�

127

Appendix: A List of EssentialWords by Grade Level

Robert J. Marzano, John S. Kendall, Diane E. Paynter

The identification of basic words has been of interest to educators for years, pri-

marily because of the presumed utility of such a list. Given that basic words are

considered to be those from which other words in the language are derived, a rea-

sonable assumption has been that a knowledge of basic words within the English

language will naturally lead to increased facility at learning the other words within

the language. Specifically, it has been assumed that teaching students a small set of

basic words could provide a key to understanding those words that are derived

from the basic words (Becker, Dixon, and Anderson-Inman, 1980).

One of the earliest attempts to identify the basic words in English was Ogden’s

“basic English” (1932), an SSO [simple sign-on]-word lexicon from which all other

English words could be derived. Unfortunately, Ogden’s basic words were more

like primitive concepts that cognitive scientists (Shank and Rieger, 1974) use to

map the morphological structure of nouns and verbs than they were like basic

words from which the meaning of other words could be induced by the average

language user. A similar effort to identify the primitive semantic concepts in

a p p e n d i x

We thank Dan Jesse for his guidance and advice on the design of the study and the analysis of thedata.

This publication is based on work sponsored wholly, or in part, by the Office of Educational Researchand Improvement (OERI), Department of Education, under Contract Number 400–86–0002. Thecontent of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views of OERI or any other agency of theU.S. government.

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 127

English was undertaken by Burger (1984), who focused on verb forms as the pri-

mary semantic structure within the English language.

Dupuy (1974) was the first to operationally define a basic word. Among other

criteria, Dupuy listed the following: inclusion in each of four major dictionaries;

not compound or hyphenated; not a proper name or an abbreviation; not foreign,

archaic, informal, technical, derived, or variant. Based on a 1 percent sample of the

four criterion dictionaries, he then estimated that there are 12,000 basic words in

the English language. Following the Dupuy criteria, Becker, Dixon, and Anderson-

Inman (1980) identified 8,109 basic words from a list of 25,782 words drawn from

an updated version of the Thorndike and Lorge (1943) list. The intent of their

study was to create a list of basic words that could be used as an instructional tool.

Presumably a knowledge of the 8,109 words in the list would allow one to infer the

meaning of the 25,782 (and perhaps more) words from which the list was derived.

On the surface, such a list has great appeal Reason would suggest that if coverage of

these words was spread out over an extended interval of time (for examples, grades

K through 12), instruction in the basic words would not be an overwhelming task.

Nagy and Anderson (1984), however, identified a number of fallacies in Dupuy’s

logic and, consequently, in Becker, Dixon, and Anderson-Inman’s methods for se-

lecting basic words. They noted that Becker, Dixon, and Anderson-Inman’s use of

rather strict morphological criteria for identification of basic words rendered their

list invalid for all practical purposes, or at least invalid as an instructional tool.

Specifically, Nagy and Anderson asserted that morphological relationships between

words do not always ensure strong semantic relationships, at least from the per-

spective of the average language user. For example, following the Dupuy criteria,

Becker, Dixon, and Anderson-Inman assigned the words animism and animosity

to the same root word (basic word) anima. Nagy and Anderson noted that the av-

erage language user would probably be unaware of the word anima. Even if she

were, they argued, she would probably not make a meaningful connection between

animism and animosity.

In other words, Nagy and Anderson concluded that Becker, Dixon, and Ander-

son-Inman’s 8,109 basic words are, for the most part, too unrelated semantically

from the other words in the 25,782 corpus from which they were drawn to con-

stitute an instructionally meaningful set. In fact, using a corpus of 86,741 words

drawn from reading material encountered in grades 3 through 9 and referred to

as “written school English” (Carroll, Davies, and Richman, 1971), they estimated

that there are 88,500 basic words. Based on this estimate, they asserted that any

Appendix 128

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attempt to systematically teach and reinforce basic words would be futile since so

many words remained to be taught.

Beck, McKeown, and Omanson (1987) offered an alternative to the Nagy and An-

derson position. They conceded that there are many more basic words in the Eng-

lish language than could be reasonably taught in any instructional situation; however,

they asserted that only a small proportion of the basic words would have to be taught

to significantly affect student vocabulary development. Specifically, they noted that

about half of the 88,500 Nagy and Anderson basic words would be encountered only

once in an avid reader’s lifetime, given the diversity of texts from which the corpus

of study was drawn. In addition, of the remaining 44,250, only about 15,000 would

be encountered once or more in 10 million running words. In short, Beck, McKe-

own, and Omanson concluded that although Nagy and Anderson are probably cor-

rect in their estimate of the number of basic words in printed school English, this

estimate is not an accurate reflection of the number of basic words that students

would be highly likely to encounter in reading. Their arguments suggest that a list

of high-frequency basic words would be relatively short yet powerful in instructional

yield. Since such a list could be very useful, this study attempted to identify a corpus

of basic words that students would be highly likely to encounter in academic situa-

tions. In addition, this study sought to identify grade levels at which the basic words

should be taught to students who do not already know them.

Although vocabulary words are commonly thought of in terms of grade levels,

there is little agreement as to what a grade-level designation signifies and how to

assign grade levels to words. Thorndike and Lorge (1943), for example, did not

identify grade levels. Rather, they ranked words by frequency and then recom-

mended that words between specific frequency ranges be introduced at specific

grade levels. Harris and Jacobson (1972) identified the earliest grade level at which

words appeared in at least three of six basal reading series used in their study. They

assumed that the grade at which a word first appears in content reading material

was the best indicator of when the word should be introduced to students.

Although there are variations on the theme, most attempts to assign grade lev-

els have used the frequency of occurrence or first occurrence of words from a given

corpus, usually drawn from a variety of types of text that students encounter. For

example, Thorndike and Lorge’s list of words (1943) was drawn primarily from stu-

dent textbooks and magazines. Although almost all studies that we reviewed used

frequency data from more than one type of reading material, no studies used fre-

quency data for words on standardized tests. Consequently, this study sought to

Appendix 129

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determine grade levels for the basic words identified using multiple frequency data

that included standardized tests.

METHODFor the purposes of the study, “words students frequently encounter in academic

situations” were defined as words students will commonly encounter when reading

content-area textbook material and in standardized tests.

CorpusThe initial word list used to generate the corpus of study was the Basic Elementary

Reading Vocabulary (Harris and Jacobson, 1972). This list was derived from four-

teen elementary textbook series (six basal series and two series each from the fields

of English, social studies, math, and science) and contains 7,613 words. Because

the list is somewhat dated, it was reviewed by sixty kindergarten through sixth-

grade teachers, who added words they considered important for content-area in-

struction. For addition of a word to the corpus, the majority of the participating

teachers had to agree. Words considered not relevant to current content were

deleted. The addition and deletion process generated a list of 7,230 words. This list

was then merged with words in Becker, Dixon, and Anderson-Inman’s list (1980)

of 8,109 basic words. Finally, the words found in the directions to the student and

content of the following standardized tests were added to the combined list:

• The California Achievement Tests (CAT; 1986), Form E; Levels 10 through 20,

inclusive

• The Comprehensive Test of Basic Skills (CTBS; 1984), Form U; Levels A, B, C, D,

E, F, G, H, J, K

• Science Research Associates (SRA) Survey of Basic Skills Objectives (1984),

Form P; Levels 20, 21, 22, 23, 34, 35, 36, 37)

• The Stanford Achievement Tests (Gardner, Rudman, Karlsen and Merwin,

1981), Form E; Levels KI, K2, PI, P2, P3 I1, I2, A, T1, T2

In all, over 17,000 distinct nonduplicated words were found in the four stan-

dardized tests. The composite corpus generated from the aggregation of the sources

described above contained 30,371 words.

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Procedure for Identifying Basic WordsThe corpus of 30,371 words was analyzed by two raters to determine which words

were basic. A third rater was used to make decisions when the two raters did not

agree whether a word was basic. Inter-rater reliability for the first two raters was

above .99; that is, the two raters disagreed on fewer than one word per 100.

The criteria or rules used to identify basic words were:

1. Abbreviations were considered nonbasic (etc., e.g.).

2. Regular and irregular plurals were considered nonbasic (houses, mice).

3. Regular comparatives and superlatives were considered nonbasic, but irregular

comparatives and superlatives were considered basic (prettier versus best).

4. Regular and irregular inflected forms (except for pronouns and some irregular

verbs) were considered nonbasic (walked, gone).

5. Alternate spellings and pronunciations were considered nonbasic (good-bye

versus goodby; nothing versus nothin’).

6. Proper names were considered nonbasic, except for months, days of the week,

planets, the continents, the fifty states, and cities and countries that appeared

with high frequency in K–6 reading material.

7. Formulas were considered nonbasic (H2O).

8. Nonwords were considered nonbasic (NATO).

9. Foreign words were considered nonbasic (señor).

10.Ordinal numbers were considered nonbasic when they could be derived (from

fourth onward); cardinal numbers were considered nonbasic when they formed

a compound (twenty-three).

11.Feminine forms of nouns were considered nonbasic when masculine forms

were available (waiter versus waitress).

12.Masculine and feminine forms of nouns were considered nonbasic, when non-

sex-linked forms of nouns were available (spokesperson versus spokesman/spokes-

woman).

13.Occupational titles were considered nonbasic when there existed nouns de-

scribing corresponding fields of study (biology versus biologist).

