VOCABULARY OF

VOCABULARY

BASE

The main part of a word to which affixes may be added.

Example:Repainted

re + paint + edPaint is the BASE

ROOT

The form of a word from which other words and forms are derived.

Root: FACMeaning: make, do

Examples: manufacture, factory, benefactor

AFFIX

A word or syllable added to aWord to produce a derived or inflected form (usually a

Prefix or suffix).

Examples:Underground – under is an affix

Crying – ing is a suffix

PREFIX

A letter or group of letters put at the beginning of a word to make a new word

Examples:disrespect – dis is an prefix

Biology – bio is a prefix

SUFFIXA letter or group of letters put at the

END of a word to form a new word

Examples:Suffix – eer, er, or

Means: person whoExamples: mountaineer – person

who climbs mountainsTeacher – one who teaches

SYNONYMSA synonym is a word that means the same

or almost the same as another word.

cheerfulattempt try

selectchoose

glad

ANTONYMSAn antonym is a word that means the

opposite or almost the opposite of another word.

generouslove hate

cheerfulsad

stingy

LITERALWhen a word is used in a literal sense, it is being used in it strict dictionary meaning.

EXAMPLE: On our hike, we picked berries, mushrooms, and other wild plants.

Mushrooms is used literally. Mushrooms are real fungi.

FIGURATIVEWhen a word is used in a figurative sense, it

is being used in a symbolic or nonliteral way.

EXAMPLE:

I WAS SO ANGRY I WAS SPITTING NAILS.

CONNOTATIONThe connotation of a word is its tone. This

means the emotions or associations it normally arouses in people hearing, or reading it.

EXAMPLE:

HOME VS. HOUSE

DENOTATION

The denotation of a word is its specific dictionary meaning.

Examples:Word – search

Definition – To look for.

Word – braggartDefinition – boastful person

WHAT IS A WHAT IS A CONTEXT CLUE?CONTEXT CLUE?

• A context clue is a method by which the meanings of unknown words in a sentence may be obtained by examining the parts of a sentence surrounding the word.

• 3 Kinds of contrast clues include:

• restatement/synonym clues• contrast/antonym clues• Inference context clues.

Context Clue#1 –Context Clue#1 – CONTRAST CLUESCONTRAST CLUES• Contrast clues consist of an antonym

for, or a phrase that means the opposite of, an unfamiliar word. Words and phrases such as although, but, yet, however, except, instead of, unlike, and on the other hand signal contrast clues.

• Example:At night the street was pacific, unlike the crowded, noisy chaos it was during the day.

In this contrast, the word pacific is opposed to crowded, noisy and chaotic. From this, you can guess that it

means "peaceful."

Context Clue#2 –Context Clue#2 – RESTATEMENT CLUESRESTATEMENT CLUES•A restatement clue consists

of a synonym for, or a definition of, a word in the sentence.

• Example:Jack's duplicity or crafty dishonesty

caused him to steal his coworker's pensions by funneling their money

into an offshore account. In this contrast, the word duplicity is means

crafty dishonesty.

Context Clue#3 –Context Clue#3 – INFERENCE CLUESINFERENCE CLUES• An inference clue can help you to

understand the meaning of a word by examining the context in which the word is used. Inference clues can appear in the surrounding words, sentences, even paragraphs.

• Example:The king issued unreasonable

decrees. Nevertheless, everyone had to obey his commands.

Based on this sentence, what do you think decrees are?

THE END OF VOCABULARY

OF VOCABULARY