of us

I depart you with mixed emotions

Re l i e f That the pressures of office will lessen my family will s ee more of me and I can c atch up on the things Ive been neglecting

Satisfaction In the things that got done such as

A strong public relations push to make Member Delshyegates visibl e in their companies and to obtain their managements support

Regional meetings merged with cost reduction emphasis and valuable data exchanges

Pr ov i s i on of metrology awar e ne s s abstracting sershyvice availabl e to Membe r Delegates at a minimal subscription cost

Pr es en t a t i on of the 19 70 Standards Laboratory Con shyference Innovative Metrology -- Key to Progr e s s and the r esultant proceedings issued in March 1971

Provision of the William A Wi1dhack Awa r d plus other awards for outstanding contributions to the interests of NCSL

Renewed emphasis on Weights and Measures Week with exp ectations for a Na t i on a l Measurements Week

Catalyst for a 19 72 Joint Measurement Conference with other technical societies

Ni ne t y percent completion of a series of guidelines for management of NeSL

Provision of a calibration system specification now being reviewed by the board for adoption as a tenshytative r ecommended practice

2

CONTENTS

NCSL Pre s id e nt s Comments

NCSL Board of Dir ectors M eeting shy July 1971 - - -

Page

1

4

c Board of Directors f or 1972

Committ ee Reports -

R egional Mee ting Summary

8

9

11

lt M easur ements Agr e ement Round R obin 17

gtlt Revised Cos t Avoid anc e R educ bon R eport

CPEM 72

Joint M easurements Conference

Standards Laboratories

A M etric America

1 9

22

23

24

27

lt Shade s of Nikola Te sla

ScienceEngine ering Information shy

New Time Signals on Telephoneshy

NBS To Broad cast New Time S cale

31

31

32

33

T echnical R eferences - - - - - - 34

NCSL NEWSLETTER

ED ITORIAL PANEL IAIL ING ADDRESS

W J Ans on - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Edi t o r NCS L Secre t a r ia t W F Sny de r - - - -- - - - ----Associ a te Edi to r Na ti onal Bureau o f Standa r ds - 200 0 l R J Bar r a -- - - - --- --- - - - - - - - - - -Reviewer Wash ington D C 20 234 J F Hadle y-- -- -------- - - -- - - - - Re vi ewer W H McP hee - - - -- - - - - -- - -- - - - ---Re viewe r The NCSL News l etter is publi sh ed qu a rt shyW L Vanda l - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- - Re vi ewer e r ly in Boulde r Colo by the Nat io na l

Confe re nce of Standar ds Laborat or i es I t i s s en t to NCSL- Membe r Org aniza t io ns

NCS L OFFICERS and to a s pecia l l i st ing of ac t i vi ties and key pers onn el whos e work i s c lo s e ly

J L Hayes-- - ------ - - ---- -- -- - President r el ate d t o that o f NCSL Non -NCSL- memshyF J Dyce -- - - - -- -- - - - --Exec Vi ce - Pres ber s ubsc r i p t ion s a re a vailabl e f or $10 M T Ange l 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Se c r e t a r y per yea r Ext ra co pi es of an i ssue may D r Hervi g------------------ -Tr e asurer be ob tai ne d a t $2 50 each Remi t tances

s hould be made d i r ect ly to th e NCSL Secreta ri at

3

Continued activity on measurement agreement comparshyIsons

Distribution of two tentative recommended practices

Regret For the things that didnt get done For my fading in the stretch and not pushing other jobs to conshyclusion that are presently hung up at various stages in the pipeline I apologize for having left these loose ends to the hands ofthe next president

Gratitude For the constant feeling of support that I had from all of you Where you could each of you reached out to help Where you couldnt you were each honest enough to tell me precisely that and to do whatever you could do within the limits of your job situation and your personal responsibilities I am especially grateful for all the fine people who directly aided me during the past two years -- too many to name here but consisting of dedicated Member Delegates Committee Chairman and Members Officers and Board of Directors and particularly the Secreshytariat

Confidence That Frank Dyce your new President and the newly elected officers and Board of Directors will do a fine job for NCSL in the future Frank plans a board meeting in the very near future to reassess the objectives of NCSL and get more products on the street for the members as well as the major effort connected with the Joint Measurement Conference next June in Boulder

Hope For the future of NCSL each Member and each Member Delegate There is a great deal that we can conshytinue to do with our resources so long as we inshyvolve those resources where it really counts But attitude can spell the difference between winning and losing We are a unique organization we should lead in a unique way -- with confidence statesmanshyship and sound managerial acumen

It has indeed been a pleasure serving you I have gained a great deal from the experience I hope I have given in return Good luck and may God bless you all

~~~ JERRY L HA~

4

NCSL BOARD MEETING

July 1971

Seated left to right

Bill Vandall Marty Vyenielo Jim Hadley Mort Angelo Dave Mitchell Wes McPhee Steve Kozich Ralph Barra Je rry Hayes

St anding le ft to right

Carl Boyer Harvey Lance Don Grebb Frank Dy ce Don Hervig

5

BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING

A meeting of the NCSL Board of Directors was held on the first

and second of July at the Navy Metrology Engineering Center in

Pomona California Attendees included the following

Officers

President Jerry L Hayes (US Navy Pomona California) Executive Vice President Frank J Dyce (Martin Marietta) Vice Presidents

Wesley H McPhee (MIT Draper Laboratory) James F Hadley (Bendix Corporation) Ralph J Barra (Westinghouse Electric Corporation) William L Vandal (McDonnell Douglas)

Past President Harvey W Lance (OTDOC) Treasurer Don I Hervig (US Army Safeguard Systems Command) Secretary Mort T Angelo (Lockheed-California Company)

Committee Chairmen

Steve Kozich (Weights amp Measures Week) Atlantic Research Corp J D Mitchell (Membership) NRAutonetics Don Greb (Honors amp Awards) Lockheed Missiles amp Space Company Carl Boyer (Specifications) Honeywell Inc Marty Vyenielo (Calibration Procedures) Lawrence Radiation Lab Wilbur Anson~ Editor Newsletter NBS Boulder Colorado

Highlights of the meeting are as follows

Membership Committee ChairmanJD Mitchell reported that there are presently 174 pa id up memberships This is a small drop and is probably caused by the overall business retrenchment and the canceling out of multiple memberships within a corporashytion Discussion was held as to the methods which could be employed to obtain the greatest possible participation in the organizations having severa l divisions but only one Corporate Delegate An assignment was given to Frank Dyce to stUdy the feasibility of a Corporate or Associate membership which would allow NCSL to get back into direct contact with companies or divisions of corporations that may not be participating in NCSL activities - as a means of broadening our influence rather than from a financial gain Also to investigate the participation of non-member delegates in our existing organization the extent to which they are now participating and the extent to which they should participate

6

In the absence of Herb Ingraham Ralph Barra made the r e po rt on the activities of the Measurement Comparison and Stat ist i cal Procedures Committee Following discussions 0 t he report President Hayes recommended that considera tio n be given to changing the objective of this c ommi t t e e t o come up wi t h a plan that in lieu of admi niste ring the actua l p ys ic ~ l moveshyment of the comparison packages and ana lyses o f the da t a the committee act in a manage r i a c a pacity c o mi ng up with a Recommended Practice for part i c i patio n a nd e ndorsement of measurement agreement programs a nd t o wor w th N BS who could be administrator for t he fl ow of the comparison packages

Ralph Barra reported o n the Re g onal meetings and empha s ized the need to get me mbers to submit the i r c o s t savings i de a s to the coordinators The reticence on the p a r t of members to submit cost savings for fear the i r management would press for a reduction to match the dol l a r s claimed caused considerable discussion which resulted in a n assignment to be made to the committee to review the means b y which they ade cost savings Visible Maybe the units of mea s u r e me n t are erroneous perhaps they should be shown in t e r ms of increased productivity and goals set

Don Hervig proposed that NCSL cons i de r establishing an annual scholarship The Education a n d Tr a i n i ng Committee was a s ke d to look into a scholarship or e qu i va ent on an annual bas i s Determine methods of qualifica t i on selection and whether the recipient should be a school or an individual

Newsletter Editor Anson annOUD e d that the Associate Editor Wilbur Snyder would be retir i ng in c t o be r a nd the Editor would therefore need someo ne t o he lp with future Newsshyletters (Note Any Colorado De l e g a t e s are urged to contact Wilbur Anson to serve in this capac i t y )

Mr Anson made a report on t he ac t i v i ti e s in reference to the Current Awareness Service He s t a t e d that there were 43 paid subscribers which was below forec as t ilbu r asked for assistance in making known t o ind i vi du a s o r companies the efforts of the Current Awarenes s Serv i ce by submitting to him the names of potential users He wi l l then forward publicity releases to them As an aid to i nc r e a s i ng distribution of the publication it was suggested that perhaps a name change emphasizing in the title that othe r areas besi es electroshymagnetic metro l ogy were inc Iud d Wes McPhee was given the assignment to have his informa t i o committee get i n touch with Wilbur Anson and work ou t a plan for the more effective marketing of the publication Th e Board approved $1000 for continued support of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service publication

7

Wilbur Anson b r i e f e d the Board o n the progress of the Joint Measure ment Conference to be he l d in Boulder Colorado in June 197 2 A mo t i o n to support the conference to the amount o f $1 000 wa s made and approved by Board ac t i on Jim Hadley made an appeal for speakers who cou l d prese n t a speech covering the basic tipic Measurement Ef f o rt as a Resou r c e for Manageshyment He prefers someone not f r m Ae r os ac e or DO D He is to be contacted directly with a ny ug ge s t ed names

Wes McPhee reported on the status o f the 9 7 Di r e c t o r y and indicated that it was almost rea d y to go to p r e s s

The new Chairman of the Calibrat i o n Procedure Co mmi t t e e Mary Vyenielo made an extensive report on the state of the GIDEP library Considerable discussion was held on the purging and updating of the existing procedures

The recommended Practices Committee under Elmo Johnson will soon release the Calibration Systems Specification for review by the Board of Directors If approved by the Board it will be released as a Tentative Recommended Practice

President Hayes requested Bill Vandal to have his committee working on the metric system conversion study to come forth with an impact report by October 1st

Steve Kozich made a report on the Weights and Measures Week He stated that it was his opinion that we should exert ourselves to push an d pub I icize Weights and Measures Week since it helps our profession It really brings to light the benefits of the metrologist in calibration technology etc Steve made a very interesting presentation on the history of the National Weights and Measures Week He recommends that we include in NCSL in some manner the Chiefs of the Bureau o f Weights and Measures of all the states His reasoning is t ha t they control the laws for measurement Frank Dyce was given the assignment to have the Membership Committee draft a letter to the States Chie~of Weights and Measures inviting them to join NCSL Letters to be signed by NCSL President

President Hayes recommended that t he Long Range Planning Committee should be a function of the Exec u t ive Vice President and should include the Past Presidents He would also have at his disposal the full Board

Wes McPhee was requested to put together a Recommended Practice procedure for the equipment storage and retirement of test equipment

8

BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR 1972

Pre s ident

Fr ank J Dy ce Martin Mar ie t t a Corporation Mail Point 498 P O Box 5837 Orlando Florida 32805

( 305) 855- 6100 Ext 4488

Executive Vice President

Ral ph Barra We st i ng ho use El ec t ri c Corpo rat ion Mai l Stop 504 Box 746 Bal timore Maryland 21203

(301)765 -4560

Vice Pr esidents

Ray Y Bailey USAF Calibration ampMetrology Di v Newa r k Ai r Force Base Newa r k Ohio 43055

(614)3 44- 2171 Ext 670

J D Mi t che ll D369 C02 Aut one t i cs 3370 Mira10ma Aven ue Anahe im Cali fornia 9 2803

( 714) 632- 3685

Donal d J Greb Lock heed Missiles ampSpace Company Sunnyvale California 94088

(408)742 - 5774

Wesley H McPhee M I T Draper Laboratory 224 Albany Street Cambridge Mass 0213 5

(617) 864 -6900 Ext 2460

Se cr e t a r y

Mort Ange 10 Lockheed-California Company PO Box 551 Burb ank Cali f orni a 915 03

(2 13) 847- 2342

Treasurer Paul H Hunter Western Elect ric Company I nc Depa rtment 12 WL 31262 3300 Lexington Road Winston-Salem N C 27102

(919) 784 -3117

Sponsors De le gate Joseph M Cameron Institute for Bas ic St an dar ds Nat i on al Bureau of Standards Washington D C 20234

(3 01) 92 1-2 805

Past Pres iden t

Jer ry L Hayes US Navy Plant Repre sentat ive Met rology En gi nee r i n g Center 16 75 W Mi ss ion Blvd PO Box 2507 Pomona Calif 91766

( 714) 629 - 5111 Ext 3010

Dele gate s

Mr Carl Boye r Jr Honeywell I n c Test I ns t r umen t s Divi sion P O Box 391 Annapolis Maryland 21404

( 301)263- 2661

Mr Don I Her vig US Ar my Safe guar d Systems Command P O Box 1500 -- SSC- LLM Huntsville Al abama 35807

(2 05) 895- 3750

Mr Maurice J Sexey E G amp G I n c Mai 1 Stop P- 03 680 E Sunset Road Las Vegas Nevada 89101

(702)736-8111 Ext 427

Mr Richard Boyce I dah o Nuclear Standards Labo ratory Idaho Nucle ar Corporation P O Box 1845 I daho Fall s Idaho 83401

( 20 8) 522 - 6640 Ext 2470

Mr James A Valen t i no Sanders As s oc i at e s In c 95 Canal Street Nas hua New Hampshire 03060

(603)885 -2072

9

ADMINISTRATION COMMITTEES -- James F Hadley

Committee l-A -- Organization Committee

Chairman John R Van de Houten of Bell Aerospace Company

The following is the status of the six Guidelines which are in various stages of completion

1 Guidelines for the Members Delegate Ready for dlstribution

2 Guidelines for the Secretariat Ready for Board of Directors review

3 Guidelines for the Nominations Committee Ready for Board of Directors review

4 Guidelines for Membership Acceptance Being reviewed by the Board of Directors

S Guidelines for the Conference Chairman The preliminary draft prepared by A J Noodlngton lS in the final stages of preparation by W Vandal I t should be ready for review by the Board of Directors sometime in October

6 Guidelines for Financial Operations A draft has been prepared by W McPhee and J Dandeneau and is being reviewed by Organization Committee It is expected that this will be ready for Board of Directors review by Octob e r

As you can see the efforts of last years committee and its chairman A J Woodington are nearing completion It is anti shycipated that all of the Gu i de Line s will be ready for distribushytion to holders of the NCSL Information Man uaI by the end of this year

No additional Guidelines are currently planned but suggestions for new ones are welcome

10

Committee 1-B -- Meetings and Program Committee

Chairman Orville Linebrink of Battelle Memorial Institute

Thirteen regional areas of NCSL membership were established and all but two of these areas have either held meetings or joined with adjacent area groups (See the following table for details) Reports from various attendees have been enthusiastically in favor of continuation of regional meetings at various suggested intershyvals The holding of one meeting per region per year seems a reasonable minimal goal The success of these meetings is entirely due to the efforts of the regional hosts All of these hosts are members of the MampP Committee For the year 1971 the regional hosts were enlisted by the chairman of the MampP Committee To provide good continuity these regional hosts who have held meetings should either be continued as hosts or have them become very active in securing a successor Cutbacks and restricted activity of company personnel has been a problem in some regions and further changes of this nature will be encountered Files of regional correspondence will be forwarded to the new chairman of the MampP Committee

The regional meetings programs have been greatly assisted by the Cost Reduction Committee Ralph Barra Chairman The NCSL Secretariat Office has been very cooperative in providing updated membership lists

The NCSL membership has been most cooperative in the regional meetings Every possible effort should be made to involve all members in some way Sharing of information through questionnaires from the MampP Committee to develop subject matter for local meetings in addition to national committee reports might be a useful tool for next year

11

RIDIONAL MEEI I NG SUMMARY

The following meetings have been held bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

Date Host Region Place Attendance

12-16-70 RJBarra 5 Westinghouse - Baltimore Md 10

3-11-71 GWVincent 11 Electro Scientific Industries 11 Portland Oregon

3-16 JDMitche11 13 Autonetics - Anaheim Calif 34

3-17 ERogers 5 USArmy Harry Diamond Lab 8 Washington DC

4-19 DAntonucci 2 Grumman Aerospace Corp 12 Bethpage NY

5-5 WHMcPhee 1 MIT Draper Lab - Cambridge lass 10

5-7 WMcDill 67 Martin Marietta Company 14 Orlando Fla

5-13 DJGreb 12 Lockheed - Sunnyvale Calif 20

5-20 RY Bailey 8 USAF - Newark Ohio 12

6-16 ERJohnson 5 USNavy - Washington DC 11

7-29 J DNitche11 13 Lobster House Marina Del Ray 28 Los Angeles Calif

9-15 JLee 5 Honeywell Inc - McLean Virginia 10

and the following meetings are pLanned ltII bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

Oct21 HSIngraham 3 RCA - Moorestown NJ Oct27 Novl

TdMcDill JAValentino

67 1

Martin Marietta Co - Orlando Fla l1rr Draper Labs Cambridge Mass

Nov4 DJGreb 12 IEM San Jose Calif Jan12 5 To be armounced

Refer to page 21 of March 71 NCSL Newsletter for map Attendance was not limited to just NCSL members Non-manbers were also

invited and encouraged to participate in the Cost Reduction Report program

To NCSL Me mbe ps

T py to attend y our next regionaZ meetin g

Conta ct yo u r c o opdi n a t or i f one isn t s e t y e t

12

Committee 1-C -- Finance Committee

Chairman D I Hervig of US Army Safeguard

The committee has prepared and submitted to the Board of Directors a proposed budget for calendar year 1972

Committee 1-D -- Nominations Committee

Chairman Mort Angelo of Lockheed--Ca1ifornia

Balloting for the 1971 election of officers was completed on September 10 1971 The committee is now conducting the balloting for Delegates

Commi ttee 1-E - - Honors and Awards Commi ttee

Chairman D J Greb of Lockheed

The committee will determine what awards should be presented at the Member Delegates assembly to be held in June 1972

Committee 1-F -- Audit Committee

Chairman James Dandeneau of Raytheon

An audit of financial records of the organization is being made prior to turning the books over to the newly elected Treas urer

13

PLANN ING CO MM I TTEE S -- Wm L Vandal

Committee 2 -A -- Lon g Range Planning

Chairman Wesley H McPhee of MIT Draper Laboratory

The Long Ran ge Planning Committe has received the compreshyhensive report compiled by last years committee John Van de Houten Chairman

The recommendations will be the main topic of discussion at the next meeting of the Board of Directors It is expected that priorities and goals will be established and a plan for implemenshytation will be decided upon

The new committeets task will be more clearly defined and it is hoped that the output of the committee will set an orderly pattern for continued growth during the coming five year period

Board memb ers are as ke d to prepare themselves for the meeting by a revi ew of the committee recommendations as received at the july meet ing New memb ers and those not present in July will receive copies prior to the scheduled meeting in October

Commi t t e e 2-B -- Na t i on a l Measurement Requirements Commi t t e e

Chairman Ray Bailey of AF Metrology Labs

The measurement requirements which generated from the questionnaire circulated in early 1970 were submitted to NBS on 5 May 1970 No resp onse was received from the NBS The listing of measurement requirements was resubmitted to the Office of Measurement Services on 25 June 1971 No other act ions have been taken by this committee

14

LABORATORY MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION CO~WITTEES -- R J Barra

Committee 3-A -- Measurement Comparison and Statistical Procedures

Committee

Chairman Herbert S Ingraham Jr of RCA

Scop~ To perform technical audits of the national measureshyment system through intercomparison programs and to report all data that result from these programs

The Ratio Comparison portion of the DC-Low Frequency group will be on the road by November 15 1971 The Resistance and Reactance group will also be on the road by November 15 1971

A new coordinator for the Microwave Components groups will be appointed by November 15 1971 also

President Hayes has asked that consideration be given to changing the objectives of this committee to come up with a plan that in lieu of administering the actual physical moveshyment of the comparison package and analyses of the data the committee act in a managerial capacity coming up with a Recomshymended Practice for participation and endorsement of measurement agreement programs and to work with NBS who could be adminisshytrator for the flow of the comparison packages

Committee 3-B -- Specifications Committee

Chairman Carl Boyer Jr of Honeywell Inc

The CALIBRATION SYSTEM SPECIFICATION has received final committee review and approval and is now in the hands of the NCSL Board of Directors for their approval prior to publication

Plans for future action include review and possible revision of the April 1969 Comp i Lat i ori of Government Specifications Affecting Calibration Laboratories and examination o~ the n~ed for and pos s ib le contento f a tl Glo s s ary of Terms Us ed In Spe CIshyfications Affecting Calibration Laboratories ll

15

national Conference 0 StanJarJltJ cfatoratoriej co NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS WASHINGTON D C 20234

PLEASE ADDRESS REPLY TO

Carl Boyer I Jr NCSL Specifications Committee

I Honeywell IncDATA NEEDE PO Box 391 Annapolis Maryland 21404

Committee 3B - Specifications I has been asked to generate a glossary of terms used in specifications controlling calibration activities

The intent of s uc h a document will be to

bull Compile a li st of terms having general application to calibration oriented specifications

bull Accumulate a vailable definitions

bull Establish recommended usage

To provide a u seful document I we need input representative of the total membership of NCSL If you have ever been confused by a spe c ific a t i on term (e g I calibration I accuracy I traceability) I you can help by sending your list to the committee

Se nd your list (de fi n itio n s a nd sources will al so be welcome) to the Spe c ifi shycations Co mmitte e at the Anna poli s address above

Your input will be a ppreciated

Si nc e r e ly

~ -a-7shyCa rl Boye r Jr Chairman Sp ecifi c a t io n s Commit t e e

C B skc

16

Committee 3-C -- Calibration Systems Management Committee

Chairman James A Valentino of Sanders Associates Inc

Scope To develop the management control techniques required for optimum performance of calibration systems to provide cost visibility to managers to provide means to achieve cost reducshytions without degradation of quality through improved methods and procedures

Many of the Cost Visibility Exchange Program reports are finalized and have been issued to participating member laboratories The reports are available to all NCSL member laboratories by request to the Chairman The remaining reports will be forthshycoming shortly

All member delegates are urged to study these reports for they contain informative data

As suggested in the June Newsletter there exists several areas where a particular manufacturers instrument represents a sizeable portion of the family type Table I on page 18 of this newsletter lists instruments of this type and any cost reduction techniques employed on these instruments would have tremendous impact when applied on a national basis

Several sub-committee chairmen are currently investigating procedures of laboratories displaying low calibrationmaintenance times on particular instruments Since calibrationmaintenance times are wide spread for various organizations a standard cali shybration procedure would have considerable cost saving potential

Call for CARR

Few Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports (CARR) were submitted during the past several months The problem was discussed at length at the July NCSL Board of Directors Meeting Discussion centered around the suggestion that one possible reason for a lack of participation by members was fear their management would force an operating reduction to match the doll ars saved I f this is the belief of some member delegates then I suggest these members review their worth to their organization We should all again read the Presidents commentary in the June NCSL Newsletter We must all make a more meaningful contribution to our respective organizations

The Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports have been somewhat simplified to save the originator time in calculating actual savings (See the new form on page 19 of this newsletter) The committee needs these reports if its goal is to be attained The regional coordinators have been the major contributors to date All members are urged to read the existing reports for utilization in their own organization

17

Take a few minutes and submit your idea to your regional coordinators -- NOW -- TODAY

Region I will conduct a Round Robin commencing October 4 1971 Seven (7) member laboratories will participate with Mr Joseph Cameron of NBS acting as monitor

J bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull a bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

MEASUREMENTS AGREEMENT ROUND ROBIN

One of the most significant outcomes of the First Region One NCSL Meeting was the planning and implementation of a Measurements Agreement Round Robin The Round Robin is scheduled to begin October 4th and be completed by November 22nd this year A second data taking run will begin December 6th and end January 31st Seven Major New England Firms have pledged their participation The overall objective is to determine how well each participating laboratory using its own methods and test instrumentation agree with each other All data is coded for obvious reasons The Youden Plot will be the mechanism used to obviate resultant data A meeting will be scheduled after the first data run to discuss any problem areas and to prepare for a second data run utilizing the same s t anda r ds package Participating members in the First Region One Measurements Agreement Round Robin are A Kalisky and H Tobe of AVCO -- Wilmington H Haymes and J Valentino of Sanders Assoc Inc R Fay and R Raposa of Raytheon Co Sub Sig Division R Kidd of Microwave Assoc J Dandeneau and C Morse of Raytheon Co Equipment Div Wes McPhee of MIT Draper Lab and Dr John Hirsch of General Radio Company

(See Calibration

INSTRUII~NT

Electronic Counter

Electronic Counter

Differential Voltmeter

Differential Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Generator

Generator

Generator

Oscillator

Oscillator

Oscilloscope

Osc i lloscope

Oscilloscope

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Pressure Gauge

Pressure Gauge

18

TABLE 1

Systems Management Committee

~IANUFACTunEH

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

John Fluke

John Fluke

Dana

Fairchild

Hewlett Packard

Non-Linear Systems

Hewlett Packard

IIewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Ilewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

nshcr-o r t

Kollsman

Report)

MODEL

524

5245L

80lB

803803B

5600

7050

34403440 series plug-in

481

205A

612A

620A

200CD

650A

175

535

545

CC A

D

lA Series

Various

Various

19 COST AVOIDANCEREDUCTION REPORT

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABOR ATORIES

REVA ORIGINA L SUBMITTAL

REFEREN CE NCSL REPORT NO

COMPA NY I DIVISI ON NCSL REPORT NO

TITLE DATE

OLD METHOD

NEW METHOD

ESTIMATED ACTUAL IF AVAILABLE

NUMBER OF UNITS INVOLVED

TIME SAVINGS PER UNIT mnhrs mnhrs

MAT ERIAL SAVINGS PER UNIT $ $

fiHER SAVINGS $ $

IMPLEMENT AT ION COST S $ $

CONT RIBUTOR IIMPLEMENTATION DAT E NCSL DELEG ATE SIGNATU RE

20

Committee 3-D -- Education and Training Committee

Chairman M H Brenner of The Boeing Company

Scope To provide instructions and procedures for the effective training and education of personnel for metrology laboratories

The Committee has obtained two texts and are reviewing them Concurrently two items of test equipment have been donated by the Beckman Instrument Company and are being processed by the Committees coordinator Dr Morgan Annual objectives have been revised such that the analysis and comment of training texts will be processed and made available to NCSL members as they are completed rather than one annual issue at the conclusion of the year The committee is now targeted to release two such analyses by November 15 1971

The Committee is still seeking members training texts for reviews and any surplus test equipment Contributions of potential members names books or surplus test equipment can be made to any of the listed committee members

M H Brenner Dr Donald E Morgan Head The Boeing Company Dept of Industrial Engineering Metrology Se r vi ce Calif State Polytechnic College Or gn 24720 ]vj S 2P12 San Luis Obispo Calif 93401 Seattle Washington 98124

Robert Wille t Dr Peter Stein Collins Radio Company Arizona State University Cedar Rapids Iowa 53406 Tempe Arizona 85281

D J Franke Carroll G Hughes 902 Appling Avenue Westinghouse Electric Corp Placentia Calif 92670 Box 746 -- MS 550

Baltimore Maryland 21203 Joseph Davis Bendix Company PO Box 1159 Kans as Ci t y Mo

21

COMMUNICATI ON S ampMARKETING COMMITTEES - - W H McPh ee

Committee 4-A -- News le t t e r Committe e

Chairman Wilbur An son of Na t i on a l Bu r eau o f Standards

This issue of th e Newsletter r ep orts f or itself -- issue was del ayed not by th e editor but b y the n ece ssity of wa i t i ng f o r el e ction r eturns on our off conference year May we make this an appe a l for mor e inputs from our membe r laboratori es del egates

Committe e 4-B - - Directory Committe e

Ch airman Le wi s Wears of John Hopkins University

Lewis r eports th e n ew directory to be r e ady for distribution in the v ery near future after a revision of information and f ee d i ng th e comp uter -- an operation that wi l l make futur e directori es e asi er to e d i t

Committ e e 4 -C -- Information Committee

Chairman Robert Verity o f Le eds ampNo r t h r up Co

Bob is now back in circulation followin g an ex t e n de d period of NCS L inactivity c a us e d by l abor probl ems within his c omp a ny

Committe e 4- D -- Calibration Procedures Committ e e

Chairman Martin Vyenielo of Lawrence Radi ation Labo r a t o r y

Marty was r ecently appointed t o the GIDEP Industry advisory bo ard with speci al interest in c alibration procedures distribushytion GIDEP i s working tow ard a pro gram to improve the calibration p ro ce du r e s quality and content They a re presently involved i n a se r ie s o f indoctrinati on clinics NCSL is cooperating in this by p re s e n t i ng the calibration p ro ce d ure s asp e c t of their e f f o r t To date Ch airman Vyeni e10 and Vice President Wesl ey Mc Phee have participated on the East and West coast -- other a reas are s che d ule d GIDEP welcomes ideas for improvin g the c a l i b r a t ion procedures distribution -- submit comments and ideas through the Ch airman or through the ALERT s ystem s et up for r eporting prob l em areas

22

Committ ee 4-E -- Recommended Practices Committe e

Chairman Elmo R Johnson of U S Navy

Al l r ecommended practices submitted have b een distributed for board members app r ov a l prior to gen e ral distribution for insertion in the information manu al in the near futur e El mo has ch anged h ats and is pres ently with the Navy Chief of Naval Material s 740 Crystal Plaza Jeffe r s on Davis Hi ghway Washington DC 20360

I~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbull middot~~~ bullbull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

CPEM 72

Conference on Pr ec i s i on Ele ctroma gnetic Measure ments wi l l b e held June 26 -29 197 2 at Boulder Colorado

A call for papers has been issued For information relatin g to the t echnical program write t o

Dr Harold S Boyne Radio Building Room 4075 Nat i on al Bureau of St anda r ds Boulder Colorado 80302

For gene r a l information on the Conference write to

Ge orge Goulette Director Bureau of Conferences and Institure s University of Colorado Boulder Col orado 8030 2

23

O I N T

MEASUREME T

ONFERENCE June 21-23 1972 at Boulder Colorado

STEERING COMMITTEE PLEASE REPLY TO

JOINT MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE A J Woodington Chaiman

rC~n poundr ~ 1 U tl3 f111 C5 ~Ofl a ~ Aogt n H p c e lt) ) PRESS RELEASE

Am~ -ic n Soc I e ty tor O II y (on p)1

A J oint Measurement Conference the first in a potential series will be held June 21-23 1972 at Boulder

Andrew F Dunn Colorado The keynote of the Conference - THE ROLE AND N H I 0 I ee s e a r c h Co nlt1 o f L ana d a

l n s t s t c t e fo r Ele trc 1 VALUE OF MEASUREMENT - is also the theme of the opening ~ tl ogttt ro n 1( l (l~l neer s

address to be presented by Lewis M Branscomb Director o f the National Bureau of Standards US Department of Conunerce

Ptr K Stein ( Afl lon a S t e t c Ul ~H ~ t ~)

IA~ t T urIle~ ~o C I j o le r lC The joint aspects of this Conference are indicated by the list of sponsors

Ameri can Society for Qua l i t y Control - Electronics W ilbur J Anson DivisionMetrology Technical Conunittee

( p I)n 1 ~u tJ u r ~ 1 ne l( j ~ rh t l o llal vc n t e r e nc e o j S l noj r d Le oo r Lor 11(1 Institute for Electrical and Electronics

Engineers-Group on Instrumentation and Measurement

A K Edgerton Instrument Society o f America-Metrology Division s e e c q ~ l o r e ll ~ n t 10 5 50gtlt I 1 10 11

National Bureau of Standards

National Conference of Standards Laboratories

Joseph M Cameron Precision Measurements Association gtjH Onl Bu-ta u o S la n(lardi

The purpose of the meeting is to promote the intershydisciplinary exchange of technical and managerial meas-

Helmut A Altschuler urement co n ce p t s The underlying theme i s that ideally l q ~~~ ~~~~f ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~ Technical personnel should utilize the Measurement

1l ~ ( V OrM 9 H ( H ~alulemeH ~ science concepts in all phases of product evolution shyresearch design devel opment manufacturing maintenance and quality control The techniques of a systems a p proach to accurate meaningful measurements will be emphasized as a powerful tool for both Management and Technical personnel The sessions will stress that many if not all measurement disciplines are required in the solution of softwarehardware oriented measurement problems

The Conference to be held at the NBS Boulder Laboratories is organized into 6 consecutive half-day sessions The general topic of the first day The Why of Measurement is explored in sessions on The Measurement Effort as a Resour ce for Management and as a Technical Res ource The How of Mea surement is covered in sessions on Physical Processes in Sensors Transducers Detectors and Intershydisciplinary Solutions to Problems and the Where of Measurement is discussed in sessions on Systems Metrology and Measurement-Oriented Engineers from our Campuses

Attendees of the Joint Measurement Con f e r e n c e have the opp o r t un i t y to take in a conference doubleheader as the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurement meets in Boulder June 26-29

24

STANDARDS LABORATORIES WITHER OR NOT

DO YOU HAVE A RE ACTION

President Hayes posed challenging questions in his editori al in the June NCSL News l e t t e r Essentially its a matter of standshyards labor atories demonstrating an impact upon their companys product For some st and ards laboratories it could be a matter of survival The crucial question is Can the qu ality and consistency of a companys product be maintained without the existence of a company standards laboratory

One type of r eaction containing a t echnical approach is contained in the letter Glenn Engen wr ote me How ab out it -shyDoes anyone else have a reaction to either the Hayes editorial my comments above or Glenn Engens l etter If so then write to me and maybe we can promote an interchange of viewpoints via the Newsletter

Wilbur Anson Edi tor

U OEPA TMENT OF COMMERCE Nationa l Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

To W J Anson Editor NCSL Newsletter

From G F En gen Electromagnetics Division NBS

Sub je c t Comment on Hayes Recent Edi t or i a l

President Hayes has pos ed a real chall en ge to those of us in st andards laboratories In a word the questi on is What c an we do to improve our relevance

The purp ose of this l etter is to call attention t o the r esults of s ome recent work at NBS which n ow makes pos s i b le a mor e meaningful interacti on between the calibration laborat ory an d the groups it serves

Historically a major obstacl e to this interaction has be en the connector problem Until r ecently p r e c i s Lon connect ors have been regarded as an e s s en t i al e le men t to accurat e measurements at UHF and microwave frequencies and their use has been adopted and promoted by standards laboratories

On the o t he r hand the field equipment is usually provided with a different c onn e ct or This confronts the us er with the probl em of e i t he r converting his e qu i pmen t to the pr e c i s i on connector or with an a dap t or e val uat ion prob Lem The f ormer s 01 ut ion II is

25

usually impossibl e for e con omi c or ot he r practical reasons while the probl ems asso c i a te d with adaptor evaluation tend t o negate the p otential con t r i bu t i on o f the calibrati on laborat ory As a cons equence there is a substanti al void between the world o f the standards laboratory and that of the fi eld us ers

As a r e sult of recent NBS e ff or t it is n ow possibl e for an important group o f measurement probl ems to provide the user with improved accuracy (o r accuracy potential) without imp osing th e condition that the conn e ctors on his equipment or gear be conshyverted to some p r e c i s i ori ( ) t yp e To be mor e sp eci fi c the measurement o f power and r elated p arameters can n ow be e ffected in a way which s ubs t an t i a l l y minimi ze s the dependenc e upon conshynector properti es In a recent e xp e r i men t fo r exampl e the ordin ary Type N connect or per formed as well as the GPC-7 an d sub stantially better than ce rtain Lmpro ve d Type N connectors

It must be a dmi t t e d however that the reali zation of this bene fit does call fo r s ome re-direction of existin g practice In parshyticular thi s ins ensitivity t o connector properti e s i s a ch ie ved on l y f or certain terminal i nva r i an t parameters o r meas ur an ds Thes e include f or e xample the e f fe ct i ve eff i c i en cy of a bol ometer mount but n ot the c a l i bra t i on f ac t or Apar t f rom the initi al chan ge ove r probl ems h owe ve r the us e of the terminal invariant parameters as the basis f or a cal i bra t i on service provide s certain advan t ages i n additi on t o e l i mi n a t ion of the precisi on connector requirement In particul ar a s ub s tan t i a l simpli fication in the proce dures for the evaluati on of mi smatch corrections i s re alized

By way o f comparis on it may be noted th at the e xi sting practice is heavily ori ented in the di recti on of telling the user how his de v i ce would behave in an ide al world (Name ly one where a ll other components are perfectl y matched or re flectionless and fitt ed with i deal connectors ) More ove r the standards lab orato r y usually e xp ends a substanti al eff or t to in sure th at its calibration systems c l ose ly appr oximate these criteria

Unfortunatel y the us er who wi shes t o make optimum use of s uch calibration r esults must f i r s t de t e r mi ne to what e x t en t his s ystem di ffers from thos e f oun d in the ideal world The answers t o thes e questions involve rtmismat ch co r re ct i on s Thes e in turn require compl e x impedance me asurements an d computations which are often be yond the field personnel

The implicit r eference to an i de a l worl d may b e avo i ded when terminal invari ant quantiti es are chos en as the b asis of th e calibration s ervice In particul ar the procedure is to cali shybr ate the di f f erent t ype s of components (eg b olometer mounts a t t enua t or s etc ) in t erms of cert ain fund amental properti es which are the same irre spective of the sys t em in which the component i s us ed and moreover which do not pre suppo se that the comp onent is f i t t ed with ide al wave guide l eads The

26

mismatch corrections now takes the form of evaluating cer t a i n Lnt e r ac t i on terms between the component and the system in which it is used Although this falls to the lot of the us r and does require some effort the requirement for complex impedance measurements has been eliminated When these proposed changes are adopted the role of the user who wishes to make the best use of the calibration results is thus simplified while the accuracy potential for the user who ignores these corrections is nominally the same

The theoretical background for these remarks will be found in the writers paper Powe r Equations A New Concept in the Descriptions and Evaluation of Microwave Systems (IEEE Trans on Instr and Meas Vol 1M-20 Feb 1971)

From wh a t has been said it will be recognized that the major thrust of this effort is to make better use of existing hardware rather than ti e improved accuracy to more stringent hardware specifications

Although the development and extension of these concepts is continuing at NBS the basic groundwork is well established and promises to play a major role in tomorrows I world It appears that the c a l i b r a t i on laboratories could provide a real service by introducing the user groups to these ideas

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

2

CONTENTS

NCSL Pre s id e nt s Comments

NCSL Board of Dir ectors M eeting shy July 1971 - - -

Page

1

4

c Board of Directors f or 1972

Committ ee Reports -

R egional Mee ting Summary

8

9

11

lt M easur ements Agr e ement Round R obin 17

gtlt Revised Cos t Avoid anc e R educ bon R eport

CPEM 72

Joint M easurements Conference

Standards Laboratories

A M etric America

1 9

22

23

24

27

lt Shade s of Nikola Te sla

ScienceEngine ering Information shy

New Time Signals on Telephoneshy

NBS To Broad cast New Time S cale

31

31

32

33

T echnical R eferences - - - - - - 34

NCSL NEWSLETTER

ED ITORIAL PANEL IAIL ING ADDRESS

W J Ans on - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Edi t o r NCS L Secre t a r ia t W F Sny de r - - - -- - - - ----Associ a te Edi to r Na ti onal Bureau o f Standa r ds - 200 0 l R J Bar r a -- - - - --- --- - - - - - - - - - -Reviewer Wash ington D C 20 234 J F Hadle y-- -- -------- - - -- - - - - Re vi ewer W H McP hee - - - -- - - - - -- - -- - - - ---Re viewe r The NCSL News l etter is publi sh ed qu a rt shyW L Vanda l - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- - Re vi ewer e r ly in Boulde r Colo by the Nat io na l

Confe re nce of Standar ds Laborat or i es I t i s s en t to NCSL- Membe r Org aniza t io ns

NCS L OFFICERS and to a s pecia l l i st ing of ac t i vi ties and key pers onn el whos e work i s c lo s e ly

J L Hayes-- - ------ - - ---- -- -- - President r el ate d t o that o f NCSL Non -NCSL- memshyF J Dyce -- - - - -- -- - - - --Exec Vi ce - Pres ber s ubsc r i p t ion s a re a vailabl e f or $10 M T Ange l 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Se c r e t a r y per yea r Ext ra co pi es of an i ssue may D r Hervi g------------------ -Tr e asurer be ob tai ne d a t $2 50 each Remi t tances

s hould be made d i r ect ly to th e NCSL Secreta ri at

3

Continued activity on measurement agreement comparshyIsons

Distribution of two tentative recommended practices

Regret For the things that didnt get done For my fading in the stretch and not pushing other jobs to conshyclusion that are presently hung up at various stages in the pipeline I apologize for having left these loose ends to the hands ofthe next president

Gratitude For the constant feeling of support that I had from all of you Where you could each of you reached out to help Where you couldnt you were each honest enough to tell me precisely that and to do whatever you could do within the limits of your job situation and your personal responsibilities I am especially grateful for all the fine people who directly aided me during the past two years -- too many to name here but consisting of dedicated Member Delegates Committee Chairman and Members Officers and Board of Directors and particularly the Secreshytariat

Confidence That Frank Dyce your new President and the newly elected officers and Board of Directors will do a fine job for NCSL in the future Frank plans a board meeting in the very near future to reassess the objectives of NCSL and get more products on the street for the members as well as the major effort connected with the Joint Measurement Conference next June in Boulder

Hope For the future of NCSL each Member and each Member Delegate There is a great deal that we can conshytinue to do with our resources so long as we inshyvolve those resources where it really counts But attitude can spell the difference between winning and losing We are a unique organization we should lead in a unique way -- with confidence statesmanshyship and sound managerial acumen

It has indeed been a pleasure serving you I have gained a great deal from the experience I hope I have given in return Good luck and may God bless you all

~~~ JERRY L HA~

4

NCSL BOARD MEETING

July 1971

Seated left to right

Bill Vandall Marty Vyenielo Jim Hadley Mort Angelo Dave Mitchell Wes McPhee Steve Kozich Ralph Barra Je rry Hayes

St anding le ft to right

Carl Boyer Harvey Lance Don Grebb Frank Dy ce Don Hervig

5

BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING

A meeting of the NCSL Board of Directors was held on the first

and second of July at the Navy Metrology Engineering Center in

Pomona California Attendees included the following

Officers

President Jerry L Hayes (US Navy Pomona California) Executive Vice President Frank J Dyce (Martin Marietta) Vice Presidents

Wesley H McPhee (MIT Draper Laboratory) James F Hadley (Bendix Corporation) Ralph J Barra (Westinghouse Electric Corporation) William L Vandal (McDonnell Douglas)

Past President Harvey W Lance (OTDOC) Treasurer Don I Hervig (US Army Safeguard Systems Command) Secretary Mort T Angelo (Lockheed-California Company)

Committee Chairmen

Steve Kozich (Weights amp Measures Week) Atlantic Research Corp J D Mitchell (Membership) NRAutonetics Don Greb (Honors amp Awards) Lockheed Missiles amp Space Company Carl Boyer (Specifications) Honeywell Inc Marty Vyenielo (Calibration Procedures) Lawrence Radiation Lab Wilbur Anson~ Editor Newsletter NBS Boulder Colorado

Highlights of the meeting are as follows

Membership Committee ChairmanJD Mitchell reported that there are presently 174 pa id up memberships This is a small drop and is probably caused by the overall business retrenchment and the canceling out of multiple memberships within a corporashytion Discussion was held as to the methods which could be employed to obtain the greatest possible participation in the organizations having severa l divisions but only one Corporate Delegate An assignment was given to Frank Dyce to stUdy the feasibility of a Corporate or Associate membership which would allow NCSL to get back into direct contact with companies or divisions of corporations that may not be participating in NCSL activities - as a means of broadening our influence rather than from a financial gain Also to investigate the participation of non-member delegates in our existing organization the extent to which they are now participating and the extent to which they should participate

6

In the absence of Herb Ingraham Ralph Barra made the r e po rt on the activities of the Measurement Comparison and Stat ist i cal Procedures Committee Following discussions 0 t he report President Hayes recommended that considera tio n be given to changing the objective of this c ommi t t e e t o come up wi t h a plan that in lieu of admi niste ring the actua l p ys ic ~ l moveshyment of the comparison packages and ana lyses o f the da t a the committee act in a manage r i a c a pacity c o mi ng up with a Recommended Practice for part i c i patio n a nd e ndorsement of measurement agreement programs a nd t o wor w th N BS who could be administrator for t he fl ow of the comparison packages

Ralph Barra reported o n the Re g onal meetings and empha s ized the need to get me mbers to submit the i r c o s t savings i de a s to the coordinators The reticence on the p a r t of members to submit cost savings for fear the i r management would press for a reduction to match the dol l a r s claimed caused considerable discussion which resulted in a n assignment to be made to the committee to review the means b y which they ade cost savings Visible Maybe the units of mea s u r e me n t are erroneous perhaps they should be shown in t e r ms of increased productivity and goals set

Don Hervig proposed that NCSL cons i de r establishing an annual scholarship The Education a n d Tr a i n i ng Committee was a s ke d to look into a scholarship or e qu i va ent on an annual bas i s Determine methods of qualifica t i on selection and whether the recipient should be a school or an individual

Newsletter Editor Anson annOUD e d that the Associate Editor Wilbur Snyder would be retir i ng in c t o be r a nd the Editor would therefore need someo ne t o he lp with future Newsshyletters (Note Any Colorado De l e g a t e s are urged to contact Wilbur Anson to serve in this capac i t y )

Mr Anson made a report on t he ac t i v i ti e s in reference to the Current Awareness Service He s t a t e d that there were 43 paid subscribers which was below forec as t ilbu r asked for assistance in making known t o ind i vi du a s o r companies the efforts of the Current Awarenes s Serv i ce by submitting to him the names of potential users He wi l l then forward publicity releases to them As an aid to i nc r e a s i ng distribution of the publication it was suggested that perhaps a name change emphasizing in the title that othe r areas besi es electroshymagnetic metro l ogy were inc Iud d Wes McPhee was given the assignment to have his informa t i o committee get i n touch with Wilbur Anson and work ou t a plan for the more effective marketing of the publication Th e Board approved $1000 for continued support of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service publication

7

Wilbur Anson b r i e f e d the Board o n the progress of the Joint Measure ment Conference to be he l d in Boulder Colorado in June 197 2 A mo t i o n to support the conference to the amount o f $1 000 wa s made and approved by Board ac t i on Jim Hadley made an appeal for speakers who cou l d prese n t a speech covering the basic tipic Measurement Ef f o rt as a Resou r c e for Manageshyment He prefers someone not f r m Ae r os ac e or DO D He is to be contacted directly with a ny ug ge s t ed names

Wes McPhee reported on the status o f the 9 7 Di r e c t o r y and indicated that it was almost rea d y to go to p r e s s

The new Chairman of the Calibrat i o n Procedure Co mmi t t e e Mary Vyenielo made an extensive report on the state of the GIDEP library Considerable discussion was held on the purging and updating of the existing procedures

The recommended Practices Committee under Elmo Johnson will soon release the Calibration Systems Specification for review by the Board of Directors If approved by the Board it will be released as a Tentative Recommended Practice

President Hayes requested Bill Vandal to have his committee working on the metric system conversion study to come forth with an impact report by October 1st

Steve Kozich made a report on the Weights and Measures Week He stated that it was his opinion that we should exert ourselves to push an d pub I icize Weights and Measures Week since it helps our profession It really brings to light the benefits of the metrologist in calibration technology etc Steve made a very interesting presentation on the history of the National Weights and Measures Week He recommends that we include in NCSL in some manner the Chiefs of the Bureau o f Weights and Measures of all the states His reasoning is t ha t they control the laws for measurement Frank Dyce was given the assignment to have the Membership Committee draft a letter to the States Chie~of Weights and Measures inviting them to join NCSL Letters to be signed by NCSL President

President Hayes recommended that t he Long Range Planning Committee should be a function of the Exec u t ive Vice President and should include the Past Presidents He would also have at his disposal the full Board

Wes McPhee was requested to put together a Recommended Practice procedure for the equipment storage and retirement of test equipment

8

BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR 1972

Pre s ident

Fr ank J Dy ce Martin Mar ie t t a Corporation Mail Point 498 P O Box 5837 Orlando Florida 32805

( 305) 855- 6100 Ext 4488

Executive Vice President

Ral ph Barra We st i ng ho use El ec t ri c Corpo rat ion Mai l Stop 504 Box 746 Bal timore Maryland 21203

(301)765 -4560

Vice Pr esidents

Ray Y Bailey USAF Calibration ampMetrology Di v Newa r k Ai r Force Base Newa r k Ohio 43055

(614)3 44- 2171 Ext 670

J D Mi t che ll D369 C02 Aut one t i cs 3370 Mira10ma Aven ue Anahe im Cali fornia 9 2803

( 714) 632- 3685

Donal d J Greb Lock heed Missiles ampSpace Company Sunnyvale California 94088

(408)742 - 5774

Wesley H McPhee M I T Draper Laboratory 224 Albany Street Cambridge Mass 0213 5

(617) 864 -6900 Ext 2460

Se cr e t a r y

Mort Ange 10 Lockheed-California Company PO Box 551 Burb ank Cali f orni a 915 03

(2 13) 847- 2342

Treasurer Paul H Hunter Western Elect ric Company I nc Depa rtment 12 WL 31262 3300 Lexington Road Winston-Salem N C 27102

(919) 784 -3117

Sponsors De le gate Joseph M Cameron Institute for Bas ic St an dar ds Nat i on al Bureau of Standards Washington D C 20234

(3 01) 92 1-2 805

Past Pres iden t

Jer ry L Hayes US Navy Plant Repre sentat ive Met rology En gi nee r i n g Center 16 75 W Mi ss ion Blvd PO Box 2507 Pomona Calif 91766

( 714) 629 - 5111 Ext 3010

Dele gate s

Mr Carl Boye r Jr Honeywell I n c Test I ns t r umen t s Divi sion P O Box 391 Annapolis Maryland 21404

( 301)263- 2661

Mr Don I Her vig US Ar my Safe guar d Systems Command P O Box 1500 -- SSC- LLM Huntsville Al abama 35807

(2 05) 895- 3750

Mr Maurice J Sexey E G amp G I n c Mai 1 Stop P- 03 680 E Sunset Road Las Vegas Nevada 89101

(702)736-8111 Ext 427

Mr Richard Boyce I dah o Nuclear Standards Labo ratory Idaho Nucle ar Corporation P O Box 1845 I daho Fall s Idaho 83401

( 20 8) 522 - 6640 Ext 2470

Mr James A Valen t i no Sanders As s oc i at e s In c 95 Canal Street Nas hua New Hampshire 03060

(603)885 -2072

9

ADMINISTRATION COMMITTEES -- James F Hadley

Committee l-A -- Organization Committee

Chairman John R Van de Houten of Bell Aerospace Company

The following is the status of the six Guidelines which are in various stages of completion

1 Guidelines for the Members Delegate Ready for dlstribution

2 Guidelines for the Secretariat Ready for Board of Directors review

3 Guidelines for the Nominations Committee Ready for Board of Directors review

4 Guidelines for Membership Acceptance Being reviewed by the Board of Directors

S Guidelines for the Conference Chairman The preliminary draft prepared by A J Noodlngton lS in the final stages of preparation by W Vandal I t should be ready for review by the Board of Directors sometime in October

6 Guidelines for Financial Operations A draft has been prepared by W McPhee and J Dandeneau and is being reviewed by Organization Committee It is expected that this will be ready for Board of Directors review by Octob e r

As you can see the efforts of last years committee and its chairman A J Woodington are nearing completion It is anti shycipated that all of the Gu i de Line s will be ready for distribushytion to holders of the NCSL Information Man uaI by the end of this year

No additional Guidelines are currently planned but suggestions for new ones are welcome

10

Committee 1-B -- Meetings and Program Committee

Chairman Orville Linebrink of Battelle Memorial Institute

Thirteen regional areas of NCSL membership were established and all but two of these areas have either held meetings or joined with adjacent area groups (See the following table for details) Reports from various attendees have been enthusiastically in favor of continuation of regional meetings at various suggested intershyvals The holding of one meeting per region per year seems a reasonable minimal goal The success of these meetings is entirely due to the efforts of the regional hosts All of these hosts are members of the MampP Committee For the year 1971 the regional hosts were enlisted by the chairman of the MampP Committee To provide good continuity these regional hosts who have held meetings should either be continued as hosts or have them become very active in securing a successor Cutbacks and restricted activity of company personnel has been a problem in some regions and further changes of this nature will be encountered Files of regional correspondence will be forwarded to the new chairman of the MampP Committee

The regional meetings programs have been greatly assisted by the Cost Reduction Committee Ralph Barra Chairman The NCSL Secretariat Office has been very cooperative in providing updated membership lists

The NCSL membership has been most cooperative in the regional meetings Every possible effort should be made to involve all members in some way Sharing of information through questionnaires from the MampP Committee to develop subject matter for local meetings in addition to national committee reports might be a useful tool for next year

11

RIDIONAL MEEI I NG SUMMARY

The following meetings have been held bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

Date Host Region Place Attendance

12-16-70 RJBarra 5 Westinghouse - Baltimore Md 10

3-11-71 GWVincent 11 Electro Scientific Industries 11 Portland Oregon

3-16 JDMitche11 13 Autonetics - Anaheim Calif 34

3-17 ERogers 5 USArmy Harry Diamond Lab 8 Washington DC

4-19 DAntonucci 2 Grumman Aerospace Corp 12 Bethpage NY

5-5 WHMcPhee 1 MIT Draper Lab - Cambridge lass 10

5-7 WMcDill 67 Martin Marietta Company 14 Orlando Fla

5-13 DJGreb 12 Lockheed - Sunnyvale Calif 20

5-20 RY Bailey 8 USAF - Newark Ohio 12

6-16 ERJohnson 5 USNavy - Washington DC 11

7-29 J DNitche11 13 Lobster House Marina Del Ray 28 Los Angeles Calif

9-15 JLee 5 Honeywell Inc - McLean Virginia 10

and the following meetings are pLanned ltII bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

Oct21 HSIngraham 3 RCA - Moorestown NJ Oct27 Novl

TdMcDill JAValentino

67 1

Martin Marietta Co - Orlando Fla l1rr Draper Labs Cambridge Mass

Nov4 DJGreb 12 IEM San Jose Calif Jan12 5 To be armounced

Refer to page 21 of March 71 NCSL Newsletter for map Attendance was not limited to just NCSL members Non-manbers were also

invited and encouraged to participate in the Cost Reduction Report program

To NCSL Me mbe ps

T py to attend y our next regionaZ meetin g

Conta ct yo u r c o opdi n a t or i f one isn t s e t y e t

12

Committee 1-C -- Finance Committee

Chairman D I Hervig of US Army Safeguard

The committee has prepared and submitted to the Board of Directors a proposed budget for calendar year 1972

Committee 1-D -- Nominations Committee

Chairman Mort Angelo of Lockheed--Ca1ifornia

Balloting for the 1971 election of officers was completed on September 10 1971 The committee is now conducting the balloting for Delegates

Commi ttee 1-E - - Honors and Awards Commi ttee

Chairman D J Greb of Lockheed

The committee will determine what awards should be presented at the Member Delegates assembly to be held in June 1972

Committee 1-F -- Audit Committee

Chairman James Dandeneau of Raytheon

An audit of financial records of the organization is being made prior to turning the books over to the newly elected Treas urer

13

PLANN ING CO MM I TTEE S -- Wm L Vandal

Committee 2 -A -- Lon g Range Planning

Chairman Wesley H McPhee of MIT Draper Laboratory

The Long Ran ge Planning Committe has received the compreshyhensive report compiled by last years committee John Van de Houten Chairman

The recommendations will be the main topic of discussion at the next meeting of the Board of Directors It is expected that priorities and goals will be established and a plan for implemenshytation will be decided upon

The new committeets task will be more clearly defined and it is hoped that the output of the committee will set an orderly pattern for continued growth during the coming five year period

Board memb ers are as ke d to prepare themselves for the meeting by a revi ew of the committee recommendations as received at the july meet ing New memb ers and those not present in July will receive copies prior to the scheduled meeting in October

Commi t t e e 2-B -- Na t i on a l Measurement Requirements Commi t t e e

Chairman Ray Bailey of AF Metrology Labs

The measurement requirements which generated from the questionnaire circulated in early 1970 were submitted to NBS on 5 May 1970 No resp onse was received from the NBS The listing of measurement requirements was resubmitted to the Office of Measurement Services on 25 June 1971 No other act ions have been taken by this committee

14

LABORATORY MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION CO~WITTEES -- R J Barra

Committee 3-A -- Measurement Comparison and Statistical Procedures

Committee

Chairman Herbert S Ingraham Jr of RCA

Scop~ To perform technical audits of the national measureshyment system through intercomparison programs and to report all data that result from these programs

The Ratio Comparison portion of the DC-Low Frequency group will be on the road by November 15 1971 The Resistance and Reactance group will also be on the road by November 15 1971

A new coordinator for the Microwave Components groups will be appointed by November 15 1971 also

President Hayes has asked that consideration be given to changing the objectives of this committee to come up with a plan that in lieu of administering the actual physical moveshyment of the comparison package and analyses of the data the committee act in a managerial capacity coming up with a Recomshymended Practice for participation and endorsement of measurement agreement programs and to work with NBS who could be adminisshytrator for the flow of the comparison packages

Committee 3-B -- Specifications Committee

Chairman Carl Boyer Jr of Honeywell Inc

The CALIBRATION SYSTEM SPECIFICATION has received final committee review and approval and is now in the hands of the NCSL Board of Directors for their approval prior to publication

Plans for future action include review and possible revision of the April 1969 Comp i Lat i ori of Government Specifications Affecting Calibration Laboratories and examination o~ the n~ed for and pos s ib le contento f a tl Glo s s ary of Terms Us ed In Spe CIshyfications Affecting Calibration Laboratories ll

15

national Conference 0 StanJarJltJ cfatoratoriej co NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS WASHINGTON D C 20234

PLEASE ADDRESS REPLY TO

Carl Boyer I Jr NCSL Specifications Committee

I Honeywell IncDATA NEEDE PO Box 391 Annapolis Maryland 21404

Committee 3B - Specifications I has been asked to generate a glossary of terms used in specifications controlling calibration activities

The intent of s uc h a document will be to

bull Compile a li st of terms having general application to calibration oriented specifications

bull Accumulate a vailable definitions

bull Establish recommended usage

To provide a u seful document I we need input representative of the total membership of NCSL If you have ever been confused by a spe c ific a t i on term (e g I calibration I accuracy I traceability) I you can help by sending your list to the committee

Se nd your list (de fi n itio n s a nd sources will al so be welcome) to the Spe c ifi shycations Co mmitte e at the Anna poli s address above

Your input will be a ppreciated

Si nc e r e ly

~ -a-7shyCa rl Boye r Jr Chairman Sp ecifi c a t io n s Commit t e e

C B skc

16

Committee 3-C -- Calibration Systems Management Committee

Chairman James A Valentino of Sanders Associates Inc

Scope To develop the management control techniques required for optimum performance of calibration systems to provide cost visibility to managers to provide means to achieve cost reducshytions without degradation of quality through improved methods and procedures

Many of the Cost Visibility Exchange Program reports are finalized and have been issued to participating member laboratories The reports are available to all NCSL member laboratories by request to the Chairman The remaining reports will be forthshycoming shortly

All member delegates are urged to study these reports for they contain informative data

As suggested in the June Newsletter there exists several areas where a particular manufacturers instrument represents a sizeable portion of the family type Table I on page 18 of this newsletter lists instruments of this type and any cost reduction techniques employed on these instruments would have tremendous impact when applied on a national basis

Several sub-committee chairmen are currently investigating procedures of laboratories displaying low calibrationmaintenance times on particular instruments Since calibrationmaintenance times are wide spread for various organizations a standard cali shybration procedure would have considerable cost saving potential

Call for CARR

Few Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports (CARR) were submitted during the past several months The problem was discussed at length at the July NCSL Board of Directors Meeting Discussion centered around the suggestion that one possible reason for a lack of participation by members was fear their management would force an operating reduction to match the doll ars saved I f this is the belief of some member delegates then I suggest these members review their worth to their organization We should all again read the Presidents commentary in the June NCSL Newsletter We must all make a more meaningful contribution to our respective organizations

The Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports have been somewhat simplified to save the originator time in calculating actual savings (See the new form on page 19 of this newsletter) The committee needs these reports if its goal is to be attained The regional coordinators have been the major contributors to date All members are urged to read the existing reports for utilization in their own organization

17

Take a few minutes and submit your idea to your regional coordinators -- NOW -- TODAY

Region I will conduct a Round Robin commencing October 4 1971 Seven (7) member laboratories will participate with Mr Joseph Cameron of NBS acting as monitor

J bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull a bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

MEASUREMENTS AGREEMENT ROUND ROBIN

One of the most significant outcomes of the First Region One NCSL Meeting was the planning and implementation of a Measurements Agreement Round Robin The Round Robin is scheduled to begin October 4th and be completed by November 22nd this year A second data taking run will begin December 6th and end January 31st Seven Major New England Firms have pledged their participation The overall objective is to determine how well each participating laboratory using its own methods and test instrumentation agree with each other All data is coded for obvious reasons The Youden Plot will be the mechanism used to obviate resultant data A meeting will be scheduled after the first data run to discuss any problem areas and to prepare for a second data run utilizing the same s t anda r ds package Participating members in the First Region One Measurements Agreement Round Robin are A Kalisky and H Tobe of AVCO -- Wilmington H Haymes and J Valentino of Sanders Assoc Inc R Fay and R Raposa of Raytheon Co Sub Sig Division R Kidd of Microwave Assoc J Dandeneau and C Morse of Raytheon Co Equipment Div Wes McPhee of MIT Draper Lab and Dr John Hirsch of General Radio Company

(See Calibration

INSTRUII~NT

Electronic Counter

Electronic Counter

Differential Voltmeter

Differential Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Generator

Generator

Generator

Oscillator

Oscillator

Oscilloscope

Osc i lloscope

Oscilloscope

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Pressure Gauge

Pressure Gauge

18

TABLE 1

Systems Management Committee

~IANUFACTunEH

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

John Fluke

John Fluke

Dana

Fairchild

Hewlett Packard

Non-Linear Systems

Hewlett Packard

IIewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Ilewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

nshcr-o r t

Kollsman

Report)

MODEL

524

5245L

80lB

803803B

5600

7050

34403440 series plug-in

481

205A

612A

620A

200CD

650A

175

535

545

CC A

D

lA Series

Various

Various

19 COST AVOIDANCEREDUCTION REPORT

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABOR ATORIES

REVA ORIGINA L SUBMITTAL

REFEREN CE NCSL REPORT NO

COMPA NY I DIVISI ON NCSL REPORT NO

TITLE DATE

OLD METHOD

NEW METHOD

ESTIMATED ACTUAL IF AVAILABLE

NUMBER OF UNITS INVOLVED

TIME SAVINGS PER UNIT mnhrs mnhrs

MAT ERIAL SAVINGS PER UNIT $ $

fiHER SAVINGS $ $

IMPLEMENT AT ION COST S $ $

CONT RIBUTOR IIMPLEMENTATION DAT E NCSL DELEG ATE SIGNATU RE

20

Committee 3-D -- Education and Training Committee

Chairman M H Brenner of The Boeing Company

Scope To provide instructions and procedures for the effective training and education of personnel for metrology laboratories

The Committee has obtained two texts and are reviewing them Concurrently two items of test equipment have been donated by the Beckman Instrument Company and are being processed by the Committees coordinator Dr Morgan Annual objectives have been revised such that the analysis and comment of training texts will be processed and made available to NCSL members as they are completed rather than one annual issue at the conclusion of the year The committee is now targeted to release two such analyses by November 15 1971

The Committee is still seeking members training texts for reviews and any surplus test equipment Contributions of potential members names books or surplus test equipment can be made to any of the listed committee members

M H Brenner Dr Donald E Morgan Head The Boeing Company Dept of Industrial Engineering Metrology Se r vi ce Calif State Polytechnic College Or gn 24720 ]vj S 2P12 San Luis Obispo Calif 93401 Seattle Washington 98124

Robert Wille t Dr Peter Stein Collins Radio Company Arizona State University Cedar Rapids Iowa 53406 Tempe Arizona 85281

D J Franke Carroll G Hughes 902 Appling Avenue Westinghouse Electric Corp Placentia Calif 92670 Box 746 -- MS 550

Baltimore Maryland 21203 Joseph Davis Bendix Company PO Box 1159 Kans as Ci t y Mo

21

COMMUNICATI ON S ampMARKETING COMMITTEES - - W H McPh ee

Committee 4-A -- News le t t e r Committe e

Chairman Wilbur An son of Na t i on a l Bu r eau o f Standards

This issue of th e Newsletter r ep orts f or itself -- issue was del ayed not by th e editor but b y the n ece ssity of wa i t i ng f o r el e ction r eturns on our off conference year May we make this an appe a l for mor e inputs from our membe r laboratori es del egates

Committe e 4-B - - Directory Committe e

Ch airman Le wi s Wears of John Hopkins University

Lewis r eports th e n ew directory to be r e ady for distribution in the v ery near future after a revision of information and f ee d i ng th e comp uter -- an operation that wi l l make futur e directori es e asi er to e d i t

Committ e e 4 -C -- Information Committee

Chairman Robert Verity o f Le eds ampNo r t h r up Co

Bob is now back in circulation followin g an ex t e n de d period of NCS L inactivity c a us e d by l abor probl ems within his c omp a ny

Committe e 4- D -- Calibration Procedures Committ e e

Chairman Martin Vyenielo of Lawrence Radi ation Labo r a t o r y

Marty was r ecently appointed t o the GIDEP Industry advisory bo ard with speci al interest in c alibration procedures distribushytion GIDEP i s working tow ard a pro gram to improve the calibration p ro ce du r e s quality and content They a re presently involved i n a se r ie s o f indoctrinati on clinics NCSL is cooperating in this by p re s e n t i ng the calibration p ro ce d ure s asp e c t of their e f f o r t To date Ch airman Vyeni e10 and Vice President Wesl ey Mc Phee have participated on the East and West coast -- other a reas are s che d ule d GIDEP welcomes ideas for improvin g the c a l i b r a t ion procedures distribution -- submit comments and ideas through the Ch airman or through the ALERT s ystem s et up for r eporting prob l em areas

22

Committ ee 4-E -- Recommended Practices Committe e

Chairman Elmo R Johnson of U S Navy

Al l r ecommended practices submitted have b een distributed for board members app r ov a l prior to gen e ral distribution for insertion in the information manu al in the near futur e El mo has ch anged h ats and is pres ently with the Navy Chief of Naval Material s 740 Crystal Plaza Jeffe r s on Davis Hi ghway Washington DC 20360

I~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbull middot~~~ bullbull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

CPEM 72

Conference on Pr ec i s i on Ele ctroma gnetic Measure ments wi l l b e held June 26 -29 197 2 at Boulder Colorado

A call for papers has been issued For information relatin g to the t echnical program write t o

Dr Harold S Boyne Radio Building Room 4075 Nat i on al Bureau of St anda r ds Boulder Colorado 80302

For gene r a l information on the Conference write to

Ge orge Goulette Director Bureau of Conferences and Institure s University of Colorado Boulder Col orado 8030 2

23

O I N T

MEASUREME T

ONFERENCE June 21-23 1972 at Boulder Colorado

STEERING COMMITTEE PLEASE REPLY TO

JOINT MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE A J Woodington Chaiman

rC~n poundr ~ 1 U tl3 f111 C5 ~Ofl a ~ Aogt n H p c e lt) ) PRESS RELEASE

Am~ -ic n Soc I e ty tor O II y (on p)1

A J oint Measurement Conference the first in a potential series will be held June 21-23 1972 at Boulder

Andrew F Dunn Colorado The keynote of the Conference - THE ROLE AND N H I 0 I ee s e a r c h Co nlt1 o f L ana d a

l n s t s t c t e fo r Ele trc 1 VALUE OF MEASUREMENT - is also the theme of the opening ~ tl ogttt ro n 1( l (l~l neer s

address to be presented by Lewis M Branscomb Director o f the National Bureau of Standards US Department of Conunerce

Ptr K Stein ( Afl lon a S t e t c Ul ~H ~ t ~)