Appendix 131

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There are some notable differences between the criteria listed above and those

described by Nagy and Anderson (1984). First, it is important to note that Nagy

and Anderson were interested in arriving at criteria that could be used to deter-

mine the number of distinct or basic words in printed school English. This study

was aimed at producing a list of academically relevant basic words that would have

immediate instructional utility using Beck, McKeown, and Omanson’s (1987) rea-

soning. One necessary bias in developing such a list is that any word that cannot

be easily derived from any other word by the average language user should be con-

sidered basic even though it is related to another word morphologically. Another is

that categories or types of words that are frequently the focus of instruction should

be considered basic. The rules used in this study reflect these biases. In the Nagy

and Anderson study, all comparative and superlative forms were considered non-

basic. Since irregular comparative and superlative forms are very distinct from their

positive forms (good, better, best), it was deemed necessary to include them in our

basic word list (see rule 3). Similarly, in this study, inflected forms were considered

basic except for pronouns and highly irregular verbs (see rule 4), whereas in the

Nagy and Anderson study, no exceptions were made. Specifically, pronoun forms

(such as I, you, and me) were considered basic in this study owing to their highly

irregular nature. It was assumed that recognizing the word I would not necessarily

lead to a recognition of the word me or other inflective forms. A similar situation

exists for some verbs. Although there are many verbs that are irregular in the way

that their principal parts are formed (find, found, found), only a few have such mor-

phographically different forms that little relationship is apparent. In this study,

such irregular verb forms were retained as basic words (for example, bring, brought;

go, went). Similarly, conjugated forms of the verb to be were considered basic since

that verb has such variant forms (for example, am, is, are). Proper names were con-

sidered nonbasic without exception in the Nagy and Anderson study, whereas in

this study, exceptions were made for months, days of the week, planets, the conti-

nents, the fifty states, and cities and countries that appeared with high frequency

in K–6 reading material (see rule 6). Cities and countries that appeared in The

American Heritage Word Frequency Book (WFB; Carroll, Davies, and Richman,

1971) as frequently as any other word determined to be at the sixth-grade level

within this study were selected for inclusion in the basic word list. In the Nagy and

Anderson study, formulas were considered nonbasic, while in this study, an ex-

ception was made for numbers (see rule 10). Specifically, cardinal numbers were

Appendix 132

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considered basic, whereas ordinals above third were considered derived forms or

nonbasic. For example, fourth can be easily derived from four, third less so from

three, and second and first cannot be derived at all from two and one. Again, cardi-

nal numbers were considered such an integral aspect of classroom instruction that

it was determined they should be part of a list of instructionally meaningful basic

words.

Any words not covered by the thirteen rules were then analyzed as to the extent

that they were basic or nonbasic, where basic words were defined as those that

could not be derived semantically or morphologically from another word.

Procedure for Determining Grade LevelsOnce a corpus of basic words was identified, grade-level estimates were determined

for each word. Specifically, all words in the corpus of basic words were found in

the WFB, which contains 87,741 words taken from over 5 million words of run-

ning text in material encountered by students in grades 3 through 9. The grade

level at which each word first appears in the material used to create the WFB cor-

pus was identified. Also, the modal grade for each word was calculated using the

grade-level frequencies in the WFB.

These two data points provided a rough guide for estimating the grade level at

which one might consider a word familiar to most students. The raters assumed

that the modal grade levels calculated from the WFB represent those grade levels

by which students should have a firm grasp of the word. Conversely, the grade level

at which the word first appears in student reading material was considered the level

at which the word might be understood by students with the aid of some direc-

tion or instruction. Using those two pieces of data as upper and lower limits, two

raters initially assigned grade levels to the words. In their grade-level assignments,

the raters sought to identify those levels by which students should be able to rec-

ognize and understand the words to be able to read and comprehend without the

benefit of teacher aid the material in textbooks and standardized tests. Thus, the

grade at which a word is introduced in reading material is probably too early, and

the level at which a word most frequently appears is probably too late. The initial

grade-level designations were then adjusted using the grade levels of first appear-

ance on the four standardized tests used to create the corpus (the CAT, the CTBS,

the SRA, and the Stanford) and the modal grade levels on these tests. That is, the

two data points derived from standardized tests were used to validate the initial

Appendix 133

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grade levels. Specifically, the raters determined the extent to which the initial grade-

level assignments fit within the range identified from the four standardized tests.

Any extreme discrepancies between initial grade-level assignments and the ranges

on standardized tests were noted and grade-level assessments adjusted by the raters.

Five classroom teachers representing grades 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 then reviewed all

grade-level assignments. Teachers were asked to replace any grade-level assignment

with which they did not agree with a grade level they considered more appropri-

ate. Any word for which a new grade level was assigned by the participating teach-

ers was then reviewed by the raters. If the two raters agreed, a change in grade level

was made.

As a measure of grade-level validity, the final grade-level estimates were corre-

lated with the first appearance and modal grade-level appearance on the WFB and

the four standardized tests.

RESULTSThis appendix lists the 6,768 basic words derived from the corpus of 30,371 using

the criteria described. The words are ordered by their final grade-level designations.

Listed along with each word is the grade level at which the word first appears on

one or more of the standardized tests used in the study. The correlations among the

final grade-level estimates with the first and modal appearance of the words on the

four standardized tests and the WFB for each word are reported in Table A.1.

Table A.1 indicates that the final grade-level designation (BASIC) was the most

robust correlate in the matrix. Specifically, the range of correlations between BASIC

and the other measures was .29 to .68. The low value of this range was higher than

the low value of the range for any other correlate; similarly, the high value of this

range was greater than the high value of the range for any other correlate. In keep-

ing, the average correlation with BASIC (.47) was higher than the average corre-

lation for any other variable in the matrix. The robust nature of BASIC is perhaps

best illustrated when it is regressed on the other variables. The multiple R from

that analysis was .83 (N = 1448, p < (.001), and the coefficient of determination

was .69. When multiple regression analyses were conducted using the ten other

correlates in the matrix as dependent variables, the next highest multiple R using

SRA (F) as the dependent variable was .77 (N = 1448, p <.001) with a coefficient

of determination of .59.

Appendix 134

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 134

Tab

le A

.1.

Inte

rco

rrel

atio

n B

etw

een

Gra

de-

Leve

l Des

ign

atio

ns

23

45

67

89

1011

1.B

ASI

C.3

8.6

7.6

8.6

7.6

2.4

5.3

3.2

9.3

3.2

9

(4,9

15)

(3,4

01)

(3,1

08)

(2,8

06)

(3,0

07)

(4,8

61)

(3,4

00)

(3,1

09)

(2,8

06)

(3,0

07)

2.W

FB (

f).2

5.2

6.2

3.2

5.2

5.1

2.1

2.1

3.1

6

(2,8

89)

(2,6

27)

(2,3

84)

(2,5

50)

(4,8

61)

(2,8

88)

(2,6

28)

(2,3

84)

(2,5

50)

3.C

AT

(f)

.53

.52

.49

.34

.63

.17

.23

.18

(2,3

98)

(2,1

85)

(2,3

31)

(2,8

74)

(3,4

00)

(2,3

99)

(2,1

85)

(2,3

31)

4.C

TBS(

f).5

6.5

0.3

9.1

9.5

8.2

2.1

7

(2,0

94)

(2,1

92)

(2,6

14)

(2,3

98)

(3,1

08)

(2,0

94)

(2,1

92)

5.SR

A (

f).4

9.4

1.2

1.1

9.6

5.1

7

(2,0

37)

(2,3

71)

(2,1

85)

(2,0

95)

(2,8

06)

(2,0

37)

6.ST

AN

(f)

.34

.17

.14

.20

.67

(2,5

37)

(2,3

31)

(2,1

92)

(2,0

37)

(3,0

07)

7.W

FB (

m)

.26

.29

.29

.22

(2,8

73)

(2,6

15)

(2,3

71)

(2,5

37)

8.C

AT

(m)

.24

.25

.18

(2,3

99)

(,21

85)

(2,2

31)

9.C

TBS

(m)

.21

.19

(2,0

95)

(2,1

92)

10.

SRA

(m

).1

8

(2,0

37)

11.

STA

N (

m)

Not

e:A

ll co

rrel

atio

ns

in th

e m

atri

x w

ere

sign

ifica

nt:

p <

.001

.BA

SIC

= fi

nal

gra

de le

vel.

WFB

= T

he A

mer

ican

Her

itag

e W

ord

Freq

uen

cy B

ook

(Car

roll,

Dav

ies,

and

Ric

hm

an,1

971)

.CA

T =

Cal

ifor

nia

Ach

ieve

men

t Te

sts

(198

6).C

TB

S =

Com

preh

ensi

ve T

est

ofB

asic

Ski

lls (

1984

).SR

A =

Sci

ence

Res

earc

hA

ssoc

iate

s S

urv

ey o

fB

asic

Ski

lls O

bjec

tive

s (1

984)

.STA

N =

Sta

nfo

rd A

chie

vem

ent T

ests

(=

Gar

dner

,Ru

dman

,Kar

lsen

an

d M

erw

in 1

981)

.I =

firs

t gra

dele

vel o

foc

curr

ence

.m =

mod

al g

rade

leve

l of

occu

rren

ce.P

aren

thet

ical

nu

mbe

rs r

efer

to n

um

ber

ofca

ses

(wor

ds).

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 135

DISCUSSIONThe findings in this study generally support Nagy and Anderson’s assertion (1984)

that there are far too many basic words in the English language to constitute a cor-

pus that might be taught within the context of regular classroom instruction.

Specifically, out of a 30,371-word corpus, 6,768, or 22 percent, were found to be

basic. Although the probability of a word’s being basic has an inverse relationship

with the frequency of use of the word (Nagy and Anderson, 1984), one could in-

duce from this study that there are many basic words in the English language, far

too many to teach in any direct manner.

However, the purpose of the study was to identify a set of K–6 basic words that

are commonly found in academic situations. Using the Beck, McKeown, and

Omanson (1987) logic, providing students with direct instruction in a small set of

words that can be used to determine the meaning of other words and are fre-

quently encountered in materials they read, might have immediate benefits for lit-

eracy development. The 6,768 words in this appendix represent such a list. Where

88,500 basic words would be impossible to teach, 6,768 in grades K–6 would not,

especially if instruction were limited to students at risk in terms of their language

development and to words they did not know. That is, instruction in the basic

words could be limited to those students not performing up to expected levels in

terms of their literacy development under the assumption that within the course

of normal literacy development, the basic words would be learned incidentally or

through direct instruction. Within this subset of students, instruction would focus

on only those words students did not already know. Hence, for any one student,

instruction would probably focus on a small subset of 6,768 basic words.

Of course, this study does not address such important issues as how instruc-

tion in the basic words should be accomplished. However, it does for the first time

provide a corpus of basic words that by some measures appear to be academically

sound and are also few enough to have instructional utility.

Appendix 136

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a K

all 1

am 1

an K

and K

are K

as 2

at K

away K

back K

ball K

bell K

big K

bird K

blue K

book K

boot K

box K

boy K

brown K

but K

by K

can K

car K

cat K

come K

cow 1

day K

do K

dog K

down K

end K

fall 1

fan K

fish K

fly K

food K

for K

from K

fun K

get K

go K

good K

gray K

green 1

groundhog K

hat 1

he K

here K

hill K

I K

in K

into K

is K

it K

its K

kitten K

little K

look K

mad 1

me K

mud K

my 1

name K

no K

not K

of K

on K

or 1

out K

paint K

pet K

pin 1

play K

put K

rain K

red K

run K

sad K

say K

see K

she K

sing K

sit 1

so 1

stay K

stop K

Appendix 137

KINDERGARTEN

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 137

story K

sun K

take 1

that K

the K

them 1

then K

there K

they K

this 1

to K

too K

up K

we K

wet K

what K

where K

who K

will K

with K

work K

yellow K

yes K

you K

zoo K

Appendix 138

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FIRST GRADE

Appendix 139

about 1

add 1

afraid 1

after K

again K

ago K

airplane K

also 1

always K

animal 2

ant 1

apple 1

ask K

baby K

bad 1

bag 1

balloon 1

bark 1

barn 2

be K

bean 1

bear 1

because K

bed 1

bee 1

before K

begin 1

behind 1

best K

better K

bike 1

black 2

boat K

both K

bowl K

bread 1

breakfast 1

bring 2

bunny 1

bus K

bush 1

butterfly 2

button 1

cage 1

cake 1

calf K

call K

camp K

cap 1

card K

care 1

cart K

catch K

cave 1

chain K

chicken K

child K

city 1

class K

clock 1

close 1

cloth K

cloud K

clown K

coat K

cold K

color 2

cook 1

cookie K

corner K

could K

crayon 1

cry K

cup 1

cut K

dad 1

dark K

dish K

doll K

dot 3

draw K

dream 1

dress 1

drink 2

dry 1

duck K

early 1

eat K

edge 3

egg K

eight 1

elephant 1

else K

even K

eye 1

fair 2

far 1

farm K

fast K

fat K

father K

feed K

feet 1

find 1

fire K

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 139

firefighter -

first K

fit 1

five K

follow 2

forget 2

four 1

fresh 1

Friday 1

friend K

frog 1

front K

fur 1

game K

gay K

gentle 1

girl K

give K

glad K

glass K

goat K

god 7

gold 1

grass 1

guess 1

gun 3

ham 1

hand K

hang 1

happen K

happy K

hard K

have K

head K

hear 1

hello 3

help K

hen 1

her K

high K

him K

home K

honey 1

hop 1

horn 1

horse K

hot K

hotdog 3

hour 2

house K

how K

huge K

hurry 1

ice 1

if K

inside 1

jam 1

jet 1

job 1

joy 3

jump K

just K

kind 1

king K

kite K

know K

lady 7

lake 1

lamb 1

land K

last 1

late 1

laugh 1

lay K

learn 1

leave 1

left 1

leg 1

let K

letter K

light K

like K

lion 1

live K

long K

love 2

lunch K

mail 1

make 1

mama 4

man K

many 1

map 2

may 1

maybe K

mean 1

meet K

might K

milk K

miss K

mom 1

Monday 1

money 1

monkey 2

moon K

more K

morning K

mother K

Appendix 140

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mouse K

much 1

must 1

nap 2

near K

need K

nest 1

new K

next K

nice K

night K

nine 1

none K

nothing 2

now K

off 2

old K

once 1

one K

only 1

onto 2

open K

other K

our 1

over K

page 1

pan 1

papa 4

paper K

part 1

party 1

pass 3

pay K

peanut 1

pen 1

pencil 1

penny 1

people K

person 1

pick 1

picture 1

pig 1

place K

plane K

plate K

pocket K

pony 1

pool K

pop 2

print K

promise 1

proud 1

pull K

push 1

rabbit K

race 3

read 1

ready K

ribbon 1

ride 1

right 1

ring 1

road 1

rocket K

room K

rope 1

row 3

Saturday 1

saw K

school K

sea 1

seal K

second 1

seed 1

send 1

seven 1

sheep 1

ship 2

shoe 1

shop 1

should 3

shout 1

show 1

side K

sign 1

silly 2

six 1

sky K

sled 1

sleep K

small 1

snake K

snow 1

sock K

some K

song 1

soon K

sorry 1

spell 2

spin K

spot 2

spring K

squirrel 1

star 1

start 1

step 1

still 1

store K

Appendix 141

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street K

string K

summer 1

Sunday 1

sure 1

surprise K

swim 1

table K

tail 1

talk K

tell 1

ten 1

than K

thank K

their K

these K

thing K

think K

those 1

three K

Thursday 1

tie 1

tiger 2

time K

tiny K

today K

tomorrow 2

toss 3

town 1

toy K

train 1

trap 1

tree K

trick K

trip 2

truck 1

Tuesday 1

turn 1

turtle 1

two K

under 1

until 1

use 1

very K

wagon K

wait 1

walk 1

want K

was K

watch K

water K

way 2

Wednesday 1

week 2

well K

were K

whale K

when K

which 2

white K

why 1

wild K

window 1

wing K

winter 1

wish K

wolf 1

woman 1

word K

would K

write 1

year 1

yell K

Appendix 142

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 142

SECOND GRADE

Appendix 143

able 2

above 2

across 2

act 2

address 3

age 2

ahead 2

air K

alarm 3

alligator 4

almost 2

along 1

angel -

another 2

answer 2

any 1

April 2

August 3

aunt K

autumn 3

bake 1

ballet 7

banana 3

band 2

bandit K

bank 2

bar 6

basement 2

basket K

beach 2

beef 7

beehive 3

beep 5

behave 4

believe K

belong 2

below 3

belt 3

beside 2

between 3

bicycle 2

bit 2

bite 2

blame 2

blanket K

bless 2

block 4

blossom 2

blow 2

body K

boil 3

bottle 2

bottom 2

branch 2

brave 2

break 3

bridge 2

bright K

brook K

brother K

brush 2

bucket 2

bug 1

bump 2

bun 2

burn 2

butcher 3

butter 3

buy K

candle K

candy 2

canoe 2

carrot 3

carry 2

caterpillar 3

cellar 2

cent 2

center 2

cereal 2

chair K

chance 1

chase 2

cheek K

cheer 2

cheese K

cherry 2

chin 2

chips 2

choice K

choose 2

chop 2

chuckle 2

circle K

circus 1

climb 2

coach 3

copy 3

corn 2

correct 2

count 2

country 1

cover 2

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 143

cowboy 5

cracker -

crazy 3

cross 1

crow 1

crust 4

cub 2

cupcake 11

cupid -

dance 1

dear 2

December 2

decide 2

deep 2

deer 3

deliver 3

design 2

desk 3

dig 2

dinner 3

direction 3

dive 2

doctor K

dollar 2

donkey 2

door K

dough 4

doughnut -

dragon 2

drain 2

drip -

drive 2

driveway 6

drop 2

dumb 5

during 2

each K

eagle 2

ear K

east 2

easy 1

eighteen 7

eighty 5

eleven 4

empty 2

enjoy 3

enough 1

enter 2

evening 2

every 2

face K

fairy 3

family 2

fancy 3

fear 2

feather 2

February 3

feel 1

felt 1

fence 2

few 3

field 2

fifteen 3

fifty 3

fight K

fill 1

fine 2

finger 2

finish 2

fix 1

flag 1

flake -

flap 2

flat 2

float 2

floor K

flour 2

flower 1

fold 2

foot K

forest K

fork 3

forty 3

forward 3

found 1

fourteen 3

fowl K

fox 1

free 2

fruit K

full K

gallon 3

garden 1

gate 2

gather 1

giant 3

glasses 2

glue 3

gobble 3

good-bye -

goose 3

granny -

gravy -

great K

greet 3

Appendix 144

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 144

grin 2

grocery 3

ground 1

group 2

grow K

grumpy 3

gum 4

hair 2

half 2

hall 3

hamburger K

hammer 2

handle 2

hardly 1

hate 3

heat 1

heavy 2

helicopter 4

helium 4

hide K

hit 1

hold K

hole K

hood K

hope 2

hug 1

humor 5

hundred 2

hunt 3

hurt 1

hut 2

idea 2

important 2

ink 4

island 2

jacket 3

January 2

jar K

jay 2

jeans 2

jelly 3

join 1

joke 2

jolly 3

judge 2

juice 3

July 2

June 1

keep 1

key 2

kill 4

kitchen 1

knife 3

ladder 2

ladybug 2

lamp K

large 2

lawyer 2

lazy 2

leaf 2

less 3

lesson 2

library 2

lid 2

life 2

lift 2

likely 2

limit 2

line 1

listen 2

lock K

lot 1

loud 2

low 2

luck 3

magic 1

magnet 3

March 2

mark 2

mask 2

meal 3

measure 2

meat 3

medicine 4

melt 3

merry 3

middle 2

mile 3

mine 2

minus 11

minute 3

mirror 5

mix 2

month 2

most 2

mountain 2

mouth 2

move K

music 2

nail 2

needle 3

neighbor 3

net K

never 1

nineteen 5

Appendix 145

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 145

ninety 3

noise 1

noon 1

north 2

nose K

note 2

November 4

number 3

nut K

ocean 2

October 3

odd 3

often 2

oil 2

orange 3

outside K

oven 3

owl 2

own 1

oxygen 3

pair 3

pancake 4

pants 2

parade K

parent 3

park K

parrot 2

past 3

paste 4

pat 1

path 2

paw 1

peach 2

pear 3

peel -

peep 4

pepper 5

perfect 2

phone K

picnic 1

pie K

piece 2

pile 2

pink 2

pipe 2

pizza 3

plain 3

plan 2

plant K

please K

plus 6

point K

police 2

poor 1

popcorn 2

possible 4

postcard -

pot 1

pour 2

power 2

practice 2

present 1

press 1

pretty K

prize 2

pudding -

puddle 3

pup 4

purple 2

quack 2

quart 2

question 2