IA~ t T urIle~ ~o C I j o le r lC The joint aspects of this Conference are indicated by the list of sponsors

Ameri can Society for Qua l i t y Control - Electronics W ilbur J Anson DivisionMetrology Technical Conunittee

( p I)n 1 ~u tJ u r ~ 1 ne l( j ~ rh t l o llal vc n t e r e nc e o j S l noj r d Le oo r Lor 11(1 Institute for Electrical and Electronics

Engineers-Group on Instrumentation and Measurement

A K Edgerton Instrument Society o f America-Metrology Division s e e c q ~ l o r e ll ~ n t 10 5 50gtlt I 1 10 11

National Bureau of Standards

National Conference of Standards Laboratories

Joseph M Cameron Precision Measurements Association gtjH Onl Bu-ta u o S la n(lardi

The purpose of the meeting is to promote the intershydisciplinary exchange of technical and managerial meas-

Helmut A Altschuler urement co n ce p t s The underlying theme i s that ideally l q ~~~ ~~~~f ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~ Technical personnel should utilize the Measurement

1l ~ ( V OrM 9 H ( H ~alulemeH ~ science concepts in all phases of product evolution shyresearch design devel opment manufacturing maintenance and quality control The techniques of a systems a p proach to accurate meaningful measurements will be emphasized as a powerful tool for both Management and Technical personnel The sessions will stress that many if not all measurement disciplines are required in the solution of softwarehardware oriented measurement problems

The Conference to be held at the NBS Boulder Laboratories is organized into 6 consecutive half-day sessions The general topic of the first day The Why of Measurement is explored in sessions on The Measurement Effort as a Resour ce for Management and as a Technical Res ource The How of Mea surement is covered in sessions on Physical Processes in Sensors Transducers Detectors and Intershydisciplinary Solutions to Problems and the Where of Measurement is discussed in sessions on Systems Metrology and Measurement-Oriented Engineers from our Campuses

Attendees of the Joint Measurement Con f e r e n c e have the opp o r t un i t y to take in a conference doubleheader as the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurement meets in Boulder June 26-29

24

STANDARDS LABORATORIES WITHER OR NOT

DO YOU HAVE A RE ACTION

President Hayes posed challenging questions in his editori al in the June NCSL News l e t t e r Essentially its a matter of standshyards labor atories demonstrating an impact upon their companys product For some st and ards laboratories it could be a matter of survival The crucial question is Can the qu ality and consistency of a companys product be maintained without the existence of a company standards laboratory

One type of r eaction containing a t echnical approach is contained in the letter Glenn Engen wr ote me How ab out it -shyDoes anyone else have a reaction to either the Hayes editorial my comments above or Glenn Engens l etter If so then write to me and maybe we can promote an interchange of viewpoints via the Newsletter

Wilbur Anson Edi tor

U OEPA TMENT OF COMMERCE Nationa l Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

To W J Anson Editor NCSL Newsletter

From G F En gen Electromagnetics Division NBS

Sub je c t Comment on Hayes Recent Edi t or i a l

President Hayes has pos ed a real chall en ge to those of us in st andards laboratories In a word the questi on is What c an we do to improve our relevance

The purp ose of this l etter is to call attention t o the r esults of s ome recent work at NBS which n ow makes pos s i b le a mor e meaningful interacti on between the calibration laborat ory an d the groups it serves

Historically a major obstacl e to this interaction has be en the connector problem Until r ecently p r e c i s Lon connect ors have been regarded as an e s s en t i al e le men t to accurat e measurements at UHF and microwave frequencies and their use has been adopted and promoted by standards laboratories

On the o t he r hand the field equipment is usually provided with a different c onn e ct or This confronts the us er with the probl em of e i t he r converting his e qu i pmen t to the pr e c i s i on connector or with an a dap t or e val uat ion prob Lem The f ormer s 01 ut ion II is

25

usually impossibl e for e con omi c or ot he r practical reasons while the probl ems asso c i a te d with adaptor evaluation tend t o negate the p otential con t r i bu t i on o f the calibrati on laborat ory As a cons equence there is a substanti al void between the world o f the standards laboratory and that of the fi eld us ers

As a r e sult of recent NBS e ff or t it is n ow possibl e for an important group o f measurement probl ems to provide the user with improved accuracy (o r accuracy potential) without imp osing th e condition that the conn e ctors on his equipment or gear be conshyverted to some p r e c i s i ori ( ) t yp e To be mor e sp eci fi c the measurement o f power and r elated p arameters can n ow be e ffected in a way which s ubs t an t i a l l y minimi ze s the dependenc e upon conshynector properti es In a recent e xp e r i men t fo r exampl e the ordin ary Type N connect or per formed as well as the GPC-7 an d sub stantially better than ce rtain Lmpro ve d Type N connectors

It must be a dmi t t e d however that the reali zation of this bene fit does call fo r s ome re-direction of existin g practice In parshyticular thi s ins ensitivity t o connector properti e s i s a ch ie ved on l y f or certain terminal i nva r i an t parameters o r meas ur an ds Thes e include f or e xample the e f fe ct i ve eff i c i en cy of a bol ometer mount but n ot the c a l i bra t i on f ac t or Apar t f rom the initi al chan ge ove r probl ems h owe ve r the us e of the terminal invariant parameters as the basis f or a cal i bra t i on service provide s certain advan t ages i n additi on t o e l i mi n a t ion of the precisi on connector requirement In particul ar a s ub s tan t i a l simpli fication in the proce dures for the evaluati on of mi smatch corrections i s re alized

By way o f comparis on it may be noted th at the e xi sting practice is heavily ori ented in the di recti on of telling the user how his de v i ce would behave in an ide al world (Name ly one where a ll other components are perfectl y matched or re flectionless and fitt ed with i deal connectors ) More ove r the standards lab orato r y usually e xp ends a substanti al eff or t to in sure th at its calibration systems c l ose ly appr oximate these criteria

Unfortunatel y the us er who wi shes t o make optimum use of s uch calibration r esults must f i r s t de t e r mi ne to what e x t en t his s ystem di ffers from thos e f oun d in the ideal world The answers t o thes e questions involve rtmismat ch co r re ct i on s Thes e in turn require compl e x impedance me asurements an d computations which are often be yond the field personnel

The implicit r eference to an i de a l worl d may b e avo i ded when terminal invari ant quantiti es are chos en as the b asis of th e calibration s ervice In particul ar the procedure is to cali shybr ate the di f f erent t ype s of components (eg b olometer mounts a t t enua t or s etc ) in t erms of cert ain fund amental properti es which are the same irre spective of the sys t em in which the component i s us ed and moreover which do not pre suppo se that the comp onent is f i t t ed with ide al wave guide l eads The

26

mismatch corrections now takes the form of evaluating cer t a i n Lnt e r ac t i on terms between the component and the system in which it is used Although this falls to the lot of the us r and does require some effort the requirement for complex impedance measurements has been eliminated When these proposed changes are adopted the role of the user who wishes to make the best use of the calibration results is thus simplified while the accuracy potential for the user who ignores these corrections is nominally the same

The theoretical background for these remarks will be found in the writers paper Powe r Equations A New Concept in the Descriptions and Evaluation of Microwave Systems (IEEE Trans on Instr and Meas Vol 1M-20 Feb 1971)

From wh a t has been said it will be recognized that the major thrust of this effort is to make better use of existing hardware rather than ti e improved accuracy to more stringent hardware specifications

Although the development and extension of these concepts is continuing at NBS the basic groundwork is well established and promises to play a major role in tomorrows I world It appears that the c a l i b r a t i on laboratories could provide a real service by introducing the user groups to these ideas

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

3

Continued activity on measurement agreement comparshyIsons

Distribution of two tentative recommended practices

Regret For the things that didnt get done For my fading in the stretch and not pushing other jobs to conshyclusion that are presently hung up at various stages in the pipeline I apologize for having left these loose ends to the hands ofthe next president

Gratitude For the constant feeling of support that I had from all of you Where you could each of you reached out to help Where you couldnt you were each honest enough to tell me precisely that and to do whatever you could do within the limits of your job situation and your personal responsibilities I am especially grateful for all the fine people who directly aided me during the past two years -- too many to name here but consisting of dedicated Member Delegates Committee Chairman and Members Officers and Board of Directors and particularly the Secreshytariat

Confidence That Frank Dyce your new President and the newly elected officers and Board of Directors will do a fine job for NCSL in the future Frank plans a board meeting in the very near future to reassess the objectives of NCSL and get more products on the street for the members as well as the major effort connected with the Joint Measurement Conference next June in Boulder

Hope For the future of NCSL each Member and each Member Delegate There is a great deal that we can conshytinue to do with our resources so long as we inshyvolve those resources where it really counts But attitude can spell the difference between winning and losing We are a unique organization we should lead in a unique way -- with confidence statesmanshyship and sound managerial acumen