quick 3

quiet K

quit 2

radio 3

rag 2

rainbow 3

raise 2

ranch 1

rare 5

real 2

record K

reindeer 3

rest 2

return 1

rich 2

river 2

roar 3

robin 4

rock K

roll 2

roof 1

rooster 3

rose 1

round 2

rub 1

rug 3

rush 1

safe 1

sail 2

salad 2

salt 2

same 3

sand 1

Appendix 146

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 146

sandwich 2

sauce 2

sausage 7

save 1

scare 2

science 3

scissors 4

score 2

scratch 2

season 5

seat K

seem 3

self 3

selfish 5

sell 2

September 1

set 1

seventeen 6

seventy 3

shake 1

shall 2

shape 3

sheet 2

shell 2

shirt 2

short 1

shovel 2

shut 2

signal 3

since 3

sink 2

sister 2

sixteen 2

sixty 3

size 2

skate 2

skirt 3

sleigh 7

slide 2

slow 1

smart 2

smell 1

smile K

smoke K

snack 6

soak 2

soft 1

sound 2

soup 2

south 2

speak 2

speed 2

spend 2

spider 3

spill 3

splash K

split 2

spoon 3

sprinkle 2

stamp K

stand 1

stare 2

state K

station 4

stick 2

stir 4

stove K

strange 1

strawberry 6

stream K

strong 1

stupid -

subtract 1

such 2

sudden 4

sugar 3

supper 3

sweet 2

syrup 3

tadpole 5

tall K

tape 2

taste 2

tattle -

teach 3

tear 4

television 2

test K

thin 1

thirteen 3

thirty 3

thought K

throat 2

through 1

throw K

thumb 2

tick 2

tip 5

tire 1

title 2

toad 2

toast 3

toe 2

together 1

tonight 2

Appendix 147

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tool 2

tooth 2

top K

toward 3

tower 5

track 2

tractor 3

travel 3

treat 3

trot 5

trouble 2

true 2

trunk 2

try 2

turkey 2

turkey 2

twelve 2

twenty 2

twig 2

ugly 2

uncle 1

understand 3

upon 3

upset 2

valentine -

van -

vegetables 2

visit 2

voice 2

wake 2

wall 1

wander 2

warm 1

wash K

wave 1

wear 2

weed 2

weekend 2

welcome 5

west 2

while K

whisker 4

whisper 2

wide 2

wind 1

wise 2

without 2

wonder 2

wool 2

world 2

worm 5

worry 2

wrong 1

yard K

yesterday 2

yet 4

yolk -

young 2

Appendix 148

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 148

THIRD GRADE

Appendix 149

aboard 3

accident 3

ache 2

adopt -

adult 3

adventure 3

adverb 3

advice 3

Africa 3

against 3

agree 4

aim 3

airport 3

Alabama 5

Alaska 3

album 5

alert 4

alley 6

allow 5

alphabet 4

already K

although 3

ambulance 6

America 3

among 3

amount 3

amuse 3

anger 5

announce 3

annoy 5

Antarctica 5

anxious 3

apart 3

apartment K

ape 6

apology 7

apostrophe -

appear 3

approve -

apron -

area 3

argue 3

arithmetic 3

Arizona 4

Arkansas 4

arm 2

army 3

arrange 3

arrive 3

arrow 3

art 3

article 5

Asia 4

ass -

Atlantic 3

attack K

attention 3

attic 5

attitude 5

Australia 4

author 3

autograph -

automobile 3

avenue 4

award 3

aware 5

awful 3

awhile 4

babe 5

baboon -

backward 6

bacon 3

badge 3

balcony 5

bald 7

Band-Aid

bang 7

barbecue -

bare 3

baseball K

basketball 2

bath 3

bathroom 9

batter 4

battery 4

bead 3

beak 5

beam 3

beard 7

beast 3

beat 1

beauty 3

beaver 3

become 3

beetle -

beg -

being 3

belly 3

bench 3

bend 2

beneath 4

berry 4

bet 3

Bethlehem -

beware 3

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 149

bib -

bible -

bill K

birth 3

bitter 5

blackboard -

bleed 3

blend 5

blink 4

bloom 3

blot 2

board 2

boast 3

bone 3

bonnet 3

born 2

borrow 5

boss 3

bother 4

bounce 4

bow 3

bowling 6

bracelet 2

braid 11

brain 5

breath 3

breeze 2

brick 3

broke 2

broom K

brownie 3

bubble 3

buckle 4

bud 4

buffalo 3

buggy -

build 2

bulb 5

bum -

bunch 4

bundle 3

bunk -

burglar -

burro 3

burst 4

bury -

business 3

busy 3

buzz -

cab 3

cabin 3

cactus 4

California 4

calm 3

camera 3

canyon 3

cape 6

capital 2

captain 3

cardboard 3

caribou 3

carol 1

carpenter 4

carpet 3

cartoon 5

carve 3

case 2

castle 2

cattail -

cattle 4

cause 2

caution 3

caw 2

ceiling 2

celebrate 2

celery 6

cell 5

cemetery 7

certain 3

chalk 5

chalkboard 7

change 2

charge 2

chart 3

cheat 7

check 2

cheep -

chest 3

chew 3

Chicago 3

chief 3

chili -

chimney 3

chimpanzee 4

chipmunk -

chocolate 3

chunk -

church 3

churn 3

clam 3

clap 3

claw 3

clay 2

clean 1

clear 2

clever 3

cliff 2

clip 3

Appendix 150

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clop -

clothing 3

clover 5

club 4

cluck -

clue 2

coast 4

cob 2

cocoon -

code 7

coin 3

collar 4

Colorado 4

colt 3

column 4

comb 3

comfort 4

comma -

command 3

common 4

community 3

company 3

complain 3

complete 2

cone 1

Connecticut 5

consonant -

content 3

contest 2

continue 3

cool 2

copper 4

coral 4

corral 4

cost 3

costume 3

cotton 3

county 3

courage 4

course 4

court 4

cowhand -

cozy 3

crab 1

crack 3

craft 4

cranberry -

crank 9

crash 3

crawl 3

cream 3

creature 3

creek 2

creep 3

cricket K

crisp 7

crocodile 4

crooked 2

crop 3

crowd 1

crown 3

cruel 4

cube 2

cucumber -

curious 3

curl 2

curtain 5

curve 3

customer 3

cute 4

daffodil 4

dairy 4

daisy 3

Dallas 4

damp 4

dandelion -

danger 2

dare 3

dash 2

daughter 4

dead 4

deal 3

deck 3

Delaware 3

delicious 3

delight 6

denominator 6

dent 5

Denver 3

department 3

describe 4

desert 1

desire 3

dessert 4

devil 11

diamond 4

diaper 6

dictionary 3

die 3

difficult 4

digit 3

dim 4

dime 4

dinosaur 4

direct 5

dirt 2

discover 4

distant 3

Appendix 151

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 151

disturb 3

dock K

dodge 4

double 3

downtown 3

dozen 3

drag 5

drawer 1

dread 6

drift 4

drown -

drowsy 9

drug 3

drugstore 5

drum 1

dull 3

dump 4

dust K

dwarf 7

eager 4

eardrum -

earn 3

earth 3

either 4

elastic 6

elbow -

electric 3

elementary 4

elf 3

elm 5

encyclopedia 4

enemy 3

energy 3

engine 3

entertain 4

entrance 6

equator 3

erase 6

errand -

escape 2

Europe -

ever 3

evil 4

exact 3

exam 7

excite 9

exclaim 4

excuse 4

exit 3

experiment 4

explain 5

explore 3

extra 3

fact 3

factory 3

faint 3

fake 6

falcon 7

false 2

familiar 4

faucet 5

fault 3

feast 3

fellow 6

female 4

fern 3

fib -

fiction 3

fierce 3

fife -

figure 3

final 5

fir 4

firecracker -

firehouse 4

fireworks 6

firm 2

fist 3

flame 4

flash 2

flee 5

flop -

Florida 3

flow 3

flush 7

flutter 10

fog 3

foil 7

folder 3

fool 3

football 4

force 3

forever 2

forgive 6

form 2

forth 3

fossil 3

fountain 3

foursquare -

frame 9

freeze 4

frost 4

frown 2

fry -

fudge 3

fuel 3

fulcrum 11

garage 3

Appendix 152

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 152

garbage 4

gas 3

gasp -

gaze 4

Georgia 2

germ 5

germinate 11

ghost 2

gift 1

giggle -

giraffe 4

glide 4

globe 4

glove 5

goodnight 4

gorilla 5

gown 5

grab 5

grade 3

graham 7

grain 5

grand 3

grandparent -

grape 8

grapefruit 11

graph 3

growl -

grown-up -

guard 4

guest 4

guitar 3

gull 2

gulp -

habit 3

hamster 3

handkerchief 4

handsome 4

hangar -

harbor 3

harm 3

harp 3

harvest 3

hatch 3

Hawaii 7

hawk 3

hay 3

headline -

heap 4

heart 3

heel 2

height 3

hell -

helmet -

hem -

herd 3

hero 4

hibernate 6

highway 3

hip 7

hippopotamus 5

hire 3

hive 3

hollow 3

holster -

honest 4

honk -

honor 3

hook 4

hoop -

hopscotch 5

hose 2

hospital 3

hotel 3

hound 3

Houston 6

howl 3

hum -

human 4

hunger 4

hurrah -

husband 3

husky 6

hydrant -

icicle 3

Idaho 6

identify 4

ill 3

Illinois 5

impossible 5

inch 3

indeed 3

index 5

Indiana 5

indoors 4

inn 3

insect 5

instead 3

instrument 3

interest 3

invite 3

Iowa 5

iron 3

item 3

jail 5

jeep 7

jerk 3

jigsaw -

jingle 5

Appendix 153

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joint 3

journey 3

jungle 3

kangaroo 4

Kansas 9

kennel -

Kentucky 4

kick 2

kindergarten -

kingdom 3

kiss -

kit 5

knee 2

kneel 9

knock 2

knot 2

label 2

lace 3

lad 2

lane 2

language K

lap 4

larva 3

lasso -

law 3

lawn 3

lead 2

leak 6

lean 3

least 3

leather 3

lemon 3

length 3

leopard 3

lettuce 3

level 3

lick -

lie 3

lighthouse 3

lightning 6

lilac -

limb 3

lip 4

liquid 4

list 3

liter 2

lizard 3

load 3

loaf 2

lobster 5

log 2

lollipop -

lone 2

loop 3

loose-leaf 9

Los Angeles -

lose 1

Louisiana 4

lullaby -

lump 3

machine 3

magazine 3

maid 3

main 4

Maine 5

major 3

makeup 6

male 5

mall 6

mammal 3

manhole -

Manila -

manner 6

margarine 6

margin 9

market 3

marry 6

marshal 11