It has indeed been a pleasure serving you I have gained a great deal from the experience I hope I have given in return Good luck and may God bless you all

~~~ JERRY L HA~

4

NCSL BOARD MEETING

July 1971

Seated left to right

Bill Vandall Marty Vyenielo Jim Hadley Mort Angelo Dave Mitchell Wes McPhee Steve Kozich Ralph Barra Je rry Hayes

St anding le ft to right

Carl Boyer Harvey Lance Don Grebb Frank Dy ce Don Hervig

5

BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING

A meeting of the NCSL Board of Directors was held on the first

and second of July at the Navy Metrology Engineering Center in

Pomona California Attendees included the following

Officers

President Jerry L Hayes (US Navy Pomona California) Executive Vice President Frank J Dyce (Martin Marietta) Vice Presidents

Wesley H McPhee (MIT Draper Laboratory) James F Hadley (Bendix Corporation) Ralph J Barra (Westinghouse Electric Corporation) William L Vandal (McDonnell Douglas)

Past President Harvey W Lance (OTDOC) Treasurer Don I Hervig (US Army Safeguard Systems Command) Secretary Mort T Angelo (Lockheed-California Company)

Committee Chairmen

Steve Kozich (Weights amp Measures Week) Atlantic Research Corp J D Mitchell (Membership) NRAutonetics Don Greb (Honors amp Awards) Lockheed Missiles amp Space Company Carl Boyer (Specifications) Honeywell Inc Marty Vyenielo (Calibration Procedures) Lawrence Radiation Lab Wilbur Anson~ Editor Newsletter NBS Boulder Colorado

Highlights of the meeting are as follows

Membership Committee ChairmanJD Mitchell reported that there are presently 174 pa id up memberships This is a small drop and is probably caused by the overall business retrenchment and the canceling out of multiple memberships within a corporashytion Discussion was held as to the methods which could be employed to obtain the greatest possible participation in the organizations having severa l divisions but only one Corporate Delegate An assignment was given to Frank Dyce to stUdy the feasibility of a Corporate or Associate membership which would allow NCSL to get back into direct contact with companies or divisions of corporations that may not be participating in NCSL activities - as a means of broadening our influence rather than from a financial gain Also to investigate the participation of non-member delegates in our existing organization the extent to which they are now participating and the extent to which they should participate

6

In the absence of Herb Ingraham Ralph Barra made the r e po rt on the activities of the Measurement Comparison and Stat ist i cal Procedures Committee Following discussions 0 t he report President Hayes recommended that considera tio n be given to changing the objective of this c ommi t t e e t o come up wi t h a plan that in lieu of admi niste ring the actua l p ys ic ~ l moveshyment of the comparison packages and ana lyses o f the da t a the committee act in a manage r i a c a pacity c o mi ng up with a Recommended Practice for part i c i patio n a nd e ndorsement of measurement agreement programs a nd t o wor w th N BS who could be administrator for t he fl ow of the comparison packages

Ralph Barra reported o n the Re g onal meetings and empha s ized the need to get me mbers to submit the i r c o s t savings i de a s to the coordinators The reticence on the p a r t of members to submit cost savings for fear the i r management would press for a reduction to match the dol l a r s claimed caused considerable discussion which resulted in a n assignment to be made to the committee to review the means b y which they ade cost savings Visible Maybe the units of mea s u r e me n t are erroneous perhaps they should be shown in t e r ms of increased productivity and goals set

Don Hervig proposed that NCSL cons i de r establishing an annual scholarship The Education a n d Tr a i n i ng Committee was a s ke d to look into a scholarship or e qu i va ent on an annual bas i s Determine methods of qualifica t i on selection and whether the recipient should be a school or an individual

Newsletter Editor Anson annOUD e d that the Associate Editor Wilbur Snyder would be retir i ng in c t o be r a nd the Editor would therefore need someo ne t o he lp with future Newsshyletters (Note Any Colorado De l e g a t e s are urged to contact Wilbur Anson to serve in this capac i t y )

Mr Anson made a report on t he ac t i v i ti e s in reference to the Current Awareness Service He s t a t e d that there were 43 paid subscribers which was below forec as t ilbu r asked for assistance in making known t o ind i vi du a s o r companies the efforts of the Current Awarenes s Serv i ce by submitting to him the names of potential users He wi l l then forward publicity releases to them As an aid to i nc r e a s i ng distribution of the publication it was suggested that perhaps a name change emphasizing in the title that othe r areas besi es electroshymagnetic metro l ogy were inc Iud d Wes McPhee was given the assignment to have his informa t i o committee get i n touch with Wilbur Anson and work ou t a plan for the more effective marketing of the publication Th e Board approved $1000 for continued support of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service publication

7

Wilbur Anson b r i e f e d the Board o n the progress of the Joint Measure ment Conference to be he l d in Boulder Colorado in June 197 2 A mo t i o n to support the conference to the amount o f $1 000 wa s made and approved by Board ac t i on Jim Hadley made an appeal for speakers who cou l d prese n t a speech covering the basic tipic Measurement Ef f o rt as a Resou r c e for Manageshyment He prefers someone not f r m Ae r os ac e or DO D He is to be contacted directly with a ny ug ge s t ed names

Wes McPhee reported on the status o f the 9 7 Di r e c t o r y and indicated that it was almost rea d y to go to p r e s s

The new Chairman of the Calibrat i o n Procedure Co mmi t t e e Mary Vyenielo made an extensive report on the state of the GIDEP library Considerable discussion was held on the purging and updating of the existing procedures

The recommended Practices Committee under Elmo Johnson will soon release the Calibration Systems Specification for review by the Board of Directors If approved by the Board it will be released as a Tentative Recommended Practice

President Hayes requested Bill Vandal to have his committee working on the metric system conversion study to come forth with an impact report by October 1st

Steve Kozich made a report on the Weights and Measures Week He stated that it was his opinion that we should exert ourselves to push an d pub I icize Weights and Measures Week since it helps our profession It really brings to light the benefits of the metrologist in calibration technology etc Steve made a very interesting presentation on the history of the National Weights and Measures Week He recommends that we include in NCSL in some manner the Chiefs of the Bureau o f Weights and Measures of all the states His reasoning is t ha t they control the laws for measurement Frank Dyce was given the assignment to have the Membership Committee draft a letter to the States Chie~of Weights and Measures inviting them to join NCSL Letters to be signed by NCSL President

President Hayes recommended that t he Long Range Planning Committee should be a function of the Exec u t ive Vice President and should include the Past Presidents He would also have at his disposal the full Board

Wes McPhee was requested to put together a Recommended Practice procedure for the equipment storage and retirement of test equipment

8

BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR 1972

Pre s ident

Fr ank J Dy ce Martin Mar ie t t a Corporation Mail Point 498 P O Box 5837 Orlando Florida 32805

( 305) 855- 6100 Ext 4488

Executive Vice President

Ral ph Barra We st i ng ho use El ec t ri c Corpo rat ion Mai l Stop 504 Box 746 Bal timore Maryland 21203

(301)765 -4560

Vice Pr esidents

Ray Y Bailey USAF Calibration ampMetrology Di v Newa r k Ai r Force Base Newa r k Ohio 43055

(614)3 44- 2171 Ext 670

J D Mi t che ll D369 C02 Aut one t i cs 3370 Mira10ma Aven ue Anahe im Cali fornia 9 2803

( 714) 632- 3685

Donal d J Greb Lock heed Missiles ampSpace Company Sunnyvale California 94088

(408)742 - 5774

Wesley H McPhee M I T Draper Laboratory 224 Albany Street Cambridge Mass 0213 5

(617) 864 -6900 Ext 2460

Se cr e t a r y

Mort Ange 10 Lockheed-California Company PO Box 551 Burb ank Cali f orni a 915 03

(2 13) 847- 2342

Treasurer Paul H Hunter Western Elect ric Company I nc Depa rtment 12 WL 31262 3300 Lexington Road Winston-Salem N C 27102

(919) 784 -3117

Sponsors De le gate Joseph M Cameron Institute for Bas ic St an dar ds Nat i on al Bureau of Standards Washington D C 20234

(3 01) 92 1-2 805

Past Pres iden t

Jer ry L Hayes US Navy Plant Repre sentat ive Met rology En gi nee r i n g Center 16 75 W Mi ss ion Blvd PO Box 2507 Pomona Calif 91766

( 714) 629 - 5111 Ext 3010

Dele gate s

Mr Carl Boye r Jr Honeywell I n c Test I ns t r umen t s Divi sion P O Box 391 Annapolis Maryland 21404

( 301)263- 2661

Mr Don I Her vig US Ar my Safe guar d Systems Command P O Box 1500 -- SSC- LLM Huntsville Al abama 35807

(2 05) 895- 3750

Mr Maurice J Sexey E G amp G I n c Mai 1 Stop P- 03 680 E Sunset Road Las Vegas Nevada 89101

(702)736-8111 Ext 427

Mr Richard Boyce I dah o Nuclear Standards Labo ratory Idaho Nucle ar Corporation P O Box 1845 I daho Fall s Idaho 83401

( 20 8) 522 - 6640 Ext 2470

Mr James A Valen t i no Sanders As s oc i at e s In c 95 Canal Street Nas hua New Hampshire 03060

(603)885 -2072

9

ADMINISTRATION COMMITTEES -- James F Hadley

Committee l-A -- Organization Committee

Chairman John R Van de Houten of Bell Aerospace Company

The following is the status of the six Guidelines which are in various stages of completion

1 Guidelines for the Members Delegate Ready for dlstribution

2 Guidelines for the Secretariat Ready for Board of Directors review

3 Guidelines for the Nominations Committee Ready for Board of Directors review

4 Guidelines for Membership Acceptance Being reviewed by the Board of Directors

S Guidelines for the Conference Chairman The preliminary draft prepared by A J Noodlngton lS in the final stages of preparation by W Vandal I t should be ready for review by the Board of Directors sometime in October

6 Guidelines for Financial Operations A draft has been prepared by W McPhee and J Dandeneau and is being reviewed by Organization Committee It is expected that this will be ready for Board of Directors review by Octob e r

As you can see the efforts of last years committee and its chairman A J Woodington are nearing completion It is anti shycipated that all of the Gu i de Line s will be ready for distribushytion to holders of the NCSL Information Man uaI by the end of this year

No additional Guidelines are currently planned but suggestions for new ones are welcome

10

Committee 1-B -- Meetings and Program Committee

Chairman Orville Linebrink of Battelle Memorial Institute

Thirteen regional areas of NCSL membership were established and all but two of these areas have either held meetings or joined with adjacent area groups (See the following table for details) Reports from various attendees have been enthusiastically in favor of continuation of regional meetings at various suggested intershyvals The holding of one meeting per region per year seems a reasonable minimal goal The success of these meetings is entirely due to the efforts of the regional hosts All of these hosts are members of the MampP Committee For the year 1971 the regional hosts were enlisted by the chairman of the MampP Committee To provide good continuity these regional hosts who have held meetings should either be continued as hosts or have them become very active in securing a successor Cutbacks and restricted activity of company personnel has been a problem in some regions and further changes of this nature will be encountered Files of regional correspondence will be forwarded to the new chairman of the MampP Committee

The regional meetings programs have been greatly assisted by the Cost Reduction Committee Ralph Barra Chairman The NCSL Secretariat Office has been very cooperative in providing updated membership lists

The NCSL membership has been most cooperative in the regional meetings Every possible effort should be made to involve all members in some way Sharing of information through questionnaires from the MampP Committee to develop subject matter for local meetings in addition to national committee reports might be a useful tool for next year

11

RIDIONAL MEEI I NG SUMMARY

The following meetings have been held bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

Date Host Region Place Attendance

12-16-70 RJBarra 5 Westinghouse - Baltimore Md 10

3-11-71 GWVincent 11 Electro Scientific Industries 11 Portland Oregon

3-16 JDMitche11 13 Autonetics - Anaheim Calif 34

3-17 ERogers 5 USArmy Harry Diamond Lab 8 Washington DC

4-19 DAntonucci 2 Grumman Aerospace Corp 12 Bethpage NY

5-5 WHMcPhee 1 MIT Draper Lab - Cambridge lass 10

5-7 WMcDill 67 Martin Marietta Company 14 Orlando Fla

5-13 DJGreb 12 Lockheed - Sunnyvale Calif 20

5-20 RY Bailey 8 USAF - Newark Ohio 12

6-16 ERJohnson 5 USNavy - Washington DC 11

7-29 J DNitche11 13 Lobster House Marina Del Ray 28 Los Angeles Calif

9-15 JLee 5 Honeywell Inc - McLean Virginia 10

and the following meetings are pLanned ltII bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

Oct21 HSIngraham 3 RCA - Moorestown NJ Oct27 Novl

TdMcDill JAValentino

67 1

Martin Marietta Co - Orlando Fla l1rr Draper Labs Cambridge Mass

Nov4 DJGreb 12 IEM San Jose Calif Jan12 5 To be armounced

Refer to page 21 of March 71 NCSL Newsletter for map Attendance was not limited to just NCSL members Non-manbers were also

invited and encouraged to participate in the Cost Reduction Report program

To NCSL Me mbe ps

T py to attend y our next regionaZ meetin g

Conta ct yo u r c o opdi n a t or i f one isn t s e t y e t

12

Committee 1-C -- Finance Committee

Chairman D I Hervig of US Army Safeguard

The committee has prepared and submitted to the Board of Directors a proposed budget for calendar year 1972

Committee 1-D -- Nominations Committee

Chairman Mort Angelo of Lockheed--Ca1ifornia

Balloting for the 1971 election of officers was completed on September 10 1971 The committee is now conducting the balloting for Delegates

Commi ttee 1-E - - Honors and Awards Commi ttee

Chairman D J Greb of Lockheed

The committee will determine what awards should be presented at the Member Delegates assembly to be held in June 1972

Committee 1-F -- Audit Committee

Chairman James Dandeneau of Raytheon

An audit of financial records of the organization is being made prior to turning the books over to the newly elected Treas urer

13

PLANN ING CO MM I TTEE S -- Wm L Vandal

Committee 2 -A -- Lon g Range Planning

Chairman Wesley H McPhee of MIT Draper Laboratory

The Long Ran ge Planning Committe has received the compreshyhensive report compiled by last years committee John Van de Houten Chairman

The recommendations will be the main topic of discussion at the next meeting of the Board of Directors It is expected that priorities and goals will be established and a plan for implemenshytation will be decided upon

The new committeets task will be more clearly defined and it is hoped that the output of the committee will set an orderly pattern for continued growth during the coming five year period

Board memb ers are as ke d to prepare themselves for the meeting by a revi ew of the committee recommendations as received at the july meet ing New memb ers and those not present in July will receive copies prior to the scheduled meeting in October

Commi t t e e 2-B -- Na t i on a l Measurement Requirements Commi t t e e

Chairman Ray Bailey of AF Metrology Labs

The measurement requirements which generated from the questionnaire circulated in early 1970 were submitted to NBS on 5 May 1970 No resp onse was received from the NBS The listing of measurement requirements was resubmitted to the Office of Measurement Services on 25 June 1971 No other act ions have been taken by this committee

14

LABORATORY MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION CO~WITTEES -- R J Barra

Committee 3-A -- Measurement Comparison and Statistical Procedures

Committee

Chairman Herbert S Ingraham Jr of RCA

Scop~ To perform technical audits of the national measureshyment system through intercomparison programs and to report all data that result from these programs

The Ratio Comparison portion of the DC-Low Frequency group will be on the road by November 15 1971 The Resistance and Reactance group will also be on the road by November 15 1971

A new coordinator for the Microwave Components groups will be appointed by November 15 1971 also

President Hayes has asked that consideration be given to changing the objectives of this committee to come up with a plan that in lieu of administering the actual physical moveshyment of the comparison package and analyses of the data the committee act in a managerial capacity coming up with a Recomshymended Practice for participation and endorsement of measurement agreement programs and to work with NBS who could be adminisshytrator for the flow of the comparison packages

Committee 3-B -- Specifications Committee

Chairman Carl Boyer Jr of Honeywell Inc

The CALIBRATION SYSTEM SPECIFICATION has received final committee review and approval and is now in the hands of the NCSL Board of Directors for their approval prior to publication

Plans for future action include review and possible revision of the April 1969 Comp i Lat i ori of Government Specifications Affecting Calibration Laboratories and examination o~ the n~ed for and pos s ib le contento f a tl Glo s s ary of Terms Us ed In Spe CIshyfications Affecting Calibration Laboratories ll

15

national Conference 0 StanJarJltJ cfatoratoriej co NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS WASHINGTON D C 20234

PLEASE ADDRESS REPLY TO

Carl Boyer I Jr NCSL Specifications Committee

I Honeywell IncDATA NEEDE PO Box 391 Annapolis Maryland 21404

Committee 3B - Specifications I has been asked to generate a glossary of terms used in specifications controlling calibration activities

The intent of s uc h a document will be to

bull Compile a li st of terms having general application to calibration oriented specifications

bull Accumulate a vailable definitions

bull Establish recommended usage

To provide a u seful document I we need input representative of the total membership of NCSL If you have ever been confused by a spe c ific a t i on term (e g I calibration I accuracy I traceability) I you can help by sending your list to the committee

Se nd your list (de fi n itio n s a nd sources will al so be welcome) to the Spe c ifi shycations Co mmitte e at the Anna poli s address above

Your input will be a ppreciated

Si nc e r e ly

~ -a-7shyCa rl Boye r Jr Chairman Sp ecifi c a t io n s Commit t e e

C B skc

16

Committee 3-C -- Calibration Systems Management Committee

Chairman James A Valentino of Sanders Associates Inc

Scope To develop the management control techniques required for optimum performance of calibration systems to provide cost visibility to managers to provide means to achieve cost reducshytions without degradation of quality through improved methods and procedures

Many of the Cost Visibility Exchange Program reports are finalized and have been issued to participating member laboratories The reports are available to all NCSL member laboratories by request to the Chairman The remaining reports will be forthshycoming shortly

All member delegates are urged to study these reports for they contain informative data

As suggested in the June Newsletter there exists several areas where a particular manufacturers instrument represents a sizeable portion of the family type Table I on page 18 of this newsletter lists instruments of this type and any cost reduction techniques employed on these instruments would have tremendous impact when applied on a national basis

Several sub-committee chairmen are currently investigating procedures of laboratories displaying low calibrationmaintenance times on particular instruments Since calibrationmaintenance times are wide spread for various organizations a standard cali shybration procedure would have considerable cost saving potential

Call for CARR

Few Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports (CARR) were submitted during the past several months The problem was discussed at length at the July NCSL Board of Directors Meeting Discussion centered around the suggestion that one possible reason for a lack of participation by members was fear their management would force an operating reduction to match the doll ars saved I f this is the belief of some member delegates then I suggest these members review their worth to their organization We should all again read the Presidents commentary in the June NCSL Newsletter We must all make a more meaningful contribution to our respective organizations

The Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports have been somewhat simplified to save the originator time in calculating actual savings (See the new form on page 19 of this newsletter) The committee needs these reports if its goal is to be attained The regional coordinators have been the major contributors to date All members are urged to read the existing reports for utilization in their own organization

17

Take a few minutes and submit your idea to your regional coordinators -- NOW -- TODAY

Region I will conduct a Round Robin commencing October 4 1971 Seven (7) member laboratories will participate with Mr Joseph Cameron of NBS acting as monitor

J bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull a bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

MEASUREMENTS AGREEMENT ROUND ROBIN

One of the most significant outcomes of the First Region One NCSL Meeting was the planning and implementation of a Measurements Agreement Round Robin The Round Robin is scheduled to begin October 4th and be completed by November 22nd this year A second data taking run will begin December 6th and end January 31st Seven Major New England Firms have pledged their participation The overall objective is to determine how well each participating laboratory using its own methods and test instrumentation agree with each other All data is coded for obvious reasons The Youden Plot will be the mechanism used to obviate resultant data A meeting will be scheduled after the first data run to discuss any problem areas and to prepare for a second data run utilizing the same s t anda r ds package Participating members in the First Region One Measurements Agreement Round Robin are A Kalisky and H Tobe of AVCO -- Wilmington H Haymes and J Valentino of Sanders Assoc Inc R Fay and R Raposa of Raytheon Co Sub Sig Division R Kidd of Microwave Assoc J Dandeneau and C Morse of Raytheon Co Equipment Div Wes McPhee of MIT Draper Lab and Dr John Hirsch of General Radio Company

(See Calibration

INSTRUII~NT

Electronic Counter

Electronic Counter

Differential Voltmeter

Differential Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Generator

Generator

Generator

Oscillator

Oscillator

Oscilloscope

Osc i lloscope

Oscilloscope

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Pressure Gauge

Pressure Gauge

18

TABLE 1

Systems Management Committee

~IANUFACTunEH

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

John Fluke

John Fluke

Dana

Fairchild

Hewlett Packard

Non-Linear Systems

Hewlett Packard

IIewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Ilewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

nshcr-o r t

Kollsman

Report)

MODEL

524

5245L

80lB

803803B

5600

7050

34403440 series plug-in

481

205A

612A

620A

200CD

650A

175

535

545

CC A

D

lA Series

Various

Various

19 COST AVOIDANCEREDUCTION REPORT

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABOR ATORIES

REVA ORIGINA L SUBMITTAL

REFEREN CE NCSL REPORT NO

COMPA NY I DIVISI ON NCSL REPORT NO

TITLE DATE

OLD METHOD

NEW METHOD

ESTIMATED ACTUAL IF AVAILABLE

NUMBER OF UNITS INVOLVED

TIME SAVINGS PER UNIT mnhrs mnhrs

MAT ERIAL SAVINGS PER UNIT $ $

fiHER SAVINGS $ $

IMPLEMENT AT ION COST S $ $

CONT RIBUTOR IIMPLEMENTATION DAT E NCSL DELEG ATE SIGNATU RE

20

Committee 3-D -- Education and Training Committee

Chairman M H Brenner of The Boeing Company

Scope To provide instructions and procedures for the effective training and education of personnel for metrology laboratories

The Committee has obtained two texts and are reviewing them Concurrently two items of test equipment have been donated by the Beckman Instrument Company and are being processed by the Committees coordinator Dr Morgan Annual objectives have been revised such that the analysis and comment of training texts will be processed and made available to NCSL members as they are completed rather than one annual issue at the conclusion of the year The committee is now targeted to release two such analyses by November 15 1971

The Committee is still seeking members training texts for reviews and any surplus test equipment Contributions of potential members names books or surplus test equipment can be made to any of the listed committee members

M H Brenner Dr Donald E Morgan Head The Boeing Company Dept of Industrial Engineering Metrology Se r vi ce Calif State Polytechnic College Or gn 24720 ]vj S 2P12 San Luis Obispo Calif 93401 Seattle Washington 98124

Robert Wille t Dr Peter Stein Collins Radio Company Arizona State University Cedar Rapids Iowa 53406 Tempe Arizona 85281

D J Franke Carroll G Hughes 902 Appling Avenue Westinghouse Electric Corp Placentia Calif 92670 Box 746 -- MS 550

Baltimore Maryland 21203 Joseph Davis Bendix Company PO Box 1159 Kans as Ci t y Mo

21

COMMUNICATI ON S ampMARKETING COMMITTEES - - W H McPh ee

Committee 4-A -- News le t t e r Committe e

Chairman Wilbur An son of Na t i on a l Bu r eau o f Standards

This issue of th e Newsletter r ep orts f or itself -- issue was del ayed not by th e editor but b y the n ece ssity of wa i t i ng f o r el e ction r eturns on our off conference year May we make this an appe a l for mor e inputs from our membe r laboratori es del egates

Committe e 4-B - - Directory Committe e

Ch airman Le wi s Wears of John Hopkins University

Lewis r eports th e n ew directory to be r e ady for distribution in the v ery near future after a revision of information and f ee d i ng th e comp uter -- an operation that wi l l make futur e directori es e asi er to e d i t

Committ e e 4 -C -- Information Committee

Chairman Robert Verity o f Le eds ampNo r t h r up Co

Bob is now back in circulation followin g an ex t e n de d period of NCS L inactivity c a us e d by l abor probl ems within his c omp a ny

Committe e 4- D -- Calibration Procedures Committ e e

Chairman Martin Vyenielo of Lawrence Radi ation Labo r a t o r y

Marty was r ecently appointed t o the GIDEP Industry advisory bo ard with speci al interest in c alibration procedures distribushytion GIDEP i s working tow ard a pro gram to improve the calibration p ro ce du r e s quality and content They a re presently involved i n a se r ie s o f indoctrinati on clinics NCSL is cooperating in this by p re s e n t i ng the calibration p ro ce d ure s asp e c t of their e f f o r t To date Ch airman Vyeni e10 and Vice President Wesl ey Mc Phee have participated on the East and West coast -- other a reas are s che d ule d GIDEP welcomes ideas for improvin g the c a l i b r a t ion procedures distribution -- submit comments and ideas through the Ch airman or through the ALERT s ystem s et up for r eporting prob l em areas

22

Committ ee 4-E -- Recommended Practices Committe e

Chairman Elmo R Johnson of U S Navy

Al l r ecommended practices submitted have b een distributed for board members app r ov a l prior to gen e ral distribution for insertion in the information manu al in the near futur e El mo has ch anged h ats and is pres ently with the Navy Chief of Naval Material s 740 Crystal Plaza Jeffe r s on Davis Hi ghway Washington DC 20360

I~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbull middot~~~ bullbull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

CPEM 72

Conference on Pr ec i s i on Ele ctroma gnetic Measure ments wi l l b e held June 26 -29 197 2 at Boulder Colorado

A call for papers has been issued For information relatin g to the t echnical program write t o

Dr Harold S Boyne Radio Building Room 4075 Nat i on al Bureau of St anda r ds Boulder Colorado 80302

For gene r a l information on the Conference write to

Ge orge Goulette Director Bureau of Conferences and Institure s University of Colorado Boulder Col orado 8030 2

23

O I N T

MEASUREME T

ONFERENCE June 21-23 1972 at Boulder Colorado

STEERING COMMITTEE PLEASE REPLY TO

JOINT MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE A J Woodington Chaiman

rC~n poundr ~ 1 U tl3 f111 C5 ~Ofl a ~ Aogt n H p c e lt) ) PRESS RELEASE

Am~ -ic n Soc I e ty tor O II y (on p)1

A J oint Measurement Conference the first in a potential series will be held June 21-23 1972 at Boulder

Andrew F Dunn Colorado The keynote of the Conference - THE ROLE AND N H I 0 I ee s e a r c h Co nlt1 o f L ana d a

l n s t s t c t e fo r Ele trc 1 VALUE OF MEASUREMENT - is also the theme of the opening ~ tl ogttt ro n 1( l (l~l neer s

address to be presented by Lewis M Branscomb Director o f the National Bureau of Standards US Department of Conunerce

Ptr K Stein ( Afl lon a S t e t c Ul ~H ~ t ~)

IA~ t T urIle~ ~o C I j o le r lC The joint aspects of this Conference are indicated by the list of sponsors

Ameri can Society for Qua l i t y Control - Electronics W ilbur J Anson DivisionMetrology Technical Conunittee

( p I)n 1 ~u tJ u r ~ 1 ne l( j ~ rh t l o llal vc n t e r e nc e o j S l noj r d Le oo r Lor 11(1 Institute for Electrical and Electronics

Engineers-Group on Instrumentation and Measurement

A K Edgerton Instrument Society o f America-Metrology Division s e e c q ~ l o r e ll ~ n t 10 5 50gtlt I 1 10 11

National Bureau of Standards

National Conference of Standards Laboratories

Joseph M Cameron Precision Measurements Association gtjH Onl Bu-ta u o S la n(lardi

The purpose of the meeting is to promote the intershydisciplinary exchange of technical and managerial meas-

Helmut A Altschuler urement co n ce p t s The underlying theme i s that ideally l q ~~~ ~~~~f ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~ Technical personnel should utilize the Measurement

1l ~ ( V OrM 9 H ( H ~alulemeH ~ science concepts in all phases of product evolution shyresearch design devel opment manufacturing maintenance and quality control The techniques of a systems a p proach to accurate meaningful measurements will be emphasized as a powerful tool for both Management and Technical personnel The sessions will stress that many if not all measurement disciplines are required in the solution of softwarehardware oriented measurement problems

The Conference to be held at the NBS Boulder Laboratories is organized into 6 consecutive half-day sessions The general topic of the first day The Why of Measurement is explored in sessions on The Measurement Effort as a Resour ce for Management and as a Technical Res ource The How of Mea surement is covered in sessions on Physical Processes in Sensors Transducers Detectors and Intershydisciplinary Solutions to Problems and the Where of Measurement is discussed in sessions on Systems Metrology and Measurement-Oriented Engineers from our Campuses

Attendees of the Joint Measurement Con f e r e n c e have the opp o r t un i t y to take in a conference doubleheader as the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurement meets in Boulder June 26-29

24

STANDARDS LABORATORIES WITHER OR NOT

DO YOU HAVE A RE ACTION

President Hayes posed challenging questions in his editori al in the June NCSL News l e t t e r Essentially its a matter of standshyards labor atories demonstrating an impact upon their companys product For some st and ards laboratories it could be a matter of survival The crucial question is Can the qu ality and consistency of a companys product be maintained without the existence of a company standards laboratory

One type of r eaction containing a t echnical approach is contained in the letter Glenn Engen wr ote me How ab out it -shyDoes anyone else have a reaction to either the Hayes editorial my comments above or Glenn Engens l etter If so then write to me and maybe we can promote an interchange of viewpoints via the Newsletter

Wilbur Anson Edi tor

U OEPA TMENT OF COMMERCE Nationa l Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

To W J Anson Editor NCSL Newsletter

From G F En gen Electromagnetics Division NBS

Sub je c t Comment on Hayes Recent Edi t or i a l

President Hayes has pos ed a real chall en ge to those of us in st andards laboratories In a word the questi on is What c an we do to improve our relevance

The purp ose of this l etter is to call attention t o the r esults of s ome recent work at NBS which n ow makes pos s i b le a mor e meaningful interacti on between the calibration laborat ory an d the groups it serves

Historically a major obstacl e to this interaction has be en the connector problem Until r ecently p r e c i s Lon connect ors have been regarded as an e s s en t i al e le men t to accurat e measurements at UHF and microwave frequencies and their use has been adopted and promoted by standards laboratories

On the o t he r hand the field equipment is usually provided with a different c onn e ct or This confronts the us er with the probl em of e i t he r converting his e qu i pmen t to the pr e c i s i on connector or with an a dap t or e val uat ion prob Lem The f ormer s 01 ut ion II is

25

usually impossibl e for e con omi c or ot he r practical reasons while the probl ems asso c i a te d with adaptor evaluation tend t o negate the p otential con t r i bu t i on o f the calibrati on laborat ory As a cons equence there is a substanti al void between the world o f the standards laboratory and that of the fi eld us ers

As a r e sult of recent NBS e ff or t it is n ow possibl e for an important group o f measurement probl ems to provide the user with improved accuracy (o r accuracy potential) without imp osing th e condition that the conn e ctors on his equipment or gear be conshyverted to some p r e c i s i ori ( ) t yp e To be mor e sp eci fi c the measurement o f power and r elated p arameters can n ow be e ffected in a way which s ubs t an t i a l l y minimi ze s the dependenc e upon conshynector properti es In a recent e xp e r i men t fo r exampl e the ordin ary Type N connect or per formed as well as the GPC-7 an d sub stantially better than ce rtain Lmpro ve d Type N connectors

It must be a dmi t t e d however that the reali zation of this bene fit does call fo r s ome re-direction of existin g practice In parshyticular thi s ins ensitivity t o connector properti e s i s a ch ie ved on l y f or certain terminal i nva r i an t parameters o r meas ur an ds Thes e include f or e xample the e f fe ct i ve eff i c i en cy of a bol ometer mount but n ot the c a l i bra t i on f ac t or Apar t f rom the initi al chan ge ove r probl ems h owe ve r the us e of the terminal invariant parameters as the basis f or a cal i bra t i on service provide s certain advan t ages i n additi on t o e l i mi n a t ion of the precisi on connector requirement In particul ar a s ub s tan t i a l simpli fication in the proce dures for the evaluati on of mi smatch corrections i s re alized

By way o f comparis on it may be noted th at the e xi sting practice is heavily ori ented in the di recti on of telling the user how his de v i ce would behave in an ide al world (Name ly one where a ll other components are perfectl y matched or re flectionless and fitt ed with i deal connectors ) More ove r the standards lab orato r y usually e xp ends a substanti al eff or t to in sure th at its calibration systems c l ose ly appr oximate these criteria

Unfortunatel y the us er who wi shes t o make optimum use of s uch calibration r esults must f i r s t de t e r mi ne to what e x t en t his s ystem di ffers from thos e f oun d in the ideal world The answers t o thes e questions involve rtmismat ch co r re ct i on s Thes e in turn require compl e x impedance me asurements an d computations which are often be yond the field personnel

The implicit r eference to an i de a l worl d may b e avo i ded when terminal invari ant quantiti es are chos en as the b asis of th e calibration s ervice In particul ar the procedure is to cali shybr ate the di f f erent t ype s of components (eg b olometer mounts a t t enua t or s etc ) in t erms of cert ain fund amental properti es which are the same irre spective of the sys t em in which the component i s us ed and moreover which do not pre suppo se that the comp onent is f i t t ed with ide al wave guide l eads The

26

mismatch corrections now takes the form of evaluating cer t a i n Lnt e r ac t i on terms between the component and the system in which it is used Although this falls to the lot of the us r and does require some effort the requirement for complex impedance measurements has been eliminated When these proposed changes are adopted the role of the user who wishes to make the best use of the calibration results is thus simplified while the accuracy potential for the user who ignores these corrections is nominally the same

The theoretical background for these remarks will be found in the writers paper Powe r Equations A New Concept in the Descriptions and Evaluation of Microwave Systems (IEEE Trans on Instr and Meas Vol 1M-20 Feb 1971)

From wh a t has been said it will be recognized that the major thrust of this effort is to make better use of existing hardware rather than ti e improved accuracy to more stringent hardware specifications

Although the development and extension of these concepts is continuing at NBS the basic groundwork is well established and promises to play a major role in tomorrows I world It appears that the c a l i b r a t i on laboratories could provide a real service by introducing the user groups to these ideas

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

4

NCSL BOARD MEETING

July 1971

Seated left to right

Bill Vandall Marty Vyenielo Jim Hadley Mort Angelo Dave Mitchell Wes McPhee Steve Kozich Ralph Barra Je rry Hayes

St anding le ft to right

Carl Boyer Harvey Lance Don Grebb Frank Dy ce Don Hervig

5

BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING

A meeting of the NCSL Board of Directors was held on the first

and second of July at the Navy Metrology Engineering Center in

Pomona California Attendees included the following

Officers

President Jerry L Hayes (US Navy Pomona California) Executive Vice President Frank J Dyce (Martin Marietta) Vice Presidents

Wesley H McPhee (MIT Draper Laboratory) James F Hadley (Bendix Corporation) Ralph J Barra (Westinghouse Electric Corporation) William L Vandal (McDonnell Douglas)

Past President Harvey W Lance (OTDOC) Treasurer Don I Hervig (US Army Safeguard Systems Command) Secretary Mort T Angelo (Lockheed-California Company)

Committee Chairmen

Steve Kozich (Weights amp Measures Week) Atlantic Research Corp J D Mitchell (Membership) NRAutonetics Don Greb (Honors amp Awards) Lockheed Missiles amp Space Company Carl Boyer (Specifications) Honeywell Inc Marty Vyenielo (Calibration Procedures) Lawrence Radiation Lab Wilbur Anson~ Editor Newsletter NBS Boulder Colorado

Highlights of the meeting are as follows

Membership Committee ChairmanJD Mitchell reported that there are presently 174 pa id up memberships This is a small drop and is probably caused by the overall business retrenchment and the canceling out of multiple memberships within a corporashytion Discussion was held as to the methods which could be employed to obtain the greatest possible participation in the organizations having severa l divisions but only one Corporate Delegate An assignment was given to Frank Dyce to stUdy the feasibility of a Corporate or Associate membership which would allow NCSL to get back into direct contact with companies or divisions of corporations that may not be participating in NCSL activities - as a means of broadening our influence rather than from a financial gain Also to investigate the participation of non-member delegates in our existing organization the extent to which they are now participating and the extent to which they should participate

6

In the absence of Herb Ingraham Ralph Barra made the r e po rt on the activities of the Measurement Comparison and Stat ist i cal Procedures Committee Following discussions 0 t he report President Hayes recommended that considera tio n be given to changing the objective of this c ommi t t e e t o come up wi t h a plan that in lieu of admi niste ring the actua l p ys ic ~ l moveshyment of the comparison packages and ana lyses o f the da t a the committee act in a manage r i a c a pacity c o mi ng up with a Recommended Practice for part i c i patio n a nd e ndorsement of measurement agreement programs a nd t o wor w th N BS who could be administrator for t he fl ow of the comparison packages

Ralph Barra reported o n the Re g onal meetings and empha s ized the need to get me mbers to submit the i r c o s t savings i de a s to the coordinators The reticence on the p a r t of members to submit cost savings for fear the i r management would press for a reduction to match the dol l a r s claimed caused considerable discussion which resulted in a n assignment to be made to the committee to review the means b y which they ade cost savings Visible Maybe the units of mea s u r e me n t are erroneous perhaps they should be shown in t e r ms of increased productivity and goals set

Don Hervig proposed that NCSL cons i de r establishing an annual scholarship The Education a n d Tr a i n i ng Committee was a s ke d to look into a scholarship or e qu i va ent on an annual bas i s Determine methods of qualifica t i on selection and whether the recipient should be a school or an individual

Newsletter Editor Anson annOUD e d that the Associate Editor Wilbur Snyder would be retir i ng in c t o be r a nd the Editor would therefore need someo ne t o he lp with future Newsshyletters (Note Any Colorado De l e g a t e s are urged to contact Wilbur Anson to serve in this capac i t y )

Mr Anson made a report on t he ac t i v i ti e s in reference to the Current Awareness Service He s t a t e d that there were 43 paid subscribers which was below forec as t ilbu r asked for assistance in making known t o ind i vi du a s o r companies the efforts of the Current Awarenes s Serv i ce by submitting to him the names of potential users He wi l l then forward publicity releases to them As an aid to i nc r e a s i ng distribution of the publication it was suggested that perhaps a name change emphasizing in the title that othe r areas besi es electroshymagnetic metro l ogy were inc Iud d Wes McPhee was given the assignment to have his informa t i o committee get i n touch with Wilbur Anson and work ou t a plan for the more effective marketing of the publication Th e Board approved $1000 for continued support of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service publication

7

Wilbur Anson b r i e f e d the Board o n the progress of the Joint Measure ment Conference to be he l d in Boulder Colorado in June 197 2 A mo t i o n to support the conference to the amount o f $1 000 wa s made and approved by Board ac t i on Jim Hadley made an appeal for speakers who cou l d prese n t a speech covering the basic tipic Measurement Ef f o rt as a Resou r c e for Manageshyment He prefers someone not f r m Ae r os ac e or DO D He is to be contacted directly with a ny ug ge s t ed names

Wes McPhee reported on the status o f the 9 7 Di r e c t o r y and indicated that it was almost rea d y to go to p r e s s

The new Chairman of the Calibrat i o n Procedure Co mmi t t e e Mary Vyenielo made an extensive report on the state of the GIDEP library Considerable discussion was held on the purging and updating of the existing procedures

The recommended Practices Committee under Elmo Johnson will soon release the Calibration Systems Specification for review by the Board of Directors If approved by the Board it will be released as a Tentative Recommended Practice

President Hayes requested Bill Vandal to have his committee working on the metric system conversion study to come forth with an impact report by October 1st

Steve Kozich made a report on the Weights and Measures Week He stated that it was his opinion that we should exert ourselves to push an d pub I icize Weights and Measures Week since it helps our profession It really brings to light the benefits of the metrologist in calibration technology etc Steve made a very interesting presentation on the history of the National Weights and Measures Week He recommends that we include in NCSL in some manner the Chiefs of the Bureau o f Weights and Measures of all the states His reasoning is t ha t they control the laws for measurement Frank Dyce was given the assignment to have the Membership Committee draft a letter to the States Chie~of Weights and Measures inviting them to join NCSL Letters to be signed by NCSL President

President Hayes recommended that t he Long Range Planning Committee should be a function of the Exec u t ive Vice President and should include the Past Presidents He would also have at his disposal the full Board

Wes McPhee was requested to put together a Recommended Practice procedure for the equipment storage and retirement of test equipment

8

BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR 1972

Pre s ident

Fr ank J Dy ce Martin Mar ie t t a Corporation Mail Point 498 P O Box 5837 Orlando Florida 32805

( 305) 855- 6100 Ext 4488

Executive Vice President

Ral ph Barra We st i ng ho use El ec t ri c Corpo rat ion Mai l Stop 504 Box 746 Bal timore Maryland 21203

(301)765 -4560

Vice Pr esidents

Ray Y Bailey USAF Calibration ampMetrology Di v Newa r k Ai r Force Base Newa r k Ohio 43055

(614)3 44- 2171 Ext 670

J D Mi t che ll D369 C02 Aut one t i cs 3370 Mira10ma Aven ue Anahe im Cali fornia 9 2803

( 714) 632- 3685

Donal d J Greb Lock heed Missiles ampSpace Company Sunnyvale California 94088

(408)742 - 5774

Wesley H McPhee M I T Draper Laboratory 224 Albany Street Cambridge Mass 0213 5

(617) 864 -6900 Ext 2460

Se cr e t a r y

Mort Ange 10 Lockheed-California Company PO Box 551 Burb ank Cali f orni a 915 03

(2 13) 847- 2342

Treasurer Paul H Hunter Western Elect ric Company I nc Depa rtment 12 WL 31262 3300 Lexington Road Winston-Salem N C 27102

(919) 784 -3117

Sponsors De le gate Joseph M Cameron Institute for Bas ic St an dar ds Nat i on al Bureau of Standards Washington D C 20234

(3 01) 92 1-2 805

Past Pres iden t

Jer ry L Hayes US Navy Plant Repre sentat ive Met rology En gi nee r i n g Center 16 75 W Mi ss ion Blvd PO Box 2507 Pomona Calif 91766

( 714) 629 - 5111 Ext 3010

Dele gate s

Mr Carl Boye r Jr Honeywell I n c Test I ns t r umen t s Divi sion P O Box 391 Annapolis Maryland 21404

( 301)263- 2661

Mr Don I Her vig US Ar my Safe guar d Systems Command P O Box 1500 -- SSC- LLM Huntsville Al abama 35807

(2 05) 895- 3750

Mr Maurice J Sexey E G amp G I n c Mai 1 Stop P- 03 680 E Sunset Road Las Vegas Nevada 89101

(702)736-8111 Ext 427

Mr Richard Boyce I dah o Nuclear Standards Labo ratory Idaho Nucle ar Corporation P O Box 1845 I daho Fall s Idaho 83401

( 20 8) 522 - 6640 Ext 2470

Mr James A Valen t i no Sanders As s oc i at e s In c 95 Canal Street Nas hua New Hampshire 03060

(603)885 -2072

9

ADMINISTRATION COMMITTEES -- James F Hadley

Committee l-A -- Organization Committee

Chairman John R Van de Houten of Bell Aerospace Company

The following is the status of the six Guidelines which are in various stages of completion

1 Guidelines for the Members Delegate Ready for dlstribution

2 Guidelines for the Secretariat Ready for Board of Directors review

3 Guidelines for the Nominations Committee Ready for Board of Directors review

4 Guidelines for Membership Acceptance Being reviewed by the Board of Directors

S Guidelines for the Conference Chairman The preliminary draft prepared by A J Noodlngton lS in the final stages of preparation by W Vandal I t should be ready for review by the Board of Directors sometime in October

6 Guidelines for Financial Operations A draft has been prepared by W McPhee and J Dandeneau and is being reviewed by Organization Committee It is expected that this will be ready for Board of Directors review by Octob e r

As you can see the efforts of last years committee and its chairman A J Woodington are nearing completion It is anti shycipated that all of the Gu i de Line s will be ready for distribushytion to holders of the NCSL Information Man uaI by the end of this year

No additional Guidelines are currently planned but suggestions for new ones are welcome

10

Committee 1-B -- Meetings and Program Committee

Chairman Orville Linebrink of Battelle Memorial Institute

Thirteen regional areas of NCSL membership were established and all but two of these areas have either held meetings or joined with adjacent area groups (See the following table for details) Reports from various attendees have been enthusiastically in favor of continuation of regional meetings at various suggested intershyvals The holding of one meeting per region per year seems a reasonable minimal goal The success of these meetings is entirely due to the efforts of the regional hosts All of these hosts are members of the MampP Committee For the year 1971 the regional hosts were enlisted by the chairman of the MampP Committee To provide good continuity these regional hosts who have held meetings should either be continued as hosts or have them become very active in securing a successor Cutbacks and restricted activity of company personnel has been a problem in some regions and further changes of this nature will be encountered Files of regional correspondence will be forwarded to the new chairman of the MampP Committee

The regional meetings programs have been greatly assisted by the Cost Reduction Committee Ralph Barra Chairman The NCSL Secretariat Office has been very cooperative in providing updated membership lists

The NCSL membership has been most cooperative in the regional meetings Every possible effort should be made to involve all members in some way Sharing of information through questionnaires from the MampP Committee to develop subject matter for local meetings in addition to national committee reports might be a useful tool for next year

11

RIDIONAL MEEI I NG SUMMARY

The following meetings have been held bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

Date Host Region Place Attendance

12-16-70 RJBarra 5 Westinghouse - Baltimore Md 10

3-11-71 GWVincent 11 Electro Scientific Industries 11 Portland Oregon

3-16 JDMitche11 13 Autonetics - Anaheim Calif 34

3-17 ERogers 5 USArmy Harry Diamond Lab 8 Washington DC

4-19 DAntonucci 2 Grumman Aerospace Corp 12 Bethpage NY

5-5 WHMcPhee 1 MIT Draper Lab - Cambridge lass 10

5-7 WMcDill 67 Martin Marietta Company 14 Orlando Fla

5-13 DJGreb 12 Lockheed - Sunnyvale Calif 20

5-20 RY Bailey 8 USAF - Newark Ohio 12

6-16 ERJohnson 5 USNavy - Washington DC 11

7-29 J DNitche11 13 Lobster House Marina Del Ray 28 Los Angeles Calif

9-15 JLee 5 Honeywell Inc - McLean Virginia 10

and the following meetings are pLanned ltII bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

Oct21 HSIngraham 3 RCA - Moorestown NJ Oct27 Novl

TdMcDill JAValentino

67 1

Martin Marietta Co - Orlando Fla l1rr Draper Labs Cambridge Mass

Nov4 DJGreb 12 IEM San Jose Calif Jan12 5 To be armounced

Refer to page 21 of March 71 NCSL Newsletter for map Attendance was not limited to just NCSL members Non-manbers were also

invited and encouraged to participate in the Cost Reduction Report program

To NCSL Me mbe ps

T py to attend y our next regionaZ meetin g

Conta ct yo u r c o opdi n a t or i f one isn t s e t y e t

12

Committee 1-C -- Finance Committee

Chairman D I Hervig of US Army Safeguard

The committee has prepared and submitted to the Board of Directors a proposed budget for calendar year 1972

Committee 1-D -- Nominations Committee

Chairman Mort Angelo of Lockheed--Ca1ifornia

Balloting for the 1971 election of officers was completed on September 10 1971 The committee is now conducting the balloting for Delegates

Commi ttee 1-E - - Honors and Awards Commi ttee

Chairman D J Greb of Lockheed

The committee will determine what awards should be presented at the Member Delegates assembly to be held in June 1972

Committee 1-F -- Audit Committee

Chairman James Dandeneau of Raytheon

An audit of financial records of the organization is being made prior to turning the books over to the newly elected Treas urer

13

PLANN ING CO MM I TTEE S -- Wm L Vandal

Committee 2 -A -- Lon g Range Planning

Chairman Wesley H McPhee of MIT Draper Laboratory

The Long Ran ge Planning Committe has received the compreshyhensive report compiled by last years committee John Van de Houten Chairman

The recommendations will be the main topic of discussion at the next meeting of the Board of Directors It is expected that priorities and goals will be established and a plan for implemenshytation will be decided upon

The new committeets task will be more clearly defined and it is hoped that the output of the committee will set an orderly pattern for continued growth during the coming five year period

Board memb ers are as ke d to prepare themselves for the meeting by a revi ew of the committee recommendations as received at the july meet ing New memb ers and those not present in July will receive copies prior to the scheduled meeting in October

Commi t t e e 2-B -- Na t i on a l Measurement Requirements Commi t t e e

Chairman Ray Bailey of AF Metrology Labs

The measurement requirements which generated from the questionnaire circulated in early 1970 were submitted to NBS on 5 May 1970 No resp onse was received from the NBS The listing of measurement requirements was resubmitted to the Office of Measurement Services on 25 June 1971 No other act ions have been taken by this committee

14

LABORATORY MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION CO~WITTEES -- R J Barra

Committee 3-A -- Measurement Comparison and Statistical Procedures

Committee

Chairman Herbert S Ingraham Jr of RCA

Scop~ To perform technical audits of the national measureshyment system through intercomparison programs and to report all data that result from these programs

The Ratio Comparison portion of the DC-Low Frequency group will be on the road by November 15 1971 The Resistance and Reactance group will also be on the road by November 15 1971

A new coordinator for the Microwave Components groups will be appointed by November 15 1971 also

President Hayes has asked that consideration be given to changing the objectives of this committee to come up with a plan that in lieu of administering the actual physical moveshyment of the comparison package and analyses of the data the committee act in a managerial capacity coming up with a Recomshymended Practice for participation and endorsement of measurement agreement programs and to work with NBS who could be adminisshytrator for the flow of the comparison packages

Committee 3-B -- Specifications Committee

Chairman Carl Boyer Jr of Honeywell Inc

The CALIBRATION SYSTEM SPECIFICATION has received final committee review and approval and is now in the hands of the NCSL Board of Directors for their approval prior to publication

Plans for future action include review and possible revision of the April 1969 Comp i Lat i ori of Government Specifications Affecting Calibration Laboratories and examination o~ the n~ed for and pos s ib le contento f a tl Glo s s ary of Terms Us ed In Spe CIshyfications Affecting Calibration Laboratories ll

15

national Conference 0 StanJarJltJ cfatoratoriej co NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS WASHINGTON D C 20234

PLEASE ADDRESS REPLY TO

Carl Boyer I Jr NCSL Specifications Committee

I Honeywell IncDATA NEEDE PO Box 391 Annapolis Maryland 21404

Committee 3B - Specifications I has been asked to generate a glossary of terms used in specifications controlling calibration activities

The intent of s uc h a document will be to

bull Compile a li st of terms having general application to calibration oriented specifications

bull Accumulate a vailable definitions

bull Establish recommended usage

To provide a u seful document I we need input representative of the total membership of NCSL If you have ever been confused by a spe c ific a t i on term (e g I calibration I accuracy I traceability) I you can help by sending your list to the committee

Se nd your list (de fi n itio n s a nd sources will al so be welcome) to the Spe c ifi shycations Co mmitte e at the Anna poli s address above

Your input will be a ppreciated

Si nc e r e ly

~ -a-7shyCa rl Boye r Jr Chairman Sp ecifi c a t io n s Commit t e e

C B skc

16

Committee 3-C -- Calibration Systems Management Committee

Chairman James A Valentino of Sanders Associates Inc

Scope To develop the management control techniques required for optimum performance of calibration systems to provide cost visibility to managers to provide means to achieve cost reducshytions without degradation of quality through improved methods and procedures

Many of the Cost Visibility Exchange Program reports are finalized and have been issued to participating member laboratories The reports are available to all NCSL member laboratories by request to the Chairman The remaining reports will be forthshycoming shortly

All member delegates are urged to study these reports for they contain informative data

As suggested in the June Newsletter there exists several areas where a particular manufacturers instrument represents a sizeable portion of the family type Table I on page 18 of this newsletter lists instruments of this type and any cost reduction techniques employed on these instruments would have tremendous impact when applied on a national basis

Several sub-committee chairmen are currently investigating procedures of laboratories displaying low calibrationmaintenance times on particular instruments Since calibrationmaintenance times are wide spread for various organizations a standard cali shybration procedure would have considerable cost saving potential

Call for CARR

Few Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports (CARR) were submitted during the past several months The problem was discussed at length at the July NCSL Board of Directors Meeting Discussion centered around the suggestion that one possible reason for a lack of participation by members was fear their management would force an operating reduction to match the doll ars saved I f this is the belief of some member delegates then I suggest these members review their worth to their organization We should all again read the Presidents commentary in the June NCSL Newsletter We must all make a more meaningful contribution to our respective organizations

The Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports have been somewhat simplified to save the originator time in calculating actual savings (See the new form on page 19 of this newsletter) The committee needs these reports if its goal is to be attained The regional coordinators have been the major contributors to date All members are urged to read the existing reports for utilization in their own organization

17

Take a few minutes and submit your idea to your regional coordinators -- NOW -- TODAY

Region I will conduct a Round Robin commencing October 4 1971 Seven (7) member laboratories will participate with Mr Joseph Cameron of NBS acting as monitor

J bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull a bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

MEASUREMENTS AGREEMENT ROUND ROBIN

One of the most significant outcomes of the First Region One NCSL Meeting was the planning and implementation of a Measurements Agreement Round Robin The Round Robin is scheduled to begin October 4th and be completed by November 22nd this year A second data taking run will begin December 6th and end January 31st Seven Major New England Firms have pledged their participation The overall objective is to determine how well each participating laboratory using its own methods and test instrumentation agree with each other All data is coded for obvious reasons The Youden Plot will be the mechanism used to obviate resultant data A meeting will be scheduled after the first data run to discuss any problem areas and to prepare for a second data run utilizing the same s t anda r ds package Participating members in the First Region One Measurements Agreement Round Robin are A Kalisky and H Tobe of AVCO -- Wilmington H Haymes and J Valentino of Sanders Assoc Inc R Fay and R Raposa of Raytheon Co Sub Sig Division R Kidd of Microwave Assoc J Dandeneau and C Morse of Raytheon Co Equipment Div Wes McPhee of MIT Draper Lab and Dr John Hirsch of General Radio Company

(See Calibration

INSTRUII~NT

Electronic Counter

Electronic Counter

Differential Voltmeter

Differential Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Generator

Generator

Generator

Oscillator

Oscillator

Oscilloscope

Osc i lloscope

Oscilloscope

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Pressure Gauge

Pressure Gauge

18

TABLE 1

Systems Management Committee

~IANUFACTunEH

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

John Fluke

John Fluke

Dana

Fairchild

Hewlett Packard

Non-Linear Systems

Hewlett Packard

IIewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Ilewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

nshcr-o r t

Kollsman

Report)

MODEL

524

5245L

80lB

803803B

5600

7050

34403440 series plug-in

481

205A

612A

620A

200CD

650A

175

535

545

CC A

D

lA Series

Various

Various

19 COST AVOIDANCEREDUCTION REPORT

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABOR ATORIES

REVA ORIGINA L SUBMITTAL

REFEREN CE NCSL REPORT NO

COMPA NY I DIVISI ON NCSL REPORT NO

TITLE DATE

OLD METHOD

NEW METHOD

ESTIMATED ACTUAL IF AVAILABLE

NUMBER OF UNITS INVOLVED

TIME SAVINGS PER UNIT mnhrs mnhrs

MAT ERIAL SAVINGS PER UNIT $ $

fiHER SAVINGS $ $

IMPLEMENT AT ION COST S $ $

CONT RIBUTOR IIMPLEMENTATION DAT E NCSL DELEG ATE SIGNATU RE

20

Committee 3-D -- Education and Training Committee

Chairman M H Brenner of The Boeing Company

Scope To provide instructions and procedures for the effective training and education of personnel for metrology laboratories

The Committee has obtained two texts and are reviewing them Concurrently two items of test equipment have been donated by the Beckman Instrument Company and are being processed by the Committees coordinator Dr Morgan Annual objectives have been revised such that the analysis and comment of training texts will be processed and made available to NCSL members as they are completed rather than one annual issue at the conclusion of the year The committee is now targeted to release two such analyses by November 15 1971

The Committee is still seeking members training texts for reviews and any surplus test equipment Contributions of potential members names books or surplus test equipment can be made to any of the listed committee members

M H Brenner Dr Donald E Morgan Head The Boeing Company Dept of Industrial Engineering Metrology Se r vi ce Calif State Polytechnic College Or gn 24720 ]vj S 2P12 San Luis Obispo Calif 93401 Seattle Washington 98124

Robert Wille t Dr Peter Stein Collins Radio Company Arizona State University Cedar Rapids Iowa 53406 Tempe Arizona 85281

D J Franke Carroll G Hughes 902 Appling Avenue Westinghouse Electric Corp Placentia Calif 92670 Box 746 -- MS 550

Baltimore Maryland 21203 Joseph Davis Bendix Company PO Box 1159 Kans as Ci t y Mo

21

COMMUNICATI ON S ampMARKETING COMMITTEES - - W H McPh ee

Committee 4-A -- News le t t e r Committe e

Chairman Wilbur An son of Na t i on a l Bu r eau o f Standards

This issue of th e Newsletter r ep orts f or itself -- issue was del ayed not by th e editor but b y the n ece ssity of wa i t i ng f o r el e ction r eturns on our off conference year May we make this an appe a l for mor e inputs from our membe r laboratori es del egates

Committe e 4-B - - Directory Committe e

Ch airman Le wi s Wears of John Hopkins University

Lewis r eports th e n ew directory to be r e ady for distribution in the v ery near future after a revision of information and f ee d i ng th e comp uter -- an operation that wi l l make futur e directori es e asi er to e d i t

Committ e e 4 -C -- Information Committee

Chairman Robert Verity o f Le eds ampNo r t h r up Co

Bob is now back in circulation followin g an ex t e n de d period of NCS L inactivity c a us e d by l abor probl ems within his c omp a ny

Committe e 4- D -- Calibration Procedures Committ e e

Chairman Martin Vyenielo of Lawrence Radi ation Labo r a t o r y

Marty was r ecently appointed t o the GIDEP Industry advisory bo ard with speci al interest in c alibration procedures distribushytion GIDEP i s working tow ard a pro gram to improve the calibration p ro ce du r e s quality and content They a re presently involved i n a se r ie s o f indoctrinati on clinics NCSL is cooperating in this by p re s e n t i ng the calibration p ro ce d ure s asp e c t of their e f f o r t To date Ch airman Vyeni e10 and Vice President Wesl ey Mc Phee have participated on the East and West coast -- other a reas are s che d ule d GIDEP welcomes ideas for improvin g the c a l i b r a t ion procedures distribution -- submit comments and ideas through the Ch airman or through the ALERT s ystem s et up for r eporting prob l em areas

22

Committ ee 4-E -- Recommended Practices Committe e

Chairman Elmo R Johnson of U S Navy

Al l r ecommended practices submitted have b een distributed for board members app r ov a l prior to gen e ral distribution for insertion in the information manu al in the near futur e El mo has ch anged h ats and is pres ently with the Navy Chief of Naval Material s 740 Crystal Plaza Jeffe r s on Davis Hi ghway Washington DC 20360

I~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbull middot~~~ bullbull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

CPEM 72

Conference on Pr ec i s i on Ele ctroma gnetic Measure ments wi l l b e held June 26 -29 197 2 at Boulder Colorado

A call for papers has been issued For information relatin g to the t echnical program write t o

Dr Harold S Boyne Radio Building Room 4075 Nat i on al Bureau of St anda r ds Boulder Colorado 80302

For gene r a l information on the Conference write to

Ge orge Goulette Director Bureau of Conferences and Institure s University of Colorado Boulder Col orado 8030 2

23

O I N T

MEASUREME T

ONFERENCE June 21-23 1972 at Boulder Colorado

STEERING COMMITTEE PLEASE REPLY TO

JOINT MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE A J Woodington Chaiman

rC~n poundr ~ 1 U tl3 f111 C5 ~Ofl a ~ Aogt n H p c e lt) ) PRESS RELEASE

Am~ -ic n Soc I e ty tor O II y (on p)1

A J oint Measurement Conference the first in a potential series will be held June 21-23 1972 at Boulder

Andrew F Dunn Colorado The keynote of the Conference - THE ROLE AND N H I 0 I ee s e a r c h Co nlt1 o f L ana d a

l n s t s t c t e fo r Ele trc 1 VALUE OF MEASUREMENT - is also the theme of the opening ~ tl ogttt ro n 1( l (l~l neer s

address to be presented by Lewis M Branscomb Director o f the National Bureau of Standards US Department of Conunerce

Ptr K Stein ( Afl lon a S t e t c Ul ~H ~ t ~)

IA~ t T urIle~ ~o C I j o le r lC The joint aspects of this Conference are indicated by the list of sponsors

Ameri can Society for Qua l i t y Control - Electronics W ilbur J Anson DivisionMetrology Technical Conunittee

( p I)n 1 ~u tJ u r ~ 1 ne l( j ~ rh t l o llal vc n t e r e nc e o j S l noj r d Le oo r Lor 11(1 Institute for Electrical and Electronics

Engineers-Group on Instrumentation and Measurement

A K Edgerton Instrument Society o f America-Metrology Division s e e c q ~ l o r e ll ~ n t 10 5 50gtlt I 1 10 11

National Bureau of Standards

National Conference of Standards Laboratories

Joseph M Cameron Precision Measurements Association gtjH Onl Bu-ta u o S la n(lardi

The purpose of the meeting is to promote the intershydisciplinary exchange of technical and managerial meas-

Helmut A Altschuler urement co n ce p t s The underlying theme i s that ideally l q ~~~ ~~~~f ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~ Technical personnel should utilize the Measurement

1l ~ ( V OrM 9 H ( H ~alulemeH ~ science concepts in all phases of product evolution shyresearch design devel opment manufacturing maintenance and quality control The techniques of a systems a p proach to accurate meaningful measurements will be emphasized as a powerful tool for both Management and Technical personnel The sessions will stress that many if not all measurement disciplines are required in the solution of softwarehardware oriented measurement problems

The Conference to be held at the NBS Boulder Laboratories is organized into 6 consecutive half-day sessions The general topic of the first day The Why of Measurement is explored in sessions on The Measurement Effort as a Resour ce for Management and as a Technical Res ource The How of Mea surement is covered in sessions on Physical Processes in Sensors Transducers Detectors and Intershydisciplinary Solutions to Problems and the Where of Measurement is discussed in sessions on Systems Metrology and Measurement-Oriented Engineers from our Campuses

Attendees of the Joint Measurement Con f e r e n c e have the opp o r t un i t y to take in a conference doubleheader as the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurement meets in Boulder June 26-29

24

STANDARDS LABORATORIES WITHER OR NOT

DO YOU HAVE A RE ACTION

President Hayes posed challenging questions in his editori al in the June NCSL News l e t t e r Essentially its a matter of standshyards labor atories demonstrating an impact upon their companys product For some st and ards laboratories it could be a matter of survival The crucial question is Can the qu ality and consistency of a companys product be maintained without the existence of a company standards laboratory

One type of r eaction containing a t echnical approach is contained in the letter Glenn Engen wr ote me How ab out it -shyDoes anyone else have a reaction to either the Hayes editorial my comments above or Glenn Engens l etter If so then write to me and maybe we can promote an interchange of viewpoints via the Newsletter

Wilbur Anson Edi tor

U OEPA TMENT OF COMMERCE Nationa l Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

To W J Anson Editor NCSL Newsletter

From G F En gen Electromagnetics Division NBS

Sub je c t Comment on Hayes Recent Edi t or i a l

President Hayes has pos ed a real chall en ge to those of us in st andards laboratories In a word the questi on is What c an we do to improve our relevance

The purp ose of this l etter is to call attention t o the r esults of s ome recent work at NBS which n ow makes pos s i b le a mor e meaningful interacti on between the calibration laborat ory an d the groups it serves

Historically a major obstacl e to this interaction has be en the connector problem Until r ecently p r e c i s Lon connect ors have been regarded as an e s s en t i al e le men t to accurat e measurements at UHF and microwave frequencies and their use has been adopted and promoted by standards laboratories

On the o t he r hand the field equipment is usually provided with a different c onn e ct or This confronts the us er with the probl em of e i t he r converting his e qu i pmen t to the pr e c i s i on connector or with an a dap t or e val uat ion prob Lem The f ormer s 01 ut ion II is

25

usually impossibl e for e con omi c or ot he r practical reasons while the probl ems asso c i a te d with adaptor evaluation tend t o negate the p otential con t r i bu t i on o f the calibrati on laborat ory As a cons equence there is a substanti al void between the world o f the standards laboratory and that of the fi eld us ers

As a r e sult of recent NBS e ff or t it is n ow possibl e for an important group o f measurement probl ems to provide the user with improved accuracy (o r accuracy potential) without imp osing th e condition that the conn e ctors on his equipment or gear be conshyverted to some p r e c i s i ori ( ) t yp e To be mor e sp eci fi c the measurement o f power and r elated p arameters can n ow be e ffected in a way which s ubs t an t i a l l y minimi ze s the dependenc e upon conshynector properti es In a recent e xp e r i men t fo r exampl e the ordin ary Type N connect or per formed as well as the GPC-7 an d sub stantially better than ce rtain Lmpro ve d Type N connectors

It must be a dmi t t e d however that the reali zation of this bene fit does call fo r s ome re-direction of existin g practice In parshyticular thi s ins ensitivity t o connector properti e s i s a ch ie ved on l y f or certain terminal i nva r i an t parameters o r meas ur an ds Thes e include f or e xample the e f fe ct i ve eff i c i en cy of a bol ometer mount but n ot the c a l i bra t i on f ac t or Apar t f rom the initi al chan ge ove r probl ems h owe ve r the us e of the terminal invariant parameters as the basis f or a cal i bra t i on service provide s certain advan t ages i n additi on t o e l i mi n a t ion of the precisi on connector requirement In particul ar a s ub s tan t i a l simpli fication in the proce dures for the evaluati on of mi smatch corrections i s re alized

By way o f comparis on it may be noted th at the e xi sting practice is heavily ori ented in the di recti on of telling the user how his de v i ce would behave in an ide al world (Name ly one where a ll other components are perfectl y matched or re flectionless and fitt ed with i deal connectors ) More ove r the standards lab orato r y usually e xp ends a substanti al eff or t to in sure th at its calibration systems c l ose ly appr oximate these criteria

Unfortunatel y the us er who wi shes t o make optimum use of s uch calibration r esults must f i r s t de t e r mi ne to what e x t en t his s ystem di ffers from thos e f oun d in the ideal world The answers t o thes e questions involve rtmismat ch co r re ct i on s Thes e in turn require compl e x impedance me asurements an d computations which are often be yond the field personnel

The implicit r eference to an i de a l worl d may b e avo i ded when terminal invari ant quantiti es are chos en as the b asis of th e calibration s ervice In particul ar the procedure is to cali shybr ate the di f f erent t ype s of components (eg b olometer mounts a t t enua t or s etc ) in t erms of cert ain fund amental properti es which are the same irre spective of the sys t em in which the component i s us ed and moreover which do not pre suppo se that the comp onent is f i t t ed with ide al wave guide l eads The

26

mismatch corrections now takes the form of evaluating cer t a i n Lnt e r ac t i on terms between the component and the system in which it is used Although this falls to the lot of the us r and does require some effort the requirement for complex impedance measurements has been eliminated When these proposed changes are adopted the role of the user who wishes to make the best use of the calibration results is thus simplified while the accuracy potential for the user who ignores these corrections is nominally the same

The theoretical background for these remarks will be found in the writers paper Powe r Equations A New Concept in the Descriptions and Evaluation of Microwave Systems (IEEE Trans on Instr and Meas Vol 1M-20 Feb 1971)

From wh a t has been said it will be recognized that the major thrust of this effort is to make better use of existing hardware rather than ti e improved accuracy to more stringent hardware specifications

Although the development and extension of these concepts is continuing at NBS the basic groundwork is well established and promises to play a major role in tomorrows I world It appears that the c a l i b r a t i on laboratories could provide a real service by introducing the user groups to these ideas

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

5

BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING

A meeting of the NCSL Board of Directors was held on the first

and second of July at the Navy Metrology Engineering Center in

Pomona California Attendees included the following

Officers

President Jerry L Hayes (US Navy Pomona California) Executive Vice President Frank J Dyce (Martin Marietta) Vice Presidents

Wesley H McPhee (MIT Draper Laboratory) James F Hadley (Bendix Corporation) Ralph J Barra (Westinghouse Electric Corporation) William L Vandal (McDonnell Douglas)

Past President Harvey W Lance (OTDOC) Treasurer Don I Hervig (US Army Safeguard Systems Command) Secretary Mort T Angelo (Lockheed-California Company)

Committee Chairmen

Steve Kozich (Weights amp Measures Week) Atlantic Research Corp J D Mitchell (Membership) NRAutonetics Don Greb (Honors amp Awards) Lockheed Missiles amp Space Company Carl Boyer (Specifications) Honeywell Inc Marty Vyenielo (Calibration Procedures) Lawrence Radiation Lab Wilbur Anson~ Editor Newsletter NBS Boulder Colorado

Highlights of the meeting are as follows

Membership Committee ChairmanJD Mitchell reported that there are presently 174 pa id up memberships This is a small drop and is probably caused by the overall business retrenchment and the canceling out of multiple memberships within a corporashytion Discussion was held as to the methods which could be employed to obtain the greatest possible participation in the organizations having severa l divisions but only one Corporate Delegate An assignment was given to Frank Dyce to stUdy the feasibility of a Corporate or Associate membership which would allow NCSL to get back into direct contact with companies or divisions of corporations that may not be participating in NCSL activities - as a means of broadening our influence rather than from a financial gain Also to investigate the participation of non-member delegates in our existing organization the extent to which they are now participating and the extent to which they should participate

6

In the absence of Herb Ingraham Ralph Barra made the r e po rt on the activities of the Measurement Comparison and Stat ist i cal Procedures Committee Following discussions 0 t he report President Hayes recommended that considera tio n be given to changing the objective of this c ommi t t e e t o come up wi t h a plan that in lieu of admi niste ring the actua l p ys ic ~ l moveshyment of the comparison packages and ana lyses o f the da t a the committee act in a manage r i a c a pacity c o mi ng up with a Recommended Practice for part i c i patio n a nd e ndorsement of measurement agreement programs a nd t o wor w th N BS who could be administrator for t he fl ow of the comparison packages

Ralph Barra reported o n the Re g onal meetings and empha s ized the need to get me mbers to submit the i r c o s t savings i de a s to the coordinators The reticence on the p a r t of members to submit cost savings for fear the i r management would press for a reduction to match the dol l a r s claimed caused considerable discussion which resulted in a n assignment to be made to the committee to review the means b y which they ade cost savings Visible Maybe the units of mea s u r e me n t are erroneous perhaps they should be shown in t e r ms of increased productivity and goals set

Don Hervig proposed that NCSL cons i de r establishing an annual scholarship The Education a n d Tr a i n i ng Committee was a s ke d to look into a scholarship or e qu i va ent on an annual bas i s Determine methods of qualifica t i on selection and whether the recipient should be a school or an individual

Newsletter Editor Anson annOUD e d that the Associate Editor Wilbur Snyder would be retir i ng in c t o be r a nd the Editor would therefore need someo ne t o he lp with future Newsshyletters (Note Any Colorado De l e g a t e s are urged to contact Wilbur Anson to serve in this capac i t y )

Mr Anson made a report on t he ac t i v i ti e s in reference to the Current Awareness Service He s t a t e d that there were 43 paid subscribers which was below forec as t ilbu r asked for assistance in making known t o ind i vi du a s o r companies the efforts of the Current Awarenes s Serv i ce by submitting to him the names of potential users He wi l l then forward publicity releases to them As an aid to i nc r e a s i ng distribution of the publication it was suggested that perhaps a name change emphasizing in the title that othe r areas besi es electroshymagnetic metro l ogy were inc Iud d Wes McPhee was given the assignment to have his informa t i o committee get i n touch with Wilbur Anson and work ou t a plan for the more effective marketing of the publication Th e Board approved $1000 for continued support of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service publication

7

Wilbur Anson b r i e f e d the Board o n the progress of the Joint Measure ment Conference to be he l d in Boulder Colorado in June 197 2 A mo t i o n to support the conference to the amount o f $1 000 wa s made and approved by Board ac t i on Jim Hadley made an appeal for speakers who cou l d prese n t a speech covering the basic tipic Measurement Ef f o rt as a Resou r c e for Manageshyment He prefers someone not f r m Ae r os ac e or DO D He is to be contacted directly with a ny ug ge s t ed names

Wes McPhee reported on the status o f the 9 7 Di r e c t o r y and indicated that it was almost rea d y to go to p r e s s

The new Chairman of the Calibrat i o n Procedure Co mmi t t e e Mary Vyenielo made an extensive report on the state of the GIDEP library Considerable discussion was held on the purging and updating of the existing procedures

The recommended Practices Committee under Elmo Johnson will soon release the Calibration Systems Specification for review by the Board of Directors If approved by the Board it will be released as a Tentative Recommended Practice

President Hayes requested Bill Vandal to have his committee working on the metric system conversion study to come forth with an impact report by October 1st

Steve Kozich made a report on the Weights and Measures Week He stated that it was his opinion that we should exert ourselves to push an d pub I icize Weights and Measures Week since it helps our profession It really brings to light the benefits of the metrologist in calibration technology etc Steve made a very interesting presentation on the history of the National Weights and Measures Week He recommends that we include in NCSL in some manner the Chiefs of the Bureau o f Weights and Measures of all the states His reasoning is t ha t they control the laws for measurement Frank Dyce was given the assignment to have the Membership Committee draft a letter to the States Chie~of Weights and Measures inviting them to join NCSL Letters to be signed by NCSL President

President Hayes recommended that t he Long Range Planning Committee should be a function of the Exec u t ive Vice President and should include the Past Presidents He would also have at his disposal the full Board

Wes McPhee was requested to put together a Recommended Practice procedure for the equipment storage and retirement of test equipment

8

BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR 1972

Pre s ident

Fr ank J Dy ce Martin Mar ie t t a Corporation Mail Point 498 P O Box 5837 Orlando Florida 32805

( 305) 855- 6100 Ext 4488

Executive Vice President

Ral ph Barra We st i ng ho use El ec t ri c Corpo rat ion Mai l Stop 504 Box 746 Bal timore Maryland 21203

(301)765 -4560

Vice Pr esidents

Ray Y Bailey USAF Calibration ampMetrology Di v Newa r k Ai r Force Base Newa r k Ohio 43055

(614)3 44- 2171 Ext 670

J D Mi t che ll D369 C02 Aut one t i cs 3370 Mira10ma Aven ue Anahe im Cali fornia 9 2803

( 714) 632- 3685

Donal d J Greb Lock heed Missiles ampSpace Company Sunnyvale California 94088

(408)742 - 5774

Wesley H McPhee M I T Draper Laboratory 224 Albany Street Cambridge Mass 0213 5

(617) 864 -6900 Ext 2460

Se cr e t a r y

Mort Ange 10 Lockheed-California Company PO Box 551 Burb ank Cali f orni a 915 03

(2 13) 847- 2342

Treasurer Paul H Hunter Western Elect ric Company I nc Depa rtment 12 WL 31262 3300 Lexington Road Winston-Salem N C 27102

(919) 784 -3117

Sponsors De le gate Joseph M Cameron Institute for Bas ic St an dar ds Nat i on al Bureau of Standards Washington D C 20234

(3 01) 92 1-2 805

Past Pres iden t

Jer ry L Hayes US Navy Plant Repre sentat ive Met rology En gi nee r i n g Center 16 75 W Mi ss ion Blvd PO Box 2507 Pomona Calif 91766

( 714) 629 - 5111 Ext 3010

Dele gate s

Mr Carl Boye r Jr Honeywell I n c Test I ns t r umen t s Divi sion P O Box 391 Annapolis Maryland 21404

( 301)263- 2661

Mr Don I Her vig US Ar my Safe guar d Systems Command P O Box 1500 -- SSC- LLM Huntsville Al abama 35807

(2 05) 895- 3750

Mr Maurice J Sexey E G amp G I n c Mai 1 Stop P- 03 680 E Sunset Road Las Vegas Nevada 89101

(702)736-8111 Ext 427

Mr Richard Boyce I dah o Nuclear Standards Labo ratory Idaho Nucle ar Corporation P O Box 1845 I daho Fall s Idaho 83401

( 20 8) 522 - 6640 Ext 2470

Mr James A Valen t i no Sanders As s oc i at e s In c 95 Canal Street Nas hua New Hampshire 03060

(603)885 -2072

9

ADMINISTRATION COMMITTEES -- James F Hadley

Committee l-A -- Organization Committee

Chairman John R Van de Houten of Bell Aerospace Company

The following is the status of the six Guidelines which are in various stages of completion

1 Guidelines for the Members Delegate Ready for dlstribution

2 Guidelines for the Secretariat Ready for Board of Directors review

3 Guidelines for the Nominations Committee Ready for Board of Directors review

4 Guidelines for Membership Acceptance Being reviewed by the Board of Directors

S Guidelines for the Conference Chairman The preliminary draft prepared by A J Noodlngton lS in the final stages of preparation by W Vandal I t should be ready for review by the Board of Directors sometime in October

6 Guidelines for Financial Operations A draft has been prepared by W McPhee and J Dandeneau and is being reviewed by Organization Committee It is expected that this will be ready for Board of Directors review by Octob e r

As you can see the efforts of last years committee and its chairman A J Woodington are nearing completion It is anti shycipated that all of the Gu i de Line s will be ready for distribushytion to holders of the NCSL Information Man uaI by the end of this year

No additional Guidelines are currently planned but suggestions for new ones are welcome

10

Committee 1-B -- Meetings and Program Committee

Chairman Orville Linebrink of Battelle Memorial Institute

Thirteen regional areas of NCSL membership were established and all but two of these areas have either held meetings or joined with adjacent area groups (See the following table for details) Reports from various attendees have been enthusiastically in favor of continuation of regional meetings at various suggested intershyvals The holding of one meeting per region per year seems a reasonable minimal goal The success of these meetings is entirely due to the efforts of the regional hosts All of these hosts are members of the MampP Committee For the year 1971 the regional hosts were enlisted by the chairman of the MampP Committee To provide good continuity these regional hosts who have held meetings should either be continued as hosts or have them become very active in securing a successor Cutbacks and restricted activity of company personnel has been a problem in some regions and further changes of this nature will be encountered Files of regional correspondence will be forwarded to the new chairman of the MampP Committee

The regional meetings programs have been greatly assisted by the Cost Reduction Committee Ralph Barra Chairman The NCSL Secretariat Office has been very cooperative in providing updated membership lists

The NCSL membership has been most cooperative in the regional meetings Every possible effort should be made to involve all members in some way Sharing of information through questionnaires from the MampP Committee to develop subject matter for local meetings in addition to national committee reports might be a useful tool for next year

11

RIDIONAL MEEI I NG SUMMARY

The following meetings have been held bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

Date Host Region Place Attendance

12-16-70 RJBarra 5 Westinghouse - Baltimore Md 10

3-11-71 GWVincent 11 Electro Scientific Industries 11 Portland Oregon

3-16 JDMitche11 13 Autonetics - Anaheim Calif 34

3-17 ERogers 5 USArmy Harry Diamond Lab 8 Washington DC

4-19 DAntonucci 2 Grumman Aerospace Corp 12 Bethpage NY

5-5 WHMcPhee 1 MIT Draper Lab - Cambridge lass 10

5-7 WMcDill 67 Martin Marietta Company 14 Orlando Fla

5-13 DJGreb 12 Lockheed - Sunnyvale Calif 20

5-20 RY Bailey 8 USAF - Newark Ohio 12

6-16 ERJohnson 5 USNavy - Washington DC 11

7-29 J DNitche11 13 Lobster House Marina Del Ray 28 Los Angeles Calif

9-15 JLee 5 Honeywell Inc - McLean Virginia 10

and the following meetings are pLanned ltII bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