marshmallow 6

Maryland 5

Massachusetts 5

mat 8

match K

matter 4

mayor 3

meadow 2

medal 7

member 4

mention 5

meow 3

message 2

metal 3

meter 2

method 4

Miami 1

Michigan 5

microscope 3

microwave 3

midget -

mild 4

mill 3

million 3

mind 4

Minnesota 5

Mississippi 4

Missouri 5

mist 7

mistake 2

Appendix 154

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moan 2

modern 4

modest 2

mold 3

moment 2

monster 3

Montana 4

moo -

moose 4

mosquito 5

moss 4

motel -

moth 4

motor 4

mound 2

mow -

mulberry -

mule 4

mumps -

museum 3

mush 2

mushroom 3

mutter 4

mystery 3

narrow 2

nation 4

neat 2

Nebraska 5

neck 2

necklace 2

neither 5

nephew 3

nervous 3

Nevada 8

New Hampshire-

New Jersey -

New Mexico -

New York -

news 3

nickel 4

nickname 6

niece 8

nimble -

nobody 3

nod -

noodle 5

North America -

North Carolina -

North Dakota -

notice 4

noun 4

numeral 3

nurse 2

o’clock 1

oak 3

oatmeal -

obey 4

object 3

offer 4

office 2

officer 3

Ohio 5

okay 5

Oklahoma 8

olive 3

onion 3

opinion 3

opposite 3

orbit 2

orchard 4

order 3

Oregon 2

otter 4

ought 3

outdoors 3

oval 9

overhead 5

ox 9

Pacific 4

pack K

paddle -

pageant 6

pail 3

pain 2

pajamas 3

pal 9

palace 3

pale 3

palm 3

pane 6

pant 3

parka 4

partridge -

passage 3

pasture 6

patch K

pattern 3

peacock 12

peas 3

pedal 6

peek -

penguin 4

Pennsylvania 3

perhaps 3

perimeter 3

period 3

pest 3

petal 5

Appendix 155

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piano 3

pigeon 3

pilgrim 9

pillow 2

pilot 4

pine 3

pint 3

pioneer 4

pirate 5

pistil 5

pitch 3

pitcher 3

planet 3

plastic 3

plenty 3

plow 3

plug 4

poem 5

poke 4

pole 2

polite 3

pollen 4

pond 3

poplar 3

poppy -

porch 3

post 4

poster 5

potato 3

pound 4

praise 2

pray -

prepare 2

president 3

pretend 3

prince 3

problem 3

produce 3

professor 3

pronoun -

pronounce 4

proper 2

protect 2

protest 5

prove 4

provide 3

puff 2

pump 3

pumpkin 4

punish 3

pupil 4

puppet 2

pure 4

purr 5

purse 3

pus -

puzzle 11

quarter 3

queen 6

queer -

quicksand -

quite 4

quiz 8

radish 4

railroad 3

raisin -

rake 5

range 5

raspberry -

rat 4

rather 3

reach 2

rear 8

reason 2

recess 5

recite 2

rectangle 4

refuse 3

regular 4

relax 3

relief 2

religion 4

remain 1

remember 3

remind 3

remove 3

rent 7

repair 1

reply 2

report 3

reptile 3

respect 4

restaurant 5

reward 3

rhinoceros 6

Rhode Island -

rhyme 7

rhythm 9

rib 2

rice 3

rid 6

riddle 3

rink 2

rip 3

ripe 2

ripple 4

roam 2

roast 3

Appendix 156

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rob 2

robe 5

robot 7

Rockies -

rod 6

rodeo 3

root 3

rubber 3

rude 3

ruin 4

rule 3

sack 5

saddle 5

sale K

sample K

San Francisco -

sap 3

satin -

satisfy 5

saucer -

scale K

scar 2

scarf 3

scatter 4

schedule 6

scold 3

scoop 7

scrapbook -

scrape 4

scream 4

screen 6

scribble -

scrub -

search 3

secret 2

section 3

seize 4

select 2

sense 2

sentence 2

separate 5

serious 3

serve 3

settle 2

several 3

sew 3

shade 2

shadow 5

share 5

sharp 2

shave -

shed 5

shelf 2

shelter 4

shepherd 3

sheriff 3

shine 2

shiver 11

shock 7

shoot 2

shore 3

shorts 7

shove 4

shrimp 3

shrink 3

shy 4

sick 3

sidewalk 2

sigh K

sight 4

signature 7

silent 3

silk 4

sill -

silver 3

simple 2

sin -

single 4

sip 12

sir 4

skeleton 3

ski 11

skill 5

skin 4

skip 9

skunk 3

skyscraper 5

slap 3

slave 3

sleeve 5

slice 5

slime 3

slowpoke -

slumber 7

smash -

smooth 2

snap 3

sneeze 4

sniff 3

snob -

soap 2

soar 2

sob -

soda 4

soil 2

soldier 4

son 3

sort 5

Appendix 157

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 157

sour 3

South Carolina -

South Dakota -

sow 7

space 3

spank -

spare 3

spark -

special 1

speech 3

spoil 3

spray 6

spy 3

square 3

squawk -

squeak K

squeal -

squeeze 3

stable 5

stack 2

stairs 2

stamen 5

starfish 5

starve 7

statue 3

steal 5

steam 3

steer 3

stem 4

stew 4

sticker 4

stiff 3

stocking -

stomach 4

stone 1

stool 3

storm 2

straight 3

strap 4

straw 12

strike 3

strip 5

stripe 4

student 3

study 3

stuff 5

substance 3

suit 4

sundae -

supermarket 7

surface 3

swallow 4

sweater 3

sweep 2

swing K

swirl 3

swish -

switch 3

sword 3

symbol 3

system 4

tablespoon 6

taco 5

tag 4

tale 3

tan 3

tap 3

task 5

taxi -

tea 2

team 3

teapot 4

tease 9

teaspoon 4

telephone 3

temperature 3

tender 3

Tennessee 5

tent 3

terrible 2

terror 3

tether -

Texas 1

thermometer 3

thick 2

thief 3

thirst 3

though 2

thousand 3

thread 3

thunder 3

ticket K

tickle K

tight 4

tights -

till2

tin4

tinfoil -

ting -

toboggan -

tomato 3

ton 3

tongue 4

tortoise -

touch 2

touchdown 9

towel 4

trace 2

Appendix 158

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 158

trade 5

traffic 3

trail 2

trailer 3

trash 4

tray 3

treasure 3

tremble 3

triangle 3

tribe 2

trickle -

troll -

trust 3

tub K

tube 3

tug 2

tulip 4

tune 6

tunnel 3

twin 1

twist 4

type 3

ukulele -

umbrella 5

underneath 4

unit 3

United States -

unless 3

upward 2

usual 3

Utah 7

vacant 3

vacation 3

valley 4

value 4

velvet 9

verb 4

Vermont 5

vest 3

village 4

violin 3

Virginia 5

vowel 4

voyage 3

waffle -

wag 3

wail 5

waist 3

waiter 8

war 2

warn 3

Washington 2

waste 2

watermelon 4

weak 3

weary 2

weather 3

wed -

weep 2

weigh 3

West Virginia -

wheat 3

wheel 4

wheelbarrow -

whether 5

whimper -

whip -

whir -

whistle 4

whole 3

whoop -

whoosh -

wicked 4

wife 9

wig 1

wiggle -

willow 3

win 3

windmill 9

wink 2

wipe 3

wire 1

Wisconsin 5

witch 4

within 5

wood 3

woodpecker 4

worse 3

worst 3

worth 2

wound 9

wow -

wrap 3

wreck 3

wriggle -

wrist 3

Wyoming 5

yarn 3

yawn 3

yeast 6

zebra 9

zip 11

zoom -

Appendix 159

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 159

abbreviate 2

absent 4

absorb 4

accent 5

accept 3

accordion -

accuse 4

ace 3

acid 3

acorn -

acrobat 6

actual 3

adjective 4

adjust 6

admire 3

admit 6

affair 7

afford 3

agriculture 6

aid 3

airline 4

aisle 5

alfalfa 7

algae 5

almanac 5

aloud 5

altitude 4

aluminum 4

amaze 4

ambush -

anchor 4

Anchorage -

ancient 3

Andes 4

ankle 5

anniversary 5

annual 4

antelope -

anthem -

antonym -

appetite 4

applaud 5

appreciate 5

approach 2

approximate 3

apricot 7

aquarium 3

arch 4

arctic 3

ark 3

arrest -

artificial 4

ash 7

aspen -

aspirin 3

assign 6

assortment 8

athlete 4

Atlanta 3

atlas 4

atmosphere 5

atom 4

attach 3

attend 4

attract 4

audience 4

auditorium 4

auto 5

average 3

avoid 4

awe 7

awkward 5

axe -

axle 4

babble -

background 4

balance 3

bale -

ballad 7

ballpoint 5

ballroom -

Baltic 7

bamboo 5

bandage 5

banjo -

banner 4

banquet 3

bargain 4

barrel 4

barrow -

barter -

base 3

basic 4

basin 4

bat 1

batch -

baton -

battle 4

bawl -

bay K

beagle 5

bedspread -

beer -

beet 3

behold -

Appendix 160

FOURTH GRADE

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 160

beige -

belch -

beyond 6

bibliography 6

bid 4

billion 6

biography 7

birch -

blacksmith 4

blade 6

blank 2

blast 5

blaze 4

bleacher -

bleat -

blind 4

blizzard 5

blood 5

blouse -

blurt -

blush 7

bobsled -

bold 5

bomb -

bonus 6

bookworm 4

booth 4

border 4

Boston 3

bough -

boulder 4

bound 6

bounty 4

bouquet -

brag -

braille 4

brake -

brand 4

brass 5

breast 7

brew 6

bride 5

brief 3

brilliant 4

brim 4

brisk 4

broad 3

bronze 5

brow 4

bruise 4

buddy -

budge 2

budget 5

buffet -

bull 7

bulldog 5

bullet 6

bulletin 4

bully 7

buoy -

burp -

burrow 5

bushel 9

butler -

butte -

buttercup -

cabbage 6

cable 4

caboose -

calendar 3

calorie 5

Canada 2

canary 5

cancel 7

cane 5

capable 4

capacity 4

capillary -

capitol 7

capsule 4

capture 3

caramel -

carbohydrate 7

carbon 3

career 5

carnation -

carnival 3

carriage 8

carton 3

cartwheel -

cash 4

casserole 6

cassette 7

cast K

catsup -

cauliflower 10

cavern -

cedar 7

cello -

cellophane -

Celsius 5

cement 3

Centigrade -

centipede -

century 4

challenge 8

champion 3

channel 5

Appendix 161

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 161

chant 7

chap 5

chapel -

chapter 3

character 4

charcoal 3

chariot 6