Oct21 HSIngraham 3 RCA - Moorestown NJ Oct27 Novl

TdMcDill JAValentino

67 1

Martin Marietta Co - Orlando Fla l1rr Draper Labs Cambridge Mass

Nov4 DJGreb 12 IEM San Jose Calif Jan12 5 To be armounced

Refer to page 21 of March 71 NCSL Newsletter for map Attendance was not limited to just NCSL members Non-manbers were also

invited and encouraged to participate in the Cost Reduction Report program

To NCSL Me mbe ps

T py to attend y our next regionaZ meetin g

Conta ct yo u r c o opdi n a t or i f one isn t s e t y e t

12

Committee 1-C -- Finance Committee

Chairman D I Hervig of US Army Safeguard

The committee has prepared and submitted to the Board of Directors a proposed budget for calendar year 1972

Committee 1-D -- Nominations Committee

Chairman Mort Angelo of Lockheed--Ca1ifornia

Balloting for the 1971 election of officers was completed on September 10 1971 The committee is now conducting the balloting for Delegates

Commi ttee 1-E - - Honors and Awards Commi ttee

Chairman D J Greb of Lockheed

The committee will determine what awards should be presented at the Member Delegates assembly to be held in June 1972

Committee 1-F -- Audit Committee

Chairman James Dandeneau of Raytheon

An audit of financial records of the organization is being made prior to turning the books over to the newly elected Treas urer

13

PLANN ING CO MM I TTEE S -- Wm L Vandal

Committee 2 -A -- Lon g Range Planning

Chairman Wesley H McPhee of MIT Draper Laboratory

The Long Ran ge Planning Committe has received the compreshyhensive report compiled by last years committee John Van de Houten Chairman

The recommendations will be the main topic of discussion at the next meeting of the Board of Directors It is expected that priorities and goals will be established and a plan for implemenshytation will be decided upon

The new committeets task will be more clearly defined and it is hoped that the output of the committee will set an orderly pattern for continued growth during the coming five year period

Board memb ers are as ke d to prepare themselves for the meeting by a revi ew of the committee recommendations as received at the july meet ing New memb ers and those not present in July will receive copies prior to the scheduled meeting in October

Commi t t e e 2-B -- Na t i on a l Measurement Requirements Commi t t e e

Chairman Ray Bailey of AF Metrology Labs

The measurement requirements which generated from the questionnaire circulated in early 1970 were submitted to NBS on 5 May 1970 No resp onse was received from the NBS The listing of measurement requirements was resubmitted to the Office of Measurement Services on 25 June 1971 No other act ions have been taken by this committee

14

LABORATORY MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION CO~WITTEES -- R J Barra

Committee 3-A -- Measurement Comparison and Statistical Procedures

Committee

Chairman Herbert S Ingraham Jr of RCA

Scop~ To perform technical audits of the national measureshyment system through intercomparison programs and to report all data that result from these programs

The Ratio Comparison portion of the DC-Low Frequency group will be on the road by November 15 1971 The Resistance and Reactance group will also be on the road by November 15 1971

A new coordinator for the Microwave Components groups will be appointed by November 15 1971 also

President Hayes has asked that consideration be given to changing the objectives of this committee to come up with a plan that in lieu of administering the actual physical moveshyment of the comparison package and analyses of the data the committee act in a managerial capacity coming up with a Recomshymended Practice for participation and endorsement of measurement agreement programs and to work with NBS who could be adminisshytrator for the flow of the comparison packages

Committee 3-B -- Specifications Committee

Chairman Carl Boyer Jr of Honeywell Inc

The CALIBRATION SYSTEM SPECIFICATION has received final committee review and approval and is now in the hands of the NCSL Board of Directors for their approval prior to publication

Plans for future action include review and possible revision of the April 1969 Comp i Lat i ori of Government Specifications Affecting Calibration Laboratories and examination o~ the n~ed for and pos s ib le contento f a tl Glo s s ary of Terms Us ed In Spe CIshyfications Affecting Calibration Laboratories ll

15

national Conference 0 StanJarJltJ cfatoratoriej co NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS WASHINGTON D C 20234

PLEASE ADDRESS REPLY TO

Carl Boyer I Jr NCSL Specifications Committee

I Honeywell IncDATA NEEDE PO Box 391 Annapolis Maryland 21404

Committee 3B - Specifications I has been asked to generate a glossary of terms used in specifications controlling calibration activities

The intent of s uc h a document will be to

bull Compile a li st of terms having general application to calibration oriented specifications

bull Accumulate a vailable definitions

bull Establish recommended usage

To provide a u seful document I we need input representative of the total membership of NCSL If you have ever been confused by a spe c ific a t i on term (e g I calibration I accuracy I traceability) I you can help by sending your list to the committee

Se nd your list (de fi n itio n s a nd sources will al so be welcome) to the Spe c ifi shycations Co mmitte e at the Anna poli s address above

Your input will be a ppreciated

Si nc e r e ly

~ -a-7shyCa rl Boye r Jr Chairman Sp ecifi c a t io n s Commit t e e

C B skc

16

Committee 3-C -- Calibration Systems Management Committee

Chairman James A Valentino of Sanders Associates Inc

Scope To develop the management control techniques required for optimum performance of calibration systems to provide cost visibility to managers to provide means to achieve cost reducshytions without degradation of quality through improved methods and procedures

Many of the Cost Visibility Exchange Program reports are finalized and have been issued to participating member laboratories The reports are available to all NCSL member laboratories by request to the Chairman The remaining reports will be forthshycoming shortly

All member delegates are urged to study these reports for they contain informative data

As suggested in the June Newsletter there exists several areas where a particular manufacturers instrument represents a sizeable portion of the family type Table I on page 18 of this newsletter lists instruments of this type and any cost reduction techniques employed on these instruments would have tremendous impact when applied on a national basis

Several sub-committee chairmen are currently investigating procedures of laboratories displaying low calibrationmaintenance times on particular instruments Since calibrationmaintenance times are wide spread for various organizations a standard cali shybration procedure would have considerable cost saving potential

Call for CARR

Few Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports (CARR) were submitted during the past several months The problem was discussed at length at the July NCSL Board of Directors Meeting Discussion centered around the suggestion that one possible reason for a lack of participation by members was fear their management would force an operating reduction to match the doll ars saved I f this is the belief of some member delegates then I suggest these members review their worth to their organization We should all again read the Presidents commentary in the June NCSL Newsletter We must all make a more meaningful contribution to our respective organizations

The Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports have been somewhat simplified to save the originator time in calculating actual savings (See the new form on page 19 of this newsletter) The committee needs these reports if its goal is to be attained The regional coordinators have been the major contributors to date All members are urged to read the existing reports for utilization in their own organization

17

Take a few minutes and submit your idea to your regional coordinators -- NOW -- TODAY

Region I will conduct a Round Robin commencing October 4 1971 Seven (7) member laboratories will participate with Mr Joseph Cameron of NBS acting as monitor

J bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull a bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

MEASUREMENTS AGREEMENT ROUND ROBIN

One of the most significant outcomes of the First Region One NCSL Meeting was the planning and implementation of a Measurements Agreement Round Robin The Round Robin is scheduled to begin October 4th and be completed by November 22nd this year A second data taking run will begin December 6th and end January 31st Seven Major New England Firms have pledged their participation The overall objective is to determine how well each participating laboratory using its own methods and test instrumentation agree with each other All data is coded for obvious reasons The Youden Plot will be the mechanism used to obviate resultant data A meeting will be scheduled after the first data run to discuss any problem areas and to prepare for a second data run utilizing the same s t anda r ds package Participating members in the First Region One Measurements Agreement Round Robin are A Kalisky and H Tobe of AVCO -- Wilmington H Haymes and J Valentino of Sanders Assoc Inc R Fay and R Raposa of Raytheon Co Sub Sig Division R Kidd of Microwave Assoc J Dandeneau and C Morse of Raytheon Co Equipment Div Wes McPhee of MIT Draper Lab and Dr John Hirsch of General Radio Company

(See Calibration

INSTRUII~NT

Electronic Counter

Electronic Counter

Differential Voltmeter

Differential Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Generator

Generator

Generator

Oscillator

Oscillator

Oscilloscope

Osc i lloscope

Oscilloscope

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Pressure Gauge

Pressure Gauge

18

TABLE 1

Systems Management Committee

~IANUFACTunEH

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

John Fluke

John Fluke

Dana

Fairchild

Hewlett Packard

Non-Linear Systems

Hewlett Packard

IIewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Ilewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

nshcr-o r t

Kollsman

Report)

MODEL

524

5245L

80lB

803803B

5600

7050

34403440 series plug-in

481

205A

612A

620A

200CD

650A

175

535

545

CC A

D

lA Series

Various

Various

19 COST AVOIDANCEREDUCTION REPORT

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABOR ATORIES

REVA ORIGINA L SUBMITTAL

REFEREN CE NCSL REPORT NO

COMPA NY I DIVISI ON NCSL REPORT NO

TITLE DATE

OLD METHOD

NEW METHOD

ESTIMATED ACTUAL IF AVAILABLE

NUMBER OF UNITS INVOLVED

TIME SAVINGS PER UNIT mnhrs mnhrs

MAT ERIAL SAVINGS PER UNIT $ $

fiHER SAVINGS $ $

IMPLEMENT AT ION COST S $ $

CONT RIBUTOR IIMPLEMENTATION DAT E NCSL DELEG ATE SIGNATU RE

20

Committee 3-D -- Education and Training Committee

Chairman M H Brenner of The Boeing Company

Scope To provide instructions and procedures for the effective training and education of personnel for metrology laboratories

The Committee has obtained two texts and are reviewing them Concurrently two items of test equipment have been donated by the Beckman Instrument Company and are being processed by the Committees coordinator Dr Morgan Annual objectives have been revised such that the analysis and comment of training texts will be processed and made available to NCSL members as they are completed rather than one annual issue at the conclusion of the year The committee is now targeted to release two such analyses by November 15 1971

The Committee is still seeking members training texts for reviews and any surplus test equipment Contributions of potential members names books or surplus test equipment can be made to any of the listed committee members

M H Brenner Dr Donald E Morgan Head The Boeing Company Dept of Industrial Engineering Metrology Se r vi ce Calif State Polytechnic College Or gn 24720 ]vj S 2P12 San Luis Obispo Calif 93401 Seattle Washington 98124

Robert Wille t Dr Peter Stein Collins Radio Company Arizona State University Cedar Rapids Iowa 53406 Tempe Arizona 85281

D J Franke Carroll G Hughes 902 Appling Avenue Westinghouse Electric Corp Placentia Calif 92670 Box 746 -- MS 550

Baltimore Maryland 21203 Joseph Davis Bendix Company PO Box 1159 Kans as Ci t y Mo

21

COMMUNICATI ON S ampMARKETING COMMITTEES - - W H McPh ee

Committee 4-A -- News le t t e r Committe e

Chairman Wilbur An son of Na t i on a l Bu r eau o f Standards

This issue of th e Newsletter r ep orts f or itself -- issue was del ayed not by th e editor but b y the n ece ssity of wa i t i ng f o r el e ction r eturns on our off conference year May we make this an appe a l for mor e inputs from our membe r laboratori es del egates

Committe e 4-B - - Directory Committe e

Ch airman Le wi s Wears of John Hopkins University

Lewis r eports th e n ew directory to be r e ady for distribution in the v ery near future after a revision of information and f ee d i ng th e comp uter -- an operation that wi l l make futur e directori es e asi er to e d i t

Committ e e 4 -C -- Information Committee

Chairman Robert Verity o f Le eds ampNo r t h r up Co

Bob is now back in circulation followin g an ex t e n de d period of NCS L inactivity c a us e d by l abor probl ems within his c omp a ny

Committe e 4- D -- Calibration Procedures Committ e e

Chairman Martin Vyenielo of Lawrence Radi ation Labo r a t o r y

Marty was r ecently appointed t o the GIDEP Industry advisory bo ard with speci al interest in c alibration procedures distribushytion GIDEP i s working tow ard a pro gram to improve the calibration p ro ce du r e s quality and content They a re presently involved i n a se r ie s o f indoctrinati on clinics NCSL is cooperating in this by p re s e n t i ng the calibration p ro ce d ure s asp e c t of their e f f o r t To date Ch airman Vyeni e10 and Vice President Wesl ey Mc Phee have participated on the East and West coast -- other a reas are s che d ule d GIDEP welcomes ideas for improvin g the c a l i b r a t ion procedures distribution -- submit comments and ideas through the Ch airman or through the ALERT s ystem s et up for r eporting prob l em areas

22

Committ ee 4-E -- Recommended Practices Committe e

Chairman Elmo R Johnson of U S Navy

Al l r ecommended practices submitted have b een distributed for board members app r ov a l prior to gen e ral distribution for insertion in the information manu al in the near futur e El mo has ch anged h ats and is pres ently with the Navy Chief of Naval Material s 740 Crystal Plaza Jeffe r s on Davis Hi ghway Washington DC 20360

I~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbull middot~~~ bullbull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

CPEM 72

Conference on Pr ec i s i on Ele ctroma gnetic Measure ments wi l l b e held June 26 -29 197 2 at Boulder Colorado

A call for papers has been issued For information relatin g to the t echnical program write t o

Dr Harold S Boyne Radio Building Room 4075 Nat i on al Bureau of St anda r ds Boulder Colorado 80302

For gene r a l information on the Conference write to

Ge orge Goulette Director Bureau of Conferences and Institure s University of Colorado Boulder Col orado 8030 2

23

O I N T

MEASUREME T

ONFERENCE June 21-23 1972 at Boulder Colorado

STEERING COMMITTEE PLEASE REPLY TO

JOINT MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE A J Woodington Chaiman

rC~n poundr ~ 1 U tl3 f111 C5 ~Ofl a ~ Aogt n H p c e lt) ) PRESS RELEASE

Am~ -ic n Soc I e ty tor O II y (on p)1

A J oint Measurement Conference the first in a potential series will be held June 21-23 1972 at Boulder

Andrew F Dunn Colorado The keynote of the Conference - THE ROLE AND N H I 0 I ee s e a r c h Co nlt1 o f L ana d a

l n s t s t c t e fo r Ele trc 1 VALUE OF MEASUREMENT - is also the theme of the opening ~ tl ogttt ro n 1( l (l~l neer s

address to be presented by Lewis M Branscomb Director o f the National Bureau of Standards US Department of Conunerce

Ptr K Stein ( Afl lon a S t e t c Ul ~H ~ t ~)

IA~ t T urIle~ ~o C I j o le r lC The joint aspects of this Conference are indicated by the list of sponsors

Ameri can Society for Qua l i t y Control - Electronics W ilbur J Anson DivisionMetrology Technical Conunittee

( p I)n 1 ~u tJ u r ~ 1 ne l( j ~ rh t l o llal vc n t e r e nc e o j S l noj r d Le oo r Lor 11(1 Institute for Electrical and Electronics

Engineers-Group on Instrumentation and Measurement

A K Edgerton Instrument Society o f America-Metrology Division s e e c q ~ l o r e ll ~ n t 10 5 50gtlt I 1 10 11

National Bureau of Standards

National Conference of Standards Laboratories

Joseph M Cameron Precision Measurements Association gtjH Onl Bu-ta u o S la n(lardi

The purpose of the meeting is to promote the intershydisciplinary exchange of technical and managerial meas-

Helmut A Altschuler urement co n ce p t s The underlying theme i s that ideally l q ~~~ ~~~~f ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~ Technical personnel should utilize the Measurement

1l ~ ( V OrM 9 H ( H ~alulemeH ~ science concepts in all phases of product evolution shyresearch design devel opment manufacturing maintenance and quality control The techniques of a systems a p proach to accurate meaningful measurements will be emphasized as a powerful tool for both Management and Technical personnel The sessions will stress that many if not all measurement disciplines are required in the solution of softwarehardware oriented measurement problems

The Conference to be held at the NBS Boulder Laboratories is organized into 6 consecutive half-day sessions The general topic of the first day The Why of Measurement is explored in sessions on The Measurement Effort as a Resour ce for Management and as a Technical Res ource The How of Mea surement is covered in sessions on Physical Processes in Sensors Transducers Detectors and Intershydisciplinary Solutions to Problems and the Where of Measurement is discussed in sessions on Systems Metrology and Measurement-Oriented Engineers from our Campuses

Attendees of the Joint Measurement Con f e r e n c e have the opp o r t un i t y to take in a conference doubleheader as the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurement meets in Boulder June 26-29

24

STANDARDS LABORATORIES WITHER OR NOT

DO YOU HAVE A RE ACTION

President Hayes posed challenging questions in his editori al in the June NCSL News l e t t e r Essentially its a matter of standshyards labor atories demonstrating an impact upon their companys product For some st and ards laboratories it could be a matter of survival The crucial question is Can the qu ality and consistency of a companys product be maintained without the existence of a company standards laboratory

One type of r eaction containing a t echnical approach is contained in the letter Glenn Engen wr ote me How ab out it -shyDoes anyone else have a reaction to either the Hayes editorial my comments above or Glenn Engens l etter If so then write to me and maybe we can promote an interchange of viewpoints via the Newsletter

Wilbur Anson Edi tor

U OEPA TMENT OF COMMERCE Nationa l Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

To W J Anson Editor NCSL Newsletter

From G F En gen Electromagnetics Division NBS

Sub je c t Comment on Hayes Recent Edi t or i a l

President Hayes has pos ed a real chall en ge to those of us in st andards laboratories In a word the questi on is What c an we do to improve our relevance

The purp ose of this l etter is to call attention t o the r esults of s ome recent work at NBS which n ow makes pos s i b le a mor e meaningful interacti on between the calibration laborat ory an d the groups it serves

Historically a major obstacl e to this interaction has be en the connector problem Until r ecently p r e c i s Lon connect ors have been regarded as an e s s en t i al e le men t to accurat e measurements at UHF and microwave frequencies and their use has been adopted and promoted by standards laboratories

On the o t he r hand the field equipment is usually provided with a different c onn e ct or This confronts the us er with the probl em of e i t he r converting his e qu i pmen t to the pr e c i s i on connector or with an a dap t or e val uat ion prob Lem The f ormer s 01 ut ion II is

25

usually impossibl e for e con omi c or ot he r practical reasons while the probl ems asso c i a te d with adaptor evaluation tend t o negate the p otential con t r i bu t i on o f the calibrati on laborat ory As a cons equence there is a substanti al void between the world o f the standards laboratory and that of the fi eld us ers

As a r e sult of recent NBS e ff or t it is n ow possibl e for an important group o f measurement probl ems to provide the user with improved accuracy (o r accuracy potential) without imp osing th e condition that the conn e ctors on his equipment or gear be conshyverted to some p r e c i s i ori ( ) t yp e To be mor e sp eci fi c the measurement o f power and r elated p arameters can n ow be e ffected in a way which s ubs t an t i a l l y minimi ze s the dependenc e upon conshynector properti es In a recent e xp e r i men t fo r exampl e the ordin ary Type N connect or per formed as well as the GPC-7 an d sub stantially better than ce rtain Lmpro ve d Type N connectors

It must be a dmi t t e d however that the reali zation of this bene fit does call fo r s ome re-direction of existin g practice In parshyticular thi s ins ensitivity t o connector properti e s i s a ch ie ved on l y f or certain terminal i nva r i an t parameters o r meas ur an ds Thes e include f or e xample the e f fe ct i ve eff i c i en cy of a bol ometer mount but n ot the c a l i bra t i on f ac t or Apar t f rom the initi al chan ge ove r probl ems h owe ve r the us e of the terminal invariant parameters as the basis f or a cal i bra t i on service provide s certain advan t ages i n additi on t o e l i mi n a t ion of the precisi on connector requirement In particul ar a s ub s tan t i a l simpli fication in the proce dures for the evaluati on of mi smatch corrections i s re alized

By way o f comparis on it may be noted th at the e xi sting practice is heavily ori ented in the di recti on of telling the user how his de v i ce would behave in an ide al world (Name ly one where a ll other components are perfectl y matched or re flectionless and fitt ed with i deal connectors ) More ove r the standards lab orato r y usually e xp ends a substanti al eff or t to in sure th at its calibration systems c l ose ly appr oximate these criteria

Unfortunatel y the us er who wi shes t o make optimum use of s uch calibration r esults must f i r s t de t e r mi ne to what e x t en t his s ystem di ffers from thos e f oun d in the ideal world The answers t o thes e questions involve rtmismat ch co r re ct i on s Thes e in turn require compl e x impedance me asurements an d computations which are often be yond the field personnel

The implicit r eference to an i de a l worl d may b e avo i ded when terminal invari ant quantiti es are chos en as the b asis of th e calibration s ervice In particul ar the procedure is to cali shybr ate the di f f erent t ype s of components (eg b olometer mounts a t t enua t or s etc ) in t erms of cert ain fund amental properti es which are the same irre spective of the sys t em in which the component i s us ed and moreover which do not pre suppo se that the comp onent is f i t t ed with ide al wave guide l eads The

26

mismatch corrections now takes the form of evaluating cer t a i n Lnt e r ac t i on terms between the component and the system in which it is used Although this falls to the lot of the us r and does require some effort the requirement for complex impedance measurements has been eliminated When these proposed changes are adopted the role of the user who wishes to make the best use of the calibration results is thus simplified while the accuracy potential for the user who ignores these corrections is nominally the same

The theoretical background for these remarks will be found in the writers paper Powe r Equations A New Concept in the Descriptions and Evaluation of Microwave Systems (IEEE Trans on Instr and Meas Vol 1M-20 Feb 1971)

From wh a t has been said it will be recognized that the major thrust of this effort is to make better use of existing hardware rather than ti e improved accuracy to more stringent hardware specifications

Although the development and extension of these concepts is continuing at NBS the basic groundwork is well established and promises to play a major role in tomorrows I world It appears that the c a l i b r a t i on laboratories could provide a real service by introducing the user groups to these ideas

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

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HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

6

In the absence of Herb Ingraham Ralph Barra made the r e po rt on the activities of the Measurement Comparison and Stat ist i cal Procedures Committee Following discussions 0 t he report President Hayes recommended that considera tio n be given to changing the objective of this c ommi t t e e t o come up wi t h a plan that in lieu of admi niste ring the actua l p ys ic ~ l moveshyment of the comparison packages and ana lyses o f the da t a the committee act in a manage r i a c a pacity c o mi ng up with a Recommended Practice for part i c i patio n a nd e ndorsement of measurement agreement programs a nd t o wor w th N BS who could be administrator for t he fl ow of the comparison packages

Ralph Barra reported o n the Re g onal meetings and empha s ized the need to get me mbers to submit the i r c o s t savings i de a s to the coordinators The reticence on the p a r t of members to submit cost savings for fear the i r management would press for a reduction to match the dol l a r s claimed caused considerable discussion which resulted in a n assignment to be made to the committee to review the means b y which they ade cost savings Visible Maybe the units of mea s u r e me n t are erroneous perhaps they should be shown in t e r ms of increased productivity and goals set

Don Hervig proposed that NCSL cons i de r establishing an annual scholarship The Education a n d Tr a i n i ng Committee was a s ke d to look into a scholarship or e qu i va ent on an annual bas i s Determine methods of qualifica t i on selection and whether the recipient should be a school or an individual

Newsletter Editor Anson annOUD e d that the Associate Editor Wilbur Snyder would be retir i ng in c t o be r a nd the Editor would therefore need someo ne t o he lp with future Newsshyletters (Note Any Colorado De l e g a t e s are urged to contact Wilbur Anson to serve in this capac i t y )

Mr Anson made a report on t he ac t i v i ti e s in reference to the Current Awareness Service He s t a t e d that there were 43 paid subscribers which was below forec as t ilbu r asked for assistance in making known t o ind i vi du a s o r companies the efforts of the Current Awarenes s Serv i ce by submitting to him the names of potential users He wi l l then forward publicity releases to them As an aid to i nc r e a s i ng distribution of the publication it was suggested that perhaps a name change emphasizing in the title that othe r areas besi es electroshymagnetic metro l ogy were inc Iud d Wes McPhee was given the assignment to have his informa t i o committee get i n touch with Wilbur Anson and work ou t a plan for the more effective marketing of the publication Th e Board approved $1000 for continued support of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service publication

7

Wilbur Anson b r i e f e d the Board o n the progress of the Joint Measure ment Conference to be he l d in Boulder Colorado in June 197 2 A mo t i o n to support the conference to the amount o f $1 000 wa s made and approved by Board ac t i on Jim Hadley made an appeal for speakers who cou l d prese n t a speech covering the basic tipic Measurement Ef f o rt as a Resou r c e for Manageshyment He prefers someone not f r m Ae r os ac e or DO D He is to be contacted directly with a ny ug ge s t ed names

Wes McPhee reported on the status o f the 9 7 Di r e c t o r y and indicated that it was almost rea d y to go to p r e s s

The new Chairman of the Calibrat i o n Procedure Co mmi t t e e Mary Vyenielo made an extensive report on the state of the GIDEP library Considerable discussion was held on the purging and updating of the existing procedures

The recommended Practices Committee under Elmo Johnson will soon release the Calibration Systems Specification for review by the Board of Directors If approved by the Board it will be released as a Tentative Recommended Practice

President Hayes requested Bill Vandal to have his committee working on the metric system conversion study to come forth with an impact report by October 1st

Steve Kozich made a report on the Weights and Measures Week He stated that it was his opinion that we should exert ourselves to push an d pub I icize Weights and Measures Week since it helps our profession It really brings to light the benefits of the metrologist in calibration technology etc Steve made a very interesting presentation on the history of the National Weights and Measures Week He recommends that we include in NCSL in some manner the Chiefs of the Bureau o f Weights and Measures of all the states His reasoning is t ha t they control the laws for measurement Frank Dyce was given the assignment to have the Membership Committee draft a letter to the States Chie~of Weights and Measures inviting them to join NCSL Letters to be signed by NCSL President

President Hayes recommended that t he Long Range Planning Committee should be a function of the Exec u t ive Vice President and should include the Past Presidents He would also have at his disposal the full Board

Wes McPhee was requested to put together a Recommended Practice procedure for the equipment storage and retirement of test equipment

8

BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR 1972

Pre s ident

Fr ank J Dy ce Martin Mar ie t t a Corporation Mail Point 498 P O Box 5837 Orlando Florida 32805

( 305) 855- 6100 Ext 4488

Executive Vice President

Ral ph Barra We st i ng ho use El ec t ri c Corpo rat ion Mai l Stop 504 Box 746 Bal timore Maryland 21203

(301)765 -4560

Vice Pr esidents

Ray Y Bailey USAF Calibration ampMetrology Di v Newa r k Ai r Force Base Newa r k Ohio 43055

(614)3 44- 2171 Ext 670

J D Mi t che ll D369 C02 Aut one t i cs 3370 Mira10ma Aven ue Anahe im Cali fornia 9 2803

( 714) 632- 3685

Donal d J Greb Lock heed Missiles ampSpace Company Sunnyvale California 94088

(408)742 - 5774

Wesley H McPhee M I T Draper Laboratory 224 Albany Street Cambridge Mass 0213 5

(617) 864 -6900 Ext 2460

Se cr e t a r y

Mort Ange 10 Lockheed-California Company PO Box 551 Burb ank Cali f orni a 915 03

(2 13) 847- 2342

Treasurer Paul H Hunter Western Elect ric Company I nc Depa rtment 12 WL 31262 3300 Lexington Road Winston-Salem N C 27102

(919) 784 -3117

Sponsors De le gate Joseph M Cameron Institute for Bas ic St an dar ds Nat i on al Bureau of Standards Washington D C 20234

(3 01) 92 1-2 805

Past Pres iden t

Jer ry L Hayes US Navy Plant Repre sentat ive Met rology En gi nee r i n g Center 16 75 W Mi ss ion Blvd PO Box 2507 Pomona Calif 91766

( 714) 629 - 5111 Ext 3010

Dele gate s

Mr Carl Boye r Jr Honeywell I n c Test I ns t r umen t s Divi sion P O Box 391 Annapolis Maryland 21404

( 301)263- 2661

Mr Don I Her vig US Ar my Safe guar d Systems Command P O Box 1500 -- SSC- LLM Huntsville Al abama 35807

(2 05) 895- 3750

Mr Maurice J Sexey E G amp G I n c Mai 1 Stop P- 03 680 E Sunset Road Las Vegas Nevada 89101

(702)736-8111 Ext 427

Mr Richard Boyce I dah o Nuclear Standards Labo ratory Idaho Nucle ar Corporation P O Box 1845 I daho Fall s Idaho 83401

( 20 8) 522 - 6640 Ext 2470

Mr James A Valen t i no Sanders As s oc i at e s In c 95 Canal Street Nas hua New Hampshire 03060

(603)885 -2072

9

ADMINISTRATION COMMITTEES -- James F Hadley

Committee l-A -- Organization Committee

Chairman John R Van de Houten of Bell Aerospace Company

The following is the status of the six Guidelines which are in various stages of completion

1 Guidelines for the Members Delegate Ready for dlstribution

2 Guidelines for the Secretariat Ready for Board of Directors review

3 Guidelines for the Nominations Committee Ready for Board of Directors review

4 Guidelines for Membership Acceptance Being reviewed by the Board of Directors

S Guidelines for the Conference Chairman The preliminary draft prepared by A J Noodlngton lS in the final stages of preparation by W Vandal I t should be ready for review by the Board of Directors sometime in October

6 Guidelines for Financial Operations A draft has been prepared by W McPhee and J Dandeneau and is being reviewed by Organization Committee It is expected that this will be ready for Board of Directors review by Octob e r

As you can see the efforts of last years committee and its chairman A J Woodington are nearing completion It is anti shycipated that all of the Gu i de Line s will be ready for distribushytion to holders of the NCSL Information Man uaI by the end of this year

No additional Guidelines are currently planned but suggestions for new ones are welcome

10

Committee 1-B -- Meetings and Program Committee

Chairman Orville Linebrink of Battelle Memorial Institute

Thirteen regional areas of NCSL membership were established and all but two of these areas have either held meetings or joined with adjacent area groups (See the following table for details) Reports from various attendees have been enthusiastically in favor of continuation of regional meetings at various suggested intershyvals The holding of one meeting per region per year seems a reasonable minimal goal The success of these meetings is entirely due to the efforts of the regional hosts All of these hosts are members of the MampP Committee For the year 1971 the regional hosts were enlisted by the chairman of the MampP Committee To provide good continuity these regional hosts who have held meetings should either be continued as hosts or have them become very active in securing a successor Cutbacks and restricted activity of company personnel has been a problem in some regions and further changes of this nature will be encountered Files of regional correspondence will be forwarded to the new chairman of the MampP Committee

The regional meetings programs have been greatly assisted by the Cost Reduction Committee Ralph Barra Chairman The NCSL Secretariat Office has been very cooperative in providing updated membership lists

The NCSL membership has been most cooperative in the regional meetings Every possible effort should be made to involve all members in some way Sharing of information through questionnaires from the MampP Committee to develop subject matter for local meetings in addition to national committee reports might be a useful tool for next year

11

RIDIONAL MEEI I NG SUMMARY

The following meetings have been held bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

Date Host Region Place Attendance

12-16-70 RJBarra 5 Westinghouse - Baltimore Md 10

3-11-71 GWVincent 11 Electro Scientific Industries 11 Portland Oregon

3-16 JDMitche11 13 Autonetics - Anaheim Calif 34

3-17 ERogers 5 USArmy Harry Diamond Lab 8 Washington DC

4-19 DAntonucci 2 Grumman Aerospace Corp 12 Bethpage NY

5-5 WHMcPhee 1 MIT Draper Lab - Cambridge lass 10

5-7 WMcDill 67 Martin Marietta Company 14 Orlando Fla

5-13 DJGreb 12 Lockheed - Sunnyvale Calif 20

5-20 RY Bailey 8 USAF - Newark Ohio 12

6-16 ERJohnson 5 USNavy - Washington DC 11

7-29 J DNitche11 13 Lobster House Marina Del Ray 28 Los Angeles Calif

9-15 JLee 5 Honeywell Inc - McLean Virginia 10

and the following meetings are pLanned ltII bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

Oct21 HSIngraham 3 RCA - Moorestown NJ Oct27 Novl

TdMcDill JAValentino

67 1

Martin Marietta Co - Orlando Fla l1rr Draper Labs Cambridge Mass

Nov4 DJGreb 12 IEM San Jose Calif Jan12 5 To be armounced

Refer to page 21 of March 71 NCSL Newsletter for map Attendance was not limited to just NCSL members Non-manbers were also

invited and encouraged to participate in the Cost Reduction Report program

To NCSL Me mbe ps

T py to attend y our next regionaZ meetin g

Conta ct yo u r c o opdi n a t or i f one isn t s e t y e t

12

Committee 1-C -- Finance Committee

Chairman D I Hervig of US Army Safeguard

The committee has prepared and submitted to the Board of Directors a proposed budget for calendar year 1972

Committee 1-D -- Nominations Committee

Chairman Mort Angelo of Lockheed--Ca1ifornia

Balloting for the 1971 election of officers was completed on September 10 1971 The committee is now conducting the balloting for Delegates

Commi ttee 1-E - - Honors and Awards Commi ttee

Chairman D J Greb of Lockheed

The committee will determine what awards should be presented at the Member Delegates assembly to be held in June 1972

Committee 1-F -- Audit Committee

Chairman James Dandeneau of Raytheon

An audit of financial records of the organization is being made prior to turning the books over to the newly elected Treas urer

13

PLANN ING CO MM I TTEE S -- Wm L Vandal

Committee 2 -A -- Lon g Range Planning

Chairman Wesley H McPhee of MIT Draper Laboratory

The Long Ran ge Planning Committe has received the compreshyhensive report compiled by last years committee John Van de Houten Chairman

The recommendations will be the main topic of discussion at the next meeting of the Board of Directors It is expected that priorities and goals will be established and a plan for implemenshytation will be decided upon

The new committeets task will be more clearly defined and it is hoped that the output of the committee will set an orderly pattern for continued growth during the coming five year period

Board memb ers are as ke d to prepare themselves for the meeting by a revi ew of the committee recommendations as received at the july meet ing New memb ers and those not present in July will receive copies prior to the scheduled meeting in October

Commi t t e e 2-B -- Na t i on a l Measurement Requirements Commi t t e e

Chairman Ray Bailey of AF Metrology Labs

The measurement requirements which generated from the questionnaire circulated in early 1970 were submitted to NBS on 5 May 1970 No resp onse was received from the NBS The listing of measurement requirements was resubmitted to the Office of Measurement Services on 25 June 1971 No other act ions have been taken by this committee

14

LABORATORY MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION CO~WITTEES -- R J Barra

Committee 3-A -- Measurement Comparison and Statistical Procedures

Committee

Chairman Herbert S Ingraham Jr of RCA

Scop~ To perform technical audits of the national measureshyment system through intercomparison programs and to report all data that result from these programs

The Ratio Comparison portion of the DC-Low Frequency group will be on the road by November 15 1971 The Resistance and Reactance group will also be on the road by November 15 1971

A new coordinator for the Microwave Components groups will be appointed by November 15 1971 also

President Hayes has asked that consideration be given to changing the objectives of this committee to come up with a plan that in lieu of administering the actual physical moveshyment of the comparison package and analyses of the data the committee act in a managerial capacity coming up with a Recomshymended Practice for participation and endorsement of measurement agreement programs and to work with NBS who could be adminisshytrator for the flow of the comparison packages

Committee 3-B -- Specifications Committee

Chairman Carl Boyer Jr of Honeywell Inc

The CALIBRATION SYSTEM SPECIFICATION has received final committee review and approval and is now in the hands of the NCSL Board of Directors for their approval prior to publication

Plans for future action include review and possible revision of the April 1969 Comp i Lat i ori of Government Specifications Affecting Calibration Laboratories and examination o~ the n~ed for and pos s ib le contento f a tl Glo s s ary of Terms Us ed In Spe CIshyfications Affecting Calibration Laboratories ll

15

national Conference 0 StanJarJltJ cfatoratoriej co NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS WASHINGTON D C 20234

PLEASE ADDRESS REPLY TO

Carl Boyer I Jr NCSL Specifications Committee

I Honeywell IncDATA NEEDE PO Box 391 Annapolis Maryland 21404

Committee 3B - Specifications I has been asked to generate a glossary of terms used in specifications controlling calibration activities

The intent of s uc h a document will be to

bull Compile a li st of terms having general application to calibration oriented specifications

bull Accumulate a vailable definitions

bull Establish recommended usage

To provide a u seful document I we need input representative of the total membership of NCSL If you have ever been confused by a spe c ific a t i on term (e g I calibration I accuracy I traceability) I you can help by sending your list to the committee

Se nd your list (de fi n itio n s a nd sources will al so be welcome) to the Spe c ifi shycations Co mmitte e at the Anna poli s address above

Your input will be a ppreciated

Si nc e r e ly

~ -a-7shyCa rl Boye r Jr Chairman Sp ecifi c a t io n s Commit t e e

C B skc

16

Committee 3-C -- Calibration Systems Management Committee

Chairman James A Valentino of Sanders Associates Inc

Scope To develop the management control techniques required for optimum performance of calibration systems to provide cost visibility to managers to provide means to achieve cost reducshytions without degradation of quality through improved methods and procedures

Many of the Cost Visibility Exchange Program reports are finalized and have been issued to participating member laboratories The reports are available to all NCSL member laboratories by request to the Chairman The remaining reports will be forthshycoming shortly

All member delegates are urged to study these reports for they contain informative data

As suggested in the June Newsletter there exists several areas where a particular manufacturers instrument represents a sizeable portion of the family type Table I on page 18 of this newsletter lists instruments of this type and any cost reduction techniques employed on these instruments would have tremendous impact when applied on a national basis

Several sub-committee chairmen are currently investigating procedures of laboratories displaying low calibrationmaintenance times on particular instruments Since calibrationmaintenance times are wide spread for various organizations a standard cali shybration procedure would have considerable cost saving potential

Call for CARR

Few Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports (CARR) were submitted during the past several months The problem was discussed at length at the July NCSL Board of Directors Meeting Discussion centered around the suggestion that one possible reason for a lack of participation by members was fear their management would force an operating reduction to match the doll ars saved I f this is the belief of some member delegates then I suggest these members review their worth to their organization We should all again read the Presidents commentary in the June NCSL Newsletter We must all make a more meaningful contribution to our respective organizations

The Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports have been somewhat simplified to save the originator time in calculating actual savings (See the new form on page 19 of this newsletter) The committee needs these reports if its goal is to be attained The regional coordinators have been the major contributors to date All members are urged to read the existing reports for utilization in their own organization

17

Take a few minutes and submit your idea to your regional coordinators -- NOW -- TODAY

Region I will conduct a Round Robin commencing October 4 1971 Seven (7) member laboratories will participate with Mr Joseph Cameron of NBS acting as monitor

J bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull a bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

MEASUREMENTS AGREEMENT ROUND ROBIN

One of the most significant outcomes of the First Region One NCSL Meeting was the planning and implementation of a Measurements Agreement Round Robin The Round Robin is scheduled to begin October 4th and be completed by November 22nd this year A second data taking run will begin December 6th and end January 31st Seven Major New England Firms have pledged their participation The overall objective is to determine how well each participating laboratory using its own methods and test instrumentation agree with each other All data is coded for obvious reasons The Youden Plot will be the mechanism used to obviate resultant data A meeting will be scheduled after the first data run to discuss any problem areas and to prepare for a second data run utilizing the same s t anda r ds package Participating members in the First Region One Measurements Agreement Round Robin are A Kalisky and H Tobe of AVCO -- Wilmington H Haymes and J Valentino of Sanders Assoc Inc R Fay and R Raposa of Raytheon Co Sub Sig Division R Kidd of Microwave Assoc J Dandeneau and C Morse of Raytheon Co Equipment Div Wes McPhee of MIT Draper Lab and Dr John Hirsch of General Radio Company

(See Calibration

INSTRUII~NT

Electronic Counter

Electronic Counter

Differential Voltmeter

Differential Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Generator

Generator

Generator

Oscillator

Oscillator

Oscilloscope

Osc i lloscope

Oscilloscope

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Pressure Gauge

Pressure Gauge

18

TABLE 1

Systems Management Committee

~IANUFACTunEH

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

John Fluke

John Fluke

Dana

Fairchild

Hewlett Packard

Non-Linear Systems

Hewlett Packard

IIewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Ilewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

nshcr-o r t

Kollsman

Report)

MODEL

524

5245L

80lB

803803B

5600

7050

34403440 series plug-in

481

205A

612A

620A

200CD

650A

175

535

545

CC A

D

lA Series

Various

Various

19 COST AVOIDANCEREDUCTION REPORT

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABOR ATORIES

REVA ORIGINA L SUBMITTAL

REFEREN CE NCSL REPORT NO

COMPA NY I DIVISI ON NCSL REPORT NO

TITLE DATE

OLD METHOD

NEW METHOD

ESTIMATED ACTUAL IF AVAILABLE

NUMBER OF UNITS INVOLVED

TIME SAVINGS PER UNIT mnhrs mnhrs

MAT ERIAL SAVINGS PER UNIT $ $

fiHER SAVINGS $ $

IMPLEMENT AT ION COST S $ $

CONT RIBUTOR IIMPLEMENTATION DAT E NCSL DELEG ATE SIGNATU RE

20

Committee 3-D -- Education and Training Committee

Chairman M H Brenner of The Boeing Company

Scope To provide instructions and procedures for the effective training and education of personnel for metrology laboratories

The Committee has obtained two texts and are reviewing them Concurrently two items of test equipment have been donated by the Beckman Instrument Company and are being processed by the Committees coordinator Dr Morgan Annual objectives have been revised such that the analysis and comment of training texts will be processed and made available to NCSL members as they are completed rather than one annual issue at the conclusion of the year The committee is now targeted to release two such analyses by November 15 1971

The Committee is still seeking members training texts for reviews and any surplus test equipment Contributions of potential members names books or surplus test equipment can be made to any of the listed committee members

M H Brenner Dr Donald E Morgan Head The Boeing Company Dept of Industrial Engineering Metrology Se r vi ce Calif State Polytechnic College Or gn 24720 ]vj S 2P12 San Luis Obispo Calif 93401 Seattle Washington 98124

Robert Wille t Dr Peter Stein Collins Radio Company Arizona State University Cedar Rapids Iowa 53406 Tempe Arizona 85281

D J Franke Carroll G Hughes 902 Appling Avenue Westinghouse Electric Corp Placentia Calif 92670 Box 746 -- MS 550

Baltimore Maryland 21203 Joseph Davis Bendix Company PO Box 1159 Kans as Ci t y Mo

21

COMMUNICATI ON S ampMARKETING COMMITTEES - - W H McPh ee

Committee 4-A -- News le t t e r Committe e

Chairman Wilbur An son of Na t i on a l Bu r eau o f Standards

This issue of th e Newsletter r ep orts f or itself -- issue was del ayed not by th e editor but b y the n ece ssity of wa i t i ng f o r el e ction r eturns on our off conference year May we make this an appe a l for mor e inputs from our membe r laboratori es del egates

Committe e 4-B - - Directory Committe e

Ch airman Le wi s Wears of John Hopkins University

Lewis r eports th e n ew directory to be r e ady for distribution in the v ery near future after a revision of information and f ee d i ng th e comp uter -- an operation that wi l l make futur e directori es e asi er to e d i t

Committ e e 4 -C -- Information Committee

Chairman Robert Verity o f Le eds ampNo r t h r up Co

Bob is now back in circulation followin g an ex t e n de d period of NCS L inactivity c a us e d by l abor probl ems within his c omp a ny

Committe e 4- D -- Calibration Procedures Committ e e

Chairman Martin Vyenielo of Lawrence Radi ation Labo r a t o r y

Marty was r ecently appointed t o the GIDEP Industry advisory bo ard with speci al interest in c alibration procedures distribushytion GIDEP i s working tow ard a pro gram to improve the calibration p ro ce du r e s quality and content They a re presently involved i n a se r ie s o f indoctrinati on clinics NCSL is cooperating in this by p re s e n t i ng the calibration p ro ce d ure s asp e c t of their e f f o r t To date Ch airman Vyeni e10 and Vice President Wesl ey Mc Phee have participated on the East and West coast -- other a reas are s che d ule d GIDEP welcomes ideas for improvin g the c a l i b r a t ion procedures distribution -- submit comments and ideas through the Ch airman or through the ALERT s ystem s et up for r eporting prob l em areas

22

Committ ee 4-E -- Recommended Practices Committe e

Chairman Elmo R Johnson of U S Navy

Al l r ecommended practices submitted have b een distributed for board members app r ov a l prior to gen e ral distribution for insertion in the information manu al in the near futur e El mo has ch anged h ats and is pres ently with the Navy Chief of Naval Material s 740 Crystal Plaza Jeffe r s on Davis Hi ghway Washington DC 20360

I~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbull middot~~~ bullbull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

CPEM 72

Conference on Pr ec i s i on Ele ctroma gnetic Measure ments wi l l b e held June 26 -29 197 2 at Boulder Colorado

A call for papers has been issued For information relatin g to the t echnical program write t o

Dr Harold S Boyne Radio Building Room 4075 Nat i on al Bureau of St anda r ds Boulder Colorado 80302

For gene r a l information on the Conference write to

Ge orge Goulette Director Bureau of Conferences and Institure s University of Colorado Boulder Col orado 8030 2

23

O I N T

MEASUREME T

ONFERENCE June 21-23 1972 at Boulder Colorado

STEERING COMMITTEE PLEASE REPLY TO

JOINT MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE A J Woodington Chaiman

rC~n poundr ~ 1 U tl3 f111 C5 ~Ofl a ~ Aogt n H p c e lt) ) PRESS RELEASE

Am~ -ic n Soc I e ty tor O II y (on p)1

A J oint Measurement Conference the first in a potential series will be held June 21-23 1972 at Boulder

Andrew F Dunn Colorado The keynote of the Conference - THE ROLE AND N H I 0 I ee s e a r c h Co nlt1 o f L ana d a

l n s t s t c t e fo r Ele trc 1 VALUE OF MEASUREMENT - is also the theme of the opening ~ tl ogttt ro n 1( l (l~l neer s

address to be presented by Lewis M Branscomb Director o f the National Bureau of Standards US Department of Conunerce

Ptr K Stein ( Afl lon a S t e t c Ul ~H ~ t ~)

IA~ t T urIle~ ~o C I j o le r lC The joint aspects of this Conference are indicated by the list of sponsors

Ameri can Society for Qua l i t y Control - Electronics W ilbur J Anson DivisionMetrology Technical Conunittee

( p I)n 1 ~u tJ u r ~ 1 ne l( j ~ rh t l o llal vc n t e r e nc e o j S l noj r d Le oo r Lor 11(1 Institute for Electrical and Electronics

Engineers-Group on Instrumentation and Measurement

A K Edgerton Instrument Society o f America-Metrology Division s e e c q ~ l o r e ll ~ n t 10 5 50gtlt I 1 10 11

National Bureau of Standards

National Conference of Standards Laboratories

Joseph M Cameron Precision Measurements Association gtjH Onl Bu-ta u o S la n(lardi

The purpose of the meeting is to promote the intershydisciplinary exchange of technical and managerial meas-

Helmut A Altschuler urement co n ce p t s The underlying theme i s that ideally l q ~~~ ~~~~f ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~ Technical personnel should utilize the Measurement

1l ~ ( V OrM 9 H ( H ~alulemeH ~ science concepts in all phases of product evolution shyresearch design devel opment manufacturing maintenance and quality control The techniques of a systems a p proach to accurate meaningful measurements will be emphasized as a powerful tool for both Management and Technical personnel The sessions will stress that many if not all measurement disciplines are required in the solution of softwarehardware oriented measurement problems

The Conference to be held at the NBS Boulder Laboratories is organized into 6 consecutive half-day sessions The general topic of the first day The Why of Measurement is explored in sessions on The Measurement Effort as a Resour ce for Management and as a Technical Res ource The How of Mea surement is covered in sessions on Physical Processes in Sensors Transducers Detectors and Intershydisciplinary Solutions to Problems and the Where of Measurement is discussed in sessions on Systems Metrology and Measurement-Oriented Engineers from our Campuses

Attendees of the Joint Measurement Con f e r e n c e have the opp o r t un i t y to take in a conference doubleheader as the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurement meets in Boulder June 26-29

24

STANDARDS LABORATORIES WITHER OR NOT

DO YOU HAVE A RE ACTION

President Hayes posed challenging questions in his editori al in the June NCSL News l e t t e r Essentially its a matter of standshyards labor atories demonstrating an impact upon their companys product For some st and ards laboratories it could be a matter of survival The crucial question is Can the qu ality and consistency of a companys product be maintained without the existence of a company standards laboratory

One type of r eaction containing a t echnical approach is contained in the letter Glenn Engen wr ote me How ab out it -shyDoes anyone else have a reaction to either the Hayes editorial my comments above or Glenn Engens l etter If so then write to me and maybe we can promote an interchange of viewpoints via the Newsletter

Wilbur Anson Edi tor

U OEPA TMENT OF COMMERCE Nationa l Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

To W J Anson Editor NCSL Newsletter

From G F En gen Electromagnetics Division NBS

Sub je c t Comment on Hayes Recent Edi t or i a l

President Hayes has pos ed a real chall en ge to those of us in st andards laboratories In a word the questi on is What c an we do to improve our relevance

The purp ose of this l etter is to call attention t o the r esults of s ome recent work at NBS which n ow makes pos s i b le a mor e meaningful interacti on between the calibration laborat ory an d the groups it serves

Historically a major obstacl e to this interaction has be en the connector problem Until r ecently p r e c i s Lon connect ors have been regarded as an e s s en t i al e le men t to accurat e measurements at UHF and microwave frequencies and their use has been adopted and promoted by standards laboratories

On the o t he r hand the field equipment is usually provided with a different c onn e ct or This confronts the us er with the probl em of e i t he r converting his e qu i pmen t to the pr e c i s i on connector or with an a dap t or e val uat ion prob Lem The f ormer s 01 ut ion II is

25

usually impossibl e for e con omi c or ot he r practical reasons while the probl ems asso c i a te d with adaptor evaluation tend t o negate the p otential con t r i bu t i on o f the calibrati on laborat ory As a cons equence there is a substanti al void between the world o f the standards laboratory and that of the fi eld us ers

As a r e sult of recent NBS e ff or t it is n ow possibl e for an important group o f measurement probl ems to provide the user with improved accuracy (o r accuracy potential) without imp osing th e condition that the conn e ctors on his equipment or gear be conshyverted to some p r e c i s i ori ( ) t yp e To be mor e sp eci fi c the measurement o f power and r elated p arameters can n ow be e ffected in a way which s ubs t an t i a l l y minimi ze s the dependenc e upon conshynector properti es In a recent e xp e r i men t fo r exampl e the ordin ary Type N connect or per formed as well as the GPC-7 an d sub stantially better than ce rtain Lmpro ve d Type N connectors

It must be a dmi t t e d however that the reali zation of this bene fit does call fo r s ome re-direction of existin g practice In parshyticular thi s ins ensitivity t o connector properti e s i s a ch ie ved on l y f or certain terminal i nva r i an t parameters o r meas ur an ds Thes e include f or e xample the e f fe ct i ve eff i c i en cy of a bol ometer mount but n ot the c a l i bra t i on f ac t or Apar t f rom the initi al chan ge ove r probl ems h owe ve r the us e of the terminal invariant parameters as the basis f or a cal i bra t i on service provide s certain advan t ages i n additi on t o e l i mi n a t ion of the precisi on connector requirement In particul ar a s ub s tan t i a l simpli fication in the proce dures for the evaluati on of mi smatch corrections i s re alized

By way o f comparis on it may be noted th at the e xi sting practice is heavily ori ented in the di recti on of telling the user how his de v i ce would behave in an ide al world (Name ly one where a ll other components are perfectl y matched or re flectionless and fitt ed with i deal connectors ) More ove r the standards lab orato r y usually e xp ends a substanti al eff or t to in sure th at its calibration systems c l ose ly appr oximate these criteria

Unfortunatel y the us er who wi shes t o make optimum use of s uch calibration r esults must f i r s t de t e r mi ne to what e x t en t his s ystem di ffers from thos e f oun d in the ideal world The answers t o thes e questions involve rtmismat ch co r re ct i on s Thes e in turn require compl e x impedance me asurements an d computations which are often be yond the field personnel

The implicit r eference to an i de a l worl d may b e avo i ded when terminal invari ant quantiti es are chos en as the b asis of th e calibration s ervice In particul ar the procedure is to cali shybr ate the di f f erent t ype s of components (eg b olometer mounts a t t enua t or s etc ) in t erms of cert ain fund amental properti es which are the same irre spective of the sys t em in which the component i s us ed and moreover which do not pre suppo se that the comp onent is f i t t ed with ide al wave guide l eads The

26

mismatch corrections now takes the form of evaluating cer t a i n Lnt e r ac t i on terms between the component and the system in which it is used Although this falls to the lot of the us r and does require some effort the requirement for complex impedance measurements has been eliminated When these proposed changes are adopted the role of the user who wishes to make the best use of the calibration results is thus simplified while the accuracy potential for the user who ignores these corrections is nominally the same

The theoretical background for these remarks will be found in the writers paper Powe r Equations A New Concept in the Descriptions and Evaluation of Microwave Systems (IEEE Trans on Instr and Meas Vol 1M-20 Feb 1971)

From wh a t has been said it will be recognized that the major thrust of this effort is to make better use of existing hardware rather than ti e improved accuracy to more stringent hardware specifications

Although the development and extension of these concepts is continuing at NBS the basic groundwork is well established and promises to play a major role in tomorrows I world It appears that the c a l i b r a t i on laboratories could provide a real service by introducing the user groups to these ideas

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

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HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

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I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

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Title

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Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

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7

Wilbur Anson b r i e f e d the Board o n the progress of the Joint Measure ment Conference to be he l d in Boulder Colorado in June 197 2 A mo t i o n to support the conference to the amount o f $1 000 wa s made and approved by Board ac t i on Jim Hadley made an appeal for speakers who cou l d prese n t a speech covering the basic tipic Measurement Ef f o rt as a Resou r c e for Manageshyment He prefers someone not f r m Ae r os ac e or DO D He is to be contacted directly with a ny ug ge s t ed names

Wes McPhee reported on the status o f the 9 7 Di r e c t o r y and indicated that it was almost rea d y to go to p r e s s

The new Chairman of the Calibrat i o n Procedure Co mmi t t e e Mary Vyenielo made an extensive report on the state of the GIDEP library Considerable discussion was held on the purging and updating of the existing procedures

The recommended Practices Committee under Elmo Johnson will soon release the Calibration Systems Specification for review by the Board of Directors If approved by the Board it will be released as a Tentative Recommended Practice

President Hayes requested Bill Vandal to have his committee working on the metric system conversion study to come forth with an impact report by October 1st

Steve Kozich made a report on the Weights and Measures Week He stated that it was his opinion that we should exert ourselves to push an d pub I icize Weights and Measures Week since it helps our profession It really brings to light the benefits of the metrologist in calibration technology etc Steve made a very interesting presentation on the history of the National Weights and Measures Week He recommends that we include in NCSL in some manner the Chiefs of the Bureau o f Weights and Measures of all the states His reasoning is t ha t they control the laws for measurement Frank Dyce was given the assignment to have the Membership Committee draft a letter to the States Chie~of Weights and Measures inviting them to join NCSL Letters to be signed by NCSL President

President Hayes recommended that t he Long Range Planning Committee should be a function of the Exec u t ive Vice President and should include the Past Presidents He would also have at his disposal the full Board

Wes McPhee was requested to put together a Recommended Practice procedure for the equipment storage and retirement of test equipment

8

BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR 1972

Pre s ident

Fr ank J Dy ce Martin Mar ie t t a Corporation Mail Point 498 P O Box 5837 Orlando Florida 32805

( 305) 855- 6100 Ext 4488

Executive Vice President

Ral ph Barra We st i ng ho use El ec t ri c Corpo rat ion Mai l Stop 504 Box 746 Bal timore Maryland 21203

(301)765 -4560

Vice Pr esidents

Ray Y Bailey USAF Calibration ampMetrology Di v Newa r k Ai r Force Base Newa r k Ohio 43055

(614)3 44- 2171 Ext 670

J D Mi t che ll D369 C02 Aut one t i cs 3370 Mira10ma Aven ue Anahe im Cali fornia 9 2803

( 714) 632- 3685

Donal d J Greb Lock heed Missiles ampSpace Company Sunnyvale California 94088

(408)742 - 5774

Wesley H McPhee M I T Draper Laboratory 224 Albany Street Cambridge Mass 0213 5

(617) 864 -6900 Ext 2460

Se cr e t a r y

Mort Ange 10 Lockheed-California Company PO Box 551 Burb ank Cali f orni a 915 03

(2 13) 847- 2342

Treasurer Paul H Hunter Western Elect ric Company I nc Depa rtment 12 WL 31262 3300 Lexington Road Winston-Salem N C 27102

(919) 784 -3117

Sponsors De le gate Joseph M Cameron Institute for Bas ic St an dar ds Nat i on al Bureau of Standards Washington D C 20234

(3 01) 92 1-2 805

Past Pres iden t

Jer ry L Hayes US Navy Plant Repre sentat ive Met rology En gi nee r i n g Center 16 75 W Mi ss ion Blvd PO Box 2507 Pomona Calif 91766

( 714) 629 - 5111 Ext 3010

Dele gate s

Mr Carl Boye r Jr Honeywell I n c Test I ns t r umen t s Divi sion P O Box 391 Annapolis Maryland 21404

( 301)263- 2661

Mr Don I Her vig US Ar my Safe guar d Systems Command P O Box 1500 -- SSC- LLM Huntsville Al abama 35807

(2 05) 895- 3750

Mr Maurice J Sexey E G amp G I n c Mai 1 Stop P- 03 680 E Sunset Road Las Vegas Nevada 89101

(702)736-8111 Ext 427

Mr Richard Boyce I dah o Nuclear Standards Labo ratory Idaho Nucle ar Corporation P O Box 1845 I daho Fall s Idaho 83401

( 20 8) 522 - 6640 Ext 2470

Mr James A Valen t i no Sanders As s oc i at e s In c 95 Canal Street Nas hua New Hampshire 03060

(603)885 -2072

9

ADMINISTRATION COMMITTEES -- James F Hadley

Committee l-A -- Organization Committee

Chairman John R Van de Houten of Bell Aerospace Company

The following is the status of the six Guidelines which are in various stages of completion

1 Guidelines for the Members Delegate Ready for dlstribution

2 Guidelines for the Secretariat Ready for Board of Directors review

3 Guidelines for the Nominations Committee Ready for Board of Directors review

4 Guidelines for Membership Acceptance Being reviewed by the Board of Directors

S Guidelines for the Conference Chairman The preliminary draft prepared by A J Noodlngton lS in the final stages of preparation by W Vandal I t should be ready for review by the Board of Directors sometime in October

6 Guidelines for Financial Operations A draft has been prepared by W McPhee and J Dandeneau and is being reviewed by Organization Committee It is expected that this will be ready for Board of Directors review by Octob e r

As you can see the efforts of last years committee and its chairman A J Woodington are nearing completion It is anti shycipated that all of the Gu i de Line s will be ready for distribushytion to holders of the NCSL Information Man uaI by the end of this year

No additional Guidelines are currently planned but suggestions for new ones are welcome

10

Committee 1-B -- Meetings and Program Committee

Chairman Orville Linebrink of Battelle Memorial Institute

Thirteen regional areas of NCSL membership were established and all but two of these areas have either held meetings or joined with adjacent area groups (See the following table for details) Reports from various attendees have been enthusiastically in favor of continuation of regional meetings at various suggested intershyvals The holding of one meeting per region per year seems a reasonable minimal goal The success of these meetings is entirely due to the efforts of the regional hosts All of these hosts are members of the MampP Committee For the year 1971 the regional hosts were enlisted by the chairman of the MampP Committee To provide good continuity these regional hosts who have held meetings should either be continued as hosts or have them become very active in securing a successor Cutbacks and restricted activity of company personnel has been a problem in some regions and further changes of this nature will be encountered Files of regional correspondence will be forwarded to the new chairman of the MampP Committee

The regional meetings programs have been greatly assisted by the Cost Reduction Committee Ralph Barra Chairman The NCSL Secretariat Office has been very cooperative in providing updated membership lists

The NCSL membership has been most cooperative in the regional meetings Every possible effort should be made to involve all members in some way Sharing of information through questionnaires from the MampP Committee to develop subject matter for local meetings in addition to national committee reports might be a useful tool for next year

11

RIDIONAL MEEI I NG SUMMARY

The following meetings have been held bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

Date Host Region Place Attendance

12-16-70 RJBarra 5 Westinghouse - Baltimore Md 10

3-11-71 GWVincent 11 Electro Scientific Industries 11 Portland Oregon

3-16 JDMitche11 13 Autonetics - Anaheim Calif 34

3-17 ERogers 5 USArmy Harry Diamond Lab 8 Washington DC

4-19 DAntonucci 2 Grumman Aerospace Corp 12 Bethpage NY

5-5 WHMcPhee 1 MIT Draper Lab - Cambridge lass 10

5-7 WMcDill 67 Martin Marietta Company 14 Orlando Fla

5-13 DJGreb 12 Lockheed - Sunnyvale Calif 20

5-20 RY Bailey 8 USAF - Newark Ohio 12

6-16 ERJohnson 5 USNavy - Washington DC 11

7-29 J DNitche11 13 Lobster House Marina Del Ray 28 Los Angeles Calif

9-15 JLee 5 Honeywell Inc - McLean Virginia 10

and the following meetings are pLanned ltII bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

Oct21 HSIngraham 3 RCA - Moorestown NJ Oct27 Novl

TdMcDill JAValentino

67 1

Martin Marietta Co - Orlando Fla l1rr Draper Labs Cambridge Mass

Nov4 DJGreb 12 IEM San Jose Calif Jan12 5 To be armounced

Refer to page 21 of March 71 NCSL Newsletter for map Attendance was not limited to just NCSL members Non-manbers were also

invited and encouraged to participate in the Cost Reduction Report program

To NCSL Me mbe ps

T py to attend y our next regionaZ meetin g

Conta ct yo u r c o opdi n a t or i f one isn t s e t y e t

12

Committee 1-C -- Finance Committee

Chairman D I Hervig of US Army Safeguard

The committee has prepared and submitted to the Board of Directors a proposed budget for calendar year 1972

Committee 1-D -- Nominations Committee

Chairman Mort Angelo of Lockheed--Ca1ifornia

Balloting for the 1971 election of officers was completed on September 10 1971 The committee is now conducting the balloting for Delegates

Commi ttee 1-E - - Honors and Awards Commi ttee

Chairman D J Greb of Lockheed

The committee will determine what awards should be presented at the Member Delegates assembly to be held in June 1972

Committee 1-F -- Audit Committee

Chairman James Dandeneau of Raytheon

An audit of financial records of the organization is being made prior to turning the books over to the newly elected Treas urer

13

PLANN ING CO MM I TTEE S -- Wm L Vandal

Committee 2 -A -- Lon g Range Planning

Chairman Wesley H McPhee of MIT Draper Laboratory

The Long Ran ge Planning Committe has received the compreshyhensive report compiled by last years committee John Van de Houten Chairman

The recommendations will be the main topic of discussion at the next meeting of the Board of Directors It is expected that priorities and goals will be established and a plan for implemenshytation will be decided upon

The new committeets task will be more clearly defined and it is hoped that the output of the committee will set an orderly pattern for continued growth during the coming five year period

Board memb ers are as ke d to prepare themselves for the meeting by a revi ew of the committee recommendations as received at the july meet ing New memb ers and those not present in July will receive copies prior to the scheduled meeting in October

Commi t t e e 2-B -- Na t i on a l Measurement Requirements Commi t t e e

Chairman Ray Bailey of AF Metrology Labs

The measurement requirements which generated from the questionnaire circulated in early 1970 were submitted to NBS on 5 May 1970 No resp onse was received from the NBS The listing of measurement requirements was resubmitted to the Office of Measurement Services on 25 June 1971 No other act ions have been taken by this committee

14

LABORATORY MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION CO~WITTEES -- R J Barra

Committee 3-A -- Measurement Comparison and Statistical Procedures

Committee

Chairman Herbert S Ingraham Jr of RCA

Scop~ To perform technical audits of the national measureshyment system through intercomparison programs and to report all data that result from these programs

The Ratio Comparison portion of the DC-Low Frequency group will be on the road by November 15 1971 The Resistance and Reactance group will also be on the road by November 15 1971

A new coordinator for the Microwave Components groups will be appointed by November 15 1971 also

President Hayes has asked that consideration be given to changing the objectives of this committee to come up with a plan that in lieu of administering the actual physical moveshyment of the comparison package and analyses of the data the committee act in a managerial capacity coming up with a Recomshymended Practice for participation and endorsement of measurement agreement programs and to work with NBS who could be adminisshytrator for the flow of the comparison packages

Committee 3-B -- Specifications Committee

Chairman Carl Boyer Jr of Honeywell Inc

The CALIBRATION SYSTEM SPECIFICATION has received final committee review and approval and is now in the hands of the NCSL Board of Directors for their approval prior to publication

Plans for future action include review and possible revision of the April 1969 Comp i Lat i ori of Government Specifications Affecting Calibration Laboratories and examination o~ the n~ed for and pos s ib le contento f a tl Glo s s ary of Terms Us ed In Spe CIshyfications Affecting Calibration Laboratories ll

15

national Conference 0 StanJarJltJ cfatoratoriej co NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS WASHINGTON D C 20234

PLEASE ADDRESS REPLY TO

Carl Boyer I Jr NCSL Specifications Committee

I Honeywell IncDATA NEEDE PO Box 391 Annapolis Maryland 21404

Committee 3B - Specifications I has been asked to generate a glossary of terms used in specifications controlling calibration activities

The intent of s uc h a document will be to

bull Compile a li st of terms having general application to calibration oriented specifications

bull Accumulate a vailable definitions

bull Establish recommended usage

To provide a u seful document I we need input representative of the total membership of NCSL If you have ever been confused by a spe c ific a t i on term (e g I calibration I accuracy I traceability) I you can help by sending your list to the committee

Se nd your list (de fi n itio n s a nd sources will al so be welcome) to the Spe c ifi shycations Co mmitte e at the Anna poli s address above

Your input will be a ppreciated

Si nc e r e ly

~ -a-7shyCa rl Boye r Jr Chairman Sp ecifi c a t io n s Commit t e e

C B skc

16

Committee 3-C -- Calibration Systems Management Committee

Chairman James A Valentino of Sanders Associates Inc

Scope To develop the management control techniques required for optimum performance of calibration systems to provide cost visibility to managers to provide means to achieve cost reducshytions without degradation of quality through improved methods and procedures

Many of the Cost Visibility Exchange Program reports are finalized and have been issued to participating member laboratories The reports are available to all NCSL member laboratories by request to the Chairman The remaining reports will be forthshycoming shortly

All member delegates are urged to study these reports for they contain informative data

As suggested in the June Newsletter there exists several areas where a particular manufacturers instrument represents a sizeable portion of the family type Table I on page 18 of this newsletter lists instruments of this type and any cost reduction techniques employed on these instruments would have tremendous impact when applied on a national basis

Several sub-committee chairmen are currently investigating procedures of laboratories displaying low calibrationmaintenance times on particular instruments Since calibrationmaintenance times are wide spread for various organizations a standard cali shybration procedure would have considerable cost saving potential

Call for CARR

Few Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports (CARR) were submitted during the past several months The problem was discussed at length at the July NCSL Board of Directors Meeting Discussion centered around the suggestion that one possible reason for a lack of participation by members was fear their management would force an operating reduction to match the doll ars saved I f this is the belief of some member delegates then I suggest these members review their worth to their organization We should all again read the Presidents commentary in the June NCSL Newsletter We must all make a more meaningful contribution to our respective organizations

The Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports have been somewhat simplified to save the originator time in calculating actual savings (See the new form on page 19 of this newsletter) The committee needs these reports if its goal is to be attained The regional coordinators have been the major contributors to date All members are urged to read the existing reports for utilization in their own organization

17

Take a few minutes and submit your idea to your regional coordinators -- NOW -- TODAY

Region I will conduct a Round Robin commencing October 4 1971 Seven (7) member laboratories will participate with Mr Joseph Cameron of NBS acting as monitor

J bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull a bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

MEASUREMENTS AGREEMENT ROUND ROBIN

One of the most significant outcomes of the First Region One NCSL Meeting was the planning and implementation of a Measurements Agreement Round Robin The Round Robin is scheduled to begin October 4th and be completed by November 22nd this year A second data taking run will begin December 6th and end January 31st Seven Major New England Firms have pledged their participation The overall objective is to determine how well each participating laboratory using its own methods and test instrumentation agree with each other All data is coded for obvious reasons The Youden Plot will be the mechanism used to obviate resultant data A meeting will be scheduled after the first data run to discuss any problem areas and to prepare for a second data run utilizing the same s t anda r ds package Participating members in the First Region One Measurements Agreement Round Robin are A Kalisky and H Tobe of AVCO -- Wilmington H Haymes and J Valentino of Sanders Assoc Inc R Fay and R Raposa of Raytheon Co Sub Sig Division R Kidd of Microwave Assoc J Dandeneau and C Morse of Raytheon Co Equipment Div Wes McPhee of MIT Draper Lab and Dr John Hirsch of General Radio Company

(See Calibration

INSTRUII~NT

Electronic Counter

Electronic Counter

Differential Voltmeter

Differential Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Generator

Generator

Generator

Oscillator

Oscillator

Oscilloscope

Osc i lloscope

Oscilloscope

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Pressure Gauge

Pressure Gauge

18

TABLE 1

Systems Management Committee

~IANUFACTunEH

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

John Fluke

John Fluke

Dana

Fairchild

Hewlett Packard

Non-Linear Systems

Hewlett Packard

IIewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Ilewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

nshcr-o r t

Kollsman

Report)

MODEL

524

5245L

80lB

803803B

5600

7050

34403440 series plug-in

481

205A

612A

620A

200CD

650A

175

535

545

CC A

D

lA Series

Various

Various

19 COST AVOIDANCEREDUCTION REPORT

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABOR ATORIES

REVA ORIGINA L SUBMITTAL

REFEREN CE NCSL REPORT NO

COMPA NY I DIVISI ON NCSL REPORT NO

TITLE DATE

OLD METHOD

NEW METHOD

ESTIMATED ACTUAL IF AVAILABLE

NUMBER OF UNITS INVOLVED

TIME SAVINGS PER UNIT mnhrs mnhrs

MAT ERIAL SAVINGS PER UNIT $ $

fiHER SAVINGS $ $

IMPLEMENT AT ION COST S $ $

CONT RIBUTOR IIMPLEMENTATION DAT E NCSL DELEG ATE SIGNATU RE

20

Committee 3-D -- Education and Training Committee

Chairman M H Brenner of The Boeing Company

Scope To provide instructions and procedures for the effective training and education of personnel for metrology laboratories

The Committee has obtained two texts and are reviewing them Concurrently two items of test equipment have been donated by the Beckman Instrument Company and are being processed by the Committees coordinator Dr Morgan Annual objectives have been revised such that the analysis and comment of training texts will be processed and made available to NCSL members as they are completed rather than one annual issue at the conclusion of the year The committee is now targeted to release two such analyses by November 15 1971

The Committee is still seeking members training texts for reviews and any surplus test equipment Contributions of potential members names books or surplus test equipment can be made to any of the listed committee members

M H Brenner Dr Donald E Morgan Head The Boeing Company Dept of Industrial Engineering Metrology Se r vi ce Calif State Polytechnic College Or gn 24720 ]vj S 2P12 San Luis Obispo Calif 93401 Seattle Washington 98124

Robert Wille t Dr Peter Stein Collins Radio Company Arizona State University Cedar Rapids Iowa 53406 Tempe Arizona 85281

D J Franke Carroll G Hughes 902 Appling Avenue Westinghouse Electric Corp Placentia Calif 92670 Box 746 -- MS 550

Baltimore Maryland 21203 Joseph Davis Bendix Company PO Box 1159 Kans as Ci t y Mo

21

COMMUNICATI ON S ampMARKETING COMMITTEES - - W H McPh ee

Committee 4-A -- News le t t e r Committe e

Chairman Wilbur An son of Na t i on a l Bu r eau o f Standards

This issue of th e Newsletter r ep orts f or itself -- issue was del ayed not by th e editor but b y the n ece ssity of wa i t i ng f o r el e ction r eturns on our off conference year May we make this an appe a l for mor e inputs from our membe r laboratori es del egates

Committe e 4-B - - Directory Committe e

Ch airman Le wi s Wears of John Hopkins University

Lewis r eports th e n ew directory to be r e ady for distribution in the v ery near future after a revision of information and f ee d i ng th e comp uter -- an operation that wi l l make futur e directori es e asi er to e d i t

Committ e e 4 -C -- Information Committee

Chairman Robert Verity o f Le eds ampNo r t h r up Co

Bob is now back in circulation followin g an ex t e n de d period of NCS L inactivity c a us e d by l abor probl ems within his c omp a ny

Committe e 4- D -- Calibration Procedures Committ e e

Chairman Martin Vyenielo of Lawrence Radi ation Labo r a t o r y

Marty was r ecently appointed t o the GIDEP Industry advisory bo ard with speci al interest in c alibration procedures distribushytion GIDEP i s working tow ard a pro gram to improve the calibration p ro ce du r e s quality and content They a re presently involved i n a se r ie s o f indoctrinati on clinics NCSL is cooperating in this by p re s e n t i ng the calibration p ro ce d ure s asp e c t of their e f f o r t To date Ch airman Vyeni e10 and Vice President Wesl ey Mc Phee have participated on the East and West coast -- other a reas are s che d ule d GIDEP welcomes ideas for improvin g the c a l i b r a t ion procedures distribution -- submit comments and ideas through the Ch airman or through the ALERT s ystem s et up for r eporting prob l em areas

22

Committ ee 4-E -- Recommended Practices Committe e

Chairman Elmo R Johnson of U S Navy

Al l r ecommended practices submitted have b een distributed for board members app r ov a l prior to gen e ral distribution for insertion in the information manu al in the near futur e El mo has ch anged h ats and is pres ently with the Navy Chief of Naval Material s 740 Crystal Plaza Jeffe r s on Davis Hi ghway Washington DC 20360

I~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbull middot~~~ bullbull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

CPEM 72

Conference on Pr ec i s i on Ele ctroma gnetic Measure ments wi l l b e held June 26 -29 197 2 at Boulder Colorado

A call for papers has been issued For information relatin g to the t echnical program write t o

Dr Harold S Boyne Radio Building Room 4075 Nat i on al Bureau of St anda r ds Boulder Colorado 80302

For gene r a l information on the Conference write to

Ge orge Goulette Director Bureau of Conferences and Institure s University of Colorado Boulder Col orado 8030 2

23

O I N T

MEASUREME T

ONFERENCE June 21-23 1972 at Boulder Colorado

STEERING COMMITTEE PLEASE REPLY TO

JOINT MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE A J Woodington Chaiman

rC~n poundr ~ 1 U tl3 f111 C5 ~Ofl a ~ Aogt n H p c e lt) ) PRESS RELEASE

Am~ -ic n Soc I e ty tor O II y (on p)1

A J oint Measurement Conference the first in a potential series will be held June 21-23 1972 at Boulder

Andrew F Dunn Colorado The keynote of the Conference - THE ROLE AND N H I 0 I ee s e a r c h Co nlt1 o f L ana d a

l n s t s t c t e fo r Ele trc 1 VALUE OF MEASUREMENT - is also the theme of the opening ~ tl ogttt ro n 1( l (l~l neer s

address to be presented by Lewis M Branscomb Director o f the National Bureau of Standards US Department of Conunerce

Ptr K Stein ( Afl lon a S t e t c Ul ~H ~ t ~)

IA~ t T urIle~ ~o C I j o le r lC The joint aspects of this Conference are indicated by the list of sponsors

Ameri can Society for Qua l i t y Control - Electronics W ilbur J Anson DivisionMetrology Technical Conunittee

( p I)n 1 ~u tJ u r ~ 1 ne l( j ~ rh t l o llal vc n t e r e nc e o j S l noj r d Le oo r Lor 11(1 Institute for Electrical and Electronics

Engineers-Group on Instrumentation and Measurement

A K Edgerton Instrument Society o f America-Metrology Division s e e c q ~ l o r e ll ~ n t 10 5 50gtlt I 1 10 11

National Bureau of Standards

National Conference of Standards Laboratories

Joseph M Cameron Precision Measurements Association gtjH Onl Bu-ta u o S la n(lardi

The purpose of the meeting is to promote the intershydisciplinary exchange of technical and managerial meas-

Helmut A Altschuler urement co n ce p t s The underlying theme i s that ideally l q ~~~ ~~~~f ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~ Technical personnel should utilize the Measurement

1l ~ ( V OrM 9 H ( H ~alulemeH ~ science concepts in all phases of product evolution shyresearch design devel opment manufacturing maintenance and quality control The techniques of a systems a p proach to accurate meaningful measurements will be emphasized as a powerful tool for both Management and Technical personnel The sessions will stress that many if not all measurement disciplines are required in the solution of softwarehardware oriented measurement problems

The Conference to be held at the NBS Boulder Laboratories is organized into 6 consecutive half-day sessions The general topic of the first day The Why of Measurement is explored in sessions on The Measurement Effort as a Resour ce for Management and as a Technical Res ource The How of Mea surement is covered in sessions on Physical Processes in Sensors Transducers Detectors and Intershydisciplinary Solutions to Problems and the Where of Measurement is discussed in sessions on Systems Metrology and Measurement-Oriented Engineers from our Campuses

Attendees of the Joint Measurement Con f e r e n c e have the opp o r t un i t y to take in a conference doubleheader as the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurement meets in Boulder June 26-29

24

STANDARDS LABORATORIES WITHER OR NOT

DO YOU HAVE A RE ACTION

President Hayes posed challenging questions in his editori al in the June NCSL News l e t t e r Essentially its a matter of standshyards labor atories demonstrating an impact upon their companys product For some st and ards laboratories it could be a matter of survival The crucial question is Can the qu ality and consistency of a companys product be maintained without the existence of a company standards laboratory

One type of r eaction containing a t echnical approach is contained in the letter Glenn Engen wr ote me How ab out it -shyDoes anyone else have a reaction to either the Hayes editorial my comments above or Glenn Engens l etter If so then write to me and maybe we can promote an interchange of viewpoints via the Newsletter

Wilbur Anson Edi tor

U OEPA TMENT OF COMMERCE Nationa l Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

To W J Anson Editor NCSL Newsletter

From G F En gen Electromagnetics Division NBS

Sub je c t Comment on Hayes Recent Edi t or i a l

President Hayes has pos ed a real chall en ge to those of us in st andards laboratories In a word the questi on is What c an we do to improve our relevance

The purp ose of this l etter is to call attention t o the r esults of s ome recent work at NBS which n ow makes pos s i b le a mor e meaningful interacti on between the calibration laborat ory an d the groups it serves

Historically a major obstacl e to this interaction has be en the connector problem Until r ecently p r e c i s Lon connect ors have been regarded as an e s s en t i al e le men t to accurat e measurements at UHF and microwave frequencies and their use has been adopted and promoted by standards laboratories

On the o t he r hand the field equipment is usually provided with a different c onn e ct or This confronts the us er with the probl em of e i t he r converting his e qu i pmen t to the pr e c i s i on connector or with an a dap t or e val uat ion prob Lem The f ormer s 01 ut ion II is

25

usually impossibl e for e con omi c or ot he r practical reasons while the probl ems asso c i a te d with adaptor evaluation tend t o negate the p otential con t r i bu t i on o f the calibrati on laborat ory As a cons equence there is a substanti al void between the world o f the standards laboratory and that of the fi eld us ers

As a r e sult of recent NBS e ff or t it is n ow possibl e for an important group o f measurement probl ems to provide the user with improved accuracy (o r accuracy potential) without imp osing th e condition that the conn e ctors on his equipment or gear be conshyverted to some p r e c i s i ori ( ) t yp e To be mor e sp eci fi c the measurement o f power and r elated p arameters can n ow be e ffected in a way which s ubs t an t i a l l y minimi ze s the dependenc e upon conshynector properti es In a recent e xp e r i men t fo r exampl e the ordin ary Type N connect or per formed as well as the GPC-7 an d sub stantially better than ce rtain Lmpro ve d Type N connectors

It must be a dmi t t e d however that the reali zation of this bene fit does call fo r s ome re-direction of existin g practice In parshyticular thi s ins ensitivity t o connector properti e s i s a ch ie ved on l y f or certain terminal i nva r i an t parameters o r meas ur an ds Thes e include f or e xample the e f fe ct i ve eff i c i en cy of a bol ometer mount but n ot the c a l i bra t i on f ac t or Apar t f rom the initi al chan ge ove r probl ems h owe ve r the us e of the terminal invariant parameters as the basis f or a cal i bra t i on service provide s certain advan t ages i n additi on t o e l i mi n a t ion of the precisi on connector requirement In particul ar a s ub s tan t i a l simpli fication in the proce dures for the evaluati on of mi smatch corrections i s re alized

By way o f comparis on it may be noted th at the e xi sting practice is heavily ori ented in the di recti on of telling the user how his de v i ce would behave in an ide al world (Name ly one where a ll other components are perfectl y matched or re flectionless and fitt ed with i deal connectors ) More ove r the standards lab orato r y usually e xp ends a substanti al eff or t to in sure th at its calibration systems c l ose ly appr oximate these criteria

Unfortunatel y the us er who wi shes t o make optimum use of s uch calibration r esults must f i r s t de t e r mi ne to what e x t en t his s ystem di ffers from thos e f oun d in the ideal world The answers t o thes e questions involve rtmismat ch co r re ct i on s Thes e in turn require compl e x impedance me asurements an d computations which are often be yond the field personnel

The implicit r eference to an i de a l worl d may b e avo i ded when terminal invari ant quantiti es are chos en as the b asis of th e calibration s ervice In particul ar the procedure is to cali shybr ate the di f f erent t ype s of components (eg b olometer mounts a t t enua t or s etc ) in t erms of cert ain fund amental properti es which are the same irre spective of the sys t em in which the component i s us ed and moreover which do not pre suppo se that the comp onent is f i t t ed with ide al wave guide l eads The

26

mismatch corrections now takes the form of evaluating cer t a i n Lnt e r ac t i on terms between the component and the system in which it is used Although this falls to the lot of the us r and does require some effort the requirement for complex impedance measurements has been eliminated When these proposed changes are adopted the role of the user who wishes to make the best use of the calibration results is thus simplified while the accuracy potential for the user who ignores these corrections is nominally the same

The theoretical background for these remarks will be found in the writers paper Powe r Equations A New Concept in the Descriptions and Evaluation of Microwave Systems (IEEE Trans on Instr and Meas Vol 1M-20 Feb 1971)

From wh a t has been said it will be recognized that the major thrust of this effort is to make better use of existing hardware rather than ti e improved accuracy to more stringent hardware specifications

Although the development and extension of these concepts is continuing at NBS the basic groundwork is well established and promises to play a major role in tomorrows I world It appears that the c a l i b r a t i on laboratories could provide a real service by introducing the user groups to these ideas

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

8

BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR 1972

Pre s ident

Fr ank J Dy ce Martin Mar ie t t a Corporation Mail Point 498 P O Box 5837 Orlando Florida 32805

( 305) 855- 6100 Ext 4488

Executive Vice President

Ral ph Barra We st i ng ho use El ec t ri c Corpo rat ion Mai l Stop 504 Box 746 Bal timore Maryland 21203

(301)765 -4560

Vice Pr esidents

Ray Y Bailey USAF Calibration ampMetrology Di v Newa r k Ai r Force Base Newa r k Ohio 43055

(614)3 44- 2171 Ext 670

J D Mi t che ll D369 C02 Aut one t i cs 3370 Mira10ma Aven ue Anahe im Cali fornia 9 2803

( 714) 632- 3685

Donal d J Greb Lock heed Missiles ampSpace Company Sunnyvale California 94088

(408)742 - 5774

Wesley H McPhee M I T Draper Laboratory 224 Albany Street Cambridge Mass 0213 5

(617) 864 -6900 Ext 2460

Se cr e t a r y

Mort Ange 10 Lockheed-California Company PO Box 551 Burb ank Cali f orni a 915 03

(2 13) 847- 2342

Treasurer Paul H Hunter Western Elect ric Company I nc Depa rtment 12 WL 31262 3300 Lexington Road Winston-Salem N C 27102

(919) 784 -3117

Sponsors De le gate Joseph M Cameron Institute for Bas ic St an dar ds Nat i on al Bureau of Standards Washington D C 20234

(3 01) 92 1-2 805

Past Pres iden t

Jer ry L Hayes US Navy Plant Repre sentat ive Met rology En gi nee r i n g Center 16 75 W Mi ss ion Blvd PO Box 2507 Pomona Calif 91766

( 714) 629 - 5111 Ext 3010

Dele gate s

Mr Carl Boye r Jr Honeywell I n c Test I ns t r umen t s Divi sion P O Box 391 Annapolis Maryland 21404

( 301)263- 2661

Mr Don I Her vig US Ar my Safe guar d Systems Command P O Box 1500 -- SSC- LLM Huntsville Al abama 35807

(2 05) 895- 3750

Mr Maurice J Sexey E G amp G I n c Mai 1 Stop P- 03 680 E Sunset Road Las Vegas Nevada 89101

(702)736-8111 Ext 427

Mr Richard Boyce I dah o Nuclear Standards Labo ratory Idaho Nucle ar Corporation P O Box 1845 I daho Fall s Idaho 83401

( 20 8) 522 - 6640 Ext 2470

Mr James A Valen t i no Sanders As s oc i at e s In c 95 Canal Street Nas hua New Hampshire 03060

(603)885 -2072

9

ADMINISTRATION COMMITTEES -- James F Hadley

Committee l-A -- Organization Committee

Chairman John R Van de Houten of Bell Aerospace Company

The following is the status of the six Guidelines which are in various stages of completion

1 Guidelines for the Members Delegate Ready for dlstribution

2 Guidelines for the Secretariat Ready for Board of Directors review

3 Guidelines for the Nominations Committee Ready for Board of Directors review

4 Guidelines for Membership Acceptance Being reviewed by the Board of Directors

S Guidelines for the Conference Chairman The preliminary draft prepared by A J Noodlngton lS in the final stages of preparation by W Vandal I t should be ready for review by the Board of Directors sometime in October

6 Guidelines for Financial Operations A draft has been prepared by W McPhee and J Dandeneau and is being reviewed by Organization Committee It is expected that this will be ready for Board of Directors review by Octob e r

As you can see the efforts of last years committee and its chairman A J Woodington are nearing completion It is anti shycipated that all of the Gu i de Line s will be ready for distribushytion to holders of the NCSL Information Man uaI by the end of this year

No additional Guidelines are currently planned but suggestions for new ones are welcome

10

Committee 1-B -- Meetings and Program Committee

Chairman Orville Linebrink of Battelle Memorial Institute

Thirteen regional areas of NCSL membership were established and all but two of these areas have either held meetings or joined with adjacent area groups (See the following table for details) Reports from various attendees have been enthusiastically in favor of continuation of regional meetings at various suggested intershyvals The holding of one meeting per region per year seems a reasonable minimal goal The success of these meetings is entirely due to the efforts of the regional hosts All of these hosts are members of the MampP Committee For the year 1971 the regional hosts were enlisted by the chairman of the MampP Committee To provide good continuity these regional hosts who have held meetings should either be continued as hosts or have them become very active in securing a successor Cutbacks and restricted activity of company personnel has been a problem in some regions and further changes of this nature will be encountered Files of regional correspondence will be forwarded to the new chairman of the MampP Committee

The regional meetings programs have been greatly assisted by the Cost Reduction Committee Ralph Barra Chairman The NCSL Secretariat Office has been very cooperative in providing updated membership lists

The NCSL membership has been most cooperative in the regional meetings Every possible effort should be made to involve all members in some way Sharing of information through questionnaires from the MampP Committee to develop subject matter for local meetings in addition to national committee reports might be a useful tool for next year

11

RIDIONAL MEEI I NG SUMMARY

The following meetings have been held bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

Date Host Region Place Attendance

12-16-70 RJBarra 5 Westinghouse - Baltimore Md 10

3-11-71 GWVincent 11 Electro Scientific Industries 11 Portland Oregon

3-16 JDMitche11 13 Autonetics - Anaheim Calif 34

3-17 ERogers 5 USArmy Harry Diamond Lab 8 Washington DC

4-19 DAntonucci 2 Grumman Aerospace Corp 12 Bethpage NY

5-5 WHMcPhee 1 MIT Draper Lab - Cambridge lass 10

5-7 WMcDill 67 Martin Marietta Company 14 Orlando Fla

5-13 DJGreb 12 Lockheed - Sunnyvale Calif 20

5-20 RY Bailey 8 USAF - Newark Ohio 12

6-16 ERJohnson 5 USNavy - Washington DC 11

7-29 J DNitche11 13 Lobster House Marina Del Ray 28 Los Angeles Calif

9-15 JLee 5 Honeywell Inc - McLean Virginia 10

and the following meetings are pLanned ltII bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

Oct21 HSIngraham 3 RCA - Moorestown NJ Oct27 Novl

TdMcDill JAValentino

67 1

Martin Marietta Co - Orlando Fla l1rr Draper Labs Cambridge Mass

Nov4 DJGreb 12 IEM San Jose Calif Jan12 5 To be armounced

Refer to page 21 of March 71 NCSL Newsletter for map Attendance was not limited to just NCSL members Non-manbers were also

invited and encouraged to participate in the Cost Reduction Report program

To NCSL Me mbe ps

T py to attend y our next regionaZ meetin g

Conta ct yo u r c o opdi n a t or i f one isn t s e t y e t

12

Committee 1-C -- Finance Committee

Chairman D I Hervig of US Army Safeguard

The committee has prepared and submitted to the Board of Directors a proposed budget for calendar year 1972

Committee 1-D -- Nominations Committee

Chairman Mort Angelo of Lockheed--Ca1ifornia

Balloting for the 1971 election of officers was completed on September 10 1971 The committee is now conducting the balloting for Delegates

Commi ttee 1-E - - Honors and Awards Commi ttee

Chairman D J Greb of Lockheed

The committee will determine what awards should be presented at the Member Delegates assembly to be held in June 1972

Committee 1-F -- Audit Committee

Chairman James Dandeneau of Raytheon

An audit of financial records of the organization is being made prior to turning the books over to the newly elected Treas urer

13

PLANN ING CO MM I TTEE S -- Wm L Vandal

Committee 2 -A -- Lon g Range Planning

Chairman Wesley H McPhee of MIT Draper Laboratory

The Long Ran ge Planning Committe has received the compreshyhensive report compiled by last years committee John Van de Houten Chairman

The recommendations will be the main topic of discussion at the next meeting of the Board of Directors It is expected that priorities and goals will be established and a plan for implemenshytation will be decided upon

The new committeets task will be more clearly defined and it is hoped that the output of the committee will set an orderly pattern for continued growth during the coming five year period

Board memb ers are as ke d to prepare themselves for the meeting by a revi ew of the committee recommendations as received at the july meet ing New memb ers and those not present in July will receive copies prior to the scheduled meeting in October

Commi t t e e 2-B -- Na t i on a l Measurement Requirements Commi t t e e

Chairman Ray Bailey of AF Metrology Labs

The measurement requirements which generated from the questionnaire circulated in early 1970 were submitted to NBS on 5 May 1970 No resp onse was received from the NBS The listing of measurement requirements was resubmitted to the Office of Measurement Services on 25 June 1971 No other act ions have been taken by this committee

14

LABORATORY MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION CO~WITTEES -- R J Barra

Committee 3-A -- Measurement Comparison and Statistical Procedures

Committee

Chairman Herbert S Ingraham Jr of RCA

Scop~ To perform technical audits of the national measureshyment system through intercomparison programs and to report all data that result from these programs

The Ratio Comparison portion of the DC-Low Frequency group will be on the road by November 15 1971 The Resistance and Reactance group will also be on the road by November 15 1971

A new coordinator for the Microwave Components groups will be appointed by November 15 1971 also

President Hayes has asked that consideration be given to changing the objectives of this committee to come up with a plan that in lieu of administering the actual physical moveshyment of the comparison package and analyses of the data the committee act in a managerial capacity coming up with a Recomshymended Practice for participation and endorsement of measurement agreement programs and to work with NBS who could be adminisshytrator for the flow of the comparison packages

Committee 3-B -- Specifications Committee

Chairman Carl Boyer Jr of Honeywell Inc

The CALIBRATION SYSTEM SPECIFICATION has received final committee review and approval and is now in the hands of the NCSL Board of Directors for their approval prior to publication

Plans for future action include review and possible revision of the April 1969 Comp i Lat i ori of Government Specifications Affecting Calibration Laboratories and examination o~ the n~ed for and pos s ib le contento f a tl Glo s s ary of Terms Us ed In Spe CIshyfications Affecting Calibration Laboratories ll

15

national Conference 0 StanJarJltJ cfatoratoriej co NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS WASHINGTON D C 20234

PLEASE ADDRESS REPLY TO

Carl Boyer I Jr NCSL Specifications Committee

I Honeywell IncDATA NEEDE PO Box 391 Annapolis Maryland 21404

Committee 3B - Specifications I has been asked to generate a glossary of terms used in specifications controlling calibration activities

The intent of s uc h a document will be to

bull Compile a li st of terms having general application to calibration oriented specifications

bull Accumulate a vailable definitions

bull Establish recommended usage

To provide a u seful document I we need input representative of the total membership of NCSL If you have ever been confused by a spe c ific a t i on term (e g I calibration I accuracy I traceability) I you can help by sending your list to the committee

Se nd your list (de fi n itio n s a nd sources will al so be welcome) to the Spe c ifi shycations Co mmitte e at the Anna poli s address above

Your input will be a ppreciated

Si nc e r e ly

~ -a-7shyCa rl Boye r Jr Chairman Sp ecifi c a t io n s Commit t e e

C B skc

16

Committee 3-C -- Calibration Systems Management Committee

Chairman James A Valentino of Sanders Associates Inc

Scope To develop the management control techniques required for optimum performance of calibration systems to provide cost visibility to managers to provide means to achieve cost reducshytions without degradation of quality through improved methods and procedures

Many of the Cost Visibility Exchange Program reports are finalized and have been issued to participating member laboratories The reports are available to all NCSL member laboratories by request to the Chairman The remaining reports will be forthshycoming shortly

All member delegates are urged to study these reports for they contain informative data

As suggested in the June Newsletter there exists several areas where a particular manufacturers instrument represents a sizeable portion of the family type Table I on page 18 of this newsletter lists instruments of this type and any cost reduction techniques employed on these instruments would have tremendous impact when applied on a national basis

Several sub-committee chairmen are currently investigating procedures of laboratories displaying low calibrationmaintenance times on particular instruments Since calibrationmaintenance times are wide spread for various organizations a standard cali shybration procedure would have considerable cost saving potential

Call for CARR

Few Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports (CARR) were submitted during the past several months The problem was discussed at length at the July NCSL Board of Directors Meeting Discussion centered around the suggestion that one possible reason for a lack of participation by members was fear their management would force an operating reduction to match the doll ars saved I f this is the belief of some member delegates then I suggest these members review their worth to their organization We should all again read the Presidents commentary in the June NCSL Newsletter We must all make a more meaningful contribution to our respective organizations

The Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports have been somewhat simplified to save the originator time in calculating actual savings (See the new form on page 19 of this newsletter) The committee needs these reports if its goal is to be attained The regional coordinators have been the major contributors to date All members are urged to read the existing reports for utilization in their own organization

17

Take a few minutes and submit your idea to your regional coordinators -- NOW -- TODAY

Region I will conduct a Round Robin commencing October 4 1971 Seven (7) member laboratories will participate with Mr Joseph Cameron of NBS acting as monitor

J bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull a bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

MEASUREMENTS AGREEMENT ROUND ROBIN

One of the most significant outcomes of the First Region One NCSL Meeting was the planning and implementation of a Measurements Agreement Round Robin The Round Robin is scheduled to begin October 4th and be completed by November 22nd this year A second data taking run will begin December 6th and end January 31st Seven Major New England Firms have pledged their participation The overall objective is to determine how well each participating laboratory using its own methods and test instrumentation agree with each other All data is coded for obvious reasons The Youden Plot will be the mechanism used to obviate resultant data A meeting will be scheduled after the first data run to discuss any problem areas and to prepare for a second data run utilizing the same s t anda r ds package Participating members in the First Region One Measurements Agreement Round Robin are A Kalisky and H Tobe of AVCO -- Wilmington H Haymes and J Valentino of Sanders Assoc Inc R Fay and R Raposa of Raytheon Co Sub Sig Division R Kidd of Microwave Assoc J Dandeneau and C Morse of Raytheon Co Equipment Div Wes McPhee of MIT Draper Lab and Dr John Hirsch of General Radio Company

(See Calibration

INSTRUII~NT

Electronic Counter

Electronic Counter

Differential Voltmeter

Differential Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Generator

Generator

Generator

Oscillator

Oscillator

Oscilloscope

Osc i lloscope

Oscilloscope

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Pressure Gauge

Pressure Gauge

18

TABLE 1

Systems Management Committee

~IANUFACTunEH

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

John Fluke

John Fluke

Dana

Fairchild

Hewlett Packard

Non-Linear Systems

Hewlett Packard

IIewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Ilewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

nshcr-o r t

Kollsman

Report)

MODEL

524

5245L

80lB

803803B

5600

7050

34403440 series plug-in

481

205A

612A

620A

200CD

650A

175

535

545

CC A

D

lA Series

Various

Various

19 COST AVOIDANCEREDUCTION REPORT

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABOR ATORIES

REVA ORIGINA L SUBMITTAL

REFEREN CE NCSL REPORT NO

COMPA NY I DIVISI ON NCSL REPORT NO

TITLE DATE

OLD METHOD

NEW METHOD

ESTIMATED ACTUAL IF AVAILABLE

NUMBER OF UNITS INVOLVED

TIME SAVINGS PER UNIT mnhrs mnhrs

MAT ERIAL SAVINGS PER UNIT $ $

fiHER SAVINGS $ $

IMPLEMENT AT ION COST S $ $

CONT RIBUTOR IIMPLEMENTATION DAT E NCSL DELEG ATE SIGNATU RE

20

Committee 3-D -- Education and Training Committee

Chairman M H Brenner of The Boeing Company

Scope To provide instructions and procedures for the effective training and education of personnel for metrology laboratories

The Committee has obtained two texts and are reviewing them Concurrently two items of test equipment have been donated by the Beckman Instrument Company and are being processed by the Committees coordinator Dr Morgan Annual objectives have been revised such that the analysis and comment of training texts will be processed and made available to NCSL members as they are completed rather than one annual issue at the conclusion of the year The committee is now targeted to release two such analyses by November 15 1971

The Committee is still seeking members training texts for reviews and any surplus test equipment Contributions of potential members names books or surplus test equipment can be made to any of the listed committee members

M H Brenner Dr Donald E Morgan Head The Boeing Company Dept of Industrial Engineering Metrology Se r vi ce Calif State Polytechnic College Or gn 24720 ]vj S 2P12 San Luis Obispo Calif 93401 Seattle Washington 98124

Robert Wille t Dr Peter Stein Collins Radio Company Arizona State University Cedar Rapids Iowa 53406 Tempe Arizona 85281

D J Franke Carroll G Hughes 902 Appling Avenue Westinghouse Electric Corp Placentia Calif 92670 Box 746 -- MS 550

Baltimore Maryland 21203 Joseph Davis Bendix Company PO Box 1159 Kans as Ci t y Mo

21

COMMUNICATI ON S ampMARKETING COMMITTEES - - W H McPh ee

Committee 4-A -- News le t t e r Committe e

Chairman Wilbur An son of Na t i on a l Bu r eau o f Standards

This issue of th e Newsletter r ep orts f or itself -- issue was del ayed not by th e editor but b y the n ece ssity of wa i t i ng f o r el e ction r eturns on our off conference year May we make this an appe a l for mor e inputs from our membe r laboratori es del egates

Committe e 4-B - - Directory Committe e

Ch airman Le wi s Wears of John Hopkins University

Lewis r eports th e n ew directory to be r e ady for distribution in the v ery near future after a revision of information and f ee d i ng th e comp uter -- an operation that wi l l make futur e directori es e asi er to e d i t

Committ e e 4 -C -- Information Committee

Chairman Robert Verity o f Le eds ampNo r t h r up Co

Bob is now back in circulation followin g an ex t e n de d period of NCS L inactivity c a us e d by l abor probl ems within his c omp a ny

Committe e 4- D -- Calibration Procedures Committ e e

Chairman Martin Vyenielo of Lawrence Radi ation Labo r a t o r y

Marty was r ecently appointed t o the GIDEP Industry advisory bo ard with speci al interest in c alibration procedures distribushytion GIDEP i s working tow ard a pro gram to improve the calibration p ro ce du r e s quality and content They a re presently involved i n a se r ie s o f indoctrinati on clinics NCSL is cooperating in this by p re s e n t i ng the calibration p ro ce d ure s asp e c t of their e f f o r t To date Ch airman Vyeni e10 and Vice President Wesl ey Mc Phee have participated on the East and West coast -- other a reas are s che d ule d GIDEP welcomes ideas for improvin g the c a l i b r a t ion procedures distribution -- submit comments and ideas through the Ch airman or through the ALERT s ystem s et up for r eporting prob l em areas

22

Committ ee 4-E -- Recommended Practices Committe e

Chairman Elmo R Johnson of U S Navy

Al l r ecommended practices submitted have b een distributed for board members app r ov a l prior to gen e ral distribution for insertion in the information manu al in the near futur e El mo has ch anged h ats and is pres ently with the Navy Chief of Naval Material s 740 Crystal Plaza Jeffe r s on Davis Hi ghway Washington DC 20360

I~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbull middot~~~ bullbull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

CPEM 72

Conference on Pr ec i s i on Ele ctroma gnetic Measure ments wi l l b e held June 26 -29 197 2 at Boulder Colorado

A call for papers has been issued For information relatin g to the t echnical program write t o

Dr Harold S Boyne Radio Building Room 4075 Nat i on al Bureau of St anda r ds Boulder Colorado 80302

For gene r a l information on the Conference write to

Ge orge Goulette Director Bureau of Conferences and Institure s University of Colorado Boulder Col orado 8030 2

23

O I N T

MEASUREME T

ONFERENCE June 21-23 1972 at Boulder Colorado

STEERING COMMITTEE PLEASE REPLY TO

JOINT MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE A J Woodington Chaiman

rC~n poundr ~ 1 U tl3 f111 C5 ~Ofl a ~ Aogt n H p c e lt) ) PRESS RELEASE

Am~ -ic n Soc I e ty tor O II y (on p)1

A J oint Measurement Conference the first in a potential series will be held June 21-23 1972 at Boulder

Andrew F Dunn Colorado The keynote of the Conference - THE ROLE AND N H I 0 I ee s e a r c h Co nlt1 o f L ana d a

l n s t s t c t e fo r Ele trc 1 VALUE OF MEASUREMENT - is also the theme of the opening ~ tl ogttt ro n 1( l (l~l neer s

address to be presented by Lewis M Branscomb Director o f the National Bureau of Standards US Department of Conunerce

Ptr K Stein ( Afl lon a S t e t c Ul ~H ~ t ~)

IA~ t T urIle~ ~o C I j o le r lC The joint aspects of this Conference are indicated by the list of sponsors

Ameri can Society for Qua l i t y Control - Electronics W ilbur J Anson DivisionMetrology Technical Conunittee

( p I)n 1 ~u tJ u r ~ 1 ne l( j ~ rh t l o llal vc n t e r e nc e o j S l noj r d Le oo r Lor 11(1 Institute for Electrical and Electronics

Engineers-Group on Instrumentation and Measurement

A K Edgerton Instrument Society o f America-Metrology Division s e e c q ~ l o r e ll ~ n t 10 5 50gtlt I 1 10 11

National Bureau of Standards

National Conference of Standards Laboratories

Joseph M Cameron Precision Measurements Association gtjH Onl Bu-ta u o S la n(lardi

The purpose of the meeting is to promote the intershydisciplinary exchange of technical and managerial meas-

Helmut A Altschuler urement co n ce p t s The underlying theme i s that ideally l q ~~~ ~~~~f ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~ Technical personnel should utilize the Measurement

1l ~ ( V OrM 9 H ( H ~alulemeH ~ science concepts in all phases of product evolution shyresearch design devel opment manufacturing maintenance and quality control The techniques of a systems a p proach to accurate meaningful measurements will be emphasized as a powerful tool for both Management and Technical personnel The sessions will stress that many if not all measurement disciplines are required in the solution of softwarehardware oriented measurement problems

The Conference to be held at the NBS Boulder Laboratories is organized into 6 consecutive half-day sessions The general topic of the first day The Why of Measurement is explored in sessions on The Measurement Effort as a Resour ce for Management and as a Technical Res ource The How of Mea surement is covered in sessions on Physical Processes in Sensors Transducers Detectors and Intershydisciplinary Solutions to Problems and the Where of Measurement is discussed in sessions on Systems Metrology and Measurement-Oriented Engineers from our Campuses

Attendees of the Joint Measurement Con f e r e n c e have the opp o r t un i t y to take in a conference doubleheader as the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurement meets in Boulder June 26-29

24

STANDARDS LABORATORIES WITHER OR NOT

DO YOU HAVE A RE ACTION

President Hayes posed challenging questions in his editori al in the June NCSL News l e t t e r Essentially its a matter of standshyards labor atories demonstrating an impact upon their companys product For some st and ards laboratories it could be a matter of survival The crucial question is Can the qu ality and consistency of a companys product be maintained without the existence of a company standards laboratory

One type of r eaction containing a t echnical approach is contained in the letter Glenn Engen wr ote me How ab out it -shyDoes anyone else have a reaction to either the Hayes editorial my comments above or Glenn Engens l etter If so then write to me and maybe we can promote an interchange of viewpoints via the Newsletter

Wilbur Anson Edi tor

U OEPA TMENT OF COMMERCE Nationa l Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

To W J Anson Editor NCSL Newsletter

From G F En gen Electromagnetics Division NBS

Sub je c t Comment on Hayes Recent Edi t or i a l

President Hayes has pos ed a real chall en ge to those of us in st andards laboratories In a word the questi on is What c an we do to improve our relevance

The purp ose of this l etter is to call attention t o the r esults of s ome recent work at NBS which n ow makes pos s i b le a mor e meaningful interacti on between the calibration laborat ory an d the groups it serves

Historically a major obstacl e to this interaction has be en the connector problem Until r ecently p r e c i s Lon connect ors have been regarded as an e s s en t i al e le men t to accurat e measurements at UHF and microwave frequencies and their use has been adopted and promoted by standards laboratories

On the o t he r hand the field equipment is usually provided with a different c onn e ct or This confronts the us er with the probl em of e i t he r converting his e qu i pmen t to the pr e c i s i on connector or with an a dap t or e val uat ion prob Lem The f ormer s 01 ut ion II is

25

usually impossibl e for e con omi c or ot he r practical reasons while the probl ems asso c i a te d with adaptor evaluation tend t o negate the p otential con t r i bu t i on o f the calibrati on laborat ory As a cons equence there is a substanti al void between the world o f the standards laboratory and that of the fi eld us ers

As a r e sult of recent NBS e ff or t it is n ow possibl e for an important group o f measurement probl ems to provide the user with improved accuracy (o r accuracy potential) without imp osing th e condition that the conn e ctors on his equipment or gear be conshyverted to some p r e c i s i ori ( ) t yp e To be mor e sp eci fi c the measurement o f power and r elated p arameters can n ow be e ffected in a way which s ubs t an t i a l l y minimi ze s the dependenc e upon conshynector properti es In a recent e xp e r i men t fo r exampl e the ordin ary Type N connect or per formed as well as the GPC-7 an d sub stantially better than ce rtain Lmpro ve d Type N connectors

It must be a dmi t t e d however that the reali zation of this bene fit does call fo r s ome re-direction of existin g practice In parshyticular thi s ins ensitivity t o connector properti e s i s a ch ie ved on l y f or certain terminal i nva r i an t parameters o r meas ur an ds Thes e include f or e xample the e f fe ct i ve eff i c i en cy of a bol ometer mount but n ot the c a l i bra t i on f ac t or Apar t f rom the initi al chan ge ove r probl ems h owe ve r the us e of the terminal invariant parameters as the basis f or a cal i bra t i on service provide s certain advan t ages i n additi on t o e l i mi n a t ion of the precisi on connector requirement In particul ar a s ub s tan t i a l simpli fication in the proce dures for the evaluati on of mi smatch corrections i s re alized

By way o f comparis on it may be noted th at the e xi sting practice is heavily ori ented in the di recti on of telling the user how his de v i ce would behave in an ide al world (Name ly one where a ll other components are perfectl y matched or re flectionless and fitt ed with i deal connectors ) More ove r the standards lab orato r y usually e xp ends a substanti al eff or t to in sure th at its calibration systems c l ose ly appr oximate these criteria

Unfortunatel y the us er who wi shes t o make optimum use of s uch calibration r esults must f i r s t de t e r mi ne to what e x t en t his s ystem di ffers from thos e f oun d in the ideal world The answers t o thes e questions involve rtmismat ch co r re ct i on s Thes e in turn require compl e x impedance me asurements an d computations which are often be yond the field personnel

The implicit r eference to an i de a l worl d may b e avo i ded when terminal invari ant quantiti es are chos en as the b asis of th e calibration s ervice In particul ar the procedure is to cali shybr ate the di f f erent t ype s of components (eg b olometer mounts a t t enua t or s etc ) in t erms of cert ain fund amental properti es which are the same irre spective of the sys t em in which the component i s us ed and moreover which do not pre suppo se that the comp onent is f i t t ed with ide al wave guide l eads The

26

mismatch corrections now takes the form of evaluating cer t a i n Lnt e r ac t i on terms between the component and the system in which it is used Although this falls to the lot of the us r and does require some effort the requirement for complex impedance measurements has been eliminated When these proposed changes are adopted the role of the user who wishes to make the best use of the calibration results is thus simplified while the accuracy potential for the user who ignores these corrections is nominally the same

The theoretical background for these remarks will be found in the writers paper Powe r Equations A New Concept in the Descriptions and Evaluation of Microwave Systems (IEEE Trans on Instr and Meas Vol 1M-20 Feb 1971)

From wh a t has been said it will be recognized that the major thrust of this effort is to make better use of existing hardware rather than ti e improved accuracy to more stringent hardware specifications

Although the development and extension of these concepts is continuing at NBS the basic groundwork is well established and promises to play a major role in tomorrows I world It appears that the c a l i b r a t i on laboratories could provide a real service by introducing the user groups to these ideas

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

9

ADMINISTRATION COMMITTEES -- James F Hadley

Committee l-A -- Organization Committee

Chairman John R Van de Houten of Bell Aerospace Company

The following is the status of the six Guidelines which are in various stages of completion

1 Guidelines for the Members Delegate Ready for dlstribution

2 Guidelines for the Secretariat Ready for Board of Directors review

3 Guidelines for the Nominations Committee Ready for Board of Directors review

4 Guidelines for Membership Acceptance Being reviewed by the Board of Directors

S Guidelines for the Conference Chairman The preliminary draft prepared by A J Noodlngton lS in the final stages of preparation by W Vandal I t should be ready for review by the Board of Directors sometime in October

6 Guidelines for Financial Operations A draft has been prepared by W McPhee and J Dandeneau and is being reviewed by Organization Committee It is expected that this will be ready for Board of Directors review by Octob e r

As you can see the efforts of last years committee and its chairman A J Woodington are nearing completion It is anti shycipated that all of the Gu i de Line s will be ready for distribushytion to holders of the NCSL Information Man uaI by the end of this year

No additional Guidelines are currently planned but suggestions for new ones are welcome

10

Committee 1-B -- Meetings and Program Committee

Chairman Orville Linebrink of Battelle Memorial Institute

Thirteen regional areas of NCSL membership were established and all but two of these areas have either held meetings or joined with adjacent area groups (See the following table for details) Reports from various attendees have been enthusiastically in favor of continuation of regional meetings at various suggested intershyvals The holding of one meeting per region per year seems a reasonable minimal goal The success of these meetings is entirely due to the efforts of the regional hosts All of these hosts are members of the MampP Committee For the year 1971 the regional hosts were enlisted by the chairman of the MampP Committee To provide good continuity these regional hosts who have held meetings should either be continued as hosts or have them become very active in securing a successor Cutbacks and restricted activity of company personnel has been a problem in some regions and further changes of this nature will be encountered Files of regional correspondence will be forwarded to the new chairman of the MampP Committee

The regional meetings programs have been greatly assisted by the Cost Reduction Committee Ralph Barra Chairman The NCSL Secretariat Office has been very cooperative in providing updated membership lists

The NCSL membership has been most cooperative in the regional meetings Every possible effort should be made to involve all members in some way Sharing of information through questionnaires from the MampP Committee to develop subject matter for local meetings in addition to national committee reports might be a useful tool for next year

11

RIDIONAL MEEI I NG SUMMARY

The following meetings have been held bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

Date Host Region Place Attendance

12-16-70 RJBarra 5 Westinghouse - Baltimore Md 10

3-11-71 GWVincent 11 Electro Scientific Industries 11 Portland Oregon

3-16 JDMitche11 13 Autonetics - Anaheim Calif 34

3-17 ERogers 5 USArmy Harry Diamond Lab 8 Washington DC

4-19 DAntonucci 2 Grumman Aerospace Corp 12 Bethpage NY

5-5 WHMcPhee 1 MIT Draper Lab - Cambridge lass 10

5-7 WMcDill 67 Martin Marietta Company 14 Orlando Fla

5-13 DJGreb 12 Lockheed - Sunnyvale Calif 20

5-20 RY Bailey 8 USAF - Newark Ohio 12

6-16 ERJohnson 5 USNavy - Washington DC 11

7-29 J DNitche11 13 Lobster House Marina Del Ray 28 Los Angeles Calif

9-15 JLee 5 Honeywell Inc - McLean Virginia 10

and the following meetings are pLanned ltII bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

Oct21 HSIngraham 3 RCA - Moorestown NJ Oct27 Novl

TdMcDill JAValentino

67 1

Martin Marietta Co - Orlando Fla l1rr Draper Labs Cambridge Mass

Nov4 DJGreb 12 IEM San Jose Calif Jan12 5 To be armounced

Refer to page 21 of March 71 NCSL Newsletter for map Attendance was not limited to just NCSL members Non-manbers were also

invited and encouraged to participate in the Cost Reduction Report program

To NCSL Me mbe ps

T py to attend y our next regionaZ meetin g

Conta ct yo u r c o opdi n a t or i f one isn t s e t y e t

12

Committee 1-C -- Finance Committee

Chairman D I Hervig of US Army Safeguard

The committee has prepared and submitted to the Board of Directors a proposed budget for calendar year 1972

Committee 1-D -- Nominations Committee

Chairman Mort Angelo of Lockheed--Ca1ifornia

Balloting for the 1971 election of officers was completed on September 10 1971 The committee is now conducting the balloting for Delegates

Commi ttee 1-E - - Honors and Awards Commi ttee

Chairman D J Greb of Lockheed

The committee will determine what awards should be presented at the Member Delegates assembly to be held in June 1972

Committee 1-F -- Audit Committee

Chairman James Dandeneau of Raytheon

An audit of financial records of the organization is being made prior to turning the books over to the newly elected Treas urer

13

PLANN ING CO MM I TTEE S -- Wm L Vandal

Committee 2 -A -- Lon g Range Planning

Chairman Wesley H McPhee of MIT Draper Laboratory

The Long Ran ge Planning Committe has received the compreshyhensive report compiled by last years committee John Van de Houten Chairman

The recommendations will be the main topic of discussion at the next meeting of the Board of Directors It is expected that priorities and goals will be established and a plan for implemenshytation will be decided upon

The new committeets task will be more clearly defined and it is hoped that the output of the committee will set an orderly pattern for continued growth during the coming five year period

Board memb ers are as ke d to prepare themselves for the meeting by a revi ew of the committee recommendations as received at the july meet ing New memb ers and those not present in July will receive copies prior to the scheduled meeting in October

Commi t t e e 2-B -- Na t i on a l Measurement Requirements Commi t t e e

Chairman Ray Bailey of AF Metrology Labs

The measurement requirements which generated from the questionnaire circulated in early 1970 were submitted to NBS on 5 May 1970 No resp onse was received from the NBS The listing of measurement requirements was resubmitted to the Office of Measurement Services on 25 June 1971 No other act ions have been taken by this committee

14

LABORATORY MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION CO~WITTEES -- R J Barra

Committee 3-A -- Measurement Comparison and Statistical Procedures

Committee

Chairman Herbert S Ingraham Jr of RCA

Scop~ To perform technical audits of the national measureshyment system through intercomparison programs and to report all data that result from these programs

The Ratio Comparison portion of the DC-Low Frequency group will be on the road by November 15 1971 The Resistance and Reactance group will also be on the road by November 15 1971

A new coordinator for the Microwave Components groups will be appointed by November 15 1971 also

President Hayes has asked that consideration be given to changing the objectives of this committee to come up with a plan that in lieu of administering the actual physical moveshyment of the comparison package and analyses of the data the committee act in a managerial capacity coming up with a Recomshymended Practice for participation and endorsement of measurement agreement programs and to work with NBS who could be adminisshytrator for the flow of the comparison packages

Committee 3-B -- Specifications Committee

Chairman Carl Boyer Jr of Honeywell Inc

The CALIBRATION SYSTEM SPECIFICATION has received final committee review and approval and is now in the hands of the NCSL Board of Directors for their approval prior to publication

Plans for future action include review and possible revision of the April 1969 Comp i Lat i ori of Government Specifications Affecting Calibration Laboratories and examination o~ the n~ed for and pos s ib le contento f a tl Glo s s ary of Terms Us ed In Spe CIshyfications Affecting Calibration Laboratories ll

15

national Conference 0 StanJarJltJ cfatoratoriej co NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS WASHINGTON D C 20234

PLEASE ADDRESS REPLY TO

Carl Boyer I Jr NCSL Specifications Committee

I Honeywell IncDATA NEEDE PO Box 391 Annapolis Maryland 21404

Committee 3B - Specifications I has been asked to generate a glossary of terms used in specifications controlling calibration activities

The intent of s uc h a document will be to

bull Compile a li st of terms having general application to calibration oriented specifications

bull Accumulate a vailable definitions

bull Establish recommended usage

To provide a u seful document I we need input representative of the total membership of NCSL If you have ever been confused by a spe c ific a t i on term (e g I calibration I accuracy I traceability) I you can help by sending your list to the committee

Se nd your list (de fi n itio n s a nd sources will al so be welcome) to the Spe c ifi shycations Co mmitte e at the Anna poli s address above

Your input will be a ppreciated

Si nc e r e ly

~ -a-7shyCa rl Boye r Jr Chairman Sp ecifi c a t io n s Commit t e e

C B skc

16

Committee 3-C -- Calibration Systems Management Committee

Chairman James A Valentino of Sanders Associates Inc

Scope To develop the management control techniques required for optimum performance of calibration systems to provide cost visibility to managers to provide means to achieve cost reducshytions without degradation of quality through improved methods and procedures

Many of the Cost Visibility Exchange Program reports are finalized and have been issued to participating member laboratories The reports are available to all NCSL member laboratories by request to the Chairman The remaining reports will be forthshycoming shortly

All member delegates are urged to study these reports for they contain informative data

As suggested in the June Newsletter there exists several areas where a particular manufacturers instrument represents a sizeable portion of the family type Table I on page 18 of this newsletter lists instruments of this type and any cost reduction techniques employed on these instruments would have tremendous impact when applied on a national basis

Several sub-committee chairmen are currently investigating procedures of laboratories displaying low calibrationmaintenance times on particular instruments Since calibrationmaintenance times are wide spread for various organizations a standard cali shybration procedure would have considerable cost saving potential

Call for CARR

Few Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports (CARR) were submitted during the past several months The problem was discussed at length at the July NCSL Board of Directors Meeting Discussion centered around the suggestion that one possible reason for a lack of participation by members was fear their management would force an operating reduction to match the doll ars saved I f this is the belief of some member delegates then I suggest these members review their worth to their organization We should all again read the Presidents commentary in the June NCSL Newsletter We must all make a more meaningful contribution to our respective organizations

The Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports have been somewhat simplified to save the originator time in calculating actual savings (See the new form on page 19 of this newsletter) The committee needs these reports if its goal is to be attained The regional coordinators have been the major contributors to date All members are urged to read the existing reports for utilization in their own organization

17

Take a few minutes and submit your idea to your regional coordinators -- NOW -- TODAY

Region I will conduct a Round Robin commencing October 4 1971 Seven (7) member laboratories will participate with Mr Joseph Cameron of NBS acting as monitor

J bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull a bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

MEASUREMENTS AGREEMENT ROUND ROBIN

One of the most significant outcomes of the First Region One NCSL Meeting was the planning and implementation of a Measurements Agreement Round Robin The Round Robin is scheduled to begin October 4th and be completed by November 22nd this year A second data taking run will begin December 6th and end January 31st Seven Major New England Firms have pledged their participation The overall objective is to determine how well each participating laboratory using its own methods and test instrumentation agree with each other All data is coded for obvious reasons The Youden Plot will be the mechanism used to obviate resultant data A meeting will be scheduled after the first data run to discuss any problem areas and to prepare for a second data run utilizing the same s t anda r ds package Participating members in the First Region One Measurements Agreement Round Robin are A Kalisky and H Tobe of AVCO -- Wilmington H Haymes and J Valentino of Sanders Assoc Inc R Fay and R Raposa of Raytheon Co Sub Sig Division R Kidd of Microwave Assoc J Dandeneau and C Morse of Raytheon Co Equipment Div Wes McPhee of MIT Draper Lab and Dr John Hirsch of General Radio Company

(See Calibration

INSTRUII~NT

Electronic Counter

Electronic Counter

Differential Voltmeter

Differential Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Generator

Generator

Generator

Oscillator

Oscillator

Oscilloscope

Osc i lloscope

Oscilloscope

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Pressure Gauge

Pressure Gauge

18

TABLE 1

Systems Management Committee

~IANUFACTunEH

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

John Fluke

John Fluke

Dana

Fairchild

Hewlett Packard

Non-Linear Systems

Hewlett Packard

IIewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Ilewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

nshcr-o r t

Kollsman

Report)

MODEL

524

5245L

80lB

803803B

5600

7050

34403440 series plug-in

481

205A

612A

620A

200CD

650A

175

535

545

CC A

D

lA Series

Various

Various

19 COST AVOIDANCEREDUCTION REPORT

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABOR ATORIES

REVA ORIGINA L SUBMITTAL

REFEREN CE NCSL REPORT NO

COMPA NY I DIVISI ON NCSL REPORT NO

TITLE DATE

OLD METHOD

NEW METHOD

ESTIMATED ACTUAL IF AVAILABLE

NUMBER OF UNITS INVOLVED

TIME SAVINGS PER UNIT mnhrs mnhrs

MAT ERIAL SAVINGS PER UNIT $ $

fiHER SAVINGS $ $

IMPLEMENT AT ION COST S $ $

CONT RIBUTOR IIMPLEMENTATION DAT E NCSL DELEG ATE SIGNATU RE

20

Committee 3-D -- Education and Training Committee

Chairman M H Brenner of The Boeing Company

Scope To provide instructions and procedures for the effective training and education of personnel for metrology laboratories

The Committee has obtained two texts and are reviewing them Concurrently two items of test equipment have been donated by the Beckman Instrument Company and are being processed by the Committees coordinator Dr Morgan Annual objectives have been revised such that the analysis and comment of training texts will be processed and made available to NCSL members as they are completed rather than one annual issue at the conclusion of the year The committee is now targeted to release two such analyses by November 15 1971

The Committee is still seeking members training texts for reviews and any surplus test equipment Contributions of potential members names books or surplus test equipment can be made to any of the listed committee members

M H Brenner Dr Donald E Morgan Head The Boeing Company Dept of Industrial Engineering Metrology Se r vi ce Calif State Polytechnic College Or gn 24720 ]vj S 2P12 San Luis Obispo Calif 93401 Seattle Washington 98124

Robert Wille t Dr Peter Stein Collins Radio Company Arizona State University Cedar Rapids Iowa 53406 Tempe Arizona 85281

D J Franke Carroll G Hughes 902 Appling Avenue Westinghouse Electric Corp Placentia Calif 92670 Box 746 -- MS 550

Baltimore Maryland 21203 Joseph Davis Bendix Company PO Box 1159 Kans as Ci t y Mo

21

COMMUNICATI ON S ampMARKETING COMMITTEES - - W H McPh ee

Committee 4-A -- News le t t e r Committe e

Chairman Wilbur An son of Na t i on a l Bu r eau o f Standards

This issue of th e Newsletter r ep orts f or itself -- issue was del ayed not by th e editor but b y the n ece ssity of wa i t i ng f o r el e ction r eturns on our off conference year May we make this an appe a l for mor e inputs from our membe r laboratori es del egates

Committe e 4-B - - Directory Committe e

Ch airman Le wi s Wears of John Hopkins University

Lewis r eports th e n ew directory to be r e ady for distribution in the v ery near future after a revision of information and f ee d i ng th e comp uter -- an operation that wi l l make futur e directori es e asi er to e d i t

Committ e e 4 -C -- Information Committee

Chairman Robert Verity o f Le eds ampNo r t h r up Co

Bob is now back in circulation followin g an ex t e n de d period of NCS L inactivity c a us e d by l abor probl ems within his c omp a ny

Committe e 4- D -- Calibration Procedures Committ e e

Chairman Martin Vyenielo of Lawrence Radi ation Labo r a t o r y

Marty was r ecently appointed t o the GIDEP Industry advisory bo ard with speci al interest in c alibration procedures distribushytion GIDEP i s working tow ard a pro gram to improve the calibration p ro ce du r e s quality and content They a re presently involved i n a se r ie s o f indoctrinati on clinics NCSL is cooperating in this by p re s e n t i ng the calibration p ro ce d ure s asp e c t of their e f f o r t To date Ch airman Vyeni e10 and Vice President Wesl ey Mc Phee have participated on the East and West coast -- other a reas are s che d ule d GIDEP welcomes ideas for improvin g the c a l i b r a t ion procedures distribution -- submit comments and ideas through the Ch airman or through the ALERT s ystem s et up for r eporting prob l em areas

22

Committ ee 4-E -- Recommended Practices Committe e

Chairman Elmo R Johnson of U S Navy

Al l r ecommended practices submitted have b een distributed for board members app r ov a l prior to gen e ral distribution for insertion in the information manu al in the near futur e El mo has ch anged h ats and is pres ently with the Navy Chief of Naval Material s 740 Crystal Plaza Jeffe r s on Davis Hi ghway Washington DC 20360

I~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbull middot~~~ bullbull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

CPEM 72

Conference on Pr ec i s i on Ele ctroma gnetic Measure ments wi l l b e held June 26 -29 197 2 at Boulder Colorado

A call for papers has been issued For information relatin g to the t echnical program write t o

Dr Harold S Boyne Radio Building Room 4075 Nat i on al Bureau of St anda r ds Boulder Colorado 80302

For gene r a l information on the Conference write to

Ge orge Goulette Director Bureau of Conferences and Institure s University of Colorado Boulder Col orado 8030 2

23

O I N T

MEASUREME T

ONFERENCE June 21-23 1972 at Boulder Colorado

STEERING COMMITTEE PLEASE REPLY TO

JOINT MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE A J Woodington Chaiman

rC~n poundr ~ 1 U tl3 f111 C5 ~Ofl a ~ Aogt n H p c e lt) ) PRESS RELEASE

Am~ -ic n Soc I e ty tor O II y (on p)1

A J oint Measurement Conference the first in a potential series will be held June 21-23 1972 at Boulder

Andrew F Dunn Colorado The keynote of the Conference - THE ROLE AND N H I 0 I ee s e a r c h Co nlt1 o f L ana d a

l n s t s t c t e fo r Ele trc 1 VALUE OF MEASUREMENT - is also the theme of the opening ~ tl ogttt ro n 1( l (l~l neer s

address to be presented by Lewis M Branscomb Director o f the National Bureau of Standards US Department of Conunerce

Ptr K Stein ( Afl lon a S t e t c Ul ~H ~ t ~)

IA~ t T urIle~ ~o C I j o le r lC The joint aspects of this Conference are indicated by the list of sponsors

Ameri can Society for Qua l i t y Control - Electronics W ilbur J Anson DivisionMetrology Technical Conunittee

( p I)n 1 ~u tJ u r ~ 1 ne l( j ~ rh t l o llal vc n t e r e nc e o j S l noj r d Le oo r Lor 11(1 Institute for Electrical and Electronics

Engineers-Group on Instrumentation and Measurement

A K Edgerton Instrument Society o f America-Metrology Division s e e c q ~ l o r e ll ~ n t 10 5 50gtlt I 1 10 11

National Bureau of Standards

National Conference of Standards Laboratories

Joseph M Cameron Precision Measurements Association gtjH Onl Bu-ta u o S la n(lardi

The purpose of the meeting is to promote the intershydisciplinary exchange of technical and managerial meas-

Helmut A Altschuler urement co n ce p t s The underlying theme i s that ideally l q ~~~ ~~~~f ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~ Technical personnel should utilize the Measurement

1l ~ ( V OrM 9 H ( H ~alulemeH ~ science concepts in all phases of product evolution shyresearch design devel opment manufacturing maintenance and quality control The techniques of a systems a p proach to accurate meaningful measurements will be emphasized as a powerful tool for both Management and Technical personnel The sessions will stress that many if not all measurement disciplines are required in the solution of softwarehardware oriented measurement problems

The Conference to be held at the NBS Boulder Laboratories is organized into 6 consecutive half-day sessions The general topic of the first day The Why of Measurement is explored in sessions on The Measurement Effort as a Resour ce for Management and as a Technical Res ource The How of Mea surement is covered in sessions on Physical Processes in Sensors Transducers Detectors and Intershydisciplinary Solutions to Problems and the Where of Measurement is discussed in sessions on Systems Metrology and Measurement-Oriented Engineers from our Campuses

Attendees of the Joint Measurement Con f e r e n c e have the opp o r t un i t y to take in a conference doubleheader as the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurement meets in Boulder June 26-29

24

STANDARDS LABORATORIES WITHER OR NOT

DO YOU HAVE A RE ACTION

President Hayes posed challenging questions in his editori al in the June NCSL News l e t t e r Essentially its a matter of standshyards labor atories demonstrating an impact upon their companys product For some st and ards laboratories it could be a matter of survival The crucial question is Can the qu ality and consistency of a companys product be maintained without the existence of a company standards laboratory

One type of r eaction containing a t echnical approach is contained in the letter Glenn Engen wr ote me How ab out it -shyDoes anyone else have a reaction to either the Hayes editorial my comments above or Glenn Engens l etter If so then write to me and maybe we can promote an interchange of viewpoints via the Newsletter

Wilbur Anson Edi tor

U OEPA TMENT OF COMMERCE Nationa l Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

To W J Anson Editor NCSL Newsletter

From G F En gen Electromagnetics Division NBS

Sub je c t Comment on Hayes Recent Edi t or i a l

President Hayes has pos ed a real chall en ge to those of us in st andards laboratories In a word the questi on is What c an we do to improve our relevance

The purp ose of this l etter is to call attention t o the r esults of s ome recent work at NBS which n ow makes pos s i b le a mor e meaningful interacti on between the calibration laborat ory an d the groups it serves

Historically a major obstacl e to this interaction has be en the connector problem Until r ecently p r e c i s Lon connect ors have been regarded as an e s s en t i al e le men t to accurat e measurements at UHF and microwave frequencies and their use has been adopted and promoted by standards laboratories

On the o t he r hand the field equipment is usually provided with a different c onn e ct or This confronts the us er with the probl em of e i t he r converting his e qu i pmen t to the pr e c i s i on connector or with an a dap t or e val uat ion prob Lem The f ormer s 01 ut ion II is

25

usually impossibl e for e con omi c or ot he r practical reasons while the probl ems asso c i a te d with adaptor evaluation tend t o negate the p otential con t r i bu t i on o f the calibrati on laborat ory As a cons equence there is a substanti al void between the world o f the standards laboratory and that of the fi eld us ers

As a r e sult of recent NBS e ff or t it is n ow possibl e for an important group o f measurement probl ems to provide the user with improved accuracy (o r accuracy potential) without imp osing th e condition that the conn e ctors on his equipment or gear be conshyverted to some p r e c i s i ori ( ) t yp e To be mor e sp eci fi c the measurement o f power and r elated p arameters can n ow be e ffected in a way which s ubs t an t i a l l y minimi ze s the dependenc e upon conshynector properti es In a recent e xp e r i men t fo r exampl e the ordin ary Type N connect or per formed as well as the GPC-7 an d sub stantially better than ce rtain Lmpro ve d Type N connectors

It must be a dmi t t e d however that the reali zation of this bene fit does call fo r s ome re-direction of existin g practice In parshyticular thi s ins ensitivity t o connector properti e s i s a ch ie ved on l y f or certain terminal i nva r i an t parameters o r meas ur an ds Thes e include f or e xample the e f fe ct i ve eff i c i en cy of a bol ometer mount but n ot the c a l i bra t i on f ac t or Apar t f rom the initi al chan ge ove r probl ems h owe ve r the us e of the terminal invariant parameters as the basis f or a cal i bra t i on service provide s certain advan t ages i n additi on t o e l i mi n a t ion of the precisi on connector requirement In particul ar a s ub s tan t i a l simpli fication in the proce dures for the evaluati on of mi smatch corrections i s re alized

By way o f comparis on it may be noted th at the e xi sting practice is heavily ori ented in the di recti on of telling the user how his de v i ce would behave in an ide al world (Name ly one where a ll other components are perfectl y matched or re flectionless and fitt ed with i deal connectors ) More ove r the standards lab orato r y usually e xp ends a substanti al eff or t to in sure th at its calibration systems c l ose ly appr oximate these criteria

Unfortunatel y the us er who wi shes t o make optimum use of s uch calibration r esults must f i r s t de t e r mi ne to what e x t en t his s ystem di ffers from thos e f oun d in the ideal world The answers t o thes e questions involve rtmismat ch co r re ct i on s Thes e in turn require compl e x impedance me asurements an d computations which are often be yond the field personnel

The implicit r eference to an i de a l worl d may b e avo i ded when terminal invari ant quantiti es are chos en as the b asis of th e calibration s ervice In particul ar the procedure is to cali shybr ate the di f f erent t ype s of components (eg b olometer mounts a t t enua t or s etc ) in t erms of cert ain fund amental properti es which are the same irre spective of the sys t em in which the component i s us ed and moreover which do not pre suppo se that the comp onent is f i t t ed with ide al wave guide l eads The

26

mismatch corrections now takes the form of evaluating cer t a i n Lnt e r ac t i on terms between the component and the system in which it is used Although this falls to the lot of the us r and does require some effort the requirement for complex impedance measurements has been eliminated When these proposed changes are adopted the role of the user who wishes to make the best use of the calibration results is thus simplified while the accuracy potential for the user who ignores these corrections is nominally the same

The theoretical background for these remarks will be found in the writers paper Powe r Equations A New Concept in the Descriptions and Evaluation of Microwave Systems (IEEE Trans on Instr and Meas Vol 1M-20 Feb 1971)

From wh a t has been said it will be recognized that the major thrust of this effort is to make better use of existing hardware rather than ti e improved accuracy to more stringent hardware specifications

Although the development and extension of these concepts is continuing at NBS the basic groundwork is well established and promises to play a major role in tomorrows I world It appears that the c a l i b r a t i on laboratories could provide a real service by introducing the user groups to these ideas

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

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HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

10

Committee 1-B -- Meetings and Program Committee

Chairman Orville Linebrink of Battelle Memorial Institute

Thirteen regional areas of NCSL membership were established and all but two of these areas have either held meetings or joined with adjacent area groups (See the following table for details) Reports from various attendees have been enthusiastically in favor of continuation of regional meetings at various suggested intershyvals The holding of one meeting per region per year seems a reasonable minimal goal The success of these meetings is entirely due to the efforts of the regional hosts All of these hosts are members of the MampP Committee For the year 1971 the regional hosts were enlisted by the chairman of the MampP Committee To provide good continuity these regional hosts who have held meetings should either be continued as hosts or have them become very active in securing a successor Cutbacks and restricted activity of company personnel has been a problem in some regions and further changes of this nature will be encountered Files of regional correspondence will be forwarded to the new chairman of the MampP Committee

The regional meetings programs have been greatly assisted by the Cost Reduction Committee Ralph Barra Chairman The NCSL Secretariat Office has been very cooperative in providing updated membership lists

The NCSL membership has been most cooperative in the regional meetings Every possible effort should be made to involve all members in some way Sharing of information through questionnaires from the MampP Committee to develop subject matter for local meetings in addition to national committee reports might be a useful tool for next year

11

RIDIONAL MEEI I NG SUMMARY

The following meetings have been held bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

Date Host Region Place Attendance

12-16-70 RJBarra 5 Westinghouse - Baltimore Md 10

3-11-71 GWVincent 11 Electro Scientific Industries 11 Portland Oregon

3-16 JDMitche11 13 Autonetics - Anaheim Calif 34

3-17 ERogers 5 USArmy Harry Diamond Lab 8 Washington DC

4-19 DAntonucci 2 Grumman Aerospace Corp 12 Bethpage NY

5-5 WHMcPhee 1 MIT Draper Lab - Cambridge lass 10

5-7 WMcDill 67 Martin Marietta Company 14 Orlando Fla

5-13 DJGreb 12 Lockheed - Sunnyvale Calif 20

5-20 RY Bailey 8 USAF - Newark Ohio 12

6-16 ERJohnson 5 USNavy - Washington DC 11

7-29 J DNitche11 13 Lobster House Marina Del Ray 28 Los Angeles Calif

9-15 JLee 5 Honeywell Inc - McLean Virginia 10

and the following meetings are pLanned ltII bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

Oct21 HSIngraham 3 RCA - Moorestown NJ Oct27 Novl

TdMcDill JAValentino

67 1

Martin Marietta Co - Orlando Fla l1rr Draper Labs Cambridge Mass

Nov4 DJGreb 12 IEM San Jose Calif Jan12 5 To be armounced

Refer to page 21 of March 71 NCSL Newsletter for map Attendance was not limited to just NCSL members Non-manbers were also

invited and encouraged to participate in the Cost Reduction Report program

To NCSL Me mbe ps

T py to attend y our next regionaZ meetin g

Conta ct yo u r c o opdi n a t or i f one isn t s e t y e t

12

Committee 1-C -- Finance Committee

Chairman D I Hervig of US Army Safeguard

The committee has prepared and submitted to the Board of Directors a proposed budget for calendar year 1972

Committee 1-D -- Nominations Committee

Chairman Mort Angelo of Lockheed--Ca1ifornia

Balloting for the 1971 election of officers was completed on September 10 1971 The committee is now conducting the balloting for Delegates

Commi ttee 1-E - - Honors and Awards Commi ttee

Chairman D J Greb of Lockheed

The committee will determine what awards should be presented at the Member Delegates assembly to be held in June 1972

Committee 1-F -- Audit Committee

Chairman James Dandeneau of Raytheon

An audit of financial records of the organization is being made prior to turning the books over to the newly elected Treas urer

13

PLANN ING CO MM I TTEE S -- Wm L Vandal

Committee 2 -A -- Lon g Range Planning

Chairman Wesley H McPhee of MIT Draper Laboratory

The Long Ran ge Planning Committe has received the compreshyhensive report compiled by last years committee John Van de Houten Chairman

The recommendations will be the main topic of discussion at the next meeting of the Board of Directors It is expected that priorities and goals will be established and a plan for implemenshytation will be decided upon

The new committeets task will be more clearly defined and it is hoped that the output of the committee will set an orderly pattern for continued growth during the coming five year period

Board memb ers are as ke d to prepare themselves for the meeting by a revi ew of the committee recommendations as received at the july meet ing New memb ers and those not present in July will receive copies prior to the scheduled meeting in October

Commi t t e e 2-B -- Na t i on a l Measurement Requirements Commi t t e e

Chairman Ray Bailey of AF Metrology Labs

The measurement requirements which generated from the questionnaire circulated in early 1970 were submitted to NBS on 5 May 1970 No resp onse was received from the NBS The listing of measurement requirements was resubmitted to the Office of Measurement Services on 25 June 1971 No other act ions have been taken by this committee

14

LABORATORY MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION CO~WITTEES -- R J Barra

Committee 3-A -- Measurement Comparison and Statistical Procedures

Committee

Chairman Herbert S Ingraham Jr of RCA

Scop~ To perform technical audits of the national measureshyment system through intercomparison programs and to report all data that result from these programs

The Ratio Comparison portion of the DC-Low Frequency group will be on the road by November 15 1971 The Resistance and Reactance group will also be on the road by November 15 1971

A new coordinator for the Microwave Components groups will be appointed by November 15 1971 also

President Hayes has asked that consideration be given to changing the objectives of this committee to come up with a plan that in lieu of administering the actual physical moveshyment of the comparison package and analyses of the data the committee act in a managerial capacity coming up with a Recomshymended Practice for participation and endorsement of measurement agreement programs and to work with NBS who could be adminisshytrator for the flow of the comparison packages

Committee 3-B -- Specifications Committee

Chairman Carl Boyer Jr of Honeywell Inc

The CALIBRATION SYSTEM SPECIFICATION has received final committee review and approval and is now in the hands of the NCSL Board of Directors for their approval prior to publication

Plans for future action include review and possible revision of the April 1969 Comp i Lat i ori of Government Specifications Affecting Calibration Laboratories and examination o~ the n~ed for and pos s ib le contento f a tl Glo s s ary of Terms Us ed In Spe CIshyfications Affecting Calibration Laboratories ll

15

national Conference 0 StanJarJltJ cfatoratoriej co NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS WASHINGTON D C 20234

PLEASE ADDRESS REPLY TO

Carl Boyer I Jr NCSL Specifications Committee

I Honeywell IncDATA NEEDE PO Box 391 Annapolis Maryland 21404

Committee 3B - Specifications I has been asked to generate a glossary of terms used in specifications controlling calibration activities

The intent of s uc h a document will be to

bull Compile a li st of terms having general application to calibration oriented specifications

bull Accumulate a vailable definitions

bull Establish recommended usage

To provide a u seful document I we need input representative of the total membership of NCSL If you have ever been confused by a spe c ific a t i on term (e g I calibration I accuracy I traceability) I you can help by sending your list to the committee

Se nd your list (de fi n itio n s a nd sources will al so be welcome) to the Spe c ifi shycations Co mmitte e at the Anna poli s address above

Your input will be a ppreciated

Si nc e r e ly

~ -a-7shyCa rl Boye r Jr Chairman Sp ecifi c a t io n s Commit t e e

C B skc

16

Committee 3-C -- Calibration Systems Management Committee

Chairman James A Valentino of Sanders Associates Inc

Scope To develop the management control techniques required for optimum performance of calibration systems to provide cost visibility to managers to provide means to achieve cost reducshytions without degradation of quality through improved methods and procedures

Many of the Cost Visibility Exchange Program reports are finalized and have been issued to participating member laboratories The reports are available to all NCSL member laboratories by request to the Chairman The remaining reports will be forthshycoming shortly

All member delegates are urged to study these reports for they contain informative data

As suggested in the June Newsletter there exists several areas where a particular manufacturers instrument represents a sizeable portion of the family type Table I on page 18 of this newsletter lists instruments of this type and any cost reduction techniques employed on these instruments would have tremendous impact when applied on a national basis

Several sub-committee chairmen are currently investigating procedures of laboratories displaying low calibrationmaintenance times on particular instruments Since calibrationmaintenance times are wide spread for various organizations a standard cali shybration procedure would have considerable cost saving potential

Call for CARR

Few Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports (CARR) were submitted during the past several months The problem was discussed at length at the July NCSL Board of Directors Meeting Discussion centered around the suggestion that one possible reason for a lack of participation by members was fear their management would force an operating reduction to match the doll ars saved I f this is the belief of some member delegates then I suggest these members review their worth to their organization We should all again read the Presidents commentary in the June NCSL Newsletter We must all make a more meaningful contribution to our respective organizations

The Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports have been somewhat simplified to save the originator time in calculating actual savings (See the new form on page 19 of this newsletter) The committee needs these reports if its goal is to be attained The regional coordinators have been the major contributors to date All members are urged to read the existing reports for utilization in their own organization

17

Take a few minutes and submit your idea to your regional coordinators -- NOW -- TODAY

Region I will conduct a Round Robin commencing October 4 1971 Seven (7) member laboratories will participate with Mr Joseph Cameron of NBS acting as monitor

J bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull a bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

MEASUREMENTS AGREEMENT ROUND ROBIN

One of the most significant outcomes of the First Region One NCSL Meeting was the planning and implementation of a Measurements Agreement Round Robin The Round Robin is scheduled to begin October 4th and be completed by November 22nd this year A second data taking run will begin December 6th and end January 31st Seven Major New England Firms have pledged their participation The overall objective is to determine how well each participating laboratory using its own methods and test instrumentation agree with each other All data is coded for obvious reasons The Youden Plot will be the mechanism used to obviate resultant data A meeting will be scheduled after the first data run to discuss any problem areas and to prepare for a second data run utilizing the same s t anda r ds package Participating members in the First Region One Measurements Agreement Round Robin are A Kalisky and H Tobe of AVCO -- Wilmington H Haymes and J Valentino of Sanders Assoc Inc R Fay and R Raposa of Raytheon Co Sub Sig Division R Kidd of Microwave Assoc J Dandeneau and C Morse of Raytheon Co Equipment Div Wes McPhee of MIT Draper Lab and Dr John Hirsch of General Radio Company

(See Calibration

INSTRUII~NT

Electronic Counter

Electronic Counter

Differential Voltmeter

Differential Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Generator

Generator

Generator

Oscillator

Oscillator

Oscilloscope

Osc i lloscope

Oscilloscope

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Pressure Gauge

Pressure Gauge

18

TABLE 1

Systems Management Committee

~IANUFACTunEH

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

John Fluke

John Fluke

Dana

Fairchild

Hewlett Packard

Non-Linear Systems

Hewlett Packard

IIewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Ilewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

nshcr-o r t

Kollsman

Report)

MODEL

524

5245L

80lB

803803B

5600

7050

34403440 series plug-in

481

205A

612A

620A

200CD

650A

175

535

545

CC A

D

lA Series

Various

Various

19 COST AVOIDANCEREDUCTION REPORT

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABOR ATORIES

REVA ORIGINA L SUBMITTAL

REFEREN CE NCSL REPORT NO

COMPA NY I DIVISI ON NCSL REPORT NO

TITLE DATE

OLD METHOD

NEW METHOD

ESTIMATED ACTUAL IF AVAILABLE

NUMBER OF UNITS INVOLVED

TIME SAVINGS PER UNIT mnhrs mnhrs

MAT ERIAL SAVINGS PER UNIT $ $

fiHER SAVINGS $ $

IMPLEMENT AT ION COST S $ $

CONT RIBUTOR IIMPLEMENTATION DAT E NCSL DELEG ATE SIGNATU RE

20

Committee 3-D -- Education and Training Committee

Chairman M H Brenner of The Boeing Company

Scope To provide instructions and procedures for the effective training and education of personnel for metrology laboratories

The Committee has obtained two texts and are reviewing them Concurrently two items of test equipment have been donated by the Beckman Instrument Company and are being processed by the Committees coordinator Dr Morgan Annual objectives have been revised such that the analysis and comment of training texts will be processed and made available to NCSL members as they are completed rather than one annual issue at the conclusion of the year The committee is now targeted to release two such analyses by November 15 1971

The Committee is still seeking members training texts for reviews and any surplus test equipment Contributions of potential members names books or surplus test equipment can be made to any of the listed committee members

M H Brenner Dr Donald E Morgan Head The Boeing Company Dept of Industrial Engineering Metrology Se r vi ce Calif State Polytechnic College Or gn 24720 ]vj S 2P12 San Luis Obispo Calif 93401 Seattle Washington 98124

Robert Wille t Dr Peter Stein Collins Radio Company Arizona State University Cedar Rapids Iowa 53406 Tempe Arizona 85281

D J Franke Carroll G Hughes 902 Appling Avenue Westinghouse Electric Corp Placentia Calif 92670 Box 746 -- MS 550

Baltimore Maryland 21203 Joseph Davis Bendix Company PO Box 1159 Kans as Ci t y Mo

21

COMMUNICATI ON S ampMARKETING COMMITTEES - - W H McPh ee

Committee 4-A -- News le t t e r Committe e

Chairman Wilbur An son of Na t i on a l Bu r eau o f Standards

This issue of th e Newsletter r ep orts f or itself -- issue was del ayed not by th e editor but b y the n ece ssity of wa i t i ng f o r el e ction r eturns on our off conference year May we make this an appe a l for mor e inputs from our membe r laboratori es del egates

Committe e 4-B - - Directory Committe e

Ch airman Le wi s Wears of John Hopkins University

Lewis r eports th e n ew directory to be r e ady for distribution in the v ery near future after a revision of information and f ee d i ng th e comp uter -- an operation that wi l l make futur e directori es e asi er to e d i t

Committ e e 4 -C -- Information Committee

Chairman Robert Verity o f Le eds ampNo r t h r up Co

Bob is now back in circulation followin g an ex t e n de d period of NCS L inactivity c a us e d by l abor probl ems within his c omp a ny

Committe e 4- D -- Calibration Procedures Committ e e

Chairman Martin Vyenielo of Lawrence Radi ation Labo r a t o r y

Marty was r ecently appointed t o the GIDEP Industry advisory bo ard with speci al interest in c alibration procedures distribushytion GIDEP i s working tow ard a pro gram to improve the calibration p ro ce du r e s quality and content They a re presently involved i n a se r ie s o f indoctrinati on clinics NCSL is cooperating in this by p re s e n t i ng the calibration p ro ce d ure s asp e c t of their e f f o r t To date Ch airman Vyeni e10 and Vice President Wesl ey Mc Phee have participated on the East and West coast -- other a reas are s che d ule d GIDEP welcomes ideas for improvin g the c a l i b r a t ion procedures distribution -- submit comments and ideas through the Ch airman or through the ALERT s ystem s et up for r eporting prob l em areas

22

Committ ee 4-E -- Recommended Practices Committe e

Chairman Elmo R Johnson of U S Navy

Al l r ecommended practices submitted have b een distributed for board members app r ov a l prior to gen e ral distribution for insertion in the information manu al in the near futur e El mo has ch anged h ats and is pres ently with the Navy Chief of Naval Material s 740 Crystal Plaza Jeffe r s on Davis Hi ghway Washington DC 20360

I~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbull middot~~~ bullbull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

CPEM 72

Conference on Pr ec i s i on Ele ctroma gnetic Measure ments wi l l b e held June 26 -29 197 2 at Boulder Colorado

A call for papers has been issued For information relatin g to the t echnical program write t o

Dr Harold S Boyne Radio Building Room 4075 Nat i on al Bureau of St anda r ds Boulder Colorado 80302

For gene r a l information on the Conference write to

Ge orge Goulette Director Bureau of Conferences and Institure s University of Colorado Boulder Col orado 8030 2

23

O I N T

MEASUREME T

ONFERENCE June 21-23 1972 at Boulder Colorado

STEERING COMMITTEE PLEASE REPLY TO

JOINT MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE A J Woodington Chaiman

rC~n poundr ~ 1 U tl3 f111 C5 ~Ofl a ~ Aogt n H p c e lt) ) PRESS RELEASE

Am~ -ic n Soc I e ty tor O II y (on p)1

A J oint Measurement Conference the first in a potential series will be held June 21-23 1972 at Boulder

Andrew F Dunn Colorado The keynote of the Conference - THE ROLE AND N H I 0 I ee s e a r c h Co nlt1 o f L ana d a

l n s t s t c t e fo r Ele trc 1 VALUE OF MEASUREMENT - is also the theme of the opening ~ tl ogttt ro n 1( l (l~l neer s

address to be presented by Lewis M Branscomb Director o f the National Bureau of Standards US Department of Conunerce

Ptr K Stein ( Afl lon a S t e t c Ul ~H ~ t ~)

IA~ t T urIle~ ~o C I j o le r lC The joint aspects of this Conference are indicated by the list of sponsors

Ameri can Society for Qua l i t y Control - Electronics W ilbur J Anson DivisionMetrology Technical Conunittee

( p I)n 1 ~u tJ u r ~ 1 ne l( j ~ rh t l o llal vc n t e r e nc e o j S l noj r d Le oo r Lor 11(1 Institute for Electrical and Electronics

Engineers-Group on Instrumentation and Measurement

A K Edgerton Instrument Society o f America-Metrology Division s e e c q ~ l o r e ll ~ n t 10 5 50gtlt I 1 10 11

National Bureau of Standards

National Conference of Standards Laboratories

Joseph M Cameron Precision Measurements Association gtjH Onl Bu-ta u o S la n(lardi

The purpose of the meeting is to promote the intershydisciplinary exchange of technical and managerial meas-

Helmut A Altschuler urement co n ce p t s The underlying theme i s that ideally l q ~~~ ~~~~f ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~ Technical personnel should utilize the Measurement

1l ~ ( V OrM 9 H ( H ~alulemeH ~ science concepts in all phases of product evolution shyresearch design devel opment manufacturing maintenance and quality control The techniques of a systems a p proach to accurate meaningful measurements will be emphasized as a powerful tool for both Management and Technical personnel The sessions will stress that many if not all measurement disciplines are required in the solution of softwarehardware oriented measurement problems

The Conference to be held at the NBS Boulder Laboratories is organized into 6 consecutive half-day sessions The general topic of the first day The Why of Measurement is explored in sessions on The Measurement Effort as a Resour ce for Management and as a Technical Res ource The How of Mea surement is covered in sessions on Physical Processes in Sensors Transducers Detectors and Intershydisciplinary Solutions to Problems and the Where of Measurement is discussed in sessions on Systems Metrology and Measurement-Oriented Engineers from our Campuses

Attendees of the Joint Measurement Con f e r e n c e have the opp o r t un i t y to take in a conference doubleheader as the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurement meets in Boulder June 26-29

24

STANDARDS LABORATORIES WITHER OR NOT

DO YOU HAVE A RE ACTION

President Hayes posed challenging questions in his editori al in the June NCSL News l e t t e r Essentially its a matter of standshyards labor atories demonstrating an impact upon their companys product For some st and ards laboratories it could be a matter of survival The crucial question is Can the qu ality and consistency of a companys product be maintained without the existence of a company standards laboratory

One type of r eaction containing a t echnical approach is contained in the letter Glenn Engen wr ote me How ab out it -shyDoes anyone else have a reaction to either the Hayes editorial my comments above or Glenn Engens l etter If so then write to me and maybe we can promote an interchange of viewpoints via the Newsletter

Wilbur Anson Edi tor

U OEPA TMENT OF COMMERCE Nationa l Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

To W J Anson Editor NCSL Newsletter

From G F En gen Electromagnetics Division NBS

Sub je c t Comment on Hayes Recent Edi t or i a l

President Hayes has pos ed a real chall en ge to those of us in st andards laboratories In a word the questi on is What c an we do to improve our relevance

The purp ose of this l etter is to call attention t o the r esults of s ome recent work at NBS which n ow makes pos s i b le a mor e meaningful interacti on between the calibration laborat ory an d the groups it serves

Historically a major obstacl e to this interaction has be en the connector problem Until r ecently p r e c i s Lon connect ors have been regarded as an e s s en t i al e le men t to accurat e measurements at UHF and microwave frequencies and their use has been adopted and promoted by standards laboratories

On the o t he r hand the field equipment is usually provided with a different c onn e ct or This confronts the us er with the probl em of e i t he r converting his e qu i pmen t to the pr e c i s i on connector or with an a dap t or e val uat ion prob Lem The f ormer s 01 ut ion II is

25

usually impossibl e for e con omi c or ot he r practical reasons while the probl ems asso c i a te d with adaptor evaluation tend t o negate the p otential con t r i bu t i on o f the calibrati on laborat ory As a cons equence there is a substanti al void between the world o f the standards laboratory and that of the fi eld us ers

As a r e sult of recent NBS e ff or t it is n ow possibl e for an important group o f measurement probl ems to provide the user with improved accuracy (o r accuracy potential) without imp osing th e condition that the conn e ctors on his equipment or gear be conshyverted to some p r e c i s i ori ( ) t yp e To be mor e sp eci fi c the measurement o f power and r elated p arameters can n ow be e ffected in a way which s ubs t an t i a l l y minimi ze s the dependenc e upon conshynector properti es In a recent e xp e r i men t fo r exampl e the ordin ary Type N connect or per formed as well as the GPC-7 an d sub stantially better than ce rtain Lmpro ve d Type N connectors

It must be a dmi t t e d however that the reali zation of this bene fit does call fo r s ome re-direction of existin g practice In parshyticular thi s ins ensitivity t o connector properti e s i s a ch ie ved on l y f or certain terminal i nva r i an t parameters o r meas ur an ds Thes e include f or e xample the e f fe ct i ve eff i c i en cy of a bol ometer mount but n ot the c a l i bra t i on f ac t or Apar t f rom the initi al chan ge ove r probl ems h owe ve r the us e of the terminal invariant parameters as the basis f or a cal i bra t i on service provide s certain advan t ages i n additi on t o e l i mi n a t ion of the precisi on connector requirement In particul ar a s ub s tan t i a l simpli fication in the proce dures for the evaluati on of mi smatch corrections i s re alized