charm 3

cheap 2

checkers 5

chemical 3

chestnut -

chill -

China 4

chip K

chirp 4

choir 7

choke -

chord 4

chore 5

chorus 4

chow -

chubby -

chuck 3

chug -

cigar -

cinder -

cirrus -

citizen 4

clang -

clank -

clarinet 8

clasp -

clatter -

click 10

climate 3

cling 9

clink -

closet 4

clump -

clumsy 2

cluster -

clutch -

coal 3

coarse 7

cobra 6

cocoa 5

cod 7

coffee 4

coffin -

coil -

coliseum 9

collect 3

college 4

collie 5

colony 4

comet 4

comic 3

comment 5

commercial 4

committee 5

communicate 4

compass 3

compose -

compound 7

concentrate 4

concert 5

condition 4

congruent 3

conjunction -

consider 4

consist 6

constellation 5

constitute -

construct 7

contagious -

contain 4

continent 4

contrary 8

control 4

convenient 9

convince 4

coop -

cooperate 4

cord 3

core 4

cork K

cot -

cottage 4

cottonwood -

cougar -

cough 5

council 4

counter 4

couple 6

coupon 6

courteous 7

courtyard -

cousin 3

coward 4

coyote 4

cradle 5

crate -

creak 5

create 5

crew 7

crib 6

crime 4

Appendix 162

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croak 4

crook 5

crossword 4

crouch -

crowbar -

crumb -

crunch -

crush 4

crystal 8

cuckoo -

cuddle -

culture 5

cumulus -

cupboard 5

cure 3

current 4

custom 4

cycle 3

cylinder 3

cymbal -

dab 4

dam 5

damage 4

dandy -

dart 5

date 3

dawn 3

daze 6

deadline -

deaf 3

death 5

deciduous -

decimal 5

decrease 4

defend 5

define 4

definite 3

degree 4

den 4

denomination -

dense 4

deny 7

depend 4

deposit 5

depot 9

deputy 11

deserve 12

desperate 5

destroy 4

detergent 11

detour -

Detroit 4

develop 4

dew 6

diagram 3

dial 5

diary 5

dice 5

diet 4

dine K

dioxide 3

dip 4

disappoint 9

disaster 5

discipline 5

discourage 9

discuss 7

disguise 4

displace -

dissolve 5

ditch 4

divide 3

dizzy 4

dodo 11

dome 3

doodle 7

doubt 4

dove 4

downpour 6

doze 11

drab 9

drama 7

drape -

drawbridge -

dribble -

drill 3

drizzle 10

drought 5

duel -

duke K

dunce 7

dune -

dung -

dungeon 7

earthquake 3

ease 7

echo 4

educate 12

effect 5

effort 4

electron 4

elegant 4

element 4

elk -

elsewhere 7

embarrass 11

emergency 7

empire 7

Appendix 163

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England 4

enlarge 4

enormous 2

enthusiasm 4

entire 4

envelope 4

equal 3

equilateral -

error 4

erupt 11

essay 6

establish 5

estimate 3

evaporate 6

event 4

evidence 3

example 3

excellent 5

except 4

exchange 4

exercise 4

exhale -

exhaust -

exhibit 4

exist 4

expect 5

expensive 4

experience 4

expert 4

express 4

extend 7

eyebrow -

eyelash -

factor 5

fade -

Fahrenheit 4

fail 2

faith 11

fame 4

fashion 4

fasten 4

favor 4

fawn -

fee 5

ferry 6

festival 5

fetch -

file 4

film 5

fin 5

finch 4

flannel -

flare 11

flask 3

flavor 4

flea 8

flesh 5

fling 6

flip -

flipper -

flock 5

flood 4

fluff -

fluid 4

flute 3

foam 11

folk 5

forbid 6

ford 7

forearm 11

forehead -

foreign 3

foreword 7

fort 6

fortune 7

foul 7

fraction 3

freckle -

freeway 9

freshman 7

fret 6

friction 5

frustrate -

fumble -

fungus 5

furnace 4

furnish 6

furniture 3

further 8

future 4

gallop -

gander -

gang 5

gangplank -

gap 7

garter -

gauze -

gear 5

general 4

generous 4

genie -

geography 4

geranium 9

Germany 3

gigantic 6

glacier 5

glance 6

glare 5

Appendix 164

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glaze -

glimpse 4

glisten 5

glitter 3

gloom 5

glossary 4

glow 5

gnaw 4

goal 6

goblin -

goggles 7

goldenrod -

golf 5

gong -

gossip -

grace 3

gradual 4

graduate 9

gram 2

grammar 7

grasshopper 5

grate 7

grateful 4

gravity 3

graze 4

grease 5

Great Britain -

greenhouse 1

Greenland 4

greyhound -

griddle -

grill 5

grind 4

grip -

groan 3

groom 3

grouch -

grunt 5

guide 3

gulf 4

gully 6

guppy -

gurgle -

gut -

guy -

gym 5

gypsy -

hail 5

halo -

hammock 7

handball 5

handcuff -

hardware 6

harmonica 9

harpoon -

Harrisburg -

harrow -

harsh 5

Hartford -

hatchet 2

haul 5

hazard 5

hazel -

headdress -

headquarters 7

heal 5

health 3

heave -

heaven -

hedge 5

hemisphere 5

hesitate 6

hiccup -

hike 3

hind 4

hinge 4

hint 11

hiss -

history 4

hitch 3

hobby 6

hobo 4

hockey 10

hoe 5

holiday 3

holler -

holly -

holy 11

homespun 11

homonym -

hoof -

hoot K

horizontal 7

horror 5

household 7

however 4

hubbub -

huckleberry -

huddle 4

humble 2

humid 5

hunch 9

hush 5

hutch -

hydrogen 4

hymn 6

hyphen 9

iceberg 7

Appendix 165

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icebox -

ideal 7

idle 4

igloo -

ignite 10

image 3

imagine 3

imitate 9

immediate 9

improve 5

increase 4

indent -

individual 5

industry 5

influence 4

inner 4

inning -

innocent 4

insist 4

inspect -

instant 5

instruct 6

intelligent 5

interrupt 4

intestine 7

introduce 7

invent 5

invisible 4

inward 6

iodine 9

irrigate 6

itch 4

jabber -

jack 1

jackknife -

Jacksonville 5

janitor 5

Japan 4

jaw 5

jellyfish 5

jersey 4

Jerusalem 7

jewel 3

jewelry 4

jig 5

journal 5

jug 7

juggle -

junction 4

junior 5

junk 4

Jupiter 4

kernel -

kettle 5

keyboard -

kid 4

kidney -

kimono -

knit -

knothole -

knuckle 7

lab 9

labor 7

laboratory 7

lack 4

ladle -

lame -

lantern 7

lariat -

lark -

lash -

lass -

latch 6

launch 4

lava 4

lavender -

layer 4

leap 2

lease 10

ledge 3

legend 4

lens 5

lever 6

liar -

liberty 4

licorice -

lily 6

lime 3

limestone 4

limp 4

lipstick -

litter 2

liver 7

llama 4

loan 3

lobby 9

locate 1

locket 4

lodge 8

London 3

loom 9

lope 7

lord 5

loss 5

lotion 8

luggage 7

lumber 3

lunar 7

Appendix 166

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lurch -

macaroni -

magma 11

magnificent 5

magnify 7

maintain 5

manage 4

mane 4

mantle 4

manufacture 6

manure -

maple 3

marble 4

marigold 7

marmalade 10

Mars 4

mascot 5

mash 4

mast 5

master -

material 4

math 4

mattress -

maypole -

McKinley -

meanwhile 6

mechanic 4

medium 7

melody -

melon 3

memorial 8

memory 4

Memphis 5

mend 6

mental 7

menu 5

Mercury 4

mermaid 4

mesa 7

meteor 4

metric 4

Mexico 4

midnight 3

Milwaukee 9

minnow -

minor 3

mission 4

mister -

mitt 3

mittens -

moccasin 12

mock -

model 4

moderate 9

moist 4

mollusk 4

monitor 4

mood 5

mop 3

Moscow 7

motion 4

mount -

movie 1

muff -

muffin -

muffler -

mug -

muggy -

multiply 3

mumble 4

mummy 5

munch -

muscle 7

mustache 7

mustard 3

mutt -

myth 5

nab -

naked 6

napkin -

nasty 7

native 4

nature 3

naughty -

navy 4

necessary 5

Neptune 6

Netherlands 10

neutron 4

New Orleans -

nibble 5

nightmare -

nitrogen 3

nook 9

nor 5

Norway 7

notch 5

novel 5

nozzle -

nucleus 4

nudge -

numb 4

nun -

nuzzle -

nylon 8

oar 9

oasis 4

oats 7

Appendix 167

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oblong 4

oboe -

observe 4

occupation 5

occur 6

Omaha 5

omit 4

ooze -

operate 4

opportunity 5

orchestra 5

ordinary 6

organ 12

organize 5

orient -

oriole -

ornament 5

ornery -

ostrich 7

ounce 4

outfit 5

outskirts -

overalls 4

owe 7

pad 4

padlock 4

pantry -

papoose -

parable -

parachute 9

paraffin 7

paragraph 3

parallelogram 6

parcel 6

pardon -

parenthesis -

participate 5

particular 5

partner 4

passenger 4

patent 9

patient 4

patio 9

patrol 4

pause 4

pave -

peace 4

peak 3

pearl 5

pebble 4

peck 7

peer 5

pelican 12

penetrate 4

pennant -

percussion -

perennial 7

perfume 9

permit 4

Persia 4

petticoat -

petunia -

pheasant 8

Philadelphia 5

Phoenix 4

phonograph 5

photosynthesis 5

phrase 3

piccolo -

pickle 5

pickup 4

pigtail -

pill 4

pillar -

pinch 9

pineapple -

pinwheel -

pistol 6

pit 3

pity 4

pixy -

planetarium 4

plaster 11

plateau 4

platform 3

platter 5

plaza 4

plop -

plot 6

plum 3

plumber 5

plump 5

plural 6

Pluto 5

pod 5

poet 5

poison 4

policy 5

polish 4

polka 12

poll 4

pollute 4

polygon -

poncho -

poodle 6

popover -

popular 3

porcupine 7

Appendix 168

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porpoise 5

porridge -

port 3

portfolio 9

position 5

positive 4

postage 7

postmaster -

postpone -

posture 7

poultry 4

practical 6

prairie 4

preach 6

precious 4

precipitation 5

predicate 4

prefer 4

prefix 4

preposition -