By way o f comparis on it may be noted th at the e xi sting practice is heavily ori ented in the di recti on of telling the user how his de v i ce would behave in an ide al world (Name ly one where a ll other components are perfectl y matched or re flectionless and fitt ed with i deal connectors ) More ove r the standards lab orato r y usually e xp ends a substanti al eff or t to in sure th at its calibration systems c l ose ly appr oximate these criteria

Unfortunatel y the us er who wi shes t o make optimum use of s uch calibration r esults must f i r s t de t e r mi ne to what e x t en t his s ystem di ffers from thos e f oun d in the ideal world The answers t o thes e questions involve rtmismat ch co r re ct i on s Thes e in turn require compl e x impedance me asurements an d computations which are often be yond the field personnel

The implicit r eference to an i de a l worl d may b e avo i ded when terminal invari ant quantiti es are chos en as the b asis of th e calibration s ervice In particul ar the procedure is to cali shybr ate the di f f erent t ype s of components (eg b olometer mounts a t t enua t or s etc ) in t erms of cert ain fund amental properti es which are the same irre spective of the sys t em in which the component i s us ed and moreover which do not pre suppo se that the comp onent is f i t t ed with ide al wave guide l eads The

26

mismatch corrections now takes the form of evaluating cer t a i n Lnt e r ac t i on terms between the component and the system in which it is used Although this falls to the lot of the us r and does require some effort the requirement for complex impedance measurements has been eliminated When these proposed changes are adopted the role of the user who wishes to make the best use of the calibration results is thus simplified while the accuracy potential for the user who ignores these corrections is nominally the same

The theoretical background for these remarks will be found in the writers paper Powe r Equations A New Concept in the Descriptions and Evaluation of Microwave Systems (IEEE Trans on Instr and Meas Vol 1M-20 Feb 1971)

From wh a t has been said it will be recognized that the major thrust of this effort is to make better use of existing hardware rather than ti e improved accuracy to more stringent hardware specifications

Although the development and extension of these concepts is continuing at NBS the basic groundwork is well established and promises to play a major role in tomorrows I world It appears that the c a l i b r a t i on laboratories could provide a real service by introducing the user groups to these ideas

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

11

RIDIONAL MEEI I NG SUMMARY

The following meetings have been held bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

Date Host Region Place Attendance

12-16-70 RJBarra 5 Westinghouse - Baltimore Md 10

3-11-71 GWVincent 11 Electro Scientific Industries 11 Portland Oregon

3-16 JDMitche11 13 Autonetics - Anaheim Calif 34

3-17 ERogers 5 USArmy Harry Diamond Lab 8 Washington DC

4-19 DAntonucci 2 Grumman Aerospace Corp 12 Bethpage NY

5-5 WHMcPhee 1 MIT Draper Lab - Cambridge lass 10

5-7 WMcDill 67 Martin Marietta Company 14 Orlando Fla

5-13 DJGreb 12 Lockheed - Sunnyvale Calif 20

5-20 RY Bailey 8 USAF - Newark Ohio 12

6-16 ERJohnson 5 USNavy - Washington DC 11

7-29 J DNitche11 13 Lobster House Marina Del Ray 28 Los Angeles Calif

9-15 JLee 5 Honeywell Inc - McLean Virginia 10

and the following meetings are pLanned ltII bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull

Oct21 HSIngraham 3 RCA - Moorestown NJ Oct27 Novl

TdMcDill JAValentino

67 1

Martin Marietta Co - Orlando Fla l1rr Draper Labs Cambridge Mass

Nov4 DJGreb 12 IEM San Jose Calif Jan12 5 To be armounced

Refer to page 21 of March 71 NCSL Newsletter for map Attendance was not limited to just NCSL members Non-manbers were also

invited and encouraged to participate in the Cost Reduction Report program

To NCSL Me mbe ps

T py to attend y our next regionaZ meetin g

Conta ct yo u r c o opdi n a t or i f one isn t s e t y e t

12

Committee 1-C -- Finance Committee

Chairman D I Hervig of US Army Safeguard

The committee has prepared and submitted to the Board of Directors a proposed budget for calendar year 1972

Committee 1-D -- Nominations Committee

Chairman Mort Angelo of Lockheed--Ca1ifornia

Balloting for the 1971 election of officers was completed on September 10 1971 The committee is now conducting the balloting for Delegates

Commi ttee 1-E - - Honors and Awards Commi ttee

Chairman D J Greb of Lockheed

The committee will determine what awards should be presented at the Member Delegates assembly to be held in June 1972

Committee 1-F -- Audit Committee

Chairman James Dandeneau of Raytheon

An audit of financial records of the organization is being made prior to turning the books over to the newly elected Treas urer

13

PLANN ING CO MM I TTEE S -- Wm L Vandal

Committee 2 -A -- Lon g Range Planning

Chairman Wesley H McPhee of MIT Draper Laboratory

The Long Ran ge Planning Committe has received the compreshyhensive report compiled by last years committee John Van de Houten Chairman

The recommendations will be the main topic of discussion at the next meeting of the Board of Directors It is expected that priorities and goals will be established and a plan for implemenshytation will be decided upon

The new committeets task will be more clearly defined and it is hoped that the output of the committee will set an orderly pattern for continued growth during the coming five year period

Board memb ers are as ke d to prepare themselves for the meeting by a revi ew of the committee recommendations as received at the july meet ing New memb ers and those not present in July will receive copies prior to the scheduled meeting in October

Commi t t e e 2-B -- Na t i on a l Measurement Requirements Commi t t e e

Chairman Ray Bailey of AF Metrology Labs

The measurement requirements which generated from the questionnaire circulated in early 1970 were submitted to NBS on 5 May 1970 No resp onse was received from the NBS The listing of measurement requirements was resubmitted to the Office of Measurement Services on 25 June 1971 No other act ions have been taken by this committee

14

LABORATORY MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION CO~WITTEES -- R J Barra

Committee 3-A -- Measurement Comparison and Statistical Procedures

Committee

Chairman Herbert S Ingraham Jr of RCA

Scop~ To perform technical audits of the national measureshyment system through intercomparison programs and to report all data that result from these programs

The Ratio Comparison portion of the DC-Low Frequency group will be on the road by November 15 1971 The Resistance and Reactance group will also be on the road by November 15 1971

A new coordinator for the Microwave Components groups will be appointed by November 15 1971 also

President Hayes has asked that consideration be given to changing the objectives of this committee to come up with a plan that in lieu of administering the actual physical moveshyment of the comparison package and analyses of the data the committee act in a managerial capacity coming up with a Recomshymended Practice for participation and endorsement of measurement agreement programs and to work with NBS who could be adminisshytrator for the flow of the comparison packages

Committee 3-B -- Specifications Committee

Chairman Carl Boyer Jr of Honeywell Inc

The CALIBRATION SYSTEM SPECIFICATION has received final committee review and approval and is now in the hands of the NCSL Board of Directors for their approval prior to publication

Plans for future action include review and possible revision of the April 1969 Comp i Lat i ori of Government Specifications Affecting Calibration Laboratories and examination o~ the n~ed for and pos s ib le contento f a tl Glo s s ary of Terms Us ed In Spe CIshyfications Affecting Calibration Laboratories ll

15

national Conference 0 StanJarJltJ cfatoratoriej co NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS WASHINGTON D C 20234

PLEASE ADDRESS REPLY TO

Carl Boyer I Jr NCSL Specifications Committee

I Honeywell IncDATA NEEDE PO Box 391 Annapolis Maryland 21404

Committee 3B - Specifications I has been asked to generate a glossary of terms used in specifications controlling calibration activities

The intent of s uc h a document will be to

bull Compile a li st of terms having general application to calibration oriented specifications

bull Accumulate a vailable definitions

bull Establish recommended usage

To provide a u seful document I we need input representative of the total membership of NCSL If you have ever been confused by a spe c ific a t i on term (e g I calibration I accuracy I traceability) I you can help by sending your list to the committee

Se nd your list (de fi n itio n s a nd sources will al so be welcome) to the Spe c ifi shycations Co mmitte e at the Anna poli s address above

Your input will be a ppreciated

Si nc e r e ly

~ -a-7shyCa rl Boye r Jr Chairman Sp ecifi c a t io n s Commit t e e

C B skc

16

Committee 3-C -- Calibration Systems Management Committee

Chairman James A Valentino of Sanders Associates Inc

Scope To develop the management control techniques required for optimum performance of calibration systems to provide cost visibility to managers to provide means to achieve cost reducshytions without degradation of quality through improved methods and procedures

Many of the Cost Visibility Exchange Program reports are finalized and have been issued to participating member laboratories The reports are available to all NCSL member laboratories by request to the Chairman The remaining reports will be forthshycoming shortly

All member delegates are urged to study these reports for they contain informative data

As suggested in the June Newsletter there exists several areas where a particular manufacturers instrument represents a sizeable portion of the family type Table I on page 18 of this newsletter lists instruments of this type and any cost reduction techniques employed on these instruments would have tremendous impact when applied on a national basis

Several sub-committee chairmen are currently investigating procedures of laboratories displaying low calibrationmaintenance times on particular instruments Since calibrationmaintenance times are wide spread for various organizations a standard cali shybration procedure would have considerable cost saving potential

Call for CARR

Few Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports (CARR) were submitted during the past several months The problem was discussed at length at the July NCSL Board of Directors Meeting Discussion centered around the suggestion that one possible reason for a lack of participation by members was fear their management would force an operating reduction to match the doll ars saved I f this is the belief of some member delegates then I suggest these members review their worth to their organization We should all again read the Presidents commentary in the June NCSL Newsletter We must all make a more meaningful contribution to our respective organizations

The Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports have been somewhat simplified to save the originator time in calculating actual savings (See the new form on page 19 of this newsletter) The committee needs these reports if its goal is to be attained The regional coordinators have been the major contributors to date All members are urged to read the existing reports for utilization in their own organization

17

Take a few minutes and submit your idea to your regional coordinators -- NOW -- TODAY

Region I will conduct a Round Robin commencing October 4 1971 Seven (7) member laboratories will participate with Mr Joseph Cameron of NBS acting as monitor

J bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull a bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

MEASUREMENTS AGREEMENT ROUND ROBIN

One of the most significant outcomes of the First Region One NCSL Meeting was the planning and implementation of a Measurements Agreement Round Robin The Round Robin is scheduled to begin October 4th and be completed by November 22nd this year A second data taking run will begin December 6th and end January 31st Seven Major New England Firms have pledged their participation The overall objective is to determine how well each participating laboratory using its own methods and test instrumentation agree with each other All data is coded for obvious reasons The Youden Plot will be the mechanism used to obviate resultant data A meeting will be scheduled after the first data run to discuss any problem areas and to prepare for a second data run utilizing the same s t anda r ds package Participating members in the First Region One Measurements Agreement Round Robin are A Kalisky and H Tobe of AVCO -- Wilmington H Haymes and J Valentino of Sanders Assoc Inc R Fay and R Raposa of Raytheon Co Sub Sig Division R Kidd of Microwave Assoc J Dandeneau and C Morse of Raytheon Co Equipment Div Wes McPhee of MIT Draper Lab and Dr John Hirsch of General Radio Company

(See Calibration

INSTRUII~NT

Electronic Counter

Electronic Counter

Differential Voltmeter

Differential Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Generator

Generator

Generator

Oscillator

Oscillator

Oscilloscope

Osc i lloscope

Oscilloscope

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Pressure Gauge

Pressure Gauge

18

TABLE 1

Systems Management Committee

~IANUFACTunEH

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

John Fluke

John Fluke

Dana

Fairchild

Hewlett Packard

Non-Linear Systems

Hewlett Packard

IIewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Ilewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

nshcr-o r t

Kollsman

Report)

MODEL

524

5245L

80lB

803803B

5600

7050

34403440 series plug-in

481

205A

612A

620A

200CD

650A

175

535

545

CC A

D

lA Series

Various

Various

19 COST AVOIDANCEREDUCTION REPORT

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABOR ATORIES

REVA ORIGINA L SUBMITTAL

REFEREN CE NCSL REPORT NO

COMPA NY I DIVISI ON NCSL REPORT NO

TITLE DATE

OLD METHOD

NEW METHOD

ESTIMATED ACTUAL IF AVAILABLE

NUMBER OF UNITS INVOLVED

TIME SAVINGS PER UNIT mnhrs mnhrs

MAT ERIAL SAVINGS PER UNIT $ $

fiHER SAVINGS $ $

IMPLEMENT AT ION COST S $ $

CONT RIBUTOR IIMPLEMENTATION DAT E NCSL DELEG ATE SIGNATU RE

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Committee 3-D -- Education and Training Committee

Chairman M H Brenner of The Boeing Company

Scope To provide instructions and procedures for the effective training and education of personnel for metrology laboratories

The Committee has obtained two texts and are reviewing them Concurrently two items of test equipment have been donated by the Beckman Instrument Company and are being processed by the Committees coordinator Dr Morgan Annual objectives have been revised such that the analysis and comment of training texts will be processed and made available to NCSL members as they are completed rather than one annual issue at the conclusion of the year The committee is now targeted to release two such analyses by November 15 1971

The Committee is still seeking members training texts for reviews and any surplus test equipment Contributions of potential members names books or surplus test equipment can be made to any of the listed committee members

M H Brenner Dr Donald E Morgan Head The Boeing Company Dept of Industrial Engineering Metrology Se r vi ce Calif State Polytechnic College Or gn 24720 ]vj S 2P12 San Luis Obispo Calif 93401 Seattle Washington 98124

Robert Wille t Dr Peter Stein Collins Radio Company Arizona State University Cedar Rapids Iowa 53406 Tempe Arizona 85281

D J Franke Carroll G Hughes 902 Appling Avenue Westinghouse Electric Corp Placentia Calif 92670 Box 746 -- MS 550

Baltimore Maryland 21203 Joseph Davis Bendix Company PO Box 1159 Kans as Ci t y Mo

21

COMMUNICATI ON S ampMARKETING COMMITTEES - - W H McPh ee

Committee 4-A -- News le t t e r Committe e

Chairman Wilbur An son of Na t i on a l Bu r eau o f Standards

This issue of th e Newsletter r ep orts f or itself -- issue was del ayed not by th e editor but b y the n ece ssity of wa i t i ng f o r el e ction r eturns on our off conference year May we make this an appe a l for mor e inputs from our membe r laboratori es del egates

Committe e 4-B - - Directory Committe e

Ch airman Le wi s Wears of John Hopkins University

Lewis r eports th e n ew directory to be r e ady for distribution in the v ery near future after a revision of information and f ee d i ng th e comp uter -- an operation that wi l l make futur e directori es e asi er to e d i t

Committ e e 4 -C -- Information Committee

Chairman Robert Verity o f Le eds ampNo r t h r up Co

Bob is now back in circulation followin g an ex t e n de d period of NCS L inactivity c a us e d by l abor probl ems within his c omp a ny

Committe e 4- D -- Calibration Procedures Committ e e

Chairman Martin Vyenielo of Lawrence Radi ation Labo r a t o r y

Marty was r ecently appointed t o the GIDEP Industry advisory bo ard with speci al interest in c alibration procedures distribushytion GIDEP i s working tow ard a pro gram to improve the calibration p ro ce du r e s quality and content They a re presently involved i n a se r ie s o f indoctrinati on clinics NCSL is cooperating in this by p re s e n t i ng the calibration p ro ce d ure s asp e c t of their e f f o r t To date Ch airman Vyeni e10 and Vice President Wesl ey Mc Phee have participated on the East and West coast -- other a reas are s che d ule d GIDEP welcomes ideas for improvin g the c a l i b r a t ion procedures distribution -- submit comments and ideas through the Ch airman or through the ALERT s ystem s et up for r eporting prob l em areas

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Committ ee 4-E -- Recommended Practices Committe e

Chairman Elmo R Johnson of U S Navy

Al l r ecommended practices submitted have b een distributed for board members app r ov a l prior to gen e ral distribution for insertion in the information manu al in the near futur e El mo has ch anged h ats and is pres ently with the Navy Chief of Naval Material s 740 Crystal Plaza Jeffe r s on Davis Hi ghway Washington DC 20360

I~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbull middot~~~ bullbull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

CPEM 72

Conference on Pr ec i s i on Ele ctroma gnetic Measure ments wi l l b e held June 26 -29 197 2 at Boulder Colorado

A call for papers has been issued For information relatin g to the t echnical program write t o

Dr Harold S Boyne Radio Building Room 4075 Nat i on al Bureau of St anda r ds Boulder Colorado 80302

For gene r a l information on the Conference write to

Ge orge Goulette Director Bureau of Conferences and Institure s University of Colorado Boulder Col orado 8030 2

23

O I N T

MEASUREME T

ONFERENCE June 21-23 1972 at Boulder Colorado

STEERING COMMITTEE PLEASE REPLY TO

JOINT MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE A J Woodington Chaiman

rC~n poundr ~ 1 U tl3 f111 C5 ~Ofl a ~ Aogt n H p c e lt) ) PRESS RELEASE

Am~ -ic n Soc I e ty tor O II y (on p)1

A J oint Measurement Conference the first in a potential series will be held June 21-23 1972 at Boulder

Andrew F Dunn Colorado The keynote of the Conference - THE ROLE AND N H I 0 I ee s e a r c h Co nlt1 o f L ana d a

l n s t s t c t e fo r Ele trc 1 VALUE OF MEASUREMENT - is also the theme of the opening ~ tl ogttt ro n 1( l (l~l neer s

address to be presented by Lewis M Branscomb Director o f the National Bureau of Standards US Department of Conunerce

Ptr K Stein ( Afl lon a S t e t c Ul ~H ~ t ~)

IA~ t T urIle~ ~o C I j o le r lC The joint aspects of this Conference are indicated by the list of sponsors

Ameri can Society for Qua l i t y Control - Electronics W ilbur J Anson DivisionMetrology Technical Conunittee

( p I)n 1 ~u tJ u r ~ 1 ne l( j ~ rh t l o llal vc n t e r e nc e o j S l noj r d Le oo r Lor 11(1 Institute for Electrical and Electronics

Engineers-Group on Instrumentation and Measurement

A K Edgerton Instrument Society o f America-Metrology Division s e e c q ~ l o r e ll ~ n t 10 5 50gtlt I 1 10 11

National Bureau of Standards

National Conference of Standards Laboratories

Joseph M Cameron Precision Measurements Association gtjH Onl Bu-ta u o S la n(lardi

The purpose of the meeting is to promote the intershydisciplinary exchange of technical and managerial meas-

Helmut A Altschuler urement co n ce p t s The underlying theme i s that ideally l q ~~~ ~~~~f ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~ Technical personnel should utilize the Measurement

1l ~ ( V OrM 9 H ( H ~alulemeH ~ science concepts in all phases of product evolution shyresearch design devel opment manufacturing maintenance and quality control The techniques of a systems a p proach to accurate meaningful measurements will be emphasized as a powerful tool for both Management and Technical personnel The sessions will stress that many if not all measurement disciplines are required in the solution of softwarehardware oriented measurement problems

The Conference to be held at the NBS Boulder Laboratories is organized into 6 consecutive half-day sessions The general topic of the first day The Why of Measurement is explored in sessions on The Measurement Effort as a Resour ce for Management and as a Technical Res ource The How of Mea surement is covered in sessions on Physical Processes in Sensors Transducers Detectors and Intershydisciplinary Solutions to Problems and the Where of Measurement is discussed in sessions on Systems Metrology and Measurement-Oriented Engineers from our Campuses

Attendees of the Joint Measurement Con f e r e n c e have the opp o r t un i t y to take in a conference doubleheader as the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurement meets in Boulder June 26-29

24

STANDARDS LABORATORIES WITHER OR NOT

DO YOU HAVE A RE ACTION

President Hayes posed challenging questions in his editori al in the June NCSL News l e t t e r Essentially its a matter of standshyards labor atories demonstrating an impact upon their companys product For some st and ards laboratories it could be a matter of survival The crucial question is Can the qu ality and consistency of a companys product be maintained without the existence of a company standards laboratory

One type of r eaction containing a t echnical approach is contained in the letter Glenn Engen wr ote me How ab out it -shyDoes anyone else have a reaction to either the Hayes editorial my comments above or Glenn Engens l etter If so then write to me and maybe we can promote an interchange of viewpoints via the Newsletter

Wilbur Anson Edi tor

U OEPA TMENT OF COMMERCE Nationa l Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

To W J Anson Editor NCSL Newsletter

From G F En gen Electromagnetics Division NBS

Sub je c t Comment on Hayes Recent Edi t or i a l

President Hayes has pos ed a real chall en ge to those of us in st andards laboratories In a word the questi on is What c an we do to improve our relevance

The purp ose of this l etter is to call attention t o the r esults of s ome recent work at NBS which n ow makes pos s i b le a mor e meaningful interacti on between the calibration laborat ory an d the groups it serves

Historically a major obstacl e to this interaction has be en the connector problem Until r ecently p r e c i s Lon connect ors have been regarded as an e s s en t i al e le men t to accurat e measurements at UHF and microwave frequencies and their use has been adopted and promoted by standards laboratories

On the o t he r hand the field equipment is usually provided with a different c onn e ct or This confronts the us er with the probl em of e i t he r converting his e qu i pmen t to the pr e c i s i on connector or with an a dap t or e val uat ion prob Lem The f ormer s 01 ut ion II is

25

usually impossibl e for e con omi c or ot he r practical reasons while the probl ems asso c i a te d with adaptor evaluation tend t o negate the p otential con t r i bu t i on o f the calibrati on laborat ory As a cons equence there is a substanti al void between the world o f the standards laboratory and that of the fi eld us ers

As a r e sult of recent NBS e ff or t it is n ow possibl e for an important group o f measurement probl ems to provide the user with improved accuracy (o r accuracy potential) without imp osing th e condition that the conn e ctors on his equipment or gear be conshyverted to some p r e c i s i ori ( ) t yp e To be mor e sp eci fi c the measurement o f power and r elated p arameters can n ow be e ffected in a way which s ubs t an t i a l l y minimi ze s the dependenc e upon conshynector properti es In a recent e xp e r i men t fo r exampl e the ordin ary Type N connect or per formed as well as the GPC-7 an d sub stantially better than ce rtain Lmpro ve d Type N connectors

It must be a dmi t t e d however that the reali zation of this bene fit does call fo r s ome re-direction of existin g practice In parshyticular thi s ins ensitivity t o connector properti e s i s a ch ie ved on l y f or certain terminal i nva r i an t parameters o r meas ur an ds Thes e include f or e xample the e f fe ct i ve eff i c i en cy of a bol ometer mount but n ot the c a l i bra t i on f ac t or Apar t f rom the initi al chan ge ove r probl ems h owe ve r the us e of the terminal invariant parameters as the basis f or a cal i bra t i on service provide s certain advan t ages i n additi on t o e l i mi n a t ion of the precisi on connector requirement In particul ar a s ub s tan t i a l simpli fication in the proce dures for the evaluati on of mi smatch corrections i s re alized

By way o f comparis on it may be noted th at the e xi sting practice is heavily ori ented in the di recti on of telling the user how his de v i ce would behave in an ide al world (Name ly one where a ll other components are perfectl y matched or re flectionless and fitt ed with i deal connectors ) More ove r the standards lab orato r y usually e xp ends a substanti al eff or t to in sure th at its calibration systems c l ose ly appr oximate these criteria

Unfortunatel y the us er who wi shes t o make optimum use of s uch calibration r esults must f i r s t de t e r mi ne to what e x t en t his s ystem di ffers from thos e f oun d in the ideal world The answers t o thes e questions involve rtmismat ch co r re ct i on s Thes e in turn require compl e x impedance me asurements an d computations which are often be yond the field personnel

The implicit r eference to an i de a l worl d may b e avo i ded when terminal invari ant quantiti es are chos en as the b asis of th e calibration s ervice In particul ar the procedure is to cali shybr ate the di f f erent t ype s of components (eg b olometer mounts a t t enua t or s etc ) in t erms of cert ain fund amental properti es which are the same irre spective of the sys t em in which the component i s us ed and moreover which do not pre suppo se that the comp onent is f i t t ed with ide al wave guide l eads The

26

mismatch corrections now takes the form of evaluating cer t a i n Lnt e r ac t i on terms between the component and the system in which it is used Although this falls to the lot of the us r and does require some effort the requirement for complex impedance measurements has been eliminated When these proposed changes are adopted the role of the user who wishes to make the best use of the calibration results is thus simplified while the accuracy potential for the user who ignores these corrections is nominally the same

The theoretical background for these remarks will be found in the writers paper Powe r Equations A New Concept in the Descriptions and Evaluation of Microwave Systems (IEEE Trans on Instr and Meas Vol 1M-20 Feb 1971)

From wh a t has been said it will be recognized that the major thrust of this effort is to make better use of existing hardware rather than ti e improved accuracy to more stringent hardware specifications

Although the development and extension of these concepts is continuing at NBS the basic groundwork is well established and promises to play a major role in tomorrows I world It appears that the c a l i b r a t i on laboratories could provide a real service by introducing the user groups to these ideas

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

12

Committee 1-C -- Finance Committee

Chairman D I Hervig of US Army Safeguard

The committee has prepared and submitted to the Board of Directors a proposed budget for calendar year 1972

Committee 1-D -- Nominations Committee

Chairman Mort Angelo of Lockheed--Ca1ifornia

Balloting for the 1971 election of officers was completed on September 10 1971 The committee is now conducting the balloting for Delegates

Commi ttee 1-E - - Honors and Awards Commi ttee

Chairman D J Greb of Lockheed

The committee will determine what awards should be presented at the Member Delegates assembly to be held in June 1972

Committee 1-F -- Audit Committee

Chairman James Dandeneau of Raytheon

An audit of financial records of the organization is being made prior to turning the books over to the newly elected Treas urer

13

PLANN ING CO MM I TTEE S -- Wm L Vandal

Committee 2 -A -- Lon g Range Planning

Chairman Wesley H McPhee of MIT Draper Laboratory

The Long Ran ge Planning Committe has received the compreshyhensive report compiled by last years committee John Van de Houten Chairman

The recommendations will be the main topic of discussion at the next meeting of the Board of Directors It is expected that priorities and goals will be established and a plan for implemenshytation will be decided upon

The new committeets task will be more clearly defined and it is hoped that the output of the committee will set an orderly pattern for continued growth during the coming five year period

Board memb ers are as ke d to prepare themselves for the meeting by a revi ew of the committee recommendations as received at the july meet ing New memb ers and those not present in July will receive copies prior to the scheduled meeting in October

Commi t t e e 2-B -- Na t i on a l Measurement Requirements Commi t t e e

Chairman Ray Bailey of AF Metrology Labs

The measurement requirements which generated from the questionnaire circulated in early 1970 were submitted to NBS on 5 May 1970 No resp onse was received from the NBS The listing of measurement requirements was resubmitted to the Office of Measurement Services on 25 June 1971 No other act ions have been taken by this committee

14

LABORATORY MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION CO~WITTEES -- R J Barra

Committee 3-A -- Measurement Comparison and Statistical Procedures

Committee

Chairman Herbert S Ingraham Jr of RCA

Scop~ To perform technical audits of the national measureshyment system through intercomparison programs and to report all data that result from these programs

The Ratio Comparison portion of the DC-Low Frequency group will be on the road by November 15 1971 The Resistance and Reactance group will also be on the road by November 15 1971

A new coordinator for the Microwave Components groups will be appointed by November 15 1971 also

President Hayes has asked that consideration be given to changing the objectives of this committee to come up with a plan that in lieu of administering the actual physical moveshyment of the comparison package and analyses of the data the committee act in a managerial capacity coming up with a Recomshymended Practice for participation and endorsement of measurement agreement programs and to work with NBS who could be adminisshytrator for the flow of the comparison packages

Committee 3-B -- Specifications Committee

Chairman Carl Boyer Jr of Honeywell Inc

The CALIBRATION SYSTEM SPECIFICATION has received final committee review and approval and is now in the hands of the NCSL Board of Directors for their approval prior to publication

Plans for future action include review and possible revision of the April 1969 Comp i Lat i ori of Government Specifications Affecting Calibration Laboratories and examination o~ the n~ed for and pos s ib le contento f a tl Glo s s ary of Terms Us ed In Spe CIshyfications Affecting Calibration Laboratories ll

15

national Conference 0 StanJarJltJ cfatoratoriej co NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS WASHINGTON D C 20234

PLEASE ADDRESS REPLY TO

Carl Boyer I Jr NCSL Specifications Committee

I Honeywell IncDATA NEEDE PO Box 391 Annapolis Maryland 21404

Committee 3B - Specifications I has been asked to generate a glossary of terms used in specifications controlling calibration activities

The intent of s uc h a document will be to

bull Compile a li st of terms having general application to calibration oriented specifications

bull Accumulate a vailable definitions

bull Establish recommended usage

To provide a u seful document I we need input representative of the total membership of NCSL If you have ever been confused by a spe c ific a t i on term (e g I calibration I accuracy I traceability) I you can help by sending your list to the committee

Se nd your list (de fi n itio n s a nd sources will al so be welcome) to the Spe c ifi shycations Co mmitte e at the Anna poli s address above

Your input will be a ppreciated

Si nc e r e ly

~ -a-7shyCa rl Boye r Jr Chairman Sp ecifi c a t io n s Commit t e e

C B skc

16

Committee 3-C -- Calibration Systems Management Committee

Chairman James A Valentino of Sanders Associates Inc

Scope To develop the management control techniques required for optimum performance of calibration systems to provide cost visibility to managers to provide means to achieve cost reducshytions without degradation of quality through improved methods and procedures

Many of the Cost Visibility Exchange Program reports are finalized and have been issued to participating member laboratories The reports are available to all NCSL member laboratories by request to the Chairman The remaining reports will be forthshycoming shortly

All member delegates are urged to study these reports for they contain informative data

As suggested in the June Newsletter there exists several areas where a particular manufacturers instrument represents a sizeable portion of the family type Table I on page 18 of this newsletter lists instruments of this type and any cost reduction techniques employed on these instruments would have tremendous impact when applied on a national basis

Several sub-committee chairmen are currently investigating procedures of laboratories displaying low calibrationmaintenance times on particular instruments Since calibrationmaintenance times are wide spread for various organizations a standard cali shybration procedure would have considerable cost saving potential

Call for CARR

Few Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports (CARR) were submitted during the past several months The problem was discussed at length at the July NCSL Board of Directors Meeting Discussion centered around the suggestion that one possible reason for a lack of participation by members was fear their management would force an operating reduction to match the doll ars saved I f this is the belief of some member delegates then I suggest these members review their worth to their organization We should all again read the Presidents commentary in the June NCSL Newsletter We must all make a more meaningful contribution to our respective organizations

The Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports have been somewhat simplified to save the originator time in calculating actual savings (See the new form on page 19 of this newsletter) The committee needs these reports if its goal is to be attained The regional coordinators have been the major contributors to date All members are urged to read the existing reports for utilization in their own organization

17

Take a few minutes and submit your idea to your regional coordinators -- NOW -- TODAY

Region I will conduct a Round Robin commencing October 4 1971 Seven (7) member laboratories will participate with Mr Joseph Cameron of NBS acting as monitor

J bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull a bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

MEASUREMENTS AGREEMENT ROUND ROBIN

One of the most significant outcomes of the First Region One NCSL Meeting was the planning and implementation of a Measurements Agreement Round Robin The Round Robin is scheduled to begin October 4th and be completed by November 22nd this year A second data taking run will begin December 6th and end January 31st Seven Major New England Firms have pledged their participation The overall objective is to determine how well each participating laboratory using its own methods and test instrumentation agree with each other All data is coded for obvious reasons The Youden Plot will be the mechanism used to obviate resultant data A meeting will be scheduled after the first data run to discuss any problem areas and to prepare for a second data run utilizing the same s t anda r ds package Participating members in the First Region One Measurements Agreement Round Robin are A Kalisky and H Tobe of AVCO -- Wilmington H Haymes and J Valentino of Sanders Assoc Inc R Fay and R Raposa of Raytheon Co Sub Sig Division R Kidd of Microwave Assoc J Dandeneau and C Morse of Raytheon Co Equipment Div Wes McPhee of MIT Draper Lab and Dr John Hirsch of General Radio Company

(See Calibration

INSTRUII~NT

Electronic Counter

Electronic Counter

Differential Voltmeter

Differential Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Generator

Generator

Generator

Oscillator

Oscillator

Oscilloscope

Osc i lloscope

Oscilloscope

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Pressure Gauge

Pressure Gauge

18

TABLE 1

Systems Management Committee

~IANUFACTunEH

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

John Fluke

John Fluke

Dana

Fairchild

Hewlett Packard

Non-Linear Systems

Hewlett Packard

IIewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Ilewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

nshcr-o r t

Kollsman

Report)

MODEL

524

5245L

80lB

803803B

5600

7050

34403440 series plug-in

481

205A

612A

620A

200CD

650A

175

535

545

CC A

D

lA Series

Various

Various

19 COST AVOIDANCEREDUCTION REPORT

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABOR ATORIES

REVA ORIGINA L SUBMITTAL

REFEREN CE NCSL REPORT NO

COMPA NY I DIVISI ON NCSL REPORT NO

TITLE DATE

OLD METHOD

NEW METHOD

ESTIMATED ACTUAL IF AVAILABLE

NUMBER OF UNITS INVOLVED

TIME SAVINGS PER UNIT mnhrs mnhrs

MAT ERIAL SAVINGS PER UNIT $ $

fiHER SAVINGS $ $

IMPLEMENT AT ION COST S $ $

CONT RIBUTOR IIMPLEMENTATION DAT E NCSL DELEG ATE SIGNATU RE

20

Committee 3-D -- Education and Training Committee

Chairman M H Brenner of The Boeing Company

Scope To provide instructions and procedures for the effective training and education of personnel for metrology laboratories

The Committee has obtained two texts and are reviewing them Concurrently two items of test equipment have been donated by the Beckman Instrument Company and are being processed by the Committees coordinator Dr Morgan Annual objectives have been revised such that the analysis and comment of training texts will be processed and made available to NCSL members as they are completed rather than one annual issue at the conclusion of the year The committee is now targeted to release two such analyses by November 15 1971

The Committee is still seeking members training texts for reviews and any surplus test equipment Contributions of potential members names books or surplus test equipment can be made to any of the listed committee members

M H Brenner Dr Donald E Morgan Head The Boeing Company Dept of Industrial Engineering Metrology Se r vi ce Calif State Polytechnic College Or gn 24720 ]vj S 2P12 San Luis Obispo Calif 93401 Seattle Washington 98124

Robert Wille t Dr Peter Stein Collins Radio Company Arizona State University Cedar Rapids Iowa 53406 Tempe Arizona 85281

D J Franke Carroll G Hughes 902 Appling Avenue Westinghouse Electric Corp Placentia Calif 92670 Box 746 -- MS 550

Baltimore Maryland 21203 Joseph Davis Bendix Company PO Box 1159 Kans as Ci t y Mo

21

COMMUNICATI ON S ampMARKETING COMMITTEES - - W H McPh ee

Committee 4-A -- News le t t e r Committe e

Chairman Wilbur An son of Na t i on a l Bu r eau o f Standards

This issue of th e Newsletter r ep orts f or itself -- issue was del ayed not by th e editor but b y the n ece ssity of wa i t i ng f o r el e ction r eturns on our off conference year May we make this an appe a l for mor e inputs from our membe r laboratori es del egates

Committe e 4-B - - Directory Committe e

Ch airman Le wi s Wears of John Hopkins University

Lewis r eports th e n ew directory to be r e ady for distribution in the v ery near future after a revision of information and f ee d i ng th e comp uter -- an operation that wi l l make futur e directori es e asi er to e d i t

Committ e e 4 -C -- Information Committee

Chairman Robert Verity o f Le eds ampNo r t h r up Co

Bob is now back in circulation followin g an ex t e n de d period of NCS L inactivity c a us e d by l abor probl ems within his c omp a ny

Committe e 4- D -- Calibration Procedures Committ e e

Chairman Martin Vyenielo of Lawrence Radi ation Labo r a t o r y

Marty was r ecently appointed t o the GIDEP Industry advisory bo ard with speci al interest in c alibration procedures distribushytion GIDEP i s working tow ard a pro gram to improve the calibration p ro ce du r e s quality and content They a re presently involved i n a se r ie s o f indoctrinati on clinics NCSL is cooperating in this by p re s e n t i ng the calibration p ro ce d ure s asp e c t of their e f f o r t To date Ch airman Vyeni e10 and Vice President Wesl ey Mc Phee have participated on the East and West coast -- other a reas are s che d ule d GIDEP welcomes ideas for improvin g the c a l i b r a t ion procedures distribution -- submit comments and ideas through the Ch airman or through the ALERT s ystem s et up for r eporting prob l em areas

22

Committ ee 4-E -- Recommended Practices Committe e

Chairman Elmo R Johnson of U S Navy

Al l r ecommended practices submitted have b een distributed for board members app r ov a l prior to gen e ral distribution for insertion in the information manu al in the near futur e El mo has ch anged h ats and is pres ently with the Navy Chief of Naval Material s 740 Crystal Plaza Jeffe r s on Davis Hi ghway Washington DC 20360

I~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbull middot~~~ bullbull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

CPEM 72

Conference on Pr ec i s i on Ele ctroma gnetic Measure ments wi l l b e held June 26 -29 197 2 at Boulder Colorado

A call for papers has been issued For information relatin g to the t echnical program write t o

Dr Harold S Boyne Radio Building Room 4075 Nat i on al Bureau of St anda r ds Boulder Colorado 80302

For gene r a l information on the Conference write to

Ge orge Goulette Director Bureau of Conferences and Institure s University of Colorado Boulder Col orado 8030 2

23

O I N T

MEASUREME T

ONFERENCE June 21-23 1972 at Boulder Colorado

STEERING COMMITTEE PLEASE REPLY TO

JOINT MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE A J Woodington Chaiman

rC~n poundr ~ 1 U tl3 f111 C5 ~Ofl a ~ Aogt n H p c e lt) ) PRESS RELEASE

Am~ -ic n Soc I e ty tor O II y (on p)1

A J oint Measurement Conference the first in a potential series will be held June 21-23 1972 at Boulder

Andrew F Dunn Colorado The keynote of the Conference - THE ROLE AND N H I 0 I ee s e a r c h Co nlt1 o f L ana d a

l n s t s t c t e fo r Ele trc 1 VALUE OF MEASUREMENT - is also the theme of the opening ~ tl ogttt ro n 1( l (l~l neer s

address to be presented by Lewis M Branscomb Director o f the National Bureau of Standards US Department of Conunerce

Ptr K Stein ( Afl lon a S t e t c Ul ~H ~ t ~)

IA~ t T urIle~ ~o C I j o le r lC The joint aspects of this Conference are indicated by the list of sponsors

Ameri can Society for Qua l i t y Control - Electronics W ilbur J Anson DivisionMetrology Technical Conunittee

( p I)n 1 ~u tJ u r ~ 1 ne l( j ~ rh t l o llal vc n t e r e nc e o j S l noj r d Le oo r Lor 11(1 Institute for Electrical and Electronics

Engineers-Group on Instrumentation and Measurement

A K Edgerton Instrument Society o f America-Metrology Division s e e c q ~ l o r e ll ~ n t 10 5 50gtlt I 1 10 11

National Bureau of Standards

National Conference of Standards Laboratories

Joseph M Cameron Precision Measurements Association gtjH Onl Bu-ta u o S la n(lardi

The purpose of the meeting is to promote the intershydisciplinary exchange of technical and managerial meas-

Helmut A Altschuler urement co n ce p t s The underlying theme i s that ideally l q ~~~ ~~~~f ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~ Technical personnel should utilize the Measurement

1l ~ ( V OrM 9 H ( H ~alulemeH ~ science concepts in all phases of product evolution shyresearch design devel opment manufacturing maintenance and quality control The techniques of a systems a p proach to accurate meaningful measurements will be emphasized as a powerful tool for both Management and Technical personnel The sessions will stress that many if not all measurement disciplines are required in the solution of softwarehardware oriented measurement problems

The Conference to be held at the NBS Boulder Laboratories is organized into 6 consecutive half-day sessions The general topic of the first day The Why of Measurement is explored in sessions on The Measurement Effort as a Resour ce for Management and as a Technical Res ource The How of Mea surement is covered in sessions on Physical Processes in Sensors Transducers Detectors and Intershydisciplinary Solutions to Problems and the Where of Measurement is discussed in sessions on Systems Metrology and Measurement-Oriented Engineers from our Campuses

Attendees of the Joint Measurement Con f e r e n c e have the opp o r t un i t y to take in a conference doubleheader as the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurement meets in Boulder June 26-29

24

STANDARDS LABORATORIES WITHER OR NOT

DO YOU HAVE A RE ACTION

President Hayes posed challenging questions in his editori al in the June NCSL News l e t t e r Essentially its a matter of standshyards labor atories demonstrating an impact upon their companys product For some st and ards laboratories it could be a matter of survival The crucial question is Can the qu ality and consistency of a companys product be maintained without the existence of a company standards laboratory

One type of r eaction containing a t echnical approach is contained in the letter Glenn Engen wr ote me How ab out it -shyDoes anyone else have a reaction to either the Hayes editorial my comments above or Glenn Engens l etter If so then write to me and maybe we can promote an interchange of viewpoints via the Newsletter

Wilbur Anson Edi tor

U OEPA TMENT OF COMMERCE Nationa l Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

To W J Anson Editor NCSL Newsletter

From G F En gen Electromagnetics Division NBS

Sub je c t Comment on Hayes Recent Edi t or i a l

President Hayes has pos ed a real chall en ge to those of us in st andards laboratories In a word the questi on is What c an we do to improve our relevance

The purp ose of this l etter is to call attention t o the r esults of s ome recent work at NBS which n ow makes pos s i b le a mor e meaningful interacti on between the calibration laborat ory an d the groups it serves

Historically a major obstacl e to this interaction has be en the connector problem Until r ecently p r e c i s Lon connect ors have been regarded as an e s s en t i al e le men t to accurat e measurements at UHF and microwave frequencies and their use has been adopted and promoted by standards laboratories

On the o t he r hand the field equipment is usually provided with a different c onn e ct or This confronts the us er with the probl em of e i t he r converting his e qu i pmen t to the pr e c i s i on connector or with an a dap t or e val uat ion prob Lem The f ormer s 01 ut ion II is

25

usually impossibl e for e con omi c or ot he r practical reasons while the probl ems asso c i a te d with adaptor evaluation tend t o negate the p otential con t r i bu t i on o f the calibrati on laborat ory As a cons equence there is a substanti al void between the world o f the standards laboratory and that of the fi eld us ers

As a r e sult of recent NBS e ff or t it is n ow possibl e for an important group o f measurement probl ems to provide the user with improved accuracy (o r accuracy potential) without imp osing th e condition that the conn e ctors on his equipment or gear be conshyverted to some p r e c i s i ori ( ) t yp e To be mor e sp eci fi c the measurement o f power and r elated p arameters can n ow be e ffected in a way which s ubs t an t i a l l y minimi ze s the dependenc e upon conshynector properti es In a recent e xp e r i men t fo r exampl e the ordin ary Type N connect or per formed as well as the GPC-7 an d sub stantially better than ce rtain Lmpro ve d Type N connectors

It must be a dmi t t e d however that the reali zation of this bene fit does call fo r s ome re-direction of existin g practice In parshyticular thi s ins ensitivity t o connector properti e s i s a ch ie ved on l y f or certain terminal i nva r i an t parameters o r meas ur an ds Thes e include f or e xample the e f fe ct i ve eff i c i en cy of a bol ometer mount but n ot the c a l i bra t i on f ac t or Apar t f rom the initi al chan ge ove r probl ems h owe ve r the us e of the terminal invariant parameters as the basis f or a cal i bra t i on service provide s certain advan t ages i n additi on t o e l i mi n a t ion of the precisi on connector requirement In particul ar a s ub s tan t i a l simpli fication in the proce dures for the evaluati on of mi smatch corrections i s re alized

By way o f comparis on it may be noted th at the e xi sting practice is heavily ori ented in the di recti on of telling the user how his de v i ce would behave in an ide al world (Name ly one where a ll other components are perfectl y matched or re flectionless and fitt ed with i deal connectors ) More ove r the standards lab orato r y usually e xp ends a substanti al eff or t to in sure th at its calibration systems c l ose ly appr oximate these criteria

Unfortunatel y the us er who wi shes t o make optimum use of s uch calibration r esults must f i r s t de t e r mi ne to what e x t en t his s ystem di ffers from thos e f oun d in the ideal world The answers t o thes e questions involve rtmismat ch co r re ct i on s Thes e in turn require compl e x impedance me asurements an d computations which are often be yond the field personnel

The implicit r eference to an i de a l worl d may b e avo i ded when terminal invari ant quantiti es are chos en as the b asis of th e calibration s ervice In particul ar the procedure is to cali shybr ate the di f f erent t ype s of components (eg b olometer mounts a t t enua t or s etc ) in t erms of cert ain fund amental properti es which are the same irre spective of the sys t em in which the component i s us ed and moreover which do not pre suppo se that the comp onent is f i t t ed with ide al wave guide l eads The

26

mismatch corrections now takes the form of evaluating cer t a i n Lnt e r ac t i on terms between the component and the system in which it is used Although this falls to the lot of the us r and does require some effort the requirement for complex impedance measurements has been eliminated When these proposed changes are adopted the role of the user who wishes to make the best use of the calibration results is thus simplified while the accuracy potential for the user who ignores these corrections is nominally the same

The theoretical background for these remarks will be found in the writers paper Powe r Equations A New Concept in the Descriptions and Evaluation of Microwave Systems (IEEE Trans on Instr and Meas Vol 1M-20 Feb 1971)

From wh a t has been said it will be recognized that the major thrust of this effort is to make better use of existing hardware rather than ti e improved accuracy to more stringent hardware specifications

Although the development and extension of these concepts is continuing at NBS the basic groundwork is well established and promises to play a major role in tomorrows I world It appears that the c a l i b r a t i on laboratories could provide a real service by introducing the user groups to these ideas

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

13

PLANN ING CO MM I TTEE S -- Wm L Vandal

Committee 2 -A -- Lon g Range Planning

Chairman Wesley H McPhee of MIT Draper Laboratory

The Long Ran ge Planning Committe has received the compreshyhensive report compiled by last years committee John Van de Houten Chairman

The recommendations will be the main topic of discussion at the next meeting of the Board of Directors It is expected that priorities and goals will be established and a plan for implemenshytation will be decided upon

The new committeets task will be more clearly defined and it is hoped that the output of the committee will set an orderly pattern for continued growth during the coming five year period

Board memb ers are as ke d to prepare themselves for the meeting by a revi ew of the committee recommendations as received at the july meet ing New memb ers and those not present in July will receive copies prior to the scheduled meeting in October

Commi t t e e 2-B -- Na t i on a l Measurement Requirements Commi t t e e

Chairman Ray Bailey of AF Metrology Labs

The measurement requirements which generated from the questionnaire circulated in early 1970 were submitted to NBS on 5 May 1970 No resp onse was received from the NBS The listing of measurement requirements was resubmitted to the Office of Measurement Services on 25 June 1971 No other act ions have been taken by this committee

14

LABORATORY MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION CO~WITTEES -- R J Barra

Committee 3-A -- Measurement Comparison and Statistical Procedures

Committee

Chairman Herbert S Ingraham Jr of RCA

Scop~ To perform technical audits of the national measureshyment system through intercomparison programs and to report all data that result from these programs

The Ratio Comparison portion of the DC-Low Frequency group will be on the road by November 15 1971 The Resistance and Reactance group will also be on the road by November 15 1971

A new coordinator for the Microwave Components groups will be appointed by November 15 1971 also

President Hayes has asked that consideration be given to changing the objectives of this committee to come up with a plan that in lieu of administering the actual physical moveshyment of the comparison package and analyses of the data the committee act in a managerial capacity coming up with a Recomshymended Practice for participation and endorsement of measurement agreement programs and to work with NBS who could be adminisshytrator for the flow of the comparison packages

Committee 3-B -- Specifications Committee

Chairman Carl Boyer Jr of Honeywell Inc

The CALIBRATION SYSTEM SPECIFICATION has received final committee review and approval and is now in the hands of the NCSL Board of Directors for their approval prior to publication

Plans for future action include review and possible revision of the April 1969 Comp i Lat i ori of Government Specifications Affecting Calibration Laboratories and examination o~ the n~ed for and pos s ib le contento f a tl Glo s s ary of Terms Us ed In Spe CIshyfications Affecting Calibration Laboratories ll

15

national Conference 0 StanJarJltJ cfatoratoriej co NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS WASHINGTON D C 20234

PLEASE ADDRESS REPLY TO

Carl Boyer I Jr NCSL Specifications Committee

I Honeywell IncDATA NEEDE PO Box 391 Annapolis Maryland 21404

Committee 3B - Specifications I has been asked to generate a glossary of terms used in specifications controlling calibration activities

The intent of s uc h a document will be to

bull Compile a li st of terms having general application to calibration oriented specifications

bull Accumulate a vailable definitions

bull Establish recommended usage

To provide a u seful document I we need input representative of the total membership of NCSL If you have ever been confused by a spe c ific a t i on term (e g I calibration I accuracy I traceability) I you can help by sending your list to the committee

Se nd your list (de fi n itio n s a nd sources will al so be welcome) to the Spe c ifi shycations Co mmitte e at the Anna poli s address above

Your input will be a ppreciated

Si nc e r e ly

~ -a-7shyCa rl Boye r Jr Chairman Sp ecifi c a t io n s Commit t e e

C B skc

16

Committee 3-C -- Calibration Systems Management Committee

Chairman James A Valentino of Sanders Associates Inc

Scope To develop the management control techniques required for optimum performance of calibration systems to provide cost visibility to managers to provide means to achieve cost reducshytions without degradation of quality through improved methods and procedures

Many of the Cost Visibility Exchange Program reports are finalized and have been issued to participating member laboratories The reports are available to all NCSL member laboratories by request to the Chairman The remaining reports will be forthshycoming shortly

All member delegates are urged to study these reports for they contain informative data

As suggested in the June Newsletter there exists several areas where a particular manufacturers instrument represents a sizeable portion of the family type Table I on page 18 of this newsletter lists instruments of this type and any cost reduction techniques employed on these instruments would have tremendous impact when applied on a national basis

Several sub-committee chairmen are currently investigating procedures of laboratories displaying low calibrationmaintenance times on particular instruments Since calibrationmaintenance times are wide spread for various organizations a standard cali shybration procedure would have considerable cost saving potential

Call for CARR

Few Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports (CARR) were submitted during the past several months The problem was discussed at length at the July NCSL Board of Directors Meeting Discussion centered around the suggestion that one possible reason for a lack of participation by members was fear their management would force an operating reduction to match the doll ars saved I f this is the belief of some member delegates then I suggest these members review their worth to their organization We should all again read the Presidents commentary in the June NCSL Newsletter We must all make a more meaningful contribution to our respective organizations

The Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports have been somewhat simplified to save the originator time in calculating actual savings (See the new form on page 19 of this newsletter) The committee needs these reports if its goal is to be attained The regional coordinators have been the major contributors to date All members are urged to read the existing reports for utilization in their own organization

17

Take a few minutes and submit your idea to your regional coordinators -- NOW -- TODAY

Region I will conduct a Round Robin commencing October 4 1971 Seven (7) member laboratories will participate with Mr Joseph Cameron of NBS acting as monitor

J bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull a bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

MEASUREMENTS AGREEMENT ROUND ROBIN

One of the most significant outcomes of the First Region One NCSL Meeting was the planning and implementation of a Measurements Agreement Round Robin The Round Robin is scheduled to begin October 4th and be completed by November 22nd this year A second data taking run will begin December 6th and end January 31st Seven Major New England Firms have pledged their participation The overall objective is to determine how well each participating laboratory using its own methods and test instrumentation agree with each other All data is coded for obvious reasons The Youden Plot will be the mechanism used to obviate resultant data A meeting will be scheduled after the first data run to discuss any problem areas and to prepare for a second data run utilizing the same s t anda r ds package Participating members in the First Region One Measurements Agreement Round Robin are A Kalisky and H Tobe of AVCO -- Wilmington H Haymes and J Valentino of Sanders Assoc Inc R Fay and R Raposa of Raytheon Co Sub Sig Division R Kidd of Microwave Assoc J Dandeneau and C Morse of Raytheon Co Equipment Div Wes McPhee of MIT Draper Lab and Dr John Hirsch of General Radio Company

(See Calibration

INSTRUII~NT

Electronic Counter

Electronic Counter

Differential Voltmeter

Differential Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Generator

Generator

Generator

Oscillator

Oscillator

Oscilloscope

Osc i lloscope

Oscilloscope

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Pressure Gauge

Pressure Gauge

18

TABLE 1

Systems Management Committee

~IANUFACTunEH

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

John Fluke

John Fluke

Dana

Fairchild

Hewlett Packard

Non-Linear Systems

Hewlett Packard

IIewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Ilewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

nshcr-o r t

Kollsman

Report)

MODEL

524

5245L

80lB

803803B

5600

7050

34403440 series plug-in

481

205A

612A

620A

200CD

650A

175

535

545

CC A

D

lA Series

Various

Various

19 COST AVOIDANCEREDUCTION REPORT

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABOR ATORIES

REVA ORIGINA L SUBMITTAL

REFEREN CE NCSL REPORT NO

COMPA NY I DIVISI ON NCSL REPORT NO

TITLE DATE

OLD METHOD

NEW METHOD

ESTIMATED ACTUAL IF AVAILABLE

NUMBER OF UNITS INVOLVED

TIME SAVINGS PER UNIT mnhrs mnhrs

MAT ERIAL SAVINGS PER UNIT $ $

fiHER SAVINGS $ $

IMPLEMENT AT ION COST S $ $

CONT RIBUTOR IIMPLEMENTATION DAT E NCSL DELEG ATE SIGNATU RE

20

Committee 3-D -- Education and Training Committee

Chairman M H Brenner of The Boeing Company

Scope To provide instructions and procedures for the effective training and education of personnel for metrology laboratories

The Committee has obtained two texts and are reviewing them Concurrently two items of test equipment have been donated by the Beckman Instrument Company and are being processed by the Committees coordinator Dr Morgan Annual objectives have been revised such that the analysis and comment of training texts will be processed and made available to NCSL members as they are completed rather than one annual issue at the conclusion of the year The committee is now targeted to release two such analyses by November 15 1971

The Committee is still seeking members training texts for reviews and any surplus test equipment Contributions of potential members names books or surplus test equipment can be made to any of the listed committee members

M H Brenner Dr Donald E Morgan Head The Boeing Company Dept of Industrial Engineering Metrology Se r vi ce Calif State Polytechnic College Or gn 24720 ]vj S 2P12 San Luis Obispo Calif 93401 Seattle Washington 98124

Robert Wille t Dr Peter Stein Collins Radio Company Arizona State University Cedar Rapids Iowa 53406 Tempe Arizona 85281

D J Franke Carroll G Hughes 902 Appling Avenue Westinghouse Electric Corp Placentia Calif 92670 Box 746 -- MS 550

Baltimore Maryland 21203 Joseph Davis Bendix Company PO Box 1159 Kans as Ci t y Mo

21

COMMUNICATI ON S ampMARKETING COMMITTEES - - W H McPh ee

Committee 4-A -- News le t t e r Committe e

Chairman Wilbur An son of Na t i on a l Bu r eau o f Standards

This issue of th e Newsletter r ep orts f or itself -- issue was del ayed not by th e editor but b y the n ece ssity of wa i t i ng f o r el e ction r eturns on our off conference year May we make this an appe a l for mor e inputs from our membe r laboratori es del egates

Committe e 4-B - - Directory Committe e

Ch airman Le wi s Wears of John Hopkins University

Lewis r eports th e n ew directory to be r e ady for distribution in the v ery near future after a revision of information and f ee d i ng th e comp uter -- an operation that wi l l make futur e directori es e asi er to e d i t

Committ e e 4 -C -- Information Committee

Chairman Robert Verity o f Le eds ampNo r t h r up Co

Bob is now back in circulation followin g an ex t e n de d period of NCS L inactivity c a us e d by l abor probl ems within his c omp a ny

Committe e 4- D -- Calibration Procedures Committ e e

Chairman Martin Vyenielo of Lawrence Radi ation Labo r a t o r y

Marty was r ecently appointed t o the GIDEP Industry advisory bo ard with speci al interest in c alibration procedures distribushytion GIDEP i s working tow ard a pro gram to improve the calibration p ro ce du r e s quality and content They a re presently involved i n a se r ie s o f indoctrinati on clinics NCSL is cooperating in this by p re s e n t i ng the calibration p ro ce d ure s asp e c t of their e f f o r t To date Ch airman Vyeni e10 and Vice President Wesl ey Mc Phee have participated on the East and West coast -- other a reas are s che d ule d GIDEP welcomes ideas for improvin g the c a l i b r a t ion procedures distribution -- submit comments and ideas through the Ch airman or through the ALERT s ystem s et up for r eporting prob l em areas

22

Committ ee 4-E -- Recommended Practices Committe e

Chairman Elmo R Johnson of U S Navy

Al l r ecommended practices submitted have b een distributed for board members app r ov a l prior to gen e ral distribution for insertion in the information manu al in the near futur e El mo has ch anged h ats and is pres ently with the Navy Chief of Naval Material s 740 Crystal Plaza Jeffe r s on Davis Hi ghway Washington DC 20360

I~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbull middot~~~ bullbull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

CPEM 72

Conference on Pr ec i s i on Ele ctroma gnetic Measure ments wi l l b e held June 26 -29 197 2 at Boulder Colorado

A call for papers has been issued For information relatin g to the t echnical program write t o

Dr Harold S Boyne Radio Building Room 4075 Nat i on al Bureau of St anda r ds Boulder Colorado 80302

For gene r a l information on the Conference write to

Ge orge Goulette Director Bureau of Conferences and Institure s University of Colorado Boulder Col orado 8030 2

23

O I N T

MEASUREME T

ONFERENCE June 21-23 1972 at Boulder Colorado

STEERING COMMITTEE PLEASE REPLY TO

JOINT MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE A J Woodington Chaiman

rC~n poundr ~ 1 U tl3 f111 C5 ~Ofl a ~ Aogt n H p c e lt) ) PRESS RELEASE

Am~ -ic n Soc I e ty tor O II y (on p)1

A J oint Measurement Conference the first in a potential series will be held June 21-23 1972 at Boulder

Andrew F Dunn Colorado The keynote of the Conference - THE ROLE AND N H I 0 I ee s e a r c h Co nlt1 o f L ana d a

l n s t s t c t e fo r Ele trc 1 VALUE OF MEASUREMENT - is also the theme of the opening ~ tl ogttt ro n 1( l (l~l neer s

address to be presented by Lewis M Branscomb Director o f the National Bureau of Standards US Department of Conunerce

Ptr K Stein ( Afl lon a S t e t c Ul ~H ~ t ~)

IA~ t T urIle~ ~o C I j o le r lC The joint aspects of this Conference are indicated by the list of sponsors

Ameri can Society for Qua l i t y Control - Electronics W ilbur J Anson DivisionMetrology Technical Conunittee

( p I)n 1 ~u tJ u r ~ 1 ne l( j ~ rh t l o llal vc n t e r e nc e o j S l noj r d Le oo r Lor 11(1 Institute for Electrical and Electronics

Engineers-Group on Instrumentation and Measurement

A K Edgerton Instrument Society o f America-Metrology Division s e e c q ~ l o r e ll ~ n t 10 5 50gtlt I 1 10 11

National Bureau of Standards

National Conference of Standards Laboratories

Joseph M Cameron Precision Measurements Association gtjH Onl Bu-ta u o S la n(lardi

The purpose of the meeting is to promote the intershydisciplinary exchange of technical and managerial meas-

Helmut A Altschuler urement co n ce p t s The underlying theme i s that ideally l q ~~~ ~~~~f ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~ Technical personnel should utilize the Measurement

1l ~ ( V OrM 9 H ( H ~alulemeH ~ science concepts in all phases of product evolution shyresearch design devel opment manufacturing maintenance and quality control The techniques of a systems a p proach to accurate meaningful measurements will be emphasized as a powerful tool for both Management and Technical personnel The sessions will stress that many if not all measurement disciplines are required in the solution of softwarehardware oriented measurement problems

The Conference to be held at the NBS Boulder Laboratories is organized into 6 consecutive half-day sessions The general topic of the first day The Why of Measurement is explored in sessions on The Measurement Effort as a Resour ce for Management and as a Technical Res ource The How of Mea surement is covered in sessions on Physical Processes in Sensors Transducers Detectors and Intershydisciplinary Solutions to Problems and the Where of Measurement is discussed in sessions on Systems Metrology and Measurement-Oriented Engineers from our Campuses

Attendees of the Joint Measurement Con f e r e n c e have the opp o r t un i t y to take in a conference doubleheader as the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurement meets in Boulder June 26-29

24

STANDARDS LABORATORIES WITHER OR NOT

DO YOU HAVE A RE ACTION

President Hayes posed challenging questions in his editori al in the June NCSL News l e t t e r Essentially its a matter of standshyards labor atories demonstrating an impact upon their companys product For some st and ards laboratories it could be a matter of survival The crucial question is Can the qu ality and consistency of a companys product be maintained without the existence of a company standards laboratory

One type of r eaction containing a t echnical approach is contained in the letter Glenn Engen wr ote me How ab out it -shyDoes anyone else have a reaction to either the Hayes editorial my comments above or Glenn Engens l etter If so then write to me and maybe we can promote an interchange of viewpoints via the Newsletter

Wilbur Anson Edi tor

U OEPA TMENT OF COMMERCE Nationa l Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

To W J Anson Editor NCSL Newsletter

From G F En gen Electromagnetics Division NBS

Sub je c t Comment on Hayes Recent Edi t or i a l

President Hayes has pos ed a real chall en ge to those of us in st andards laboratories In a word the questi on is What c an we do to improve our relevance

The purp ose of this l etter is to call attention t o the r esults of s ome recent work at NBS which n ow makes pos s i b le a mor e meaningful interacti on between the calibration laborat ory an d the groups it serves

Historically a major obstacl e to this interaction has be en the connector problem Until r ecently p r e c i s Lon connect ors have been regarded as an e s s en t i al e le men t to accurat e measurements at UHF and microwave frequencies and their use has been adopted and promoted by standards laboratories

On the o t he r hand the field equipment is usually provided with a different c onn e ct or This confronts the us er with the probl em of e i t he r converting his e qu i pmen t to the pr e c i s i on connector or with an a dap t or e val uat ion prob Lem The f ormer s 01 ut ion II is

25

usually impossibl e for e con omi c or ot he r practical reasons while the probl ems asso c i a te d with adaptor evaluation tend t o negate the p otential con t r i bu t i on o f the calibrati on laborat ory As a cons equence there is a substanti al void between the world o f the standards laboratory and that of the fi eld us ers

As a r e sult of recent NBS e ff or t it is n ow possibl e for an important group o f measurement probl ems to provide the user with improved accuracy (o r accuracy potential) without imp osing th e condition that the conn e ctors on his equipment or gear be conshyverted to some p r e c i s i ori ( ) t yp e To be mor e sp eci fi c the measurement o f power and r elated p arameters can n ow be e ffected in a way which s ubs t an t i a l l y minimi ze s the dependenc e upon conshynector properti es In a recent e xp e r i men t fo r exampl e the ordin ary Type N connect or per formed as well as the GPC-7 an d sub stantially better than ce rtain Lmpro ve d Type N connectors

It must be a dmi t t e d however that the reali zation of this bene fit does call fo r s ome re-direction of existin g practice In parshyticular thi s ins ensitivity t o connector properti e s i s a ch ie ved on l y f or certain terminal i nva r i an t parameters o r meas ur an ds Thes e include f or e xample the e f fe ct i ve eff i c i en cy of a bol ometer mount but n ot the c a l i bra t i on f ac t or Apar t f rom the initi al chan ge ove r probl ems h owe ve r the us e of the terminal invariant parameters as the basis f or a cal i bra t i on service provide s certain advan t ages i n additi on t o e l i mi n a t ion of the precisi on connector requirement In particul ar a s ub s tan t i a l simpli fication in the proce dures for the evaluati on of mi smatch corrections i s re alized

By way o f comparis on it may be noted th at the e xi sting practice is heavily ori ented in the di recti on of telling the user how his de v i ce would behave in an ide al world (Name ly one where a ll other components are perfectl y matched or re flectionless and fitt ed with i deal connectors ) More ove r the standards lab orato r y usually e xp ends a substanti al eff or t to in sure th at its calibration systems c l ose ly appr oximate these criteria

Unfortunatel y the us er who wi shes t o make optimum use of s uch calibration r esults must f i r s t de t e r mi ne to what e x t en t his s ystem di ffers from thos e f oun d in the ideal world The answers t o thes e questions involve rtmismat ch co r re ct i on s Thes e in turn require compl e x impedance me asurements an d computations which are often be yond the field personnel

The implicit r eference to an i de a l worl d may b e avo i ded when terminal invari ant quantiti es are chos en as the b asis of th e calibration s ervice In particul ar the procedure is to cali shybr ate the di f f erent t ype s of components (eg b olometer mounts a t t enua t or s etc ) in t erms of cert ain fund amental properti es which are the same irre spective of the sys t em in which the component i s us ed and moreover which do not pre suppo se that the comp onent is f i t t ed with ide al wave guide l eads The

26

mismatch corrections now takes the form of evaluating cer t a i n Lnt e r ac t i on terms between the component and the system in which it is used Although this falls to the lot of the us r and does require some effort the requirement for complex impedance measurements has been eliminated When these proposed changes are adopted the role of the user who wishes to make the best use of the calibration results is thus simplified while the accuracy potential for the user who ignores these corrections is nominally the same

The theoretical background for these remarks will be found in the writers paper Powe r Equations A New Concept in the Descriptions and Evaluation of Microwave Systems (IEEE Trans on Instr and Meas Vol 1M-20 Feb 1971)

From wh a t has been said it will be recognized that the major thrust of this effort is to make better use of existing hardware rather than ti e improved accuracy to more stringent hardware specifications

Although the development and extension of these concepts is continuing at NBS the basic groundwork is well established and promises to play a major role in tomorrows I world It appears that the c a l i b r a t i on laboratories could provide a real service by introducing the user groups to these ideas

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

14

LABORATORY MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION CO~WITTEES -- R J Barra

Committee 3-A -- Measurement Comparison and Statistical Procedures

Committee

Chairman Herbert S Ingraham Jr of RCA

Scop~ To perform technical audits of the national measureshyment system through intercomparison programs and to report all data that result from these programs

The Ratio Comparison portion of the DC-Low Frequency group will be on the road by November 15 1971 The Resistance and Reactance group will also be on the road by November 15 1971

A new coordinator for the Microwave Components groups will be appointed by November 15 1971 also

President Hayes has asked that consideration be given to changing the objectives of this committee to come up with a plan that in lieu of administering the actual physical moveshyment of the comparison package and analyses of the data the committee act in a managerial capacity coming up with a Recomshymended Practice for participation and endorsement of measurement agreement programs and to work with NBS who could be adminisshytrator for the flow of the comparison packages

Committee 3-B -- Specifications Committee

Chairman Carl Boyer Jr of Honeywell Inc

The CALIBRATION SYSTEM SPECIFICATION has received final committee review and approval and is now in the hands of the NCSL Board of Directors for their approval prior to publication

Plans for future action include review and possible revision of the April 1969 Comp i Lat i ori of Government Specifications Affecting Calibration Laboratories and examination o~ the n~ed for and pos s ib le contento f a tl Glo s s ary of Terms Us ed In Spe CIshyfications Affecting Calibration Laboratories ll

15

national Conference 0 StanJarJltJ cfatoratoriej co NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS WASHINGTON D C 20234

PLEASE ADDRESS REPLY TO

Carl Boyer I Jr NCSL Specifications Committee

I Honeywell IncDATA NEEDE PO Box 391 Annapolis Maryland 21404

Committee 3B - Specifications I has been asked to generate a glossary of terms used in specifications controlling calibration activities

The intent of s uc h a document will be to

bull Compile a li st of terms having general application to calibration oriented specifications

bull Accumulate a vailable definitions

bull Establish recommended usage

To provide a u seful document I we need input representative of the total membership of NCSL If you have ever been confused by a spe c ific a t i on term (e g I calibration I accuracy I traceability) I you can help by sending your list to the committee

Se nd your list (de fi n itio n s a nd sources will al so be welcome) to the Spe c ifi shycations Co mmitte e at the Anna poli s address above

Your input will be a ppreciated

Si nc e r e ly

~ -a-7shyCa rl Boye r Jr Chairman Sp ecifi c a t io n s Commit t e e

C B skc

16

Committee 3-C -- Calibration Systems Management Committee

Chairman James A Valentino of Sanders Associates Inc

Scope To develop the management control techniques required for optimum performance of calibration systems to provide cost visibility to managers to provide means to achieve cost reducshytions without degradation of quality through improved methods and procedures

Many of the Cost Visibility Exchange Program reports are finalized and have been issued to participating member laboratories The reports are available to all NCSL member laboratories by request to the Chairman The remaining reports will be forthshycoming shortly

All member delegates are urged to study these reports for they contain informative data

As suggested in the June Newsletter there exists several areas where a particular manufacturers instrument represents a sizeable portion of the family type Table I on page 18 of this newsletter lists instruments of this type and any cost reduction techniques employed on these instruments would have tremendous impact when applied on a national basis

Several sub-committee chairmen are currently investigating procedures of laboratories displaying low calibrationmaintenance times on particular instruments Since calibrationmaintenance times are wide spread for various organizations a standard cali shybration procedure would have considerable cost saving potential

Call for CARR

Few Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports (CARR) were submitted during the past several months The problem was discussed at length at the July NCSL Board of Directors Meeting Discussion centered around the suggestion that one possible reason for a lack of participation by members was fear their management would force an operating reduction to match the doll ars saved I f this is the belief of some member delegates then I suggest these members review their worth to their organization We should all again read the Presidents commentary in the June NCSL Newsletter We must all make a more meaningful contribution to our respective organizations

The Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports have been somewhat simplified to save the originator time in calculating actual savings (See the new form on page 19 of this newsletter) The committee needs these reports if its goal is to be attained The regional coordinators have been the major contributors to date All members are urged to read the existing reports for utilization in their own organization

17

Take a few minutes and submit your idea to your regional coordinators -- NOW -- TODAY

Region I will conduct a Round Robin commencing October 4 1971 Seven (7) member laboratories will participate with Mr Joseph Cameron of NBS acting as monitor

J bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull a bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

MEASUREMENTS AGREEMENT ROUND ROBIN

One of the most significant outcomes of the First Region One NCSL Meeting was the planning and implementation of a Measurements Agreement Round Robin The Round Robin is scheduled to begin October 4th and be completed by November 22nd this year A second data taking run will begin December 6th and end January 31st Seven Major New England Firms have pledged their participation The overall objective is to determine how well each participating laboratory using its own methods and test instrumentation agree with each other All data is coded for obvious reasons The Youden Plot will be the mechanism used to obviate resultant data A meeting will be scheduled after the first data run to discuss any problem areas and to prepare for a second data run utilizing the same s t anda r ds package Participating members in the First Region One Measurements Agreement Round Robin are A Kalisky and H Tobe of AVCO -- Wilmington H Haymes and J Valentino of Sanders Assoc Inc R Fay and R Raposa of Raytheon Co Sub Sig Division R Kidd of Microwave Assoc J Dandeneau and C Morse of Raytheon Co Equipment Div Wes McPhee of MIT Draper Lab and Dr John Hirsch of General Radio Company

(See Calibration

INSTRUII~NT

Electronic Counter

Electronic Counter

Differential Voltmeter

Differential Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Generator

Generator

Generator

Oscillator

Oscillator

Oscilloscope

Osc i lloscope

Oscilloscope

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Pressure Gauge

Pressure Gauge

18

TABLE 1

Systems Management Committee

~IANUFACTunEH

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

John Fluke

John Fluke

Dana

Fairchild

Hewlett Packard

Non-Linear Systems

Hewlett Packard

IIewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Ilewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

nshcr-o r t

Kollsman

Report)

MODEL

524

5245L

80lB

803803B

5600

7050

34403440 series plug-in

481

205A

612A

620A

200CD

650A

175

535

545

CC A

D

lA Series

Various

Various

19 COST AVOIDANCEREDUCTION REPORT

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABOR ATORIES

REVA ORIGINA L SUBMITTAL

REFEREN CE NCSL REPORT NO

COMPA NY I DIVISI ON NCSL REPORT NO

TITLE DATE

OLD METHOD

NEW METHOD

ESTIMATED ACTUAL IF AVAILABLE

NUMBER OF UNITS INVOLVED

TIME SAVINGS PER UNIT mnhrs mnhrs

MAT ERIAL SAVINGS PER UNIT $ $

fiHER SAVINGS $ $

IMPLEMENT AT ION COST S $ $

CONT RIBUTOR IIMPLEMENTATION DAT E NCSL DELEG ATE SIGNATU RE

20

Committee 3-D -- Education and Training Committee

Chairman M H Brenner of The Boeing Company

Scope To provide instructions and procedures for the effective training and education of personnel for metrology laboratories

The Committee has obtained two texts and are reviewing them Concurrently two items of test equipment have been donated by the Beckman Instrument Company and are being processed by the Committees coordinator Dr Morgan Annual objectives have been revised such that the analysis and comment of training texts will be processed and made available to NCSL members as they are completed rather than one annual issue at the conclusion of the year The committee is now targeted to release two such analyses by November 15 1971

The Committee is still seeking members training texts for reviews and any surplus test equipment Contributions of potential members names books or surplus test equipment can be made to any of the listed committee members

M H Brenner Dr Donald E Morgan Head The Boeing Company Dept of Industrial Engineering Metrology Se r vi ce Calif State Polytechnic College Or gn 24720 ]vj S 2P12 San Luis Obispo Calif 93401 Seattle Washington 98124

Robert Wille t Dr Peter Stein Collins Radio Company Arizona State University Cedar Rapids Iowa 53406 Tempe Arizona 85281

D J Franke Carroll G Hughes 902 Appling Avenue Westinghouse Electric Corp Placentia Calif 92670 Box 746 -- MS 550

Baltimore Maryland 21203 Joseph Davis Bendix Company PO Box 1159 Kans as Ci t y Mo

21

COMMUNICATI ON S ampMARKETING COMMITTEES - - W H McPh ee

Committee 4-A -- News le t t e r Committe e

Chairman Wilbur An son of Na t i on a l Bu r eau o f Standards

This issue of th e Newsletter r ep orts f or itself -- issue was del ayed not by th e editor but b y the n ece ssity of wa i t i ng f o r el e ction r eturns on our off conference year May we make this an appe a l for mor e inputs from our membe r laboratori es del egates

Committe e 4-B - - Directory Committe e

Ch airman Le wi s Wears of John Hopkins University

Lewis r eports th e n ew directory to be r e ady for distribution in the v ery near future after a revision of information and f ee d i ng th e comp uter -- an operation that wi l l make futur e directori es e asi er to e d i t

Committ e e 4 -C -- Information Committee

Chairman Robert Verity o f Le eds ampNo r t h r up Co

Bob is now back in circulation followin g an ex t e n de d period of NCS L inactivity c a us e d by l abor probl ems within his c omp a ny

Committe e 4- D -- Calibration Procedures Committ e e

Chairman Martin Vyenielo of Lawrence Radi ation Labo r a t o r y

Marty was r ecently appointed t o the GIDEP Industry advisory bo ard with speci al interest in c alibration procedures distribushytion GIDEP i s working tow ard a pro gram to improve the calibration p ro ce du r e s quality and content They a re presently involved i n a se r ie s o f indoctrinati on clinics NCSL is cooperating in this by p re s e n t i ng the calibration p ro ce d ure s asp e c t of their e f f o r t To date Ch airman Vyeni e10 and Vice President Wesl ey Mc Phee have participated on the East and West coast -- other a reas are s che d ule d GIDEP welcomes ideas for improvin g the c a l i b r a t ion procedures distribution -- submit comments and ideas through the Ch airman or through the ALERT s ystem s et up for r eporting prob l em areas

22

Committ ee 4-E -- Recommended Practices Committe e

Chairman Elmo R Johnson of U S Navy

Al l r ecommended practices submitted have b een distributed for board members app r ov a l prior to gen e ral distribution for insertion in the information manu al in the near futur e El mo has ch anged h ats and is pres ently with the Navy Chief of Naval Material s 740 Crystal Plaza Jeffe r s on Davis Hi ghway Washington DC 20360

I~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbull middot~~~ bullbull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

CPEM 72

Conference on Pr ec i s i on Ele ctroma gnetic Measure ments wi l l b e held June 26 -29 197 2 at Boulder Colorado

A call for papers has been issued For information relatin g to the t echnical program write t o

Dr Harold S Boyne Radio Building Room 4075 Nat i on al Bureau of St anda r ds Boulder Colorado 80302

For gene r a l information on the Conference write to

Ge orge Goulette Director Bureau of Conferences and Institure s University of Colorado Boulder Col orado 8030 2

23

O I N T

MEASUREME T

ONFERENCE June 21-23 1972 at Boulder Colorado

STEERING COMMITTEE PLEASE REPLY TO

JOINT MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE A J Woodington Chaiman

rC~n poundr ~ 1 U tl3 f111 C5 ~Ofl a ~ Aogt n H p c e lt) ) PRESS RELEASE

Am~ -ic n Soc I e ty tor O II y (on p)1

A J oint Measurement Conference the first in a potential series will be held June 21-23 1972 at Boulder

Andrew F Dunn Colorado The keynote of the Conference - THE ROLE AND N H I 0 I ee s e a r c h Co nlt1 o f L ana d a

l n s t s t c t e fo r Ele trc 1 VALUE OF MEASUREMENT - is also the theme of the opening ~ tl ogttt ro n 1( l (l~l neer s

address to be presented by Lewis M Branscomb Director o f the National Bureau of Standards US Department of Conunerce

Ptr K Stein ( Afl lon a S t e t c Ul ~H ~ t ~)

IA~ t T urIle~ ~o C I j o le r lC The joint aspects of this Conference are indicated by the list of sponsors

Ameri can Society for Qua l i t y Control - Electronics W ilbur J Anson DivisionMetrology Technical Conunittee

( p I)n 1 ~u tJ u r ~ 1 ne l( j ~ rh t l o llal vc n t e r e nc e o j S l noj r d Le oo r Lor 11(1 Institute for Electrical and Electronics

Engineers-Group on Instrumentation and Measurement

A K Edgerton Instrument Society o f America-Metrology Division s e e c q ~ l o r e ll ~ n t 10 5 50gtlt I 1 10 11

National Bureau of Standards

National Conference of Standards Laboratories

Joseph M Cameron Precision Measurements Association gtjH Onl Bu-ta u o S la n(lardi

The purpose of the meeting is to promote the intershydisciplinary exchange of technical and managerial meas-

Helmut A Altschuler urement co n ce p t s The underlying theme i s that ideally l q ~~~ ~~~~f ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~ Technical personnel should utilize the Measurement

1l ~ ( V OrM 9 H ( H ~alulemeH ~ science concepts in all phases of product evolution shyresearch design devel opment manufacturing maintenance and quality control The techniques of a systems a p proach to accurate meaningful measurements will be emphasized as a powerful tool for both Management and Technical personnel The sessions will stress that many if not all measurement disciplines are required in the solution of softwarehardware oriented measurement problems

The Conference to be held at the NBS Boulder Laboratories is organized into 6 consecutive half-day sessions The general topic of the first day The Why of Measurement is explored in sessions on The Measurement Effort as a Resour ce for Management and as a Technical Res ource The How of Mea surement is covered in sessions on Physical Processes in Sensors Transducers Detectors and Intershydisciplinary Solutions to Problems and the Where of Measurement is discussed in sessions on Systems Metrology and Measurement-Oriented Engineers from our Campuses

Attendees of the Joint Measurement Con f e r e n c e have the opp o r t un i t y to take in a conference doubleheader as the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurement meets in Boulder June 26-29

24

STANDARDS LABORATORIES WITHER OR NOT

DO YOU HAVE A RE ACTION

President Hayes posed challenging questions in his editori al in the June NCSL News l e t t e r Essentially its a matter of standshyards labor atories demonstrating an impact upon their companys product For some st and ards laboratories it could be a matter of survival The crucial question is Can the qu ality and consistency of a companys product be maintained without the existence of a company standards laboratory

One type of r eaction containing a t echnical approach is contained in the letter Glenn Engen wr ote me How ab out it -shyDoes anyone else have a reaction to either the Hayes editorial my comments above or Glenn Engens l etter If so then write to me and maybe we can promote an interchange of viewpoints via the Newsletter

Wilbur Anson Edi tor

U OEPA TMENT OF COMMERCE Nationa l Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

To W J Anson Editor NCSL Newsletter

From G F En gen Electromagnetics Division NBS

Sub je c t Comment on Hayes Recent Edi t or i a l

President Hayes has pos ed a real chall en ge to those of us in st andards laboratories In a word the questi on is What c an we do to improve our relevance

The purp ose of this l etter is to call attention t o the r esults of s ome recent work at NBS which n ow makes pos s i b le a mor e meaningful interacti on between the calibration laborat ory an d the groups it serves

Historically a major obstacl e to this interaction has be en the connector problem Until r ecently p r e c i s Lon connect ors have been regarded as an e s s en t i al e le men t to accurat e measurements at UHF and microwave frequencies and their use has been adopted and promoted by standards laboratories

On the o t he r hand the field equipment is usually provided with a different c onn e ct or This confronts the us er with the probl em of e i t he r converting his e qu i pmen t to the pr e c i s i on connector or with an a dap t or e val uat ion prob Lem The f ormer s 01 ut ion II is

25

usually impossibl e for e con omi c or ot he r practical reasons while the probl ems asso c i a te d with adaptor evaluation tend t o negate the p otential con t r i bu t i on o f the calibrati on laborat ory As a cons equence there is a substanti al void between the world o f the standards laboratory and that of the fi eld us ers

As a r e sult of recent NBS e ff or t it is n ow possibl e for an important group o f measurement probl ems to provide the user with improved accuracy (o r accuracy potential) without imp osing th e condition that the conn e ctors on his equipment or gear be conshyverted to some p r e c i s i ori ( ) t yp e To be mor e sp eci fi c the measurement o f power and r elated p arameters can n ow be e ffected in a way which s ubs t an t i a l l y minimi ze s the dependenc e upon conshynector properti es In a recent e xp e r i men t fo r exampl e the ordin ary Type N connect or per formed as well as the GPC-7 an d sub stantially better than ce rtain Lmpro ve d Type N connectors

It must be a dmi t t e d however that the reali zation of this bene fit does call fo r s ome re-direction of existin g practice In parshyticular thi s ins ensitivity t o connector properti e s i s a ch ie ved on l y f or certain terminal i nva r i an t parameters o r meas ur an ds Thes e include f or e xample the e f fe ct i ve eff i c i en cy of a bol ometer mount but n ot the c a l i bra t i on f ac t or Apar t f rom the initi al chan ge ove r probl ems h owe ve r the us e of the terminal invariant parameters as the basis f or a cal i bra t i on service provide s certain advan t ages i n additi on t o e l i mi n a t ion of the precisi on connector requirement In particul ar a s ub s tan t i a l simpli fication in the proce dures for the evaluati on of mi smatch corrections i s re alized

By way o f comparis on it may be noted th at the e xi sting practice is heavily ori ented in the di recti on of telling the user how his de v i ce would behave in an ide al world (Name ly one where a ll other components are perfectl y matched or re flectionless and fitt ed with i deal connectors ) More ove r the standards lab orato r y usually e xp ends a substanti al eff or t to in sure th at its calibration systems c l ose ly appr oximate these criteria

Unfortunatel y the us er who wi shes t o make optimum use of s uch calibration r esults must f i r s t de t e r mi ne to what e x t en t his s ystem di ffers from thos e f oun d in the ideal world The answers t o thes e questions involve rtmismat ch co r re ct i on s Thes e in turn require compl e x impedance me asurements an d computations which are often be yond the field personnel

The implicit r eference to an i de a l worl d may b e avo i ded when terminal invari ant quantiti es are chos en as the b asis of th e calibration s ervice In particul ar the procedure is to cali shybr ate the di f f erent t ype s of components (eg b olometer mounts a t t enua t or s etc ) in t erms of cert ain fund amental properti es which are the same irre spective of the sys t em in which the component i s us ed and moreover which do not pre suppo se that the comp onent is f i t t ed with ide al wave guide l eads The

26

mismatch corrections now takes the form of evaluating cer t a i n Lnt e r ac t i on terms between the component and the system in which it is used Although this falls to the lot of the us r and does require some effort the requirement for complex impedance measurements has been eliminated When these proposed changes are adopted the role of the user who wishes to make the best use of the calibration results is thus simplified while the accuracy potential for the user who ignores these corrections is nominally the same

The theoretical background for these remarks will be found in the writers paper Powe r Equations A New Concept in the Descriptions and Evaluation of Microwave Systems (IEEE Trans on Instr and Meas Vol 1M-20 Feb 1971)

From wh a t has been said it will be recognized that the major thrust of this effort is to make better use of existing hardware rather than ti e improved accuracy to more stringent hardware specifications

Although the development and extension of these concepts is continuing at NBS the basic groundwork is well established and promises to play a major role in tomorrows I world It appears that the c a l i b r a t i on laboratories could provide a real service by introducing the user groups to these ideas

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

15

national Conference 0 StanJarJltJ cfatoratoriej co NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS WASHINGTON D C 20234

PLEASE ADDRESS REPLY TO

Carl Boyer I Jr NCSL Specifications Committee

I Honeywell IncDATA NEEDE PO Box 391 Annapolis Maryland 21404

Committee 3B - Specifications I has been asked to generate a glossary of terms used in specifications controlling calibration activities

The intent of s uc h a document will be to

bull Compile a li st of terms having general application to calibration oriented specifications

bull Accumulate a vailable definitions

bull Establish recommended usage

To provide a u seful document I we need input representative of the total membership of NCSL If you have ever been confused by a spe c ific a t i on term (e g I calibration I accuracy I traceability) I you can help by sending your list to the committee

Se nd your list (de fi n itio n s a nd sources will al so be welcome) to the Spe c ifi shycations Co mmitte e at the Anna poli s address above

Your input will be a ppreciated

Si nc e r e ly

~ -a-7shyCa rl Boye r Jr Chairman Sp ecifi c a t io n s Commit t e e

C B skc

16

Committee 3-C -- Calibration Systems Management Committee

Chairman James A Valentino of Sanders Associates Inc

Scope To develop the management control techniques required for optimum performance of calibration systems to provide cost visibility to managers to provide means to achieve cost reducshytions without degradation of quality through improved methods and procedures

Many of the Cost Visibility Exchange Program reports are finalized and have been issued to participating member laboratories The reports are available to all NCSL member laboratories by request to the Chairman The remaining reports will be forthshycoming shortly

All member delegates are urged to study these reports for they contain informative data

As suggested in the June Newsletter there exists several areas where a particular manufacturers instrument represents a sizeable portion of the family type Table I on page 18 of this newsletter lists instruments of this type and any cost reduction techniques employed on these instruments would have tremendous impact when applied on a national basis

Several sub-committee chairmen are currently investigating procedures of laboratories displaying low calibrationmaintenance times on particular instruments Since calibrationmaintenance times are wide spread for various organizations a standard cali shybration procedure would have considerable cost saving potential

Call for CARR

Few Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports (CARR) were submitted during the past several months The problem was discussed at length at the July NCSL Board of Directors Meeting Discussion centered around the suggestion that one possible reason for a lack of participation by members was fear their management would force an operating reduction to match the doll ars saved I f this is the belief of some member delegates then I suggest these members review their worth to their organization We should all again read the Presidents commentary in the June NCSL Newsletter We must all make a more meaningful contribution to our respective organizations

The Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports have been somewhat simplified to save the originator time in calculating actual savings (See the new form on page 19 of this newsletter) The committee needs these reports if its goal is to be attained The regional coordinators have been the major contributors to date All members are urged to read the existing reports for utilization in their own organization

17

Take a few minutes and submit your idea to your regional coordinators -- NOW -- TODAY

Region I will conduct a Round Robin commencing October 4 1971 Seven (7) member laboratories will participate with Mr Joseph Cameron of NBS acting as monitor

J bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull a bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

MEASUREMENTS AGREEMENT ROUND ROBIN

One of the most significant outcomes of the First Region One NCSL Meeting was the planning and implementation of a Measurements Agreement Round Robin The Round Robin is scheduled to begin October 4th and be completed by November 22nd this year A second data taking run will begin December 6th and end January 31st Seven Major New England Firms have pledged their participation The overall objective is to determine how well each participating laboratory using its own methods and test instrumentation agree with each other All data is coded for obvious reasons The Youden Plot will be the mechanism used to obviate resultant data A meeting will be scheduled after the first data run to discuss any problem areas and to prepare for a second data run utilizing the same s t anda r ds package Participating members in the First Region One Measurements Agreement Round Robin are A Kalisky and H Tobe of AVCO -- Wilmington H Haymes and J Valentino of Sanders Assoc Inc R Fay and R Raposa of Raytheon Co Sub Sig Division R Kidd of Microwave Assoc J Dandeneau and C Morse of Raytheon Co Equipment Div Wes McPhee of MIT Draper Lab and Dr John Hirsch of General Radio Company

(See Calibration

INSTRUII~NT

Electronic Counter

Electronic Counter

Differential Voltmeter

Differential Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Generator

Generator

Generator

Oscillator

Oscillator

Oscilloscope

Osc i lloscope

Oscilloscope

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Pressure Gauge

Pressure Gauge

18

TABLE 1

Systems Management Committee

~IANUFACTunEH

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

John Fluke

John Fluke

Dana

Fairchild

Hewlett Packard

Non-Linear Systems

Hewlett Packard

IIewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Ilewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

nshcr-o r t

Kollsman

Report)

MODEL

524

5245L

80lB

803803B

5600

7050

34403440 series plug-in

481

205A

612A

620A

200CD

650A

175

535

545

CC A

D

lA Series

Various

Various

19 COST AVOIDANCEREDUCTION REPORT

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABOR ATORIES

REVA ORIGINA L SUBMITTAL

REFEREN CE NCSL REPORT NO

COMPA NY I DIVISI ON NCSL REPORT NO

TITLE DATE

OLD METHOD

NEW METHOD

ESTIMATED ACTUAL IF AVAILABLE

NUMBER OF UNITS INVOLVED

TIME SAVINGS PER UNIT mnhrs mnhrs

MAT ERIAL SAVINGS PER UNIT $ $

fiHER SAVINGS $ $

IMPLEMENT AT ION COST S $ $

CONT RIBUTOR IIMPLEMENTATION DAT E NCSL DELEG ATE SIGNATU RE

20

Committee 3-D -- Education and Training Committee

Chairman M H Brenner of The Boeing Company

Scope To provide instructions and procedures for the effective training and education of personnel for metrology laboratories

The Committee has obtained two texts and are reviewing them Concurrently two items of test equipment have been donated by the Beckman Instrument Company and are being processed by the Committees coordinator Dr Morgan Annual objectives have been revised such that the analysis and comment of training texts will be processed and made available to NCSL members as they are completed rather than one annual issue at the conclusion of the year The committee is now targeted to release two such analyses by November 15 1971

The Committee is still seeking members training texts for reviews and any surplus test equipment Contributions of potential members names books or surplus test equipment can be made to any of the listed committee members

M H Brenner Dr Donald E Morgan Head The Boeing Company Dept of Industrial Engineering Metrology Se r vi ce Calif State Polytechnic College Or gn 24720 ]vj S 2P12 San Luis Obispo Calif 93401 Seattle Washington 98124

Robert Wille t Dr Peter Stein Collins Radio Company Arizona State University Cedar Rapids Iowa 53406 Tempe Arizona 85281

D J Franke Carroll G Hughes 902 Appling Avenue Westinghouse Electric Corp Placentia Calif 92670 Box 746 -- MS 550

Baltimore Maryland 21203 Joseph Davis Bendix Company PO Box 1159 Kans as Ci t y Mo

21

COMMUNICATI ON S ampMARKETING COMMITTEES - - W H McPh ee

Committee 4-A -- News le t t e r Committe e

Chairman Wilbur An son of Na t i on a l Bu r eau o f Standards

This issue of th e Newsletter r ep orts f or itself -- issue was del ayed not by th e editor but b y the n ece ssity of wa i t i ng f o r el e ction r eturns on our off conference year May we make this an appe a l for mor e inputs from our membe r laboratori es del egates

Committe e 4-B - - Directory Committe e

Ch airman Le wi s Wears of John Hopkins University

Lewis r eports th e n ew directory to be r e ady for distribution in the v ery near future after a revision of information and f ee d i ng th e comp uter -- an operation that wi l l make futur e directori es e asi er to e d i t

Committ e e 4 -C -- Information Committee

Chairman Robert Verity o f Le eds ampNo r t h r up Co

Bob is now back in circulation followin g an ex t e n de d period of NCS L inactivity c a us e d by l abor probl ems within his c omp a ny

Committe e 4- D -- Calibration Procedures Committ e e

Chairman Martin Vyenielo of Lawrence Radi ation Labo r a t o r y

Marty was r ecently appointed t o the GIDEP Industry advisory bo ard with speci al interest in c alibration procedures distribushytion GIDEP i s working tow ard a pro gram to improve the calibration p ro ce du r e s quality and content They a re presently involved i n a se r ie s o f indoctrinati on clinics NCSL is cooperating in this by p re s e n t i ng the calibration p ro ce d ure s asp e c t of their e f f o r t To date Ch airman Vyeni e10 and Vice President Wesl ey Mc Phee have participated on the East and West coast -- other a reas are s che d ule d GIDEP welcomes ideas for improvin g the c a l i b r a t ion procedures distribution -- submit comments and ideas through the Ch airman or through the ALERT s ystem s et up for r eporting prob l em areas

22

Committ ee 4-E -- Recommended Practices Committe e

Chairman Elmo R Johnson of U S Navy

Al l r ecommended practices submitted have b een distributed for board members app r ov a l prior to gen e ral distribution for insertion in the information manu al in the near futur e El mo has ch anged h ats and is pres ently with the Navy Chief of Naval Material s 740 Crystal Plaza Jeffe r s on Davis Hi ghway Washington DC 20360

I~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbull middot~~~ bullbull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

CPEM 72

Conference on Pr ec i s i on Ele ctroma gnetic Measure ments wi l l b e held June 26 -29 197 2 at Boulder Colorado

A call for papers has been issued For information relatin g to the t echnical program write t o

Dr Harold S Boyne Radio Building Room 4075 Nat i on al Bureau of St anda r ds Boulder Colorado 80302

For gene r a l information on the Conference write to

Ge orge Goulette Director Bureau of Conferences and Institure s University of Colorado Boulder Col orado 8030 2

23

O I N T

MEASUREME T

ONFERENCE June 21-23 1972 at Boulder Colorado

STEERING COMMITTEE PLEASE REPLY TO

JOINT MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE A J Woodington Chaiman

rC~n poundr ~ 1 U tl3 f111 C5 ~Ofl a ~ Aogt n H p c e lt) ) PRESS RELEASE

Am~ -ic n Soc I e ty tor O II y (on p)1

A J oint Measurement Conference the first in a potential series will be held June 21-23 1972 at Boulder

Andrew F Dunn Colorado The keynote of the Conference - THE ROLE AND N H I 0 I ee s e a r c h Co nlt1 o f L ana d a

l n s t s t c t e fo r Ele trc 1 VALUE OF MEASUREMENT - is also the theme of the opening ~ tl ogttt ro n 1( l (l~l neer s

address to be presented by Lewis M Branscomb Director o f the National Bureau of Standards US Department of Conunerce

Ptr K Stein ( Afl lon a S t e t c Ul ~H ~ t ~)

IA~ t T urIle~ ~o C I j o le r lC The joint aspects of this Conference are indicated by the list of sponsors

Ameri can Society for Qua l i t y Control - Electronics W ilbur J Anson DivisionMetrology Technical Conunittee

( p I)n 1 ~u tJ u r ~ 1 ne l( j ~ rh t l o llal vc n t e r e nc e o j S l noj r d Le oo r Lor 11(1 Institute for Electrical and Electronics

Engineers-Group on Instrumentation and Measurement

A K Edgerton Instrument Society o f America-Metrology Division s e e c q ~ l o r e ll ~ n t 10 5 50gtlt I 1 10 11

National Bureau of Standards

National Conference of Standards Laboratories

Joseph M Cameron Precision Measurements Association gtjH Onl Bu-ta u o S la n(lardi

The purpose of the meeting is to promote the intershydisciplinary exchange of technical and managerial meas-

Helmut A Altschuler urement co n ce p t s The underlying theme i s that ideally l q ~~~ ~~~~f ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~ Technical personnel should utilize the Measurement

1l ~ ( V OrM 9 H ( H ~alulemeH ~ science concepts in all phases of product evolution shyresearch design devel opment manufacturing maintenance and quality control The techniques of a systems a p proach to accurate meaningful measurements will be emphasized as a powerful tool for both Management and Technical personnel The sessions will stress that many if not all measurement disciplines are required in the solution of softwarehardware oriented measurement problems

The Conference to be held at the NBS Boulder Laboratories is organized into 6 consecutive half-day sessions The general topic of the first day The Why of Measurement is explored in sessions on The Measurement Effort as a Resour ce for Management and as a Technical Res ource The How of Mea surement is covered in sessions on Physical Processes in Sensors Transducers Detectors and Intershydisciplinary Solutions to Problems and the Where of Measurement is discussed in sessions on Systems Metrology and Measurement-Oriented Engineers from our Campuses

Attendees of the Joint Measurement Con f e r e n c e have the opp o r t un i t y to take in a conference doubleheader as the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurement meets in Boulder June 26-29

24

STANDARDS LABORATORIES WITHER OR NOT

DO YOU HAVE A RE ACTION

President Hayes posed challenging questions in his editori al in the June NCSL News l e t t e r Essentially its a matter of standshyards labor atories demonstrating an impact upon their companys product For some st and ards laboratories it could be a matter of survival The crucial question is Can the qu ality and consistency of a companys product be maintained without the existence of a company standards laboratory

One type of r eaction containing a t echnical approach is contained in the letter Glenn Engen wr ote me How ab out it -shyDoes anyone else have a reaction to either the Hayes editorial my comments above or Glenn Engens l etter If so then write to me and maybe we can promote an interchange of viewpoints via the Newsletter

Wilbur Anson Edi tor

U OEPA TMENT OF COMMERCE Nationa l Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

To W J Anson Editor NCSL Newsletter

From G F En gen Electromagnetics Division NBS

Sub je c t Comment on Hayes Recent Edi t or i a l

President Hayes has pos ed a real chall en ge to those of us in st andards laboratories In a word the questi on is What c an we do to improve our relevance

The purp ose of this l etter is to call attention t o the r esults of s ome recent work at NBS which n ow makes pos s i b le a mor e meaningful interacti on between the calibration laborat ory an d the groups it serves

Historically a major obstacl e to this interaction has be en the connector problem Until r ecently p r e c i s Lon connect ors have been regarded as an e s s en t i al e le men t to accurat e measurements at UHF and microwave frequencies and their use has been adopted and promoted by standards laboratories

On the o t he r hand the field equipment is usually provided with a different c onn e ct or This confronts the us er with the probl em of e i t he r converting his e qu i pmen t to the pr e c i s i on connector or with an a dap t or e val uat ion prob Lem The f ormer s 01 ut ion II is

25

usually impossibl e for e con omi c or ot he r practical reasons while the probl ems asso c i a te d with adaptor evaluation tend t o negate the p otential con t r i bu t i on o f the calibrati on laborat ory As a cons equence there is a substanti al void between the world o f the standards laboratory and that of the fi eld us ers

As a r e sult of recent NBS e ff or t it is n ow possibl e for an important group o f measurement probl ems to provide the user with improved accuracy (o r accuracy potential) without imp osing th e condition that the conn e ctors on his equipment or gear be conshyverted to some p r e c i s i ori ( ) t yp e To be mor e sp eci fi c the measurement o f power and r elated p arameters can n ow be e ffected in a way which s ubs t an t i a l l y minimi ze s the dependenc e upon conshynector properti es In a recent e xp e r i men t fo r exampl e the ordin ary Type N connect or per formed as well as the GPC-7 an d sub stantially better than ce rtain Lmpro ve d Type N connectors

It must be a dmi t t e d however that the reali zation of this bene fit does call fo r s ome re-direction of existin g practice In parshyticular thi s ins ensitivity t o connector properti e s i s a ch ie ved on l y f or certain terminal i nva r i an t parameters o r meas ur an ds Thes e include f or e xample the e f fe ct i ve eff i c i en cy of a bol ometer mount but n ot the c a l i bra t i on f ac t or Apar t f rom the initi al chan ge ove r probl ems h owe ve r the us e of the terminal invariant parameters as the basis f or a cal i bra t i on service provide s certain advan t ages i n additi on t o e l i mi n a t ion of the precisi on connector requirement In particul ar a s ub s tan t i a l simpli fication in the proce dures for the evaluati on of mi smatch corrections i s re alized

By way o f comparis on it may be noted th at the e xi sting practice is heavily ori ented in the di recti on of telling the user how his de v i ce would behave in an ide al world (Name ly one where a ll other components are perfectl y matched or re flectionless and fitt ed with i deal connectors ) More ove r the standards lab orato r y usually e xp ends a substanti al eff or t to in sure th at its calibration systems c l ose ly appr oximate these criteria

Unfortunatel y the us er who wi shes t o make optimum use of s uch calibration r esults must f i r s t de t e r mi ne to what e x t en t his s ystem di ffers from thos e f oun d in the ideal world The answers t o thes e questions involve rtmismat ch co r re ct i on s Thes e in turn require compl e x impedance me asurements an d computations which are often be yond the field personnel

The implicit r eference to an i de a l worl d may b e avo i ded when terminal invari ant quantiti es are chos en as the b asis of th e calibration s ervice In particul ar the procedure is to cali shybr ate the di f f erent t ype s of components (eg b olometer mounts a t t enua t or s etc ) in t erms of cert ain fund amental properti es which are the same irre spective of the sys t em in which the component i s us ed and moreover which do not pre suppo se that the comp onent is f i t t ed with ide al wave guide l eads The

26

mismatch corrections now takes the form of evaluating cer t a i n Lnt e r ac t i on terms between the component and the system in which it is used Although this falls to the lot of the us r and does require some effort the requirement for complex impedance measurements has been eliminated When these proposed changes are adopted the role of the user who wishes to make the best use of the calibration results is thus simplified while the accuracy potential for the user who ignores these corrections is nominally the same

The theoretical background for these remarks will be found in the writers paper Powe r Equations A New Concept in the Descriptions and Evaluation of Microwave Systems (IEEE Trans on Instr and Meas Vol 1M-20 Feb 1971)

From wh a t has been said it will be recognized that the major thrust of this effort is to make better use of existing hardware rather than ti e improved accuracy to more stringent hardware specifications

Although the development and extension of these concepts is continuing at NBS the basic groundwork is well established and promises to play a major role in tomorrows I world It appears that the c a l i b r a t i on laboratories could provide a real service by introducing the user groups to these ideas

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

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HOW TO JOIN NCSL

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Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

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I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

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Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

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Committee 3-C -- Calibration Systems Management Committee

Chairman James A Valentino of Sanders Associates Inc

Scope To develop the management control techniques required for optimum performance of calibration systems to provide cost visibility to managers to provide means to achieve cost reducshytions without degradation of quality through improved methods and procedures

Many of the Cost Visibility Exchange Program reports are finalized and have been issued to participating member laboratories The reports are available to all NCSL member laboratories by request to the Chairman The remaining reports will be forthshycoming shortly

All member delegates are urged to study these reports for they contain informative data

As suggested in the June Newsletter there exists several areas where a particular manufacturers instrument represents a sizeable portion of the family type Table I on page 18 of this newsletter lists instruments of this type and any cost reduction techniques employed on these instruments would have tremendous impact when applied on a national basis

Several sub-committee chairmen are currently investigating procedures of laboratories displaying low calibrationmaintenance times on particular instruments Since calibrationmaintenance times are wide spread for various organizations a standard cali shybration procedure would have considerable cost saving potential

Call for CARR

Few Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports (CARR) were submitted during the past several months The problem was discussed at length at the July NCSL Board of Directors Meeting Discussion centered around the suggestion that one possible reason for a lack of participation by members was fear their management would force an operating reduction to match the doll ars saved I f this is the belief of some member delegates then I suggest these members review their worth to their organization We should all again read the Presidents commentary in the June NCSL Newsletter We must all make a more meaningful contribution to our respective organizations

The Cost AvoidanceReduction Reports have been somewhat simplified to save the originator time in calculating actual savings (See the new form on page 19 of this newsletter) The committee needs these reports if its goal is to be attained The regional coordinators have been the major contributors to date All members are urged to read the existing reports for utilization in their own organization

17

Take a few minutes and submit your idea to your regional coordinators -- NOW -- TODAY

Region I will conduct a Round Robin commencing October 4 1971 Seven (7) member laboratories will participate with Mr Joseph Cameron of NBS acting as monitor

J bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull a bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

MEASUREMENTS AGREEMENT ROUND ROBIN

One of the most significant outcomes of the First Region One NCSL Meeting was the planning and implementation of a Measurements Agreement Round Robin The Round Robin is scheduled to begin October 4th and be completed by November 22nd this year A second data taking run will begin December 6th and end January 31st Seven Major New England Firms have pledged their participation The overall objective is to determine how well each participating laboratory using its own methods and test instrumentation agree with each other All data is coded for obvious reasons The Youden Plot will be the mechanism used to obviate resultant data A meeting will be scheduled after the first data run to discuss any problem areas and to prepare for a second data run utilizing the same s t anda r ds package Participating members in the First Region One Measurements Agreement Round Robin are A Kalisky and H Tobe of AVCO -- Wilmington H Haymes and J Valentino of Sanders Assoc Inc R Fay and R Raposa of Raytheon Co Sub Sig Division R Kidd of Microwave Assoc J Dandeneau and C Morse of Raytheon Co Equipment Div Wes McPhee of MIT Draper Lab and Dr John Hirsch of General Radio Company

(See Calibration

INSTRUII~NT

Electronic Counter

Electronic Counter

Differential Voltmeter

Differential Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Generator

Generator

Generator

Oscillator

Oscillator

Oscilloscope

Osc i lloscope

Oscilloscope

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Pressure Gauge

Pressure Gauge

18

TABLE 1

Systems Management Committee

~IANUFACTunEH

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

John Fluke

John Fluke

Dana

Fairchild

Hewlett Packard

Non-Linear Systems

Hewlett Packard

IIewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Ilewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

nshcr-o r t

Kollsman

Report)

MODEL

524

5245L

80lB

803803B

5600

7050

34403440 series plug-in

481

205A

612A

620A

200CD

650A

175

535

545

CC A

D

lA Series

Various

Various

19 COST AVOIDANCEREDUCTION REPORT

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABOR ATORIES

REVA ORIGINA L SUBMITTAL

REFEREN CE NCSL REPORT NO

COMPA NY I DIVISI ON NCSL REPORT NO

TITLE DATE

OLD METHOD

NEW METHOD

ESTIMATED ACTUAL IF AVAILABLE

NUMBER OF UNITS INVOLVED

TIME SAVINGS PER UNIT mnhrs mnhrs

MAT ERIAL SAVINGS PER UNIT $ $

fiHER SAVINGS $ $

IMPLEMENT AT ION COST S $ $

CONT RIBUTOR IIMPLEMENTATION DAT E NCSL DELEG ATE SIGNATU RE

20

Committee 3-D -- Education and Training Committee

Chairman M H Brenner of The Boeing Company

Scope To provide instructions and procedures for the effective training and education of personnel for metrology laboratories

The Committee has obtained two texts and are reviewing them Concurrently two items of test equipment have been donated by the Beckman Instrument Company and are being processed by the Committees coordinator Dr Morgan Annual objectives have been revised such that the analysis and comment of training texts will be processed and made available to NCSL members as they are completed rather than one annual issue at the conclusion of the year The committee is now targeted to release two such analyses by November 15 1971

The Committee is still seeking members training texts for reviews and any surplus test equipment Contributions of potential members names books or surplus test equipment can be made to any of the listed committee members

M H Brenner Dr Donald E Morgan Head The Boeing Company Dept of Industrial Engineering Metrology Se r vi ce Calif State Polytechnic College Or gn 24720 ]vj S 2P12 San Luis Obispo Calif 93401 Seattle Washington 98124

Robert Wille t Dr Peter Stein Collins Radio Company Arizona State University Cedar Rapids Iowa 53406 Tempe Arizona 85281

D J Franke Carroll G Hughes 902 Appling Avenue Westinghouse Electric Corp Placentia Calif 92670 Box 746 -- MS 550

Baltimore Maryland 21203 Joseph Davis Bendix Company PO Box 1159 Kans as Ci t y Mo

21

COMMUNICATI ON S ampMARKETING COMMITTEES - - W H McPh ee

Committee 4-A -- News le t t e r Committe e

Chairman Wilbur An son of Na t i on a l Bu r eau o f Standards

This issue of th e Newsletter r ep orts f or itself -- issue was del ayed not by th e editor but b y the n ece ssity of wa i t i ng f o r el e ction r eturns on our off conference year May we make this an appe a l for mor e inputs from our membe r laboratori es del egates

Committe e 4-B - - Directory Committe e

Ch airman Le wi s Wears of John Hopkins University

Lewis r eports th e n ew directory to be r e ady for distribution in the v ery near future after a revision of information and f ee d i ng th e comp uter -- an operation that wi l l make futur e directori es e asi er to e d i t

Committ e e 4 -C -- Information Committee

Chairman Robert Verity o f Le eds ampNo r t h r up Co

Bob is now back in circulation followin g an ex t e n de d period of NCS L inactivity c a us e d by l abor probl ems within his c omp a ny

Committe e 4- D -- Calibration Procedures Committ e e

Chairman Martin Vyenielo of Lawrence Radi ation Labo r a t o r y

Marty was r ecently appointed t o the GIDEP Industry advisory bo ard with speci al interest in c alibration procedures distribushytion GIDEP i s working tow ard a pro gram to improve the calibration p ro ce du r e s quality and content They a re presently involved i n a se r ie s o f indoctrinati on clinics NCSL is cooperating in this by p re s e n t i ng the calibration p ro ce d ure s asp e c t of their e f f o r t To date Ch airman Vyeni e10 and Vice President Wesl ey Mc Phee have participated on the East and West coast -- other a reas are s che d ule d GIDEP welcomes ideas for improvin g the c a l i b r a t ion procedures distribution -- submit comments and ideas through the Ch airman or through the ALERT s ystem s et up for r eporting prob l em areas

22

Committ ee 4-E -- Recommended Practices Committe e

Chairman Elmo R Johnson of U S Navy

Al l r ecommended practices submitted have b een distributed for board members app r ov a l prior to gen e ral distribution for insertion in the information manu al in the near futur e El mo has ch anged h ats and is pres ently with the Navy Chief of Naval Material s 740 Crystal Plaza Jeffe r s on Davis Hi ghway Washington DC 20360

I~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbull middot~~~ bullbull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

CPEM 72

Conference on Pr ec i s i on Ele ctroma gnetic Measure ments wi l l b e held June 26 -29 197 2 at Boulder Colorado

A call for papers has been issued For information relatin g to the t echnical program write t o

Dr Harold S Boyne Radio Building Room 4075 Nat i on al Bureau of St anda r ds Boulder Colorado 80302

For gene r a l information on the Conference write to

Ge orge Goulette Director Bureau of Conferences and Institure s University of Colorado Boulder Col orado 8030 2

23

O I N T

MEASUREME T

ONFERENCE June 21-23 1972 at Boulder Colorado

STEERING COMMITTEE PLEASE REPLY TO

JOINT MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE A J Woodington Chaiman

rC~n poundr ~ 1 U tl3 f111 C5 ~Ofl a ~ Aogt n H p c e lt) ) PRESS RELEASE

Am~ -ic n Soc I e ty tor O II y (on p)1

A J oint Measurement Conference the first in a potential series will be held June 21-23 1972 at Boulder

Andrew F Dunn Colorado The keynote of the Conference - THE ROLE AND N H I 0 I ee s e a r c h Co nlt1 o f L ana d a

l n s t s t c t e fo r Ele trc 1 VALUE OF MEASUREMENT - is also the theme of the opening ~ tl ogttt ro n 1( l (l~l neer s

address to be presented by Lewis M Branscomb Director o f the National Bureau of Standards US Department of Conunerce

Ptr K Stein ( Afl lon a S t e t c Ul ~H ~ t ~)

IA~ t T urIle~ ~o C I j o le r lC The joint aspects of this Conference are indicated by the list of sponsors

Ameri can Society for Qua l i t y Control - Electronics W ilbur J Anson DivisionMetrology Technical Conunittee

( p I)n 1 ~u tJ u r ~ 1 ne l( j ~ rh t l o llal vc n t e r e nc e o j S l noj r d Le oo r Lor 11(1 Institute for Electrical and Electronics

Engineers-Group on Instrumentation and Measurement

A K Edgerton Instrument Society o f America-Metrology Division s e e c q ~ l o r e ll ~ n t 10 5 50gtlt I 1 10 11

National Bureau of Standards

National Conference of Standards Laboratories

Joseph M Cameron Precision Measurements Association gtjH Onl Bu-ta u o S la n(lardi

The purpose of the meeting is to promote the intershydisciplinary exchange of technical and managerial meas-

Helmut A Altschuler urement co n ce p t s The underlying theme i s that ideally l q ~~~ ~~~~f ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~ Technical personnel should utilize the Measurement

1l ~ ( V OrM 9 H ( H ~alulemeH ~ science concepts in all phases of product evolution shyresearch design devel opment manufacturing maintenance and quality control The techniques of a systems a p proach to accurate meaningful measurements will be emphasized as a powerful tool for both Management and Technical personnel The sessions will stress that many if not all measurement disciplines are required in the solution of softwarehardware oriented measurement problems

The Conference to be held at the NBS Boulder Laboratories is organized into 6 consecutive half-day sessions The general topic of the first day The Why of Measurement is explored in sessions on The Measurement Effort as a Resour ce for Management and as a Technical Res ource The How of Mea surement is covered in sessions on Physical Processes in Sensors Transducers Detectors and Intershydisciplinary Solutions to Problems and the Where of Measurement is discussed in sessions on Systems Metrology and Measurement-Oriented Engineers from our Campuses

Attendees of the Joint Measurement Con f e r e n c e have the opp o r t un i t y to take in a conference doubleheader as the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurement meets in Boulder June 26-29

24

STANDARDS LABORATORIES WITHER OR NOT

DO YOU HAVE A RE ACTION

President Hayes posed challenging questions in his editori al in the June NCSL News l e t t e r Essentially its a matter of standshyards labor atories demonstrating an impact upon their companys product For some st and ards laboratories it could be a matter of survival The crucial question is Can the qu ality and consistency of a companys product be maintained without the existence of a company standards laboratory

One type of r eaction containing a t echnical approach is contained in the letter Glenn Engen wr ote me How ab out it -shyDoes anyone else have a reaction to either the Hayes editorial my comments above or Glenn Engens l etter If so then write to me and maybe we can promote an interchange of viewpoints via the Newsletter

Wilbur Anson Edi tor

U OEPA TMENT OF COMMERCE Nationa l Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

To W J Anson Editor NCSL Newsletter

From G F En gen Electromagnetics Division NBS

Sub je c t Comment on Hayes Recent Edi t or i a l

President Hayes has pos ed a real chall en ge to those of us in st andards laboratories In a word the questi on is What c an we do to improve our relevance

The purp ose of this l etter is to call attention t o the r esults of s ome recent work at NBS which n ow makes pos s i b le a mor e meaningful interacti on between the calibration laborat ory an d the groups it serves

Historically a major obstacl e to this interaction has be en the connector problem Until r ecently p r e c i s Lon connect ors have been regarded as an e s s en t i al e le men t to accurat e measurements at UHF and microwave frequencies and their use has been adopted and promoted by standards laboratories

On the o t he r hand the field equipment is usually provided with a different c onn e ct or This confronts the us er with the probl em of e i t he r converting his e qu i pmen t to the pr e c i s i on connector or with an a dap t or e val uat ion prob Lem The f ormer s 01 ut ion II is

25

usually impossibl e for e con omi c or ot he r practical reasons while the probl ems asso c i a te d with adaptor evaluation tend t o negate the p otential con t r i bu t i on o f the calibrati on laborat ory As a cons equence there is a substanti al void between the world o f the standards laboratory and that of the fi eld us ers

As a r e sult of recent NBS e ff or t it is n ow possibl e for an important group o f measurement probl ems to provide the user with improved accuracy (o r accuracy potential) without imp osing th e condition that the conn e ctors on his equipment or gear be conshyverted to some p r e c i s i ori ( ) t yp e To be mor e sp eci fi c the measurement o f power and r elated p arameters can n ow be e ffected in a way which s ubs t an t i a l l y minimi ze s the dependenc e upon conshynector properti es In a recent e xp e r i men t fo r exampl e the ordin ary Type N connect or per formed as well as the GPC-7 an d sub stantially better than ce rtain Lmpro ve d Type N connectors

It must be a dmi t t e d however that the reali zation of this bene fit does call fo r s ome re-direction of existin g practice In parshyticular thi s ins ensitivity t o connector properti e s i s a ch ie ved on l y f or certain terminal i nva r i an t parameters o r meas ur an ds Thes e include f or e xample the e f fe ct i ve eff i c i en cy of a bol ometer mount but n ot the c a l i bra t i on f ac t or Apar t f rom the initi al chan ge ove r probl ems h owe ve r the us e of the terminal invariant parameters as the basis f or a cal i bra t i on service provide s certain advan t ages i n additi on t o e l i mi n a t ion of the precisi on connector requirement In particul ar a s ub s tan t i a l simpli fication in the proce dures for the evaluati on of mi smatch corrections i s re alized

By way o f comparis on it may be noted th at the e xi sting practice is heavily ori ented in the di recti on of telling the user how his de v i ce would behave in an ide al world (Name ly one where a ll other components are perfectl y matched or re flectionless and fitt ed with i deal connectors ) More ove r the standards lab orato r y usually e xp ends a substanti al eff or t to in sure th at its calibration systems c l ose ly appr oximate these criteria

Unfortunatel y the us er who wi shes t o make optimum use of s uch calibration r esults must f i r s t de t e r mi ne to what e x t en t his s ystem di ffers from thos e f oun d in the ideal world The answers t o thes e questions involve rtmismat ch co r re ct i on s Thes e in turn require compl e x impedance me asurements an d computations which are often be yond the field personnel

The implicit r eference to an i de a l worl d may b e avo i ded when terminal invari ant quantiti es are chos en as the b asis of th e calibration s ervice In particul ar the procedure is to cali shybr ate the di f f erent t ype s of components (eg b olometer mounts a t t enua t or s etc ) in t erms of cert ain fund amental properti es which are the same irre spective of the sys t em in which the component i s us ed and moreover which do not pre suppo se that the comp onent is f i t t ed with ide al wave guide l eads The

26

mismatch corrections now takes the form of evaluating cer t a i n Lnt e r ac t i on terms between the component and the system in which it is used Although this falls to the lot of the us r and does require some effort the requirement for complex impedance measurements has been eliminated When these proposed changes are adopted the role of the user who wishes to make the best use of the calibration results is thus simplified while the accuracy potential for the user who ignores these corrections is nominally the same

The theoretical background for these remarks will be found in the writers paper Powe r Equations A New Concept in the Descriptions and Evaluation of Microwave Systems (IEEE Trans on Instr and Meas Vol 1M-20 Feb 1971)

From wh a t has been said it will be recognized that the major thrust of this effort is to make better use of existing hardware rather than ti e improved accuracy to more stringent hardware specifications

Although the development and extension of these concepts is continuing at NBS the basic groundwork is well established and promises to play a major role in tomorrows I world It appears that the c a l i b r a t i on laboratories could provide a real service by introducing the user groups to these ideas

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

17

Take a few minutes and submit your idea to your regional coordinators -- NOW -- TODAY

Region I will conduct a Round Robin commencing October 4 1971 Seven (7) member laboratories will participate with Mr Joseph Cameron of NBS acting as monitor

J bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull a bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

MEASUREMENTS AGREEMENT ROUND ROBIN

One of the most significant outcomes of the First Region One NCSL Meeting was the planning and implementation of a Measurements Agreement Round Robin The Round Robin is scheduled to begin October 4th and be completed by November 22nd this year A second data taking run will begin December 6th and end January 31st Seven Major New England Firms have pledged their participation The overall objective is to determine how well each participating laboratory using its own methods and test instrumentation agree with each other All data is coded for obvious reasons The Youden Plot will be the mechanism used to obviate resultant data A meeting will be scheduled after the first data run to discuss any problem areas and to prepare for a second data run utilizing the same s t anda r ds package Participating members in the First Region One Measurements Agreement Round Robin are A Kalisky and H Tobe of AVCO -- Wilmington H Haymes and J Valentino of Sanders Assoc Inc R Fay and R Raposa of Raytheon Co Sub Sig Division R Kidd of Microwave Assoc J Dandeneau and C Morse of Raytheon Co Equipment Div Wes McPhee of MIT Draper Lab and Dr John Hirsch of General Radio Company

(See Calibration

INSTRUII~NT

Electronic Counter

Electronic Counter

Differential Voltmeter

Differential Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Generator

Generator

Generator

Oscillator

Oscillator

Oscilloscope

Osc i lloscope

Oscilloscope

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Pressure Gauge

Pressure Gauge

18

TABLE 1

Systems Management Committee

~IANUFACTunEH

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

John Fluke

John Fluke

Dana

Fairchild

Hewlett Packard

Non-Linear Systems

Hewlett Packard

IIewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Ilewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

nshcr-o r t

Kollsman

Report)

MODEL

524

5245L

80lB

803803B

5600

7050

34403440 series plug-in

481

205A

612A

620A

200CD

650A

175

535

545

CC A

D

lA Series

Various

Various

19 COST AVOIDANCEREDUCTION REPORT

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABOR ATORIES

REVA ORIGINA L SUBMITTAL

REFEREN CE NCSL REPORT NO

COMPA NY I DIVISI ON NCSL REPORT NO

TITLE DATE

OLD METHOD

NEW METHOD

ESTIMATED ACTUAL IF AVAILABLE

NUMBER OF UNITS INVOLVED

TIME SAVINGS PER UNIT mnhrs mnhrs

MAT ERIAL SAVINGS PER UNIT $ $

fiHER SAVINGS $ $

IMPLEMENT AT ION COST S $ $

CONT RIBUTOR IIMPLEMENTATION DAT E NCSL DELEG ATE SIGNATU RE

20

Committee 3-D -- Education and Training Committee

Chairman M H Brenner of The Boeing Company

Scope To provide instructions and procedures for the effective training and education of personnel for metrology laboratories

The Committee has obtained two texts and are reviewing them Concurrently two items of test equipment have been donated by the Beckman Instrument Company and are being processed by the Committees coordinator Dr Morgan Annual objectives have been revised such that the analysis and comment of training texts will be processed and made available to NCSL members as they are completed rather than one annual issue at the conclusion of the year The committee is now targeted to release two such analyses by November 15 1971

The Committee is still seeking members training texts for reviews and any surplus test equipment Contributions of potential members names books or surplus test equipment can be made to any of the listed committee members

M H Brenner Dr Donald E Morgan Head The Boeing Company Dept of Industrial Engineering Metrology Se r vi ce Calif State Polytechnic College Or gn 24720 ]vj S 2P12 San Luis Obispo Calif 93401 Seattle Washington 98124

Robert Wille t Dr Peter Stein Collins Radio Company Arizona State University Cedar Rapids Iowa 53406 Tempe Arizona 85281

D J Franke Carroll G Hughes 902 Appling Avenue Westinghouse Electric Corp Placentia Calif 92670 Box 746 -- MS 550

Baltimore Maryland 21203 Joseph Davis Bendix Company PO Box 1159 Kans as Ci t y Mo

21

COMMUNICATI ON S ampMARKETING COMMITTEES - - W H McPh ee

Committee 4-A -- News le t t e r Committe e

Chairman Wilbur An son of Na t i on a l Bu r eau o f Standards

This issue of th e Newsletter r ep orts f or itself -- issue was del ayed not by th e editor but b y the n ece ssity of wa i t i ng f o r el e ction r eturns on our off conference year May we make this an appe a l for mor e inputs from our membe r laboratori es del egates

Committe e 4-B - - Directory Committe e

Ch airman Le wi s Wears of John Hopkins University

Lewis r eports th e n ew directory to be r e ady for distribution in the v ery near future after a revision of information and f ee d i ng th e comp uter -- an operation that wi l l make futur e directori es e asi er to e d i t

Committ e e 4 -C -- Information Committee

Chairman Robert Verity o f Le eds ampNo r t h r up Co

Bob is now back in circulation followin g an ex t e n de d period of NCS L inactivity c a us e d by l abor probl ems within his c omp a ny

Committe e 4- D -- Calibration Procedures Committ e e

Chairman Martin Vyenielo of Lawrence Radi ation Labo r a t o r y

Marty was r ecently appointed t o the GIDEP Industry advisory bo ard with speci al interest in c alibration procedures distribushytion GIDEP i s working tow ard a pro gram to improve the calibration p ro ce du r e s quality and content They a re presently involved i n a se r ie s o f indoctrinati on clinics NCSL is cooperating in this by p re s e n t i ng the calibration p ro ce d ure s asp e c t of their e f f o r t To date Ch airman Vyeni e10 and Vice President Wesl ey Mc Phee have participated on the East and West coast -- other a reas are s che d ule d GIDEP welcomes ideas for improvin g the c a l i b r a t ion procedures distribution -- submit comments and ideas through the Ch airman or through the ALERT s ystem s et up for r eporting prob l em areas

22

Committ ee 4-E -- Recommended Practices Committe e

Chairman Elmo R Johnson of U S Navy

Al l r ecommended practices submitted have b een distributed for board members app r ov a l prior to gen e ral distribution for insertion in the information manu al in the near futur e El mo has ch anged h ats and is pres ently with the Navy Chief of Naval Material s 740 Crystal Plaza Jeffe r s on Davis Hi ghway Washington DC 20360

I~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbull middot~~~ bullbull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

CPEM 72

Conference on Pr ec i s i on Ele ctroma gnetic Measure ments wi l l b e held June 26 -29 197 2 at Boulder Colorado

A call for papers has been issued For information relatin g to the t echnical program write t o

Dr Harold S Boyne Radio Building Room 4075 Nat i on al Bureau of St anda r ds Boulder Colorado 80302

For gene r a l information on the Conference write to

Ge orge Goulette Director Bureau of Conferences and Institure s University of Colorado Boulder Col orado 8030 2

23

O I N T

MEASUREME T

ONFERENCE June 21-23 1972 at Boulder Colorado

STEERING COMMITTEE PLEASE REPLY TO

JOINT MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE A J Woodington Chaiman

rC~n poundr ~ 1 U tl3 f111 C5 ~Ofl a ~ Aogt n H p c e lt) ) PRESS RELEASE

Am~ -ic n Soc I e ty tor O II y (on p)1

A J oint Measurement Conference the first in a potential series will be held June 21-23 1972 at Boulder

Andrew F Dunn Colorado The keynote of the Conference - THE ROLE AND N H I 0 I ee s e a r c h Co nlt1 o f L ana d a

l n s t s t c t e fo r Ele trc 1 VALUE OF MEASUREMENT - is also the theme of the opening ~ tl ogttt ro n 1( l (l~l neer s

address to be presented by Lewis M Branscomb Director o f the National Bureau of Standards US Department of Conunerce

Ptr K Stein ( Afl lon a S t e t c Ul ~H ~ t ~)

IA~ t T urIle~ ~o C I j o le r lC The joint aspects of this Conference are indicated by the list of sponsors

Ameri can Society for Qua l i t y Control - Electronics W ilbur J Anson DivisionMetrology Technical Conunittee

( p I)n 1 ~u tJ u r ~ 1 ne l( j ~ rh t l o llal vc n t e r e nc e o j S l noj r d Le oo r Lor 11(1 Institute for Electrical and Electronics

Engineers-Group on Instrumentation and Measurement

A K Edgerton Instrument Society o f America-Metrology Division s e e c q ~ l o r e ll ~ n t 10 5 50gtlt I 1 10 11

National Bureau of Standards

National Conference of Standards Laboratories

Joseph M Cameron Precision Measurements Association gtjH Onl Bu-ta u o S la n(lardi

The purpose of the meeting is to promote the intershydisciplinary exchange of technical and managerial meas-

Helmut A Altschuler urement co n ce p t s The underlying theme i s that ideally l q ~~~ ~~~~f ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~ Technical personnel should utilize the Measurement

1l ~ ( V OrM 9 H ( H ~alulemeH ~ science concepts in all phases of product evolution shyresearch design devel opment manufacturing maintenance and quality control The techniques of a systems a p proach to accurate meaningful measurements will be emphasized as a powerful tool for both Management and Technical personnel The sessions will stress that many if not all measurement disciplines are required in the solution of softwarehardware oriented measurement problems

The Conference to be held at the NBS Boulder Laboratories is organized into 6 consecutive half-day sessions The general topic of the first day The Why of Measurement is explored in sessions on The Measurement Effort as a Resour ce for Management and as a Technical Res ource The How of Mea surement is covered in sessions on Physical Processes in Sensors Transducers Detectors and Intershydisciplinary Solutions to Problems and the Where of Measurement is discussed in sessions on Systems Metrology and Measurement-Oriented Engineers from our Campuses

Attendees of the Joint Measurement Con f e r e n c e have the opp o r t un i t y to take in a conference doubleheader as the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurement meets in Boulder June 26-29

24

STANDARDS LABORATORIES WITHER OR NOT

DO YOU HAVE A RE ACTION

President Hayes posed challenging questions in his editori al in the June NCSL News l e t t e r Essentially its a matter of standshyards labor atories demonstrating an impact upon their companys product For some st and ards laboratories it could be a matter of survival The crucial question is Can the qu ality and consistency of a companys product be maintained without the existence of a company standards laboratory

One type of r eaction containing a t echnical approach is contained in the letter Glenn Engen wr ote me How ab out it -shyDoes anyone else have a reaction to either the Hayes editorial my comments above or Glenn Engens l etter If so then write to me and maybe we can promote an interchange of viewpoints via the Newsletter

Wilbur Anson Edi tor

U OEPA TMENT OF COMMERCE Nationa l Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

To W J Anson Editor NCSL Newsletter

From G F En gen Electromagnetics Division NBS

Sub je c t Comment on Hayes Recent Edi t or i a l

President Hayes has pos ed a real chall en ge to those of us in st andards laboratories In a word the questi on is What c an we do to improve our relevance

The purp ose of this l etter is to call attention t o the r esults of s ome recent work at NBS which n ow makes pos s i b le a mor e meaningful interacti on between the calibration laborat ory an d the groups it serves

Historically a major obstacl e to this interaction has be en the connector problem Until r ecently p r e c i s Lon connect ors have been regarded as an e s s en t i al e le men t to accurat e measurements at UHF and microwave frequencies and their use has been adopted and promoted by standards laboratories

On the o t he r hand the field equipment is usually provided with a different c onn e ct or This confronts the us er with the probl em of e i t he r converting his e qu i pmen t to the pr e c i s i on connector or with an a dap t or e val uat ion prob Lem The f ormer s 01 ut ion II is

25

usually impossibl e for e con omi c or ot he r practical reasons while the probl ems asso c i a te d with adaptor evaluation tend t o negate the p otential con t r i bu t i on o f the calibrati on laborat ory As a cons equence there is a substanti al void between the world o f the standards laboratory and that of the fi eld us ers

As a r e sult of recent NBS e ff or t it is n ow possibl e for an important group o f measurement probl ems to provide the user with improved accuracy (o r accuracy potential) without imp osing th e condition that the conn e ctors on his equipment or gear be conshyverted to some p r e c i s i ori ( ) t yp e To be mor e sp eci fi c the measurement o f power and r elated p arameters can n ow be e ffected in a way which s ubs t an t i a l l y minimi ze s the dependenc e upon conshynector properti es In a recent e xp e r i men t fo r exampl e the ordin ary Type N connect or per formed as well as the GPC-7 an d sub stantially better than ce rtain Lmpro ve d Type N connectors

It must be a dmi t t e d however that the reali zation of this bene fit does call fo r s ome re-direction of existin g practice In parshyticular thi s ins ensitivity t o connector properti e s i s a ch ie ved on l y f or certain terminal i nva r i an t parameters o r meas ur an ds Thes e include f or e xample the e f fe ct i ve eff i c i en cy of a bol ometer mount but n ot the c a l i bra t i on f ac t or Apar t f rom the initi al chan ge ove r probl ems h owe ve r the us e of the terminal invariant parameters as the basis f or a cal i bra t i on service provide s certain advan t ages i n additi on t o e l i mi n a t ion of the precisi on connector requirement In particul ar a s ub s tan t i a l simpli fication in the proce dures for the evaluati on of mi smatch corrections i s re alized

By way o f comparis on it may be noted th at the e xi sting practice is heavily ori ented in the di recti on of telling the user how his de v i ce would behave in an ide al world (Name ly one where a ll other components are perfectl y matched or re flectionless and fitt ed with i deal connectors ) More ove r the standards lab orato r y usually e xp ends a substanti al eff or t to in sure th at its calibration systems c l ose ly appr oximate these criteria

Unfortunatel y the us er who wi shes t o make optimum use of s uch calibration r esults must f i r s t de t e r mi ne to what e x t en t his s ystem di ffers from thos e f oun d in the ideal world The answers t o thes e questions involve rtmismat ch co r re ct i on s Thes e in turn require compl e x impedance me asurements an d computations which are often be yond the field personnel

The implicit r eference to an i de a l worl d may b e avo i ded when terminal invari ant quantiti es are chos en as the b asis of th e calibration s ervice In particul ar the procedure is to cali shybr ate the di f f erent t ype s of components (eg b olometer mounts a t t enua t or s etc ) in t erms of cert ain fund amental properti es which are the same irre spective of the sys t em in which the component i s us ed and moreover which do not pre suppo se that the comp onent is f i t t ed with ide al wave guide l eads The

26

mismatch corrections now takes the form of evaluating cer t a i n Lnt e r ac t i on terms between the component and the system in which it is used Although this falls to the lot of the us r and does require some effort the requirement for complex impedance measurements has been eliminated When these proposed changes are adopted the role of the user who wishes to make the best use of the calibration results is thus simplified while the accuracy potential for the user who ignores these corrections is nominally the same

The theoretical background for these remarks will be found in the writers paper Powe r Equations A New Concept in the Descriptions and Evaluation of Microwave Systems (IEEE Trans on Instr and Meas Vol 1M-20 Feb 1971)

From wh a t has been said it will be recognized that the major thrust of this effort is to make better use of existing hardware rather than ti e improved accuracy to more stringent hardware specifications

Although the development and extension of these concepts is continuing at NBS the basic groundwork is well established and promises to play a major role in tomorrows I world It appears that the c a l i b r a t i on laboratories could provide a real service by introducing the user groups to these ideas

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

(See Calibration

INSTRUII~NT

Electronic Counter

Electronic Counter

Differential Voltmeter

Differential Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Digital Voltmeter

Generator

Generator

Generator

Oscillator

Oscillator

Oscilloscope

Osc i lloscope

Oscilloscope

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Oscilloscope Plug-In

Pressure Gauge

Pressure Gauge

18

TABLE 1

Systems Management Committee

~IANUFACTunEH

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

John Fluke

John Fluke

Dana

Fairchild

Hewlett Packard

Non-Linear Systems

Hewlett Packard

IIewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Ilewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

Tektronix

nshcr-o r t

Kollsman

Report)

MODEL

524

5245L

80lB

803803B

5600

7050

34403440 series plug-in

481

205A

612A

620A

200CD

650A

175

535

545

CC A

D

lA Series

Various

Various

19 COST AVOIDANCEREDUCTION REPORT

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABOR ATORIES

REVA ORIGINA L SUBMITTAL

REFEREN CE NCSL REPORT NO

COMPA NY I DIVISI ON NCSL REPORT NO

TITLE DATE

OLD METHOD

NEW METHOD

ESTIMATED ACTUAL IF AVAILABLE

NUMBER OF UNITS INVOLVED

TIME SAVINGS PER UNIT mnhrs mnhrs

MAT ERIAL SAVINGS PER UNIT $ $

fiHER SAVINGS $ $

IMPLEMENT AT ION COST S $ $

CONT RIBUTOR IIMPLEMENTATION DAT E NCSL DELEG ATE SIGNATU RE

20

Committee 3-D -- Education and Training Committee

Chairman M H Brenner of The Boeing Company

Scope To provide instructions and procedures for the effective training and education of personnel for metrology laboratories

The Committee has obtained two texts and are reviewing them Concurrently two items of test equipment have been donated by the Beckman Instrument Company and are being processed by the Committees coordinator Dr Morgan Annual objectives have been revised such that the analysis and comment of training texts will be processed and made available to NCSL members as they are completed rather than one annual issue at the conclusion of the year The committee is now targeted to release two such analyses by November 15 1971

The Committee is still seeking members training texts for reviews and any surplus test equipment Contributions of potential members names books or surplus test equipment can be made to any of the listed committee members

M H Brenner Dr Donald E Morgan Head The Boeing Company Dept of Industrial Engineering Metrology Se r vi ce Calif State Polytechnic College Or gn 24720 ]vj S 2P12 San Luis Obispo Calif 93401 Seattle Washington 98124

Robert Wille t Dr Peter Stein Collins Radio Company Arizona State University Cedar Rapids Iowa 53406 Tempe Arizona 85281

D J Franke Carroll G Hughes 902 Appling Avenue Westinghouse Electric Corp Placentia Calif 92670 Box 746 -- MS 550

Baltimore Maryland 21203 Joseph Davis Bendix Company PO Box 1159 Kans as Ci t y Mo

21

COMMUNICATI ON S ampMARKETING COMMITTEES - - W H McPh ee

Committee 4-A -- News le t t e r Committe e

Chairman Wilbur An son of Na t i on a l Bu r eau o f Standards

This issue of th e Newsletter r ep orts f or itself -- issue was del ayed not by th e editor but b y the n ece ssity of wa i t i ng f o r el e ction r eturns on our off conference year May we make this an appe a l for mor e inputs from our membe r laboratori es del egates

Committe e 4-B - - Directory Committe e

Ch airman Le wi s Wears of John Hopkins University

Lewis r eports th e n ew directory to be r e ady for distribution in the v ery near future after a revision of information and f ee d i ng th e comp uter -- an operation that wi l l make futur e directori es e asi er to e d i t

Committ e e 4 -C -- Information Committee

Chairman Robert Verity o f Le eds ampNo r t h r up Co

Bob is now back in circulation followin g an ex t e n de d period of NCS L inactivity c a us e d by l abor probl ems within his c omp a ny

Committe e 4- D -- Calibration Procedures Committ e e

Chairman Martin Vyenielo of Lawrence Radi ation Labo r a t o r y

Marty was r ecently appointed t o the GIDEP Industry advisory bo ard with speci al interest in c alibration procedures distribushytion GIDEP i s working tow ard a pro gram to improve the calibration p ro ce du r e s quality and content They a re presently involved i n a se r ie s o f indoctrinati on clinics NCSL is cooperating in this by p re s e n t i ng the calibration p ro ce d ure s asp e c t of their e f f o r t To date Ch airman Vyeni e10 and Vice President Wesl ey Mc Phee have participated on the East and West coast -- other a reas are s che d ule d GIDEP welcomes ideas for improvin g the c a l i b r a t ion procedures distribution -- submit comments and ideas through the Ch airman or through the ALERT s ystem s et up for r eporting prob l em areas

22

Committ ee 4-E -- Recommended Practices Committe e

Chairman Elmo R Johnson of U S Navy

Al l r ecommended practices submitted have b een distributed for board members app r ov a l prior to gen e ral distribution for insertion in the information manu al in the near futur e El mo has ch anged h ats and is pres ently with the Navy Chief of Naval Material s 740 Crystal Plaza Jeffe r s on Davis Hi ghway Washington DC 20360

I~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbull middot~~~ bullbull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

CPEM 72

Conference on Pr ec i s i on Ele ctroma gnetic Measure ments wi l l b e held June 26 -29 197 2 at Boulder Colorado

A call for papers has been issued For information relatin g to the t echnical program write t o

Dr Harold S Boyne Radio Building Room 4075 Nat i on al Bureau of St anda r ds Boulder Colorado 80302

For gene r a l information on the Conference write to

Ge orge Goulette Director Bureau of Conferences and Institure s University of Colorado Boulder Col orado 8030 2

23

O I N T

MEASUREME T

ONFERENCE June 21-23 1972 at Boulder Colorado

STEERING COMMITTEE PLEASE REPLY TO

JOINT MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE A J Woodington Chaiman

rC~n poundr ~ 1 U tl3 f111 C5 ~Ofl a ~ Aogt n H p c e lt) ) PRESS RELEASE

Am~ -ic n Soc I e ty tor O II y (on p)1

A J oint Measurement Conference the first in a potential series will be held June 21-23 1972 at Boulder

Andrew F Dunn Colorado The keynote of the Conference - THE ROLE AND N H I 0 I ee s e a r c h Co nlt1 o f L ana d a

l n s t s t c t e fo r Ele trc 1 VALUE OF MEASUREMENT - is also the theme of the opening ~ tl ogttt ro n 1( l (l~l neer s

address to be presented by Lewis M Branscomb Director o f the National Bureau of Standards US Department of Conunerce

Ptr K Stein ( Afl lon a S t e t c Ul ~H ~ t ~)

IA~ t T urIle~ ~o C I j o le r lC The joint aspects of this Conference are indicated by the list of sponsors

Ameri can Society for Qua l i t y Control - Electronics W ilbur J Anson DivisionMetrology Technical Conunittee

( p I)n 1 ~u tJ u r ~ 1 ne l( j ~ rh t l o llal vc n t e r e nc e o j S l noj r d Le oo r Lor 11(1 Institute for Electrical and Electronics

Engineers-Group on Instrumentation and Measurement

A K Edgerton Instrument Society o f America-Metrology Division s e e c q ~ l o r e ll ~ n t 10 5 50gtlt I 1 10 11

National Bureau of Standards

National Conference of Standards Laboratories

Joseph M Cameron Precision Measurements Association gtjH Onl Bu-ta u o S la n(lardi

The purpose of the meeting is to promote the intershydisciplinary exchange of technical and managerial meas-

Helmut A Altschuler urement co n ce p t s The underlying theme i s that ideally l q ~~~ ~~~~f ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~ Technical personnel should utilize the Measurement

1l ~ ( V OrM 9 H ( H ~alulemeH ~ science concepts in all phases of product evolution shyresearch design devel opment manufacturing maintenance and quality control The techniques of a systems a p proach to accurate meaningful measurements will be emphasized as a powerful tool for both Management and Technical personnel The sessions will stress that many if not all measurement disciplines are required in the solution of softwarehardware oriented measurement problems

The Conference to be held at the NBS Boulder Laboratories is organized into 6 consecutive half-day sessions The general topic of the first day The Why of Measurement is explored in sessions on The Measurement Effort as a Resour ce for Management and as a Technical Res ource The How of Mea surement is covered in sessions on Physical Processes in Sensors Transducers Detectors and Intershydisciplinary Solutions to Problems and the Where of Measurement is discussed in sessions on Systems Metrology and Measurement-Oriented Engineers from our Campuses

Attendees of the Joint Measurement Con f e r e n c e have the opp o r t un i t y to take in a conference doubleheader as the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurement meets in Boulder June 26-29

24

STANDARDS LABORATORIES WITHER OR NOT

DO YOU HAVE A RE ACTION

President Hayes posed challenging questions in his editori al in the June NCSL News l e t t e r Essentially its a matter of standshyards labor atories demonstrating an impact upon their companys product For some st and ards laboratories it could be a matter of survival The crucial question is Can the qu ality and consistency of a companys product be maintained without the existence of a company standards laboratory

One type of r eaction containing a t echnical approach is contained in the letter Glenn Engen wr ote me How ab out it -shyDoes anyone else have a reaction to either the Hayes editorial my comments above or Glenn Engens l etter If so then write to me and maybe we can promote an interchange of viewpoints via the Newsletter

Wilbur Anson Edi tor

U OEPA TMENT OF COMMERCE Nationa l Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

To W J Anson Editor NCSL Newsletter

From G F En gen Electromagnetics Division NBS

Sub je c t Comment on Hayes Recent Edi t or i a l

President Hayes has pos ed a real chall en ge to those of us in st andards laboratories In a word the questi on is What c an we do to improve our relevance

The purp ose of this l etter is to call attention t o the r esults of s ome recent work at NBS which n ow makes pos s i b le a mor e meaningful interacti on between the calibration laborat ory an d the groups it serves

Historically a major obstacl e to this interaction has be en the connector problem Until r ecently p r e c i s Lon connect ors have been regarded as an e s s en t i al e le men t to accurat e measurements at UHF and microwave frequencies and their use has been adopted and promoted by standards laboratories

On the o t he r hand the field equipment is usually provided with a different c onn e ct or This confronts the us er with the probl em of e i t he r converting his e qu i pmen t to the pr e c i s i on connector or with an a dap t or e val uat ion prob Lem The f ormer s 01 ut ion II is

25

usually impossibl e for e con omi c or ot he r practical reasons while the probl ems asso c i a te d with adaptor evaluation tend t o negate the p otential con t r i bu t i on o f the calibrati on laborat ory As a cons equence there is a substanti al void between the world o f the standards laboratory and that of the fi eld us ers

As a r e sult of recent NBS e ff or t it is n ow possibl e for an important group o f measurement probl ems to provide the user with improved accuracy (o r accuracy potential) without imp osing th e condition that the conn e ctors on his equipment or gear be conshyverted to some p r e c i s i ori ( ) t yp e To be mor e sp eci fi c the measurement o f power and r elated p arameters can n ow be e ffected in a way which s ubs t an t i a l l y minimi ze s the dependenc e upon conshynector properti es In a recent e xp e r i men t fo r exampl e the ordin ary Type N connect or per formed as well as the GPC-7 an d sub stantially better than ce rtain Lmpro ve d Type N connectors

It must be a dmi t t e d however that the reali zation of this bene fit does call fo r s ome re-direction of existin g practice In parshyticular thi s ins ensitivity t o connector properti e s i s a ch ie ved on l y f or certain terminal i nva r i an t parameters o r meas ur an ds Thes e include f or e xample the e f fe ct i ve eff i c i en cy of a bol ometer mount but n ot the c a l i bra t i on f ac t or Apar t f rom the initi al chan ge ove r probl ems h owe ve r the us e of the terminal invariant parameters as the basis f or a cal i bra t i on service provide s certain advan t ages i n additi on t o e l i mi n a t ion of the precisi on connector requirement In particul ar a s ub s tan t i a l simpli fication in the proce dures for the evaluati on of mi smatch corrections i s re alized

By way o f comparis on it may be noted th at the e xi sting practice is heavily ori ented in the di recti on of telling the user how his de v i ce would behave in an ide al world (Name ly one where a ll other components are perfectl y matched or re flectionless and fitt ed with i deal connectors ) More ove r the standards lab orato r y usually e xp ends a substanti al eff or t to in sure th at its calibration systems c l ose ly appr oximate these criteria

Unfortunatel y the us er who wi shes t o make optimum use of s uch calibration r esults must f i r s t de t e r mi ne to what e x t en t his s ystem di ffers from thos e f oun d in the ideal world The answers t o thes e questions involve rtmismat ch co r re ct i on s Thes e in turn require compl e x impedance me asurements an d computations which are often be yond the field personnel

The implicit r eference to an i de a l worl d may b e avo i ded when terminal invari ant quantiti es are chos en as the b asis of th e calibration s ervice In particul ar the procedure is to cali shybr ate the di f f erent t ype s of components (eg b olometer mounts a t t enua t or s etc ) in t erms of cert ain fund amental properti es which are the same irre spective of the sys t em in which the component i s us ed and moreover which do not pre suppo se that the comp onent is f i t t ed with ide al wave guide l eads The

26

mismatch corrections now takes the form of evaluating cer t a i n Lnt e r ac t i on terms between the component and the system in which it is used Although this falls to the lot of the us r and does require some effort the requirement for complex impedance measurements has been eliminated When these proposed changes are adopted the role of the user who wishes to make the best use of the calibration results is thus simplified while the accuracy potential for the user who ignores these corrections is nominally the same

The theoretical background for these remarks will be found in the writers paper Powe r Equations A New Concept in the Descriptions and Evaluation of Microwave Systems (IEEE Trans on Instr and Meas Vol 1M-20 Feb 1971)

From wh a t has been said it will be recognized that the major thrust of this effort is to make better use of existing hardware rather than ti e improved accuracy to more stringent hardware specifications

Although the development and extension of these concepts is continuing at NBS the basic groundwork is well established and promises to play a major role in tomorrows I world It appears that the c a l i b r a t i on laboratories could provide a real service by introducing the user groups to these ideas

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

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HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

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20

Committee 3-D -- Education and Training Committee

Chairman M H Brenner of The Boeing Company

Scope To provide instructions and procedures for the effective training and education of personnel for metrology laboratories

The Committee has obtained two texts and are reviewing them Concurrently two items of test equipment have been donated by the Beckman Instrument Company and are being processed by the Committees coordinator Dr Morgan Annual objectives have been revised such that the analysis and comment of training texts will be processed and made available to NCSL members as they are completed rather than one annual issue at the conclusion of the year The committee is now targeted to release two such analyses by November 15 1971

The Committee is still seeking members training texts for reviews and any surplus test equipment Contributions of potential members names books or surplus test equipment can be made to any of the listed committee members

M H Brenner Dr Donald E Morgan Head The Boeing Company Dept of Industrial Engineering Metrology Se r vi ce Calif State Polytechnic College Or gn 24720 ]vj S 2P12 San Luis Obispo Calif 93401 Seattle Washington 98124

Robert Wille t Dr Peter Stein Collins Radio Company Arizona State University Cedar Rapids Iowa 53406 Tempe Arizona 85281

D J Franke Carroll G Hughes 902 Appling Avenue Westinghouse Electric Corp Placentia Calif 92670 Box 746 -- MS 550

Baltimore Maryland 21203 Joseph Davis Bendix Company PO Box 1159 Kans as Ci t y Mo

21

COMMUNICATI ON S ampMARKETING COMMITTEES - - W H McPh ee

Committee 4-A -- News le t t e r Committe e

Chairman Wilbur An son of Na t i on a l Bu r eau o f Standards

This issue of th e Newsletter r ep orts f or itself -- issue was del ayed not by th e editor but b y the n ece ssity of wa i t i ng f o r el e ction r eturns on our off conference year May we make this an appe a l for mor e inputs from our membe r laboratori es del egates

Committe e 4-B - - Directory Committe e

Ch airman Le wi s Wears of John Hopkins University

Lewis r eports th e n ew directory to be r e ady for distribution in the v ery near future after a revision of information and f ee d i ng th e comp uter -- an operation that wi l l make futur e directori es e asi er to e d i t

Committ e e 4 -C -- Information Committee

Chairman Robert Verity o f Le eds ampNo r t h r up Co

Bob is now back in circulation followin g an ex t e n de d period of NCS L inactivity c a us e d by l abor probl ems within his c omp a ny

Committe e 4- D -- Calibration Procedures Committ e e

Chairman Martin Vyenielo of Lawrence Radi ation Labo r a t o r y

Marty was r ecently appointed t o the GIDEP Industry advisory bo ard with speci al interest in c alibration procedures distribushytion GIDEP i s working tow ard a pro gram to improve the calibration p ro ce du r e s quality and content They a re presently involved i n a se r ie s o f indoctrinati on clinics NCSL is cooperating in this by p re s e n t i ng the calibration p ro ce d ure s asp e c t of their e f f o r t To date Ch airman Vyeni e10 and Vice President Wesl ey Mc Phee have participated on the East and West coast -- other a reas are s che d ule d GIDEP welcomes ideas for improvin g the c a l i b r a t ion procedures distribution -- submit comments and ideas through the Ch airman or through the ALERT s ystem s et up for r eporting prob l em areas

22

Committ ee 4-E -- Recommended Practices Committe e

Chairman Elmo R Johnson of U S Navy

Al l r ecommended practices submitted have b een distributed for board members app r ov a l prior to gen e ral distribution for insertion in the information manu al in the near futur e El mo has ch anged h ats and is pres ently with the Navy Chief of Naval Material s 740 Crystal Plaza Jeffe r s on Davis Hi ghway Washington DC 20360

I~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbull middot~~~ bullbull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

CPEM 72

Conference on Pr ec i s i on Ele ctroma gnetic Measure ments wi l l b e held June 26 -29 197 2 at Boulder Colorado

A call for papers has been issued For information relatin g to the t echnical program write t o

Dr Harold S Boyne Radio Building Room 4075 Nat i on al Bureau of St anda r ds Boulder Colorado 80302

For gene r a l information on the Conference write to

Ge orge Goulette Director Bureau of Conferences and Institure s University of Colorado Boulder Col orado 8030 2

23

O I N T

MEASUREME T

ONFERENCE June 21-23 1972 at Boulder Colorado

STEERING COMMITTEE PLEASE REPLY TO

JOINT MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE A J Woodington Chaiman

rC~n poundr ~ 1 U tl3 f111 C5 ~Ofl a ~ Aogt n H p c e lt) ) PRESS RELEASE

Am~ -ic n Soc I e ty tor O II y (on p)1

A J oint Measurement Conference the first in a potential series will be held June 21-23 1972 at Boulder

Andrew F Dunn Colorado The keynote of the Conference - THE ROLE AND N H I 0 I ee s e a r c h Co nlt1 o f L ana d a

l n s t s t c t e fo r Ele trc 1 VALUE OF MEASUREMENT - is also the theme of the opening ~ tl ogttt ro n 1( l (l~l neer s

address to be presented by Lewis M Branscomb Director o f the National Bureau of Standards US Department of Conunerce

Ptr K Stein ( Afl lon a S t e t c Ul ~H ~ t ~)

IA~ t T urIle~ ~o C I j o le r lC The joint aspects of this Conference are indicated by the list of sponsors

Ameri can Society for Qua l i t y Control - Electronics W ilbur J Anson DivisionMetrology Technical Conunittee

( p I)n 1 ~u tJ u r ~ 1 ne l( j ~ rh t l o llal vc n t e r e nc e o j S l noj r d Le oo r Lor 11(1 Institute for Electrical and Electronics

Engineers-Group on Instrumentation and Measurement

A K Edgerton Instrument Society o f America-Metrology Division s e e c q ~ l o r e ll ~ n t 10 5 50gtlt I 1 10 11

National Bureau of Standards

National Conference of Standards Laboratories

Joseph M Cameron Precision Measurements Association gtjH Onl Bu-ta u o S la n(lardi

The purpose of the meeting is to promote the intershydisciplinary exchange of technical and managerial meas-

Helmut A Altschuler urement co n ce p t s The underlying theme i s that ideally l q ~~~ ~~~~f ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~ Technical personnel should utilize the Measurement

1l ~ ( V OrM 9 H ( H ~alulemeH ~ science concepts in all phases of product evolution shyresearch design devel opment manufacturing maintenance and quality control The techniques of a systems a p proach to accurate meaningful measurements will be emphasized as a powerful tool for both Management and Technical personnel The sessions will stress that many if not all measurement disciplines are required in the solution of softwarehardware oriented measurement problems

The Conference to be held at the NBS Boulder Laboratories is organized into 6 consecutive half-day sessions The general topic of the first day The Why of Measurement is explored in sessions on The Measurement Effort as a Resour ce for Management and as a Technical Res ource The How of Mea surement is covered in sessions on Physical Processes in Sensors Transducers Detectors and Intershydisciplinary Solutions to Problems and the Where of Measurement is discussed in sessions on Systems Metrology and Measurement-Oriented Engineers from our Campuses

Attendees of the Joint Measurement Con f e r e n c e have the opp o r t un i t y to take in a conference doubleheader as the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurement meets in Boulder June 26-29

24

STANDARDS LABORATORIES WITHER OR NOT

DO YOU HAVE A RE ACTION

President Hayes posed challenging questions in his editori al in the June NCSL News l e t t e r Essentially its a matter of standshyards labor atories demonstrating an impact upon their companys product For some st and ards laboratories it could be a matter of survival The crucial question is Can the qu ality and consistency of a companys product be maintained without the existence of a company standards laboratory

One type of r eaction containing a t echnical approach is contained in the letter Glenn Engen wr ote me How ab out it -shyDoes anyone else have a reaction to either the Hayes editorial my comments above or Glenn Engens l etter If so then write to me and maybe we can promote an interchange of viewpoints via the Newsletter