prevent 3

pride 7

primary 5

principal 4

prism 5

prison 5

private 5

process 4

procrastinate -

product 4

program 3

proof 4

proofread -

property 5

proton 4

protrude 11

Providence -

prowl 5

public 3

publish 5

pulley -

pullover -

pulse 3

punch 4

punctuate -

puncture 4

pupa 3

purpose 3

putter -

pyramid 4

quadrilateral -

quail 10

qualify 6

quarantine 5

quarrel 4

quartet -

quilt 5

quiver 4

quotient -

raccoon 2

raccoon -

racket 5

raft 5

rage 5

rail -

railway 7

ramp 7

rapid 5

rattle 5

rattlesnake 4

raw 5

ray K

razor 9

realize 5

receipt 2

receive 4

recipe 4

recognize 5

recover 6

redcoat -

reduce 4

redwood 11

reed 6

regard 7

region 4

regret 7

rein -

rely 6

remark 4

repeat 7

represent 4

rescue 3

research 6

reservoir 7

respond 5

responsible 4

result 4

reveal 5

revoke -

revolution 4

Richmond -

ridge 11

rifle 6

rigid 7

rinse -

rise 3

rot 4

rough 3

Appendix 169

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 169

route 4

routine 6

royal 4

ruby 2

ruff -

ruffle -

runaway -

rung 4

runt -

rural 4

Russia 4

rust 4

rustle 5

rustler -

sag -

Sahara 4

sake 11

salary 4

salmon 4

San Diego -

sandal -

sash -

satellite 4

Saturn 4

sawmill -

saxophone -

scalp -

scene 4

scent -

scoot -

scout 4

scowl 2

scramble -

screw 9

screwdriver 6

scrimp 12

scripture -

scum -

seafood 6

seam K

Seattle 8

seaweed 5

secretary 4

secrete -

secure 5

seek 4

seldom 5

senor 4

sensitive 6

series 4

sermon -

sewer 11

sex 5

shack -

shale 4

shallow 4

shame 8

shampoo 4

shawl 5

sherbet 6

shift -

shipment 2

shortening 4

shorthand -

shortstop 4

shoulders 5

shred 5

shrill 9

shrub 4

shrug -

shuffle -

sideburns -

sideways 7

sierra 8

sift 5

silverware -

similar 4

simile 11

siren 10

sissy -

situation 6

skein -

skid 7

skillet -

skim 11

skinny 7

skittish -

slab -

slacks 7

slam 3

slang -

slant 10

slash 4

sleet 6

slender 4

slick 7

slight 4

slim 4

sling -

slip 4

slop -

slug -

sly 4

smack -

smear -

smith 3

smog 7

smokestack -

Appendix 170

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 170

smother 4

smudge -

snail 3

snapdragon -

sneak 3

snicker -

snip -

snoop -

snooze -

snore -

snort -

snub -

snug -

sober 7

soccer 5

social 2

sofa 7

softball 6

soggy 7

solar 4

solid 3

solo 8

solve 3

somersault -

somewhat 5

sonar -

soothe 5

sore 4

source 5

souvenir -

soybean -

spa -

spaghetti 3

Spain 4

spangle -

spaniel -

sparrow 9

spat -

spatula -

spear 5

species 7

speck 4

spectacles -

sphere 4

spice 11

spike -

spinach 3

spiral 5

spit -

splice -

splinter -

sponge 4

sponsor 9

spook -

spore 12

sport 3

sprain -

spread K

sprout 5

spur 7

sputter -

squash 8

squat 5

squaw -

squirm -

squirt 5

St. Louis -

staff 4

stage 3

stagecoach 4

stain 7

stale -

stalk -

stall 5

stallion -

staple 7

startle 4

steadfast -

steady 4

steak 4

steel 3

steep 4

steeple -

sting 4

stingy 9

stink -

stitch 3

stock 2

stockade -

stopwatch -

strain 5

strait 6

streak 8

stretch 3

strict 11

stride -

stroke 5

stroll 8

structure 6

struggle 7

strum -

stubborn 5

stumble -

stump 5

sturdy 2

subject 4

submarine 3

subway 2

Appendix 171

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succeed 4

suck 7

suffer -

sufficient 5

suffix 4

suggest 5

suitcase 5

sum 4

sunflower 5

super 4

superior 5

supply 5

support 4

suppose 4

surround 4

suspect 5

suspender 5

swamp 7

swan -

sway 5

swear -

sweat -

swell 4

swift 4

syllable 4

synonym 4

synthesis 8

tab -

tablet -

tack 4

tackle 4

talent 6

tambourine -

tame 3

tank 3

tardy 2

tassel -

taupe -

tee 5

teenager 6

teepee 9

teeter -

telegram 9

telegraph 4

telescope 7

telltale -

temper -

temple 3

tend 7

tennis 3

termite 4

terrier -

territory 4

text 7

texture -

thaw 4

thee -

theft 7

therefore 4

thimble -

thistle -

thong -

thorax -

thorn 9

thou -

thrill 4

thud 5

thumbtack -

thump 5

thus 6

thy 4

tiddlywinks -

tide 4

tilt -

timid 7

tingle -

tinsel -

tint 7

tiresome -

‘tis -

toadstool 10

Tokyo 5

tole -

tom-tom -

tomahawk -

tomboy -

tone 2

tong -

toot -

topic 4

torch -

total 5

tough 3

tow 6

trademark -

tramp -

trampoline 9

trapeze 6

treble -

tricycle 5

trim 5

trinket -

trio -

trombone 3

troop 3

Appendix 172

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 172

trophy 4

trousers -

trundle -

truth 2

tuba 8

tuck 6

tumble 3

turnip 6

twine -

twinkle 5

twirl -

typewrite -

umpire 5

unicorn 6

uniform 5

union 4

universe 3

upland -

upright 5

Uranus 6

urgent 2

Uruguay -

vampire 7

vapor 4

vary 7

vase 5

vegetation 7

vehicle 9

veil -

vein 9

Venus 4

veranda -

vessel 5

veterinarian -

vibrate 5

video 9

view 4

vine 4

vinegar 4

violet 7

vocabulary K

volcano 4

volume 4

vote 3

vulture 7

waddle -

wade 5

walrus 5

waltz -

wasp 4

wax 3

wealth 5

weasel -

web 5

wedge 6

wee 9

whack -

wham -

wharf 4

wheelchair -

whiff 10

whine 9

whinny 4

whirl 4

wick -

wicker -

widow 4

wigwam -

wildcat -

wilderness 6

windpipe 10

wizard 9

workout -

worship 5

wreath -

wrestle -

wrinkle 4

xylophone -

yak -

yap 8

Yellowstone 5

youth 5

zero 7

zone 3

Appendix 173

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 173

abandon 4

Abilene -

aborigine -

abroad 7

absolute 6

abuse 5

access 8

accessory 7

accompany 5

accomplish 5

account 5

accurate 5

acre 7

adapt 5

adequate 5

administer -

admiral 6

adobe 12

advance 7

advantage 5

advertise 5

advise 6

Aegean -

affect 5

affection 7

afterward 7

agent 5

aircraft 5

airfield -

airman -

airstrip -

ajar 8

Albany 5

alcohol 5

algebra 12

alkaline 7

allegiance -

alloy 7

almond -

Alps 5

altar 11

alto -

ambassador 5

amber -

ambition 6

amble 9

ammonia -

ammunition 5

amphibian 5

analyze 5

ancestor 5

angle 5

anteater 7

antenna 5

antibiotics 9

anticipate 5

antidote 4

antique 5

antler 7

Appalachian 9

appeal 7

appliance 9

apply K

appoint 6

appropriate 7

apt 6

aqueduct -

arbor -

arc 6

arcade 7

archery 5

arena 6

Argentina 5

armor 5

armpit -

aroma -

array -

artery 9

asbestos -

asparagus 6

assemble 7

assist 7

assume 7

assure -

asteroid 5

astonish 7

astronaut 5

astronomy 9

attain -

attempt 5

attire 11

attorney 6

Austin 4

Austria 7

authority 5

automatic 11

auxiliary -

available 5

avalanche 5

aviator 5

avocado 11

awning -

axis 6

azure -

bacteria 5

Appendix 174

FIFTH GRADE

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 174

badger -

badminton -

bagpipe -

bail 6

bait 4

balsa 8

Baltimore 6

ban 2

bangle -

banister -

barber 7

bareback 8

barometer 7

baseboard -

bashful 5

bass 7

basswood -

beacon 6

bedrock -

beech -

beeline -

Beijing 7

belle -

bellhop -

bellow -

beret 10

berth -

beta 7

betray -

billfold -

bind 6

binoculars 12

biology 7

birthmark -

biscuit -

bishop -

bleak -

blindfold 4

blister -

blockade 9

blockhead -

blockhouse -

blonde -

bloodhound -

blubber -

bluebell -

bluff 10

blunder -

blunt 5

blur -

bob 1

bog -

bologna 7

bonfire 5

bonny -

boom 5

boomerang -

bosom -

boxwood -

brace 2

bravo 7

Brazil 5

breathtaking 8

breed 10

briar -

bridle 6

bristle -

Britain 5

brittle -

broil -

bronco -

brood K

broth -

browse 6

brunette -

Brussels -

brute -

buck 8

buckskin -

buff 11

bugle -

bulge 10

bulk -

bulldoze -

burr -

bustle -

butt 9

butterscotch -

cabinet 2

cackle -

cad 3

cafe 5

cafeteria 5

caffeine 9

calcium 5

calculate 7

calico 5

camel 4

campus 5

canal 5

cancer 7

candidate 5

cannibal 7

cannon -

canopy 10

canteen -

canvas 4

caravan 4

Appendix 175

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cardigan -

cargo 4

Caribbean 5

carousel -

carp -

cartilage -

cartridge 7

cashew -

cask -

casual -

catalogue -

catastrophe -

cavalry 11

cease -

celestial 5

cellulose 7

census 5

ceramic 11

ceremony 4

chafe -

chairman -

chalet -

chamber 7

chandelier 6

chaps -

charity 6

charter 7

chat 5

checkmate -

chef 6

chemistry 5

chess 8

Cheyenne -

chime K

chinaware -

chisel 2

chlorine 9

chlorophyll 5

chopsticks 4

chowder 7

chrome 5

chrysanthemum -

chum -

chute 5

cider -

cinch -

Cincinnati 5

cinnamon 5

circuit 6

circumference 7

cistern -

citrus -

civil 5