Wilbur Anson Edi tor

U OEPA TMENT OF COMMERCE Nationa l Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

To W J Anson Editor NCSL Newsletter

From G F En gen Electromagnetics Division NBS

Sub je c t Comment on Hayes Recent Edi t or i a l

President Hayes has pos ed a real chall en ge to those of us in st andards laboratories In a word the questi on is What c an we do to improve our relevance

The purp ose of this l etter is to call attention t o the r esults of s ome recent work at NBS which n ow makes pos s i b le a mor e meaningful interacti on between the calibration laborat ory an d the groups it serves

Historically a major obstacl e to this interaction has be en the connector problem Until r ecently p r e c i s Lon connect ors have been regarded as an e s s en t i al e le men t to accurat e measurements at UHF and microwave frequencies and their use has been adopted and promoted by standards laboratories

On the o t he r hand the field equipment is usually provided with a different c onn e ct or This confronts the us er with the probl em of e i t he r converting his e qu i pmen t to the pr e c i s i on connector or with an a dap t or e val uat ion prob Lem The f ormer s 01 ut ion II is

25

usually impossibl e for e con omi c or ot he r practical reasons while the probl ems asso c i a te d with adaptor evaluation tend t o negate the p otential con t r i bu t i on o f the calibrati on laborat ory As a cons equence there is a substanti al void between the world o f the standards laboratory and that of the fi eld us ers

As a r e sult of recent NBS e ff or t it is n ow possibl e for an important group o f measurement probl ems to provide the user with improved accuracy (o r accuracy potential) without imp osing th e condition that the conn e ctors on his equipment or gear be conshyverted to some p r e c i s i ori ( ) t yp e To be mor e sp eci fi c the measurement o f power and r elated p arameters can n ow be e ffected in a way which s ubs t an t i a l l y minimi ze s the dependenc e upon conshynector properti es In a recent e xp e r i men t fo r exampl e the ordin ary Type N connect or per formed as well as the GPC-7 an d sub stantially better than ce rtain Lmpro ve d Type N connectors

It must be a dmi t t e d however that the reali zation of this bene fit does call fo r s ome re-direction of existin g practice In parshyticular thi s ins ensitivity t o connector properti e s i s a ch ie ved on l y f or certain terminal i nva r i an t parameters o r meas ur an ds Thes e include f or e xample the e f fe ct i ve eff i c i en cy of a bol ometer mount but n ot the c a l i bra t i on f ac t or Apar t f rom the initi al chan ge ove r probl ems h owe ve r the us e of the terminal invariant parameters as the basis f or a cal i bra t i on service provide s certain advan t ages i n additi on t o e l i mi n a t ion of the precisi on connector requirement In particul ar a s ub s tan t i a l simpli fication in the proce dures for the evaluati on of mi smatch corrections i s re alized

By way o f comparis on it may be noted th at the e xi sting practice is heavily ori ented in the di recti on of telling the user how his de v i ce would behave in an ide al world (Name ly one where a ll other components are perfectl y matched or re flectionless and fitt ed with i deal connectors ) More ove r the standards lab orato r y usually e xp ends a substanti al eff or t to in sure th at its calibration systems c l ose ly appr oximate these criteria

Unfortunatel y the us er who wi shes t o make optimum use of s uch calibration r esults must f i r s t de t e r mi ne to what e x t en t his s ystem di ffers from thos e f oun d in the ideal world The answers t o thes e questions involve rtmismat ch co r re ct i on s Thes e in turn require compl e x impedance me asurements an d computations which are often be yond the field personnel

The implicit r eference to an i de a l worl d may b e avo i ded when terminal invari ant quantiti es are chos en as the b asis of th e calibration s ervice In particul ar the procedure is to cali shybr ate the di f f erent t ype s of components (eg b olometer mounts a t t enua t or s etc ) in t erms of cert ain fund amental properti es which are the same irre spective of the sys t em in which the component i s us ed and moreover which do not pre suppo se that the comp onent is f i t t ed with ide al wave guide l eads The

26

mismatch corrections now takes the form of evaluating cer t a i n Lnt e r ac t i on terms between the component and the system in which it is used Although this falls to the lot of the us r and does require some effort the requirement for complex impedance measurements has been eliminated When these proposed changes are adopted the role of the user who wishes to make the best use of the calibration results is thus simplified while the accuracy potential for the user who ignores these corrections is nominally the same

The theoretical background for these remarks will be found in the writers paper Powe r Equations A New Concept in the Descriptions and Evaluation of Microwave Systems (IEEE Trans on Instr and Meas Vol 1M-20 Feb 1971)

From wh a t has been said it will be recognized that the major thrust of this effort is to make better use of existing hardware rather than ti e improved accuracy to more stringent hardware specifications

Although the development and extension of these concepts is continuing at NBS the basic groundwork is well established and promises to play a major role in tomorrows I world It appears that the c a l i b r a t i on laboratories could provide a real service by introducing the user groups to these ideas

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

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HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

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--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

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Committee 3-D -- Education and Training Committee

Chairman M H Brenner of The Boeing Company

Scope To provide instructions and procedures for the effective training and education of personnel for metrology laboratories

The Committee has obtained two texts and are reviewing them Concurrently two items of test equipment have been donated by the Beckman Instrument Company and are being processed by the Committees coordinator Dr Morgan Annual objectives have been revised such that the analysis and comment of training texts will be processed and made available to NCSL members as they are completed rather than one annual issue at the conclusion of the year The committee is now targeted to release two such analyses by November 15 1971

The Committee is still seeking members training texts for reviews and any surplus test equipment Contributions of potential members names books or surplus test equipment can be made to any of the listed committee members

M H Brenner Dr Donald E Morgan Head The Boeing Company Dept of Industrial Engineering Metrology Se r vi ce Calif State Polytechnic College Or gn 24720 ]vj S 2P12 San Luis Obispo Calif 93401 Seattle Washington 98124

Robert Wille t Dr Peter Stein Collins Radio Company Arizona State University Cedar Rapids Iowa 53406 Tempe Arizona 85281

D J Franke Carroll G Hughes 902 Appling Avenue Westinghouse Electric Corp Placentia Calif 92670 Box 746 -- MS 550

Baltimore Maryland 21203 Joseph Davis Bendix Company PO Box 1159 Kans as Ci t y Mo

21

COMMUNICATI ON S ampMARKETING COMMITTEES - - W H McPh ee

Committee 4-A -- News le t t e r Committe e

Chairman Wilbur An son of Na t i on a l Bu r eau o f Standards

This issue of th e Newsletter r ep orts f or itself -- issue was del ayed not by th e editor but b y the n ece ssity of wa i t i ng f o r el e ction r eturns on our off conference year May we make this an appe a l for mor e inputs from our membe r laboratori es del egates

Committe e 4-B - - Directory Committe e

Ch airman Le wi s Wears of John Hopkins University

Lewis r eports th e n ew directory to be r e ady for distribution in the v ery near future after a revision of information and f ee d i ng th e comp uter -- an operation that wi l l make futur e directori es e asi er to e d i t

Committ e e 4 -C -- Information Committee

Chairman Robert Verity o f Le eds ampNo r t h r up Co

Bob is now back in circulation followin g an ex t e n de d period of NCS L inactivity c a us e d by l abor probl ems within his c omp a ny

Committe e 4- D -- Calibration Procedures Committ e e

Chairman Martin Vyenielo of Lawrence Radi ation Labo r a t o r y

Marty was r ecently appointed t o the GIDEP Industry advisory bo ard with speci al interest in c alibration procedures distribushytion GIDEP i s working tow ard a pro gram to improve the calibration p ro ce du r e s quality and content They a re presently involved i n a se r ie s o f indoctrinati on clinics NCSL is cooperating in this by p re s e n t i ng the calibration p ro ce d ure s asp e c t of their e f f o r t To date Ch airman Vyeni e10 and Vice President Wesl ey Mc Phee have participated on the East and West coast -- other a reas are s che d ule d GIDEP welcomes ideas for improvin g the c a l i b r a t ion procedures distribution -- submit comments and ideas through the Ch airman or through the ALERT s ystem s et up for r eporting prob l em areas

22

Committ ee 4-E -- Recommended Practices Committe e

Chairman Elmo R Johnson of U S Navy

Al l r ecommended practices submitted have b een distributed for board members app r ov a l prior to gen e ral distribution for insertion in the information manu al in the near futur e El mo has ch anged h ats and is pres ently with the Navy Chief of Naval Material s 740 Crystal Plaza Jeffe r s on Davis Hi ghway Washington DC 20360

I~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbull middot~~~ bullbull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

CPEM 72

Conference on Pr ec i s i on Ele ctroma gnetic Measure ments wi l l b e held June 26 -29 197 2 at Boulder Colorado

A call for papers has been issued For information relatin g to the t echnical program write t o

Dr Harold S Boyne Radio Building Room 4075 Nat i on al Bureau of St anda r ds Boulder Colorado 80302

For gene r a l information on the Conference write to

Ge orge Goulette Director Bureau of Conferences and Institure s University of Colorado Boulder Col orado 8030 2

23

O I N T

MEASUREME T

ONFERENCE June 21-23 1972 at Boulder Colorado

STEERING COMMITTEE PLEASE REPLY TO

JOINT MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE A J Woodington Chaiman

rC~n poundr ~ 1 U tl3 f111 C5 ~Ofl a ~ Aogt n H p c e lt) ) PRESS RELEASE

Am~ -ic n Soc I e ty tor O II y (on p)1

A J oint Measurement Conference the first in a potential series will be held June 21-23 1972 at Boulder

Andrew F Dunn Colorado The keynote of the Conference - THE ROLE AND N H I 0 I ee s e a r c h Co nlt1 o f L ana d a

l n s t s t c t e fo r Ele trc 1 VALUE OF MEASUREMENT - is also the theme of the opening ~ tl ogttt ro n 1( l (l~l neer s

address to be presented by Lewis M Branscomb Director o f the National Bureau of Standards US Department of Conunerce

Ptr K Stein ( Afl lon a S t e t c Ul ~H ~ t ~)

IA~ t T urIle~ ~o C I j o le r lC The joint aspects of this Conference are indicated by the list of sponsors

Ameri can Society for Qua l i t y Control - Electronics W ilbur J Anson DivisionMetrology Technical Conunittee

( p I)n 1 ~u tJ u r ~ 1 ne l( j ~ rh t l o llal vc n t e r e nc e o j S l noj r d Le oo r Lor 11(1 Institute for Electrical and Electronics

Engineers-Group on Instrumentation and Measurement

A K Edgerton Instrument Society o f America-Metrology Division s e e c q ~ l o r e ll ~ n t 10 5 50gtlt I 1 10 11

National Bureau of Standards

National Conference of Standards Laboratories

Joseph M Cameron Precision Measurements Association gtjH Onl Bu-ta u o S la n(lardi

The purpose of the meeting is to promote the intershydisciplinary exchange of technical and managerial meas-

Helmut A Altschuler urement co n ce p t s The underlying theme i s that ideally l q ~~~ ~~~~f ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~ Technical personnel should utilize the Measurement

1l ~ ( V OrM 9 H ( H ~alulemeH ~ science concepts in all phases of product evolution shyresearch design devel opment manufacturing maintenance and quality control The techniques of a systems a p proach to accurate meaningful measurements will be emphasized as a powerful tool for both Management and Technical personnel The sessions will stress that many if not all measurement disciplines are required in the solution of softwarehardware oriented measurement problems

The Conference to be held at the NBS Boulder Laboratories is organized into 6 consecutive half-day sessions The general topic of the first day The Why of Measurement is explored in sessions on The Measurement Effort as a Resour ce for Management and as a Technical Res ource The How of Mea surement is covered in sessions on Physical Processes in Sensors Transducers Detectors and Intershydisciplinary Solutions to Problems and the Where of Measurement is discussed in sessions on Systems Metrology and Measurement-Oriented Engineers from our Campuses

Attendees of the Joint Measurement Con f e r e n c e have the opp o r t un i t y to take in a conference doubleheader as the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurement meets in Boulder June 26-29

24

STANDARDS LABORATORIES WITHER OR NOT

DO YOU HAVE A RE ACTION

President Hayes posed challenging questions in his editori al in the June NCSL News l e t t e r Essentially its a matter of standshyards labor atories demonstrating an impact upon their companys product For some st and ards laboratories it could be a matter of survival The crucial question is Can the qu ality and consistency of a companys product be maintained without the existence of a company standards laboratory

One type of r eaction containing a t echnical approach is contained in the letter Glenn Engen wr ote me How ab out it -shyDoes anyone else have a reaction to either the Hayes editorial my comments above or Glenn Engens l etter If so then write to me and maybe we can promote an interchange of viewpoints via the Newsletter

Wilbur Anson Edi tor

U OEPA TMENT OF COMMERCE Nationa l Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

To W J Anson Editor NCSL Newsletter

From G F En gen Electromagnetics Division NBS

Sub je c t Comment on Hayes Recent Edi t or i a l

President Hayes has pos ed a real chall en ge to those of us in st andards laboratories In a word the questi on is What c an we do to improve our relevance

The purp ose of this l etter is to call attention t o the r esults of s ome recent work at NBS which n ow makes pos s i b le a mor e meaningful interacti on between the calibration laborat ory an d the groups it serves

Historically a major obstacl e to this interaction has be en the connector problem Until r ecently p r e c i s Lon connect ors have been regarded as an e s s en t i al e le men t to accurat e measurements at UHF and microwave frequencies and their use has been adopted and promoted by standards laboratories

On the o t he r hand the field equipment is usually provided with a different c onn e ct or This confronts the us er with the probl em of e i t he r converting his e qu i pmen t to the pr e c i s i on connector or with an a dap t or e val uat ion prob Lem The f ormer s 01 ut ion II is

25

usually impossibl e for e con omi c or ot he r practical reasons while the probl ems asso c i a te d with adaptor evaluation tend t o negate the p otential con t r i bu t i on o f the calibrati on laborat ory As a cons equence there is a substanti al void between the world o f the standards laboratory and that of the fi eld us ers

As a r e sult of recent NBS e ff or t it is n ow possibl e for an important group o f measurement probl ems to provide the user with improved accuracy (o r accuracy potential) without imp osing th e condition that the conn e ctors on his equipment or gear be conshyverted to some p r e c i s i ori ( ) t yp e To be mor e sp eci fi c the measurement o f power and r elated p arameters can n ow be e ffected in a way which s ubs t an t i a l l y minimi ze s the dependenc e upon conshynector properti es In a recent e xp e r i men t fo r exampl e the ordin ary Type N connect or per formed as well as the GPC-7 an d sub stantially better than ce rtain Lmpro ve d Type N connectors

It must be a dmi t t e d however that the reali zation of this bene fit does call fo r s ome re-direction of existin g practice In parshyticular thi s ins ensitivity t o connector properti e s i s a ch ie ved on l y f or certain terminal i nva r i an t parameters o r meas ur an ds Thes e include f or e xample the e f fe ct i ve eff i c i en cy of a bol ometer mount but n ot the c a l i bra t i on f ac t or Apar t f rom the initi al chan ge ove r probl ems h owe ve r the us e of the terminal invariant parameters as the basis f or a cal i bra t i on service provide s certain advan t ages i n additi on t o e l i mi n a t ion of the precisi on connector requirement In particul ar a s ub s tan t i a l simpli fication in the proce dures for the evaluati on of mi smatch corrections i s re alized

By way o f comparis on it may be noted th at the e xi sting practice is heavily ori ented in the di recti on of telling the user how his de v i ce would behave in an ide al world (Name ly one where a ll other components are perfectl y matched or re flectionless and fitt ed with i deal connectors ) More ove r the standards lab orato r y usually e xp ends a substanti al eff or t to in sure th at its calibration systems c l ose ly appr oximate these criteria

Unfortunatel y the us er who wi shes t o make optimum use of s uch calibration r esults must f i r s t de t e r mi ne to what e x t en t his s ystem di ffers from thos e f oun d in the ideal world The answers t o thes e questions involve rtmismat ch co r re ct i on s Thes e in turn require compl e x impedance me asurements an d computations which are often be yond the field personnel

The implicit r eference to an i de a l worl d may b e avo i ded when terminal invari ant quantiti es are chos en as the b asis of th e calibration s ervice In particul ar the procedure is to cali shybr ate the di f f erent t ype s of components (eg b olometer mounts a t t enua t or s etc ) in t erms of cert ain fund amental properti es which are the same irre spective of the sys t em in which the component i s us ed and moreover which do not pre suppo se that the comp onent is f i t t ed with ide al wave guide l eads The

26

mismatch corrections now takes the form of evaluating cer t a i n Lnt e r ac t i on terms between the component and the system in which it is used Although this falls to the lot of the us r and does require some effort the requirement for complex impedance measurements has been eliminated When these proposed changes are adopted the role of the user who wishes to make the best use of the calibration results is thus simplified while the accuracy potential for the user who ignores these corrections is nominally the same

The theoretical background for these remarks will be found in the writers paper Powe r Equations A New Concept in the Descriptions and Evaluation of Microwave Systems (IEEE Trans on Instr and Meas Vol 1M-20 Feb 1971)

From wh a t has been said it will be recognized that the major thrust of this effort is to make better use of existing hardware rather than ti e improved accuracy to more stringent hardware specifications

Although the development and extension of these concepts is continuing at NBS the basic groundwork is well established and promises to play a major role in tomorrows I world It appears that the c a l i b r a t i on laboratories could provide a real service by introducing the user groups to these ideas

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

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HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

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NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

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City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

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Appointed by

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21

COMMUNICATI ON S ampMARKETING COMMITTEES - - W H McPh ee

Committee 4-A -- News le t t e r Committe e

Chairman Wilbur An son of Na t i on a l Bu r eau o f Standards

This issue of th e Newsletter r ep orts f or itself -- issue was del ayed not by th e editor but b y the n ece ssity of wa i t i ng f o r el e ction r eturns on our off conference year May we make this an appe a l for mor e inputs from our membe r laboratori es del egates

Committe e 4-B - - Directory Committe e

Ch airman Le wi s Wears of John Hopkins University

Lewis r eports th e n ew directory to be r e ady for distribution in the v ery near future after a revision of information and f ee d i ng th e comp uter -- an operation that wi l l make futur e directori es e asi er to e d i t

Committ e e 4 -C -- Information Committee

Chairman Robert Verity o f Le eds ampNo r t h r up Co

Bob is now back in circulation followin g an ex t e n de d period of NCS L inactivity c a us e d by l abor probl ems within his c omp a ny

Committe e 4- D -- Calibration Procedures Committ e e

Chairman Martin Vyenielo of Lawrence Radi ation Labo r a t o r y

Marty was r ecently appointed t o the GIDEP Industry advisory bo ard with speci al interest in c alibration procedures distribushytion GIDEP i s working tow ard a pro gram to improve the calibration p ro ce du r e s quality and content They a re presently involved i n a se r ie s o f indoctrinati on clinics NCSL is cooperating in this by p re s e n t i ng the calibration p ro ce d ure s asp e c t of their e f f o r t To date Ch airman Vyeni e10 and Vice President Wesl ey Mc Phee have participated on the East and West coast -- other a reas are s che d ule d GIDEP welcomes ideas for improvin g the c a l i b r a t ion procedures distribution -- submit comments and ideas through the Ch airman or through the ALERT s ystem s et up for r eporting prob l em areas

22

Committ ee 4-E -- Recommended Practices Committe e

Chairman Elmo R Johnson of U S Navy

Al l r ecommended practices submitted have b een distributed for board members app r ov a l prior to gen e ral distribution for insertion in the information manu al in the near futur e El mo has ch anged h ats and is pres ently with the Navy Chief of Naval Material s 740 Crystal Plaza Jeffe r s on Davis Hi ghway Washington DC 20360

I~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbull middot~~~ bullbull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

CPEM 72

Conference on Pr ec i s i on Ele ctroma gnetic Measure ments wi l l b e held June 26 -29 197 2 at Boulder Colorado

A call for papers has been issued For information relatin g to the t echnical program write t o

Dr Harold S Boyne Radio Building Room 4075 Nat i on al Bureau of St anda r ds Boulder Colorado 80302

For gene r a l information on the Conference write to

Ge orge Goulette Director Bureau of Conferences and Institure s University of Colorado Boulder Col orado 8030 2

23

O I N T

MEASUREME T

ONFERENCE June 21-23 1972 at Boulder Colorado

STEERING COMMITTEE PLEASE REPLY TO

JOINT MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE A J Woodington Chaiman

rC~n poundr ~ 1 U tl3 f111 C5 ~Ofl a ~ Aogt n H p c e lt) ) PRESS RELEASE

Am~ -ic n Soc I e ty tor O II y (on p)1

A J oint Measurement Conference the first in a potential series will be held June 21-23 1972 at Boulder

Andrew F Dunn Colorado The keynote of the Conference - THE ROLE AND N H I 0 I ee s e a r c h Co nlt1 o f L ana d a

l n s t s t c t e fo r Ele trc 1 VALUE OF MEASUREMENT - is also the theme of the opening ~ tl ogttt ro n 1( l (l~l neer s

address to be presented by Lewis M Branscomb Director o f the National Bureau of Standards US Department of Conunerce

Ptr K Stein ( Afl lon a S t e t c Ul ~H ~ t ~)

IA~ t T urIle~ ~o C I j o le r lC The joint aspects of this Conference are indicated by the list of sponsors

Ameri can Society for Qua l i t y Control - Electronics W ilbur J Anson DivisionMetrology Technical Conunittee

( p I)n 1 ~u tJ u r ~ 1 ne l( j ~ rh t l o llal vc n t e r e nc e o j S l noj r d Le oo r Lor 11(1 Institute for Electrical and Electronics

Engineers-Group on Instrumentation and Measurement

A K Edgerton Instrument Society o f America-Metrology Division s e e c q ~ l o r e ll ~ n t 10 5 50gtlt I 1 10 11

National Bureau of Standards

National Conference of Standards Laboratories

Joseph M Cameron Precision Measurements Association gtjH Onl Bu-ta u o S la n(lardi

The purpose of the meeting is to promote the intershydisciplinary exchange of technical and managerial meas-

Helmut A Altschuler urement co n ce p t s The underlying theme i s that ideally l q ~~~ ~~~~f ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~ Technical personnel should utilize the Measurement

1l ~ ( V OrM 9 H ( H ~alulemeH ~ science concepts in all phases of product evolution shyresearch design devel opment manufacturing maintenance and quality control The techniques of a systems a p proach to accurate meaningful measurements will be emphasized as a powerful tool for both Management and Technical personnel The sessions will stress that many if not all measurement disciplines are required in the solution of softwarehardware oriented measurement problems

The Conference to be held at the NBS Boulder Laboratories is organized into 6 consecutive half-day sessions The general topic of the first day The Why of Measurement is explored in sessions on The Measurement Effort as a Resour ce for Management and as a Technical Res ource The How of Mea surement is covered in sessions on Physical Processes in Sensors Transducers Detectors and Intershydisciplinary Solutions to Problems and the Where of Measurement is discussed in sessions on Systems Metrology and Measurement-Oriented Engineers from our Campuses

Attendees of the Joint Measurement Con f e r e n c e have the opp o r t un i t y to take in a conference doubleheader as the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurement meets in Boulder June 26-29

24

STANDARDS LABORATORIES WITHER OR NOT

DO YOU HAVE A RE ACTION

President Hayes posed challenging questions in his editori al in the June NCSL News l e t t e r Essentially its a matter of standshyards labor atories demonstrating an impact upon their companys product For some st and ards laboratories it could be a matter of survival The crucial question is Can the qu ality and consistency of a companys product be maintained without the existence of a company standards laboratory

One type of r eaction containing a t echnical approach is contained in the letter Glenn Engen wr ote me How ab out it -shyDoes anyone else have a reaction to either the Hayes editorial my comments above or Glenn Engens l etter If so then write to me and maybe we can promote an interchange of viewpoints via the Newsletter

Wilbur Anson Edi tor

U OEPA TMENT OF COMMERCE Nationa l Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

To W J Anson Editor NCSL Newsletter

From G F En gen Electromagnetics Division NBS

Sub je c t Comment on Hayes Recent Edi t or i a l

President Hayes has pos ed a real chall en ge to those of us in st andards laboratories In a word the questi on is What c an we do to improve our relevance

The purp ose of this l etter is to call attention t o the r esults of s ome recent work at NBS which n ow makes pos s i b le a mor e meaningful interacti on between the calibration laborat ory an d the groups it serves

Historically a major obstacl e to this interaction has be en the connector problem Until r ecently p r e c i s Lon connect ors have been regarded as an e s s en t i al e le men t to accurat e measurements at UHF and microwave frequencies and their use has been adopted and promoted by standards laboratories

On the o t he r hand the field equipment is usually provided with a different c onn e ct or This confronts the us er with the probl em of e i t he r converting his e qu i pmen t to the pr e c i s i on connector or with an a dap t or e val uat ion prob Lem The f ormer s 01 ut ion II is

25

usually impossibl e for e con omi c or ot he r practical reasons while the probl ems asso c i a te d with adaptor evaluation tend t o negate the p otential con t r i bu t i on o f the calibrati on laborat ory As a cons equence there is a substanti al void between the world o f the standards laboratory and that of the fi eld us ers

As a r e sult of recent NBS e ff or t it is n ow possibl e for an important group o f measurement probl ems to provide the user with improved accuracy (o r accuracy potential) without imp osing th e condition that the conn e ctors on his equipment or gear be conshyverted to some p r e c i s i ori ( ) t yp e To be mor e sp eci fi c the measurement o f power and r elated p arameters can n ow be e ffected in a way which s ubs t an t i a l l y minimi ze s the dependenc e upon conshynector properti es In a recent e xp e r i men t fo r exampl e the ordin ary Type N connect or per formed as well as the GPC-7 an d sub stantially better than ce rtain Lmpro ve d Type N connectors

It must be a dmi t t e d however that the reali zation of this bene fit does call fo r s ome re-direction of existin g practice In parshyticular thi s ins ensitivity t o connector properti e s i s a ch ie ved on l y f or certain terminal i nva r i an t parameters o r meas ur an ds Thes e include f or e xample the e f fe ct i ve eff i c i en cy of a bol ometer mount but n ot the c a l i bra t i on f ac t or Apar t f rom the initi al chan ge ove r probl ems h owe ve r the us e of the terminal invariant parameters as the basis f or a cal i bra t i on service provide s certain advan t ages i n additi on t o e l i mi n a t ion of the precisi on connector requirement In particul ar a s ub s tan t i a l simpli fication in the proce dures for the evaluati on of mi smatch corrections i s re alized

By way o f comparis on it may be noted th at the e xi sting practice is heavily ori ented in the di recti on of telling the user how his de v i ce would behave in an ide al world (Name ly one where a ll other components are perfectl y matched or re flectionless and fitt ed with i deal connectors ) More ove r the standards lab orato r y usually e xp ends a substanti al eff or t to in sure th at its calibration systems c l ose ly appr oximate these criteria

Unfortunatel y the us er who wi shes t o make optimum use of s uch calibration r esults must f i r s t de t e r mi ne to what e x t en t his s ystem di ffers from thos e f oun d in the ideal world The answers t o thes e questions involve rtmismat ch co r re ct i on s Thes e in turn require compl e x impedance me asurements an d computations which are often be yond the field personnel

The implicit r eference to an i de a l worl d may b e avo i ded when terminal invari ant quantiti es are chos en as the b asis of th e calibration s ervice In particul ar the procedure is to cali shybr ate the di f f erent t ype s of components (eg b olometer mounts a t t enua t or s etc ) in t erms of cert ain fund amental properti es which are the same irre spective of the sys t em in which the component i s us ed and moreover which do not pre suppo se that the comp onent is f i t t ed with ide al wave guide l eads The

26

mismatch corrections now takes the form of evaluating cer t a i n Lnt e r ac t i on terms between the component and the system in which it is used Although this falls to the lot of the us r and does require some effort the requirement for complex impedance measurements has been eliminated When these proposed changes are adopted the role of the user who wishes to make the best use of the calibration results is thus simplified while the accuracy potential for the user who ignores these corrections is nominally the same

The theoretical background for these remarks will be found in the writers paper Powe r Equations A New Concept in the Descriptions and Evaluation of Microwave Systems (IEEE Trans on Instr and Meas Vol 1M-20 Feb 1971)

From wh a t has been said it will be recognized that the major thrust of this effort is to make better use of existing hardware rather than ti e improved accuracy to more stringent hardware specifications

Although the development and extension of these concepts is continuing at NBS the basic groundwork is well established and promises to play a major role in tomorrows I world It appears that the c a l i b r a t i on laboratories could provide a real service by introducing the user groups to these ideas

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

22

Committ ee 4-E -- Recommended Practices Committe e

Chairman Elmo R Johnson of U S Navy

Al l r ecommended practices submitted have b een distributed for board members app r ov a l prior to gen e ral distribution for insertion in the information manu al in the near futur e El mo has ch anged h ats and is pres ently with the Navy Chief of Naval Material s 740 Crystal Plaza Jeffe r s on Davis Hi ghway Washington DC 20360

I~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbull middot~~~ bullbull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

CPEM 72

Conference on Pr ec i s i on Ele ctroma gnetic Measure ments wi l l b e held June 26 -29 197 2 at Boulder Colorado

A call for papers has been issued For information relatin g to the t echnical program write t o

Dr Harold S Boyne Radio Building Room 4075 Nat i on al Bureau of St anda r ds Boulder Colorado 80302

For gene r a l information on the Conference write to

Ge orge Goulette Director Bureau of Conferences and Institure s University of Colorado Boulder Col orado 8030 2

23

O I N T

MEASUREME T

ONFERENCE June 21-23 1972 at Boulder Colorado

STEERING COMMITTEE PLEASE REPLY TO

JOINT MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE A J Woodington Chaiman

rC~n poundr ~ 1 U tl3 f111 C5 ~Ofl a ~ Aogt n H p c e lt) ) PRESS RELEASE

Am~ -ic n Soc I e ty tor O II y (on p)1

A J oint Measurement Conference the first in a potential series will be held June 21-23 1972 at Boulder

Andrew F Dunn Colorado The keynote of the Conference - THE ROLE AND N H I 0 I ee s e a r c h Co nlt1 o f L ana d a

l n s t s t c t e fo r Ele trc 1 VALUE OF MEASUREMENT - is also the theme of the opening ~ tl ogttt ro n 1( l (l~l neer s

address to be presented by Lewis M Branscomb Director o f the National Bureau of Standards US Department of Conunerce

Ptr K Stein ( Afl lon a S t e t c Ul ~H ~ t ~)

IA~ t T urIle~ ~o C I j o le r lC The joint aspects of this Conference are indicated by the list of sponsors

Ameri can Society for Qua l i t y Control - Electronics W ilbur J Anson DivisionMetrology Technical Conunittee

( p I)n 1 ~u tJ u r ~ 1 ne l( j ~ rh t l o llal vc n t e r e nc e o j S l noj r d Le oo r Lor 11(1 Institute for Electrical and Electronics

Engineers-Group on Instrumentation and Measurement

A K Edgerton Instrument Society o f America-Metrology Division s e e c q ~ l o r e ll ~ n t 10 5 50gtlt I 1 10 11

National Bureau of Standards

National Conference of Standards Laboratories

Joseph M Cameron Precision Measurements Association gtjH Onl Bu-ta u o S la n(lardi

The purpose of the meeting is to promote the intershydisciplinary exchange of technical and managerial meas-

Helmut A Altschuler urement co n ce p t s The underlying theme i s that ideally l q ~~~ ~~~~f ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~ Technical personnel should utilize the Measurement

1l ~ ( V OrM 9 H ( H ~alulemeH ~ science concepts in all phases of product evolution shyresearch design devel opment manufacturing maintenance and quality control The techniques of a systems a p proach to accurate meaningful measurements will be emphasized as a powerful tool for both Management and Technical personnel The sessions will stress that many if not all measurement disciplines are required in the solution of softwarehardware oriented measurement problems

The Conference to be held at the NBS Boulder Laboratories is organized into 6 consecutive half-day sessions The general topic of the first day The Why of Measurement is explored in sessions on The Measurement Effort as a Resour ce for Management and as a Technical Res ource The How of Mea surement is covered in sessions on Physical Processes in Sensors Transducers Detectors and Intershydisciplinary Solutions to Problems and the Where of Measurement is discussed in sessions on Systems Metrology and Measurement-Oriented Engineers from our Campuses

Attendees of the Joint Measurement Con f e r e n c e have the opp o r t un i t y to take in a conference doubleheader as the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurement meets in Boulder June 26-29

24

STANDARDS LABORATORIES WITHER OR NOT

DO YOU HAVE A RE ACTION

President Hayes posed challenging questions in his editori al in the June NCSL News l e t t e r Essentially its a matter of standshyards labor atories demonstrating an impact upon their companys product For some st and ards laboratories it could be a matter of survival The crucial question is Can the qu ality and consistency of a companys product be maintained without the existence of a company standards laboratory

One type of r eaction containing a t echnical approach is contained in the letter Glenn Engen wr ote me How ab out it -shyDoes anyone else have a reaction to either the Hayes editorial my comments above or Glenn Engens l etter If so then write to me and maybe we can promote an interchange of viewpoints via the Newsletter

Wilbur Anson Edi tor

U OEPA TMENT OF COMMERCE Nationa l Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

To W J Anson Editor NCSL Newsletter

From G F En gen Electromagnetics Division NBS

Sub je c t Comment on Hayes Recent Edi t or i a l

President Hayes has pos ed a real chall en ge to those of us in st andards laboratories In a word the questi on is What c an we do to improve our relevance

The purp ose of this l etter is to call attention t o the r esults of s ome recent work at NBS which n ow makes pos s i b le a mor e meaningful interacti on between the calibration laborat ory an d the groups it serves

Historically a major obstacl e to this interaction has be en the connector problem Until r ecently p r e c i s Lon connect ors have been regarded as an e s s en t i al e le men t to accurat e measurements at UHF and microwave frequencies and their use has been adopted and promoted by standards laboratories

On the o t he r hand the field equipment is usually provided with a different c onn e ct or This confronts the us er with the probl em of e i t he r converting his e qu i pmen t to the pr e c i s i on connector or with an a dap t or e val uat ion prob Lem The f ormer s 01 ut ion II is

25

usually impossibl e for e con omi c or ot he r practical reasons while the probl ems asso c i a te d with adaptor evaluation tend t o negate the p otential con t r i bu t i on o f the calibrati on laborat ory As a cons equence there is a substanti al void between the world o f the standards laboratory and that of the fi eld us ers

As a r e sult of recent NBS e ff or t it is n ow possibl e for an important group o f measurement probl ems to provide the user with improved accuracy (o r accuracy potential) without imp osing th e condition that the conn e ctors on his equipment or gear be conshyverted to some p r e c i s i ori ( ) t yp e To be mor e sp eci fi c the measurement o f power and r elated p arameters can n ow be e ffected in a way which s ubs t an t i a l l y minimi ze s the dependenc e upon conshynector properti es In a recent e xp e r i men t fo r exampl e the ordin ary Type N connect or per formed as well as the GPC-7 an d sub stantially better than ce rtain Lmpro ve d Type N connectors

It must be a dmi t t e d however that the reali zation of this bene fit does call fo r s ome re-direction of existin g practice In parshyticular thi s ins ensitivity t o connector properti e s i s a ch ie ved on l y f or certain terminal i nva r i an t parameters o r meas ur an ds Thes e include f or e xample the e f fe ct i ve eff i c i en cy of a bol ometer mount but n ot the c a l i bra t i on f ac t or Apar t f rom the initi al chan ge ove r probl ems h owe ve r the us e of the terminal invariant parameters as the basis f or a cal i bra t i on service provide s certain advan t ages i n additi on t o e l i mi n a t ion of the precisi on connector requirement In particul ar a s ub s tan t i a l simpli fication in the proce dures for the evaluati on of mi smatch corrections i s re alized

By way o f comparis on it may be noted th at the e xi sting practice is heavily ori ented in the di recti on of telling the user how his de v i ce would behave in an ide al world (Name ly one where a ll other components are perfectl y matched or re flectionless and fitt ed with i deal connectors ) More ove r the standards lab orato r y usually e xp ends a substanti al eff or t to in sure th at its calibration systems c l ose ly appr oximate these criteria

Unfortunatel y the us er who wi shes t o make optimum use of s uch calibration r esults must f i r s t de t e r mi ne to what e x t en t his s ystem di ffers from thos e f oun d in the ideal world The answers t o thes e questions involve rtmismat ch co r re ct i on s Thes e in turn require compl e x impedance me asurements an d computations which are often be yond the field personnel

The implicit r eference to an i de a l worl d may b e avo i ded when terminal invari ant quantiti es are chos en as the b asis of th e calibration s ervice In particul ar the procedure is to cali shybr ate the di f f erent t ype s of components (eg b olometer mounts a t t enua t or s etc ) in t erms of cert ain fund amental properti es which are the same irre spective of the sys t em in which the component i s us ed and moreover which do not pre suppo se that the comp onent is f i t t ed with ide al wave guide l eads The

26

mismatch corrections now takes the form of evaluating cer t a i n Lnt e r ac t i on terms between the component and the system in which it is used Although this falls to the lot of the us r and does require some effort the requirement for complex impedance measurements has been eliminated When these proposed changes are adopted the role of the user who wishes to make the best use of the calibration results is thus simplified while the accuracy potential for the user who ignores these corrections is nominally the same

The theoretical background for these remarks will be found in the writers paper Powe r Equations A New Concept in the Descriptions and Evaluation of Microwave Systems (IEEE Trans on Instr and Meas Vol 1M-20 Feb 1971)

From wh a t has been said it will be recognized that the major thrust of this effort is to make better use of existing hardware rather than ti e improved accuracy to more stringent hardware specifications

Although the development and extension of these concepts is continuing at NBS the basic groundwork is well established and promises to play a major role in tomorrows I world It appears that the c a l i b r a t i on laboratories could provide a real service by introducing the user groups to these ideas

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

23

O I N T

MEASUREME T

ONFERENCE June 21-23 1972 at Boulder Colorado

STEERING COMMITTEE PLEASE REPLY TO

JOINT MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE A J Woodington Chaiman

rC~n poundr ~ 1 U tl3 f111 C5 ~Ofl a ~ Aogt n H p c e lt) ) PRESS RELEASE

Am~ -ic n Soc I e ty tor O II y (on p)1

A J oint Measurement Conference the first in a potential series will be held June 21-23 1972 at Boulder

Andrew F Dunn Colorado The keynote of the Conference - THE ROLE AND N H I 0 I ee s e a r c h Co nlt1 o f L ana d a

l n s t s t c t e fo r Ele trc 1 VALUE OF MEASUREMENT - is also the theme of the opening ~ tl ogttt ro n 1( l (l~l neer s

address to be presented by Lewis M Branscomb Director o f the National Bureau of Standards US Department of Conunerce

Ptr K Stein ( Afl lon a S t e t c Ul ~H ~ t ~)

IA~ t T urIle~ ~o C I j o le r lC The joint aspects of this Conference are indicated by the list of sponsors

Ameri can Society for Qua l i t y Control - Electronics W ilbur J Anson DivisionMetrology Technical Conunittee

( p I)n 1 ~u tJ u r ~ 1 ne l( j ~ rh t l o llal vc n t e r e nc e o j S l noj r d Le oo r Lor 11(1 Institute for Electrical and Electronics

Engineers-Group on Instrumentation and Measurement

A K Edgerton Instrument Society o f America-Metrology Division s e e c q ~ l o r e ll ~ n t 10 5 50gtlt I 1 10 11

National Bureau of Standards

National Conference of Standards Laboratories

Joseph M Cameron Precision Measurements Association gtjH Onl Bu-ta u o S la n(lardi

The purpose of the meeting is to promote the intershydisciplinary exchange of technical and managerial meas-

Helmut A Altschuler urement co n ce p t s The underlying theme i s that ideally l q ~~~ ~~~~f ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~ Technical personnel should utilize the Measurement

1l ~ ( V OrM 9 H ( H ~alulemeH ~ science concepts in all phases of product evolution shyresearch design devel opment manufacturing maintenance and quality control The techniques of a systems a p proach to accurate meaningful measurements will be emphasized as a powerful tool for both Management and Technical personnel The sessions will stress that many if not all measurement disciplines are required in the solution of softwarehardware oriented measurement problems

The Conference to be held at the NBS Boulder Laboratories is organized into 6 consecutive half-day sessions The general topic of the first day The Why of Measurement is explored in sessions on The Measurement Effort as a Resour ce for Management and as a Technical Res ource The How of Mea surement is covered in sessions on Physical Processes in Sensors Transducers Detectors and Intershydisciplinary Solutions to Problems and the Where of Measurement is discussed in sessions on Systems Metrology and Measurement-Oriented Engineers from our Campuses

Attendees of the Joint Measurement Con f e r e n c e have the opp o r t un i t y to take in a conference doubleheader as the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurement meets in Boulder June 26-29

24

STANDARDS LABORATORIES WITHER OR NOT

DO YOU HAVE A RE ACTION

President Hayes posed challenging questions in his editori al in the June NCSL News l e t t e r Essentially its a matter of standshyards labor atories demonstrating an impact upon their companys product For some st and ards laboratories it could be a matter of survival The crucial question is Can the qu ality and consistency of a companys product be maintained without the existence of a company standards laboratory

One type of r eaction containing a t echnical approach is contained in the letter Glenn Engen wr ote me How ab out it -shyDoes anyone else have a reaction to either the Hayes editorial my comments above or Glenn Engens l etter If so then write to me and maybe we can promote an interchange of viewpoints via the Newsletter

Wilbur Anson Edi tor

U OEPA TMENT OF COMMERCE Nationa l Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

To W J Anson Editor NCSL Newsletter

From G F En gen Electromagnetics Division NBS

Sub je c t Comment on Hayes Recent Edi t or i a l

President Hayes has pos ed a real chall en ge to those of us in st andards laboratories In a word the questi on is What c an we do to improve our relevance

The purp ose of this l etter is to call attention t o the r esults of s ome recent work at NBS which n ow makes pos s i b le a mor e meaningful interacti on between the calibration laborat ory an d the groups it serves

Historically a major obstacl e to this interaction has be en the connector problem Until r ecently p r e c i s Lon connect ors have been regarded as an e s s en t i al e le men t to accurat e measurements at UHF and microwave frequencies and their use has been adopted and promoted by standards laboratories

On the o t he r hand the field equipment is usually provided with a different c onn e ct or This confronts the us er with the probl em of e i t he r converting his e qu i pmen t to the pr e c i s i on connector or with an a dap t or e val uat ion prob Lem The f ormer s 01 ut ion II is

25

usually impossibl e for e con omi c or ot he r practical reasons while the probl ems asso c i a te d with adaptor evaluation tend t o negate the p otential con t r i bu t i on o f the calibrati on laborat ory As a cons equence there is a substanti al void between the world o f the standards laboratory and that of the fi eld us ers

As a r e sult of recent NBS e ff or t it is n ow possibl e for an important group o f measurement probl ems to provide the user with improved accuracy (o r accuracy potential) without imp osing th e condition that the conn e ctors on his equipment or gear be conshyverted to some p r e c i s i ori ( ) t yp e To be mor e sp eci fi c the measurement o f power and r elated p arameters can n ow be e ffected in a way which s ubs t an t i a l l y minimi ze s the dependenc e upon conshynector properti es In a recent e xp e r i men t fo r exampl e the ordin ary Type N connect or per formed as well as the GPC-7 an d sub stantially better than ce rtain Lmpro ve d Type N connectors

It must be a dmi t t e d however that the reali zation of this bene fit does call fo r s ome re-direction of existin g practice In parshyticular thi s ins ensitivity t o connector properti e s i s a ch ie ved on l y f or certain terminal i nva r i an t parameters o r meas ur an ds Thes e include f or e xample the e f fe ct i ve eff i c i en cy of a bol ometer mount but n ot the c a l i bra t i on f ac t or Apar t f rom the initi al chan ge ove r probl ems h owe ve r the us e of the terminal invariant parameters as the basis f or a cal i bra t i on service provide s certain advan t ages i n additi on t o e l i mi n a t ion of the precisi on connector requirement In particul ar a s ub s tan t i a l simpli fication in the proce dures for the evaluati on of mi smatch corrections i s re alized

By way o f comparis on it may be noted th at the e xi sting practice is heavily ori ented in the di recti on of telling the user how his de v i ce would behave in an ide al world (Name ly one where a ll other components are perfectl y matched or re flectionless and fitt ed with i deal connectors ) More ove r the standards lab orato r y usually e xp ends a substanti al eff or t to in sure th at its calibration systems c l ose ly appr oximate these criteria

Unfortunatel y the us er who wi shes t o make optimum use of s uch calibration r esults must f i r s t de t e r mi ne to what e x t en t his s ystem di ffers from thos e f oun d in the ideal world The answers t o thes e questions involve rtmismat ch co r re ct i on s Thes e in turn require compl e x impedance me asurements an d computations which are often be yond the field personnel

The implicit r eference to an i de a l worl d may b e avo i ded when terminal invari ant quantiti es are chos en as the b asis of th e calibration s ervice In particul ar the procedure is to cali shybr ate the di f f erent t ype s of components (eg b olometer mounts a t t enua t or s etc ) in t erms of cert ain fund amental properti es which are the same irre spective of the sys t em in which the component i s us ed and moreover which do not pre suppo se that the comp onent is f i t t ed with ide al wave guide l eads The

26

mismatch corrections now takes the form of evaluating cer t a i n Lnt e r ac t i on terms between the component and the system in which it is used Although this falls to the lot of the us r and does require some effort the requirement for complex impedance measurements has been eliminated When these proposed changes are adopted the role of the user who wishes to make the best use of the calibration results is thus simplified while the accuracy potential for the user who ignores these corrections is nominally the same

The theoretical background for these remarks will be found in the writers paper Powe r Equations A New Concept in the Descriptions and Evaluation of Microwave Systems (IEEE Trans on Instr and Meas Vol 1M-20 Feb 1971)

From wh a t has been said it will be recognized that the major thrust of this effort is to make better use of existing hardware rather than ti e improved accuracy to more stringent hardware specifications

Although the development and extension of these concepts is continuing at NBS the basic groundwork is well established and promises to play a major role in tomorrows I world It appears that the c a l i b r a t i on laboratories could provide a real service by introducing the user groups to these ideas

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

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--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

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24

STANDARDS LABORATORIES WITHER OR NOT

DO YOU HAVE A RE ACTION

President Hayes posed challenging questions in his editori al in the June NCSL News l e t t e r Essentially its a matter of standshyards labor atories demonstrating an impact upon their companys product For some st and ards laboratories it could be a matter of survival The crucial question is Can the qu ality and consistency of a companys product be maintained without the existence of a company standards laboratory

One type of r eaction containing a t echnical approach is contained in the letter Glenn Engen wr ote me How ab out it -shyDoes anyone else have a reaction to either the Hayes editorial my comments above or Glenn Engens l etter If so then write to me and maybe we can promote an interchange of viewpoints via the Newsletter

Wilbur Anson Edi tor

U OEPA TMENT OF COMMERCE Nationa l Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

To W J Anson Editor NCSL Newsletter

From G F En gen Electromagnetics Division NBS

Sub je c t Comment on Hayes Recent Edi t or i a l

President Hayes has pos ed a real chall en ge to those of us in st andards laboratories In a word the questi on is What c an we do to improve our relevance

The purp ose of this l etter is to call attention t o the r esults of s ome recent work at NBS which n ow makes pos s i b le a mor e meaningful interacti on between the calibration laborat ory an d the groups it serves

Historically a major obstacl e to this interaction has be en the connector problem Until r ecently p r e c i s Lon connect ors have been regarded as an e s s en t i al e le men t to accurat e measurements at UHF and microwave frequencies and their use has been adopted and promoted by standards laboratories

On the o t he r hand the field equipment is usually provided with a different c onn e ct or This confronts the us er with the probl em of e i t he r converting his e qu i pmen t to the pr e c i s i on connector or with an a dap t or e val uat ion prob Lem The f ormer s 01 ut ion II is

25

usually impossibl e for e con omi c or ot he r practical reasons while the probl ems asso c i a te d with adaptor evaluation tend t o negate the p otential con t r i bu t i on o f the calibrati on laborat ory As a cons equence there is a substanti al void between the world o f the standards laboratory and that of the fi eld us ers

As a r e sult of recent NBS e ff or t it is n ow possibl e for an important group o f measurement probl ems to provide the user with improved accuracy (o r accuracy potential) without imp osing th e condition that the conn e ctors on his equipment or gear be conshyverted to some p r e c i s i ori ( ) t yp e To be mor e sp eci fi c the measurement o f power and r elated p arameters can n ow be e ffected in a way which s ubs t an t i a l l y minimi ze s the dependenc e upon conshynector properti es In a recent e xp e r i men t fo r exampl e the ordin ary Type N connect or per formed as well as the GPC-7 an d sub stantially better than ce rtain Lmpro ve d Type N connectors

It must be a dmi t t e d however that the reali zation of this bene fit does call fo r s ome re-direction of existin g practice In parshyticular thi s ins ensitivity t o connector properti e s i s a ch ie ved on l y f or certain terminal i nva r i an t parameters o r meas ur an ds Thes e include f or e xample the e f fe ct i ve eff i c i en cy of a bol ometer mount but n ot the c a l i bra t i on f ac t or Apar t f rom the initi al chan ge ove r probl ems h owe ve r the us e of the terminal invariant parameters as the basis f or a cal i bra t i on service provide s certain advan t ages i n additi on t o e l i mi n a t ion of the precisi on connector requirement In particul ar a s ub s tan t i a l simpli fication in the proce dures for the evaluati on of mi smatch corrections i s re alized

By way o f comparis on it may be noted th at the e xi sting practice is heavily ori ented in the di recti on of telling the user how his de v i ce would behave in an ide al world (Name ly one where a ll other components are perfectl y matched or re flectionless and fitt ed with i deal connectors ) More ove r the standards lab orato r y usually e xp ends a substanti al eff or t to in sure th at its calibration systems c l ose ly appr oximate these criteria

Unfortunatel y the us er who wi shes t o make optimum use of s uch calibration r esults must f i r s t de t e r mi ne to what e x t en t his s ystem di ffers from thos e f oun d in the ideal world The answers t o thes e questions involve rtmismat ch co r re ct i on s Thes e in turn require compl e x impedance me asurements an d computations which are often be yond the field personnel

The implicit r eference to an i de a l worl d may b e avo i ded when terminal invari ant quantiti es are chos en as the b asis of th e calibration s ervice In particul ar the procedure is to cali shybr ate the di f f erent t ype s of components (eg b olometer mounts a t t enua t or s etc ) in t erms of cert ain fund amental properti es which are the same irre spective of the sys t em in which the component i s us ed and moreover which do not pre suppo se that the comp onent is f i t t ed with ide al wave guide l eads The

26

mismatch corrections now takes the form of evaluating cer t a i n Lnt e r ac t i on terms between the component and the system in which it is used Although this falls to the lot of the us r and does require some effort the requirement for complex impedance measurements has been eliminated When these proposed changes are adopted the role of the user who wishes to make the best use of the calibration results is thus simplified while the accuracy potential for the user who ignores these corrections is nominally the same

The theoretical background for these remarks will be found in the writers paper Powe r Equations A New Concept in the Descriptions and Evaluation of Microwave Systems (IEEE Trans on Instr and Meas Vol 1M-20 Feb 1971)

From wh a t has been said it will be recognized that the major thrust of this effort is to make better use of existing hardware rather than ti e improved accuracy to more stringent hardware specifications

Although the development and extension of these concepts is continuing at NBS the basic groundwork is well established and promises to play a major role in tomorrows I world It appears that the c a l i b r a t i on laboratories could provide a real service by introducing the user groups to these ideas

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

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--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

25

usually impossibl e for e con omi c or ot he r practical reasons while the probl ems asso c i a te d with adaptor evaluation tend t o negate the p otential con t r i bu t i on o f the calibrati on laborat ory As a cons equence there is a substanti al void between the world o f the standards laboratory and that of the fi eld us ers

As a r e sult of recent NBS e ff or t it is n ow possibl e for an important group o f measurement probl ems to provide the user with improved accuracy (o r accuracy potential) without imp osing th e condition that the conn e ctors on his equipment or gear be conshyverted to some p r e c i s i ori ( ) t yp e To be mor e sp eci fi c the measurement o f power and r elated p arameters can n ow be e ffected in a way which s ubs t an t i a l l y minimi ze s the dependenc e upon conshynector properti es In a recent e xp e r i men t fo r exampl e the ordin ary Type N connect or per formed as well as the GPC-7 an d sub stantially better than ce rtain Lmpro ve d Type N connectors

It must be a dmi t t e d however that the reali zation of this bene fit does call fo r s ome re-direction of existin g practice In parshyticular thi s ins ensitivity t o connector properti e s i s a ch ie ved on l y f or certain terminal i nva r i an t parameters o r meas ur an ds Thes e include f or e xample the e f fe ct i ve eff i c i en cy of a bol ometer mount but n ot the c a l i bra t i on f ac t or Apar t f rom the initi al chan ge ove r probl ems h owe ve r the us e of the terminal invariant parameters as the basis f or a cal i bra t i on service provide s certain advan t ages i n additi on t o e l i mi n a t ion of the precisi on connector requirement In particul ar a s ub s tan t i a l simpli fication in the proce dures for the evaluati on of mi smatch corrections i s re alized

By way o f comparis on it may be noted th at the e xi sting practice is heavily ori ented in the di recti on of telling the user how his de v i ce would behave in an ide al world (Name ly one where a ll other components are perfectl y matched or re flectionless and fitt ed with i deal connectors ) More ove r the standards lab orato r y usually e xp ends a substanti al eff or t to in sure th at its calibration systems c l ose ly appr oximate these criteria

Unfortunatel y the us er who wi shes t o make optimum use of s uch calibration r esults must f i r s t de t e r mi ne to what e x t en t his s ystem di ffers from thos e f oun d in the ideal world The answers t o thes e questions involve rtmismat ch co r re ct i on s Thes e in turn require compl e x impedance me asurements an d computations which are often be yond the field personnel

The implicit r eference to an i de a l worl d may b e avo i ded when terminal invari ant quantiti es are chos en as the b asis of th e calibration s ervice In particul ar the procedure is to cali shybr ate the di f f erent t ype s of components (eg b olometer mounts a t t enua t or s etc ) in t erms of cert ain fund amental properti es which are the same irre spective of the sys t em in which the component i s us ed and moreover which do not pre suppo se that the comp onent is f i t t ed with ide al wave guide l eads The

26

mismatch corrections now takes the form of evaluating cer t a i n Lnt e r ac t i on terms between the component and the system in which it is used Although this falls to the lot of the us r and does require some effort the requirement for complex impedance measurements has been eliminated When these proposed changes are adopted the role of the user who wishes to make the best use of the calibration results is thus simplified while the accuracy potential for the user who ignores these corrections is nominally the same

The theoretical background for these remarks will be found in the writers paper Powe r Equations A New Concept in the Descriptions and Evaluation of Microwave Systems (IEEE Trans on Instr and Meas Vol 1M-20 Feb 1971)

From wh a t has been said it will be recognized that the major thrust of this effort is to make better use of existing hardware rather than ti e improved accuracy to more stringent hardware specifications

Although the development and extension of these concepts is continuing at NBS the basic groundwork is well established and promises to play a major role in tomorrows I world It appears that the c a l i b r a t i on laboratories could provide a real service by introducing the user groups to these ideas

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

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Appointed by

Title

Date

26

mismatch corrections now takes the form of evaluating cer t a i n Lnt e r ac t i on terms between the component and the system in which it is used Although this falls to the lot of the us r and does require some effort the requirement for complex impedance measurements has been eliminated When these proposed changes are adopted the role of the user who wishes to make the best use of the calibration results is thus simplified while the accuracy potential for the user who ignores these corrections is nominally the same

The theoretical background for these remarks will be found in the writers paper Powe r Equations A New Concept in the Descriptions and Evaluation of Microwave Systems (IEEE Trans on Instr and Meas Vol 1M-20 Feb 1971)

From wh a t has been said it will be recognized that the major thrust of this effort is to make better use of existing hardware rather than ti e improved accuracy to more stringent hardware specifications

Although the development and extension of these concepts is continuing at NBS the basic groundwork is well established and promises to play a major role in tomorrows I world It appears that the c a l i b r a t i on laboratories could provide a real service by introducing the user groups to these ideas

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

27

A METRIC AMERICA

(An Extract from the September 1971 Issue of the NBS Technical

News Bulletin)

A systematic nationally coordinated US changeover to the metric system of measurement over a lO-year period was recently recommended to Congress by Secretary of Commerce Maurice H Stans in a ISS-page report on the US Metric study entitled A Metric America -- A Decision Whose Time Has Come 1I

The Study was conducted by the Departments National Bureau of Standards in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1965 It involved three years of stUdies surveys and analyses by the Bureau with the cooperation of thousands of individuals and organized professional educational business labor and consumer groups throughout the country

In releasing the Report the Secretary said For many years this nation has been going metric and it will continue to do so regardless of national plans and policies At the same time the world-wide use of the metric system is increasing and today ours is the only major nation which has not decided to take such a step As the Report states a metric ~nerica would seem to be desirable in terms of our stake in world trade the development of international standards relations with our neighbors and other countries and national security1I

Endorsing the Reports basic conclusion In favor of going me t r i c Secretary Stans recommended

That the United States change to the International Metric System deliberately and carefully That this be done through a coordinated national program That the Congress assign the responsibility for guiding the change and anticipating the kinds of special problems described in the report to a central coordinating body responsive to all sectors of our society That within this guiding framework detailed plans and timeshytables be worked out by these sectors themselves That early priority be given to educating every American schoolchild and the public at large to think in metric terms That immediate steps be taken by the Congress to foster US participation in international standards activities That in order to encourage efficiency and minimize the overall costs to society the general rule should be that any changeover costs shall lie where they fall ll

That the Congress after deciding on a plan for the nation establish a target date ten years ahead by which time the US will have become predominantly though not exclusively metric

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

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NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

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--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

28

That there be a firm government commitment to this goal

As Dr Lewis M Branscomb National Bureau of Standards director puts it the Report is concerned with alternatives realistically open to the Uni ted States 11

bull Changing to the metric system by plan or bull Drifting to metric without a plan

Dr Daniel V DeSimone Metric Study Director and author of the Report observes in the Preface that current circumstances -shyunlike those prevailing when Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams first considered the metric systems attributes -- have made the time for a US decision ripe because lithe world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing For America it is a decision whose time has come II

In even a concerted program for going metric the report points out in Chapter V some things would be changed rapidly some slowly and some never In most cases things would be replaced with new metric models only when they wore out or became obsolete This would certainly be true for example of existing buildings aircraft carriers railroad locomotives power genshyerating plants and even such things as hair dryers

In many instances industry and commerce would make metric changeovers much as the housewife did when she broke her non-metric measuring cup A pump in a chemical factory for example might with careful maintenance last ten years before it wore out and had to be replaced But if a critical part failed after say five years the user might well decide to buy a new pump of improved design and lower running cost rather than fix the old one And if he were going metric and metric pumps were available the new pump would of course be one built to metric standards

The proposed lO-year optimum period for a coordinated national changeover is based upon information and views conshytributed by many cross-sections of society ranging from whole industries to individual citizens contacted by mail or telephone or at public hearings Opinions and data were collected from large and small firms labor unions professional and technical societies and specialized groups In Chapter VII the Report calls it perhaps surprising that any general pattern of agreeshyment should have emerged from the US Metric Study considering the great diversity of the participant At any rate these representative feelings emerged

Some partici pan t s in the study pre ferred that the change be made more quickly a few wanted more time Nevertheless all could be accommodated by a ten-year transition period because those who could move faster would do so as soon as

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

29

their customers and suppliers were ready Those who needed more time could take it since the nations goal in a tenshyyear program would be to become mostly (not entirely) metric

Mo s t manufacturing firms judge d that the ten -ye ar period would be close to optimum for them Weighting manushyfacturers according to size (ie value added in manushyfacturing) the Study found that 82 percent thought the changeover period should be ten years or less The average of the periods ch os en was 96 years

I n i t s s t udy he Dep a r t me n t of Defense concluded DoD 1S de pe n dent u~ on t he Nat onal n dus t r i a l Base and the rate o f conversion within the DoD wi ll be dependent on how well conversion is carried out by industry

Nonmanufacturing businesses with generally much less hardware needing conversion were in favor of a shorter transition period They thought that the nation as a whole might make the changeover in six to ten years

In the commercial weights and measures field the adaptation to metric of devices now in use would take conshysiderable time The survey of this field points out that there are relatively few trained personnel who can do the work Because of the large numbers and varieties of devices now in use ten years would be required to complete adaptashytions I

Advocating a phase changeover guided by lIthe rule of reason II the report holds that e xpe ct ati ons of a lipainle s s and cas ual dr i ft toward a compreshensive changeover would be just as unrealistic as- an attempted abrupt and mandatory transformation that would prove to be intolerably disruptive

Our e xp e rience since Ccn gr es s Legal i ze d the me tric sys tern in 1866 suggests that if the nation prefers to drift to metric it would still be having to cope with two measurement systems at the end 0 f thi s century II the Report ob se rve s Since the use of the metric system in the US is increasing throughout the prolonged period of gradual change there would be substantial costs and inconveniences primarily those associated with mainshytaining dual inventories training people in both measurement systems and printing metric and Customary dimensions on documents and labels

The complex question of the relative benefits and costs that would be involved in a planned lO-year metric changeover is discussed in Chapter IX of the Report with accompanying diagrammatic representations of projections and analyses Invesshytigators for the Metric Study found that a simple aggregate profit-and-loss figure for the total effect of the proposed metric changeover could not be arrived at for a variety of reasons

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

30

benefits and costs would occur at different times an d would be directly comparable virtually all costs would be inc r r e during the transition period when benefits would be only bCo n shyning there would be many intangibles to consider and some phenomena might be attributable only partly to a metric change The Report in Chapter IX points out that the real question is not what the cost of a metric changeover would be but whether it would cost more to change by plan or without one The report concluded that it would be better to change by plan The cost and inconvenience of a change to metric will be substantial even if it is done carefully by plan But the analysis of benefits and costs made in this chapter confirms the intuitive judgment of US business and industry that increasin g the use of the metric system is in the best interests of the country and that this should be done throu gh a coordinated national program There will be less cost and more reward than if the change is unplanned and occurs over a much longer period of t i me

Under the heading of intangible and indirect benefits the Report cites a variety of potential IIby-products ll of conversion I1people while making the metric change would have opportunities to do other worthwile things that are not directly related to any measurement system Translating textbooks into metric terms would provide opportunities for curriculum improvements In thinking out new metric standards engineers would have an opportunity to weed out superfluous sizes and varieties of parts and materials and even to incorporate superior technologies International standards activities would be facilitated 11

Other chapters in the Report review the two centuries of debate over the US measurement system compare the metric and Customary systems and the arguments for and against each place the metric question lIin the context of the future world discuss problems needing early attention and compare the differing experiences of Great Britain and Japan in going metric Appendices to the Report detail how the US Metric Study was planned and carried out present a selective bibliography of Metric Study documents and official reports of the US and foreign countries and give the text of an International Organization for Standshyardization recommendation on the uses and applications of units of the International System

A Metric America is available from the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office for $225 use SD Catalog No C13l0345 when ordering

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

31

11SHADES OF NIKOLA TESLA

MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Microwave power transmission holds promise as a means of transferring energy from vehicle to vehicle in space and perhaps as a way of capturing solar energy for use as a major power source on Earth

These possibilities were raised in a Raytheon Co report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center which was interested in effi shycient ways of transmitting power from a central manned station to a co-orbiting daughter satellite

According to these studies it is difficult to transfer energy in the form of electrical power because of the problem of running wires Transferring energy in the form of chemicals is difficult because of the expense involved in transporting sources having a low ratio of energy to mass Nuclear fuel transfer offers a high energy to mass ratio but involves efficiency and radiation problems

Microwave energy however is said to overcome most of these problems while offering lla very efficient means of energy transfer over very long distances II

Washington Science Trends Vol XXVI No 20 Aug 23 1971

Editor 1s Note Such a project could give rise to interesting problems in measurements

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bull bullbull bull

SCIENCEENGINEERING INFORMATION

A directory of information resources in the physical sciences and engineering has been updated and expanded by the National Referral Center of the Library of Congress

The biological sciences included in the original 1969 volume will be covered in a separate publication

The directory contains 2891 entries with address teleshyphone areas of interest holdings publications and information services

(A Directory of Information Resources in the United States Physical Sciences Englneerlng 1971 LeI 3lD6297l available at $650 from Superlntendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402)

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

32

NEW TIME SIGNALS ON TELEPHONE

New time signals from the National Bureau of Standards radio station WWV can be heard on the telephone beginning July 1 By dialing (303) 499-7111 listeners can hear the accurate shortshywave signals from Fort Collins Colorado as received at NBS in Boulder Colorado These signals are a national service provided by the US Department of Commerce

The signals include a voice announcement of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) every minute plus standard audio-frequency tones and special announcements of interest to geophysicists and navigators The time and frequency signals are the most accurate in the US available to telephone users -- callers from lIthe lower 48 1 1 states should receive time signals accurate to within 30-40 milliseconds -- and are controlled ultimately by the NBS Atomic Frequency Standard in Boulder

In addition to the time and frequency signals listeners may hear radio propagation forecasts for the North Atlantic region at 14 minutes past the hour announcements of storm warnings for the North Atlantic Ocean at 16 minutes past (to be initiated sometime after July 1) and geophysical alerts and notices of significant solar events such as flares eruptions and proton showers at 18 minutes past the hour

Further information on station WWV may be had by contacting Frequency-Time Broadcast Services Section National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

33

NBS TO BROADCAST NEW TIME SCALE

Since 1967 the second has been defined in terms of an atomic transition while time scales in general use are based on the rotation of the earth This has resulted in the dissemination of a compromise time scale arrived at by international agreement through the International Radio Consultative Committee and maintained by the International Bureau o f Time (BIH) This scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) presently operates with a frequency offset from the atomic scale of -300 X 10- 10 to approximately agree with the r otation of the earth Occasional step adjustments in time of 01 second are also made to compensate for unpredictable variations in the earths rate of rotation

To avoid the disadvantages of having an offset frequency and fractional s econd step adjustments the UTC time scale will change on 1 January 1972 The new UTC scale will operate with a frequency offset thus providing time intervals that are e xac t l y one second long The scale will continue to keep in approximate agreement with earth time known as UTI by step adjustments of exactly one second occurring about once per year There will be a preference of adjustments on the 1st of January and July In any case the new UTe scale should not differ from UTI by more than 07 second

In the US therefore the NBS standard broadcast services of WWV t WWVH and WWVL will be changed to have zero offsets in their carrier and modulation frequencies and time signals At 00 hours on 1 January 1972 UTC will be reset a fraction of a second sufficient to give the new UTe scale an initial difshyference of an integral number of seconds (probably 10000 seconds l ate) with respect to International Atomic Time (IAT) as maintained by the BIH UTC is now about 9 seconds late compared to IAT and during the next year the difference will probably increase to about 10 seconds thus the reset should be only a few hundred milliseconds Thereafter the difference between UTC and IAT will always be an inte gral number of seconds The di fference between UTI (not UT2 astronomers time) and the broadcast signal will also be given after 1 January 1972 probably with a resolution of 01 second

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

34

TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Selected from t he NBS EM Me trology Current Awareness Service

Fre que ncy S t andard Hi de s i n Eve ry CO IOT TV Set Dav is D D

El ect r onICs Hay 10 19 )) Vo l 44 No 1 0 96- 98

Area s of Pr omi se f O T the Deve l opmen t o f Fut ure Prim ary Freque ncy St andards

Hel lwig H Me t r o Lo g I a oct 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 11 8- 1 26

UTe Ti me Sc a le to Chan ge I n 1972

NBS Tech ni cal News Bul l e t i n Mar 19 71 Vo l 5 5 No 3 79 82

Pre ci si on Tempe r atu re Calib rat ion i n t he S t andar ds Labora tory RObe r t s o n Donald an d R 11 Ve r i t y

EID May 19 71 Vol 7 J No5 39- 43

New Di re cti ons i n Test Inst rumenta t ion Ha rde man Lyman

Nic r owav e s May 19 71 Vol 10 No 5 3 2 - 36

Di gi t al an d Ana log Si gna l App l i ca ti on s o f Op e ra t t on a l Amplif i e r s Nay lo r Jimm y R

IEEE Spectruln J une 19 71 Vol 8 No 6 3 8- 46

Box car Det e ctor s Abe r ne t hy J D W

Re se arch D eve l opmen t J une 197 1 Vol 22 No 6 24 - 28

Di gi ta l Compu t e rs amp Periph e ral s f or Lns t r ume n ta t i on v-A Di r ec to r y

EI D June 19 71 VoL 7 No6 13 - 20

An In expe nsi ve Lock - In Amp lif Ie r Cap l an Lawre nce C and Ri chard S ter-n

Revi ew i t f i c I ns tSc e n I e ru m e n s

May 19 71 Vo l 42 No 5 6 89 -6 95

A Lf nk- Eon p e n s a t e d Rat i o Transfor mer Bri dge Ramboz John D

Review Sc ien t i fi c In s t rume nts (No t es) Apr 1971 Vol 42 No 4 52 2- 5 24

Sr r ip li ne Is Ali v e and We l l Howe Ha r Ia n J r

Microwave Io u r n a L Jn Ly 1971 Vo l 1 4 No 7 25-28 5 2

Hol o gr aph i c Dat a Pro ce s s i ng J enkins Rodne y W

l ns t r un en t s amp Con tro l Sys t ern s Mar 197 1 Vo l 44 No3 1 24 -1 27

What Ha~ pe n e d - - Appo in tmen t i n WaShi ngt on Reg ei mba l Nei l R

Elec t roni c Engi neer May 197 1 Vol 3 D No 5 ) 25 - 32

Innov at~v ~ Me t r o l ogy - - J( ey t o Progr e s s Mas on H L Edt to r

Pr-oc 19 7 0 Sta ndar ds Labora t ory Conf e rence N85 Spec Pub l 33 5 Mar 19 7 1 t [)2 pages

A T la n~fc r S ta nda r d f or Hi ghe r v Accur acy AC He asu r-eme n t Esc hbac h Ste phe n L and Loe be JI11ie

EID J ul y 1971 Vol 7 No 7 29 ~ 3Z

In t e rna l Admi tt ance Loadi ng Cor r e ct i ons for [n duc ti v e Vol t age Di v ide r s

1 s ao s H Proc e edi n gs IEEE ( Le t t e rs ) J une 19 71 Vol 59 No 6 103 5-1 03 6

Ac cura t e Hamon- Pal r Potent Io meter f or Jos eph so n Fre quen cy - t o shyVol ta ge x e asur- emen ts

Ha r r r s F K H A Fowl e r an d P T Ols en Mer o l og i a Oc t 19 70 Vol 6 No 4 134 -14 2

A Se con da ry Re f e r e nc e Vol t age Sou rce S t ab le t o 1 ppm Ra amo r J

Revi ew Sc ien tific Ins t rumen t s Ap r 1 9 71 Vol 42 No 4 44 0 -4 41

Al t e rn a t in g Cur re n t Br i dge ~l e t h od 5 Hague B and T R Foar d

Pi tman Pub Li s h t n g 6th Edi t i on 1 9 71 602 pa ge s

Me asurement of Er r ors i n a Cur re nt Trans f orme r Sankaran P and V G K Mu r t i

Ins trumen ts G Contro l Sys tems Apr 19 71 Vo l 44 No 4 129 -1 31

AC Power Met e r Vtanc ik J ame s E

[n strument s ampControl Sy s t ems Mor 197 1 Vol 44 No 3 129-131

A Si mple Tuni ng Ci r cu i t fo r havegu i de and Tr e ns m s s i on Line Svs t erns

Bea t ry R W and G H F entr e ~ ~

I EEE Trans Mi crowave Theo ry ampTechJli que s (Cor re s po ld ence ) Mar 1971 Vol MTT- 19 No 3 33 7 -3 3 8

Unbal anc e d Tran5mi s si on ~ Li ne I mped anc e J e s c h R L R W Ande r s on t E Mac Ke n z i e R C Powell and L O Swe e c

IEEE Trans lus trume nt atlon 6 Measurement May 1971 Vol m -2 0 No 2 1 29 -135

Us i ng a De vi at i on Brl dge to Pe r f or m Hi gh -S pe ed Pre cis ion DC Res r s t a n c e Hea s u r -emc n t s

Reyno l ds l Pe ter H and Carl ft Scha r le EID Apr 1971 Vol 7 No 4 28-3 1

A New Eqlli pment f o r t he Measrlr ement of Video NOIs e Wi s e F H and D R BrI an

Radi o ampElec t roni c Eng I neer Ma y 1 97 1 Vol 4 1 No 5 206- 21 2

Interac t I on of Mag ne ti c Fields and Fer romagnet I c Shi elds Sti l l Dunc an A

IEEE Trans El e ct romagne ti c Cnmpar ab i l i t y Ma y 19 71 Vo l EMC-13 No 2 45 -50

Ilet e rtm n a t i on o f Complex Pe rmirti v ity of Arb i t r a r i I y Di men s ioned Di e lec t r ic ModUle s at Mi c r owav e Fre quen c i es

Ruc gge berg Werne r IEEE Tra ns Mi c r cwav e The or y ~ Technique s J une 197 1 Vo l MTT- 19 No 6 51 7 - 521

C on t a ct L e s s Ln dn c t i o n N e r h od f o r E l e c t r-a c Res i st ] v i t y Measu r emenr Ch a be r s k i Al e ks ande r Z

J App l I ed Ph YS I CS Mar 1 19 7 1 Vo l 4 2 No 3 9 40 - 9 47

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

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--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

3S

YOU TOO

At the NCSL Board Meeting in JUly we discovered that many of the board members had a mistaken impression of the breadth of coverage of the Electromagnetic Metrology Current Awareness Service which NCSL is helping to sponsor We now wonder if this misconception is shared by other NCSL members

Were you aware that this publication contains abstracts and citations of current articles on

Measurement techniques and standards of electrical quantishyties from DIRECT CURRENT to MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES

Instrumentation for Measurement Methods of Analysis

Waveguide ampTransmission Line Theory

Automated and Computer Assisted Measurements

Philosophical Economic Man a ge r i a l Social and Political Aspects of Metrology

as well as miscellaneous technical articles of general interest to persons in this field of work

Would you help establish these facts by submitting the names of potential users to the editor of this Newsletter so we can send the information to them

This information and requests for sample copies should be addressed to

Wilbur J Anson Chief Electromagnetic Metrology

Information Center National Bureau of Standards Boulder Colorado 80302

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

--------------------- -----

- - --- --- - - - - - - - --- - - - ---- -

HOW TO JOIN NCSL

Th e NCSL is a nonprofit association whose memb ers a re eit her measurement st anda r ds and calibratio n lab oratori es organizat ions maintaining su ch activities or other or ganizations which have related interests and are operated und er academic scientific industrial comshymercial or government auspices

Applications may Secretariat be mailed t o National Conf er ence of Standards Laboratories

co National Bureau of Standards (200 01) Washi ngton DC 20234

Checks shou ld be made payable to the National Conference of Standards Laboratories If an ot her wise qualified organization finds it impossible to become a member organization by payment of dues as su ch it may be granted member privileges by payment of an equivashylent re gistration f ee in advance of the Delegates Assembly

(cu t h ere )

~-----------------------------~-------------~-------IIIII I APPLICATION FO R MEMBERSHIP 1 1

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES1III I

-=---- -------------- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shyI Par ent O rg an i z a t io n

--~------------~------_________--------________=~-I Address

II

City State Zip Code

I I hereby applies for membership in the National Conference of Standards Laboratori es and

I appoints as its Delegate ~I 1 ~r

Name

Title

Loc al Org ani z atio n

Ad dress C ity Sta te Z ip C od e

Te le p h o n e A rea N u mb e r Ex ten s ion

III who I bership dues for the current ca lendar year Of this amount two dollars and fifty centsI ($2 50) is for our subscription to the NCSL Newslet t er for that year

will serve until further noti ce The sum of fifty dollars ($5000) is encl osed for mem-

I J IIIII IIII

Appointed by

Title

Date