clad -

claim 5

clamor 7

clamp -

clan 5

clash -

clause 11

clench -

Cleveland 5

clinic 9

cloak 5

clockwork -

clog 7

clot -

clothespin -

clutter 8

coax -

cobblestone 8

cockpit -

cockroach -

coconut 3

coke 9

coleslaw 9

coliseum -

collapse 5

cologne -

colon -

combat 5

combine 9

comedy 7

commerce 7

commonplace -

commotion 5

companion 6

compare 4

compartment 7

compel -

compete 5

competent 4

complex 7

complexion -

complicate 10

compliment 5

comprehend 9

compute 11

concave 11

conceal 6

concern 5

conclude 11

concrete 6

condense 9

confess 8

confetti -

confident 5

confirm 6

Appendix 176

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conflict 5

confuse 7

congratulate -

congress 5

connect 7

conquer 6

conscious 5

conserve 7

considerate 6

consistent 7

constant 5

constitution 5

consult 5

contact 5

contract 5

contrast 7

contrite -

convention 6

convex 11

convict -

cookout 5

cornet -

cornucopia -

corridor -

corrugate -

corsage -

cosmetics 8

cottontail -

couch 5

counsel -

counterfeit 9

cove -

covey -

cowslip -

coy -

crag -

crane K

crater 5

crave 8

crayfish 5

crease 4

credit 7

crescendo -

crescent 7

crest -

cringe -

crochet 7

crock -

crotch -

croup -

cruise 5

crumble 4

crumple -

crutch -

cubbyhole -

cubic 5

cue 7

cuff -

cultivate 9

culvert -

cuneiform -

curb -

curd -

curriculum -

curse 9

cushion 4

custody -

cuticle -

cutlass -

cyclone -

dagger -

dame -

damn -

dandruff 7

dangle 9

dapple -

darling -

data 5

dazzle -

debt 4

decay 5

decent 9

deckhand 4

declare 6

decline 4

decoy 6

dedicate 6

deed 11

defeat 5

deflate -

defrost 5

delay 5

delicate 4

delta 5

demand 5

democracy 7

demolish -

demon 7

demonstrate 9

denim 9

Denmark -

dentistry 7

depart 9

depress 9

descend 5

destiny -

detect 7

determine 6

Appendix 177

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 177

device 5

devour -

diagnose 5

diagonal -

dialect -

diameter 6

diaphragm -

differ 5

digest 6

dignity 7

dike -

diminish 11

dingo -

diploma -

discount 6

disease 4

disgrace 9

disk -

dismal 4

dismiss 8

dispatch 9

display 6

dispose 4

dispute 4

distinct 4

distinguish 12

distress 10

divorce -

document 7

doe -

dogie -

dogwood -

doily -

dolphin 5

dolt -

domestic 7

dominant 9

donate 7

doom 5

dope -

downfall 9

draft 5

dragonfly -

drake 7

drawl -

dreary 6

drench 5

droop -

dry goods -

duchess -

duct 7

dude -

due 6

duet -

dugout -

dumbbell -

dungarees -

durable 5

dusk -

duty 5

dwindle -

dye 5

dynamite 9

earl 7

earnest 9

earphone -

earshot -

easel -

eaves -

ebb -

eclipse 6

ecology 11

economics 5

edible 6

eel 5

eerie -

efficient 4

Egypt 5

elect 5

embankment -

emblem 10

embrace -

embroider -

emerald 6

emphasis 9

employ 6

encourage 5

enrich 4

environment 4

envy 5

epidemic 4

episode 6

equation 7

equip -

essence -

essential 7

eternity 9

Ethiopia -

eventual -

exaggerate 9

exceed 9

excel 10

excess 5

expedition 5

explode -

exponent -

export 5

expose 6

Appendix 178

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 178

exterior 5

extinct 5

extinguish 10

eyepiece -

fable 11

fabric 8

fabulous 3

fad 8

falter -

fang -

fantastic 5

fare 5

farewell 7

fatal 6

fate 6

fathom 4

feature 6

federal 5

fend -

fender 9

ferment 5

ferret 5

fertile 6

fertilize -

fever 7

fiber -

fiddle -

fidget -

fig -

figurehead -

filter 5

filth 5

firearms -

fizz -

flair -

Flanders -

flapjack -

flatter -

flaw 9

flax -

fleece 7

flex -

flick -

flimsy -

flint 7

flora 12

floss -

flounder -

flue -

fluke -

fluorescent 7

focus 7

foe 6

fond 7

foothill 10

fore -

forecast 6

foreman -

forge 10

forklift -

forlorn -

formal 5

former 6

formula 4

fortress 11

foster 5

foundation 5

fourscore -

foxglove -

fracas -

fragment 4

fragrant 6

frail 4

frantic 5

fraternity -

fray 11

freak -

freight 6

frequent 5

frill -

fringe 6

frolic -

frontier 5

fume 6

function 6

fund 5

funnel 6

furl -

fury -

fuss -

gag 5

gain 5

galaxy 6

gale 5

gallant -

gape -

gardenia -

gargle -

garland -

garlic 7

garrison -

gauge 5

gazelle -

gee 7

gel -

gem 5

generate 9

genius 6

Appendix 179

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genuine 9

geology 12

geometry 11

Gettysburg 5

geyser -

ghetto -

glade -

gland -

gleam 2

glee -

glory 9

gloss -

gnash 10

gob -

gorge 6

govern 6

grandstand 6

granite 5

grasp 6

gratitude 6

grave -

gravel 5

Greece 5

grenade -

grief 5

grim 6

grime 8

grit -

groggy -

groove -

grope -

gross 9

grout -

grove 6

grub -

gruff 7

grumble 4

guilt 7

gush -

gust 4

gutter 4

guzzle -

habitat -

halt 2

halter -

hamper -

handicap 8

hare 8

hark -

harness -

haste 5

haunt 7

haven 12

haze 5

headset 5

headstone -

hearth 7

heathen -

hectic 9

hedgehog -

heir -

heirloom 8

helter-skelter -

hereby -

herewith -

heroine -

heron 7

herring 5

hexagon -

hickory -

highness -

hilarious 9

hitchhike -

hoarse 5

hobble -

hog -

hogan -

hoist 5

homely -

homestead 8

honeydew -

honeymoon -

honeysuckle -

hopper -

horde -

horizon 5

hornet 9

horsepower 5

hostile 7

hourglass -

howdy -

hue 7

hummingbird -

hump 11

humus -

hurricane 4

husk -

hydroelectric 11

hypothesis 7

identity 5

ignorant 6

ignore 4

illegal 11

illustrate 9

immune -

imp 3

implement 7

import 5

Appendix 180

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 180

impress 7

impulse 9

incense 6

incident 5

incline 11

include 7

income 5

independent 5

India 4

infant 6

infantry -

infect -

inferior 6

inform 7

informal 5

inhabit -

inhale -

initial 4

injure 6

inland 5

inlet -

input 11

inquire -

insert 8

inspire 8

install 6

instinct 6

insult 7

integer -

intense 6

intent 7

interior 5

intermediate 11

interpret 6

intersect 6

interview 5

invert -

invest 9

investigate 6

invoice -

involve 5

ion 7

Iran 7

irritate 9

Israel 9

issue 5

jab -

jackass -

jailbird -

jealous 5

jest 5

jiffy -

jitter -

jog 5

johnnycake -

jot -

jumbo -

juvenile 4

katydid 5

kayak 11

keen 7

keg -

kelp -

kerchief -

khaki 7

kidnap 10

kiln -

kinetic 5

knack -

knead -

knight 6

knob 5

lacrosse -

lag 2

lair -

landlord 4

landmark 8

lapse -

larkspur -

latex -

lather -

latitude 6

latter -

lattice 5

laurel 4

league 6

leash 5

lecture 8

legal 6

lend 4

lest -

Lexington 5

license 7

linen 5

liner -

linger 7

link 7

linoleum -

lisp -

literature 5

litmus 5

livelihood 5

loam -

lob -

lobe 9

local 5

locomotive 3

locust 6

Appendix 181

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 181

loft 11

longitude 6

loot -

lottery 6

Louisville 5

lounge -

loyal 4

lozenge -

lumberjack 5

lung -

lunge -

luxury 9

lye -

lyric -

magenta -

mainland 10

mainstay -

maize -

majesty -

mallard -

malt 3

mammoth 5

manganese -

manicure -

manor 7

mansion 7

mantel -

manual 7

mar 9

mare 7

marine 6

marionette 12

maroon 7

marsh 9

marvelous 6

masculine 9

mason 5

masquerade 6

mass 4

mature 9

mayonnaise -

meditate -

Mediterranean 4

medley 11

meek 5

mellow 5

merchant 7

mercy 4

merit 4

midst 11

midway 8

migrate 4

mildew -

military 5

millipede -

mimic 8

mineral 5

miniature 10

minister 5

mink -

minority 8

minuet -

miracle 4

mischief -

missile 5

mistress -

mite -

mob 9

mockingbird -

modify 8

module -

molasses 7

mole 6

molecule 5

molt -

monarch 12

monastery -

Montgomery 5

monument 7

moreover 5

mortal -

mortgage 4

motto 7

mourn 5

mucus 5

multitude 6

municipal 7

mural 6

murder 11

murky -

murmur -

muskrat 7

mustang -

muster -

mute -

muzzle -

nag -

naval 5

navigate 6

nectar 5

negative 2

neigh -

neon 5

network 9

neutral 7

nevertheless 7

Niagara -

nicknack -

Appendix 182

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 182

Nigeria 5

nigh 11

nightfall 7

Nile 5

noble 9

nominate -

normal 5

nostril -

notify 7

nourish -

nuclear 6

nude -

nugget -

null -

obsidian -

obstacle 6

obstruct -

obtain 6

obvious 5

occasion 5

occupy 4

octagon -

octave -

octopus 5

offend -

official 5

offset -

offshore -

ointment 9

Olympic 5

omelet 5

opal -

opera 8

opossum -

opponent 5

origin 5

ornate 9

orphan -

otherwise 6

outcome 7

outlaw 6

outlet 6

outline 5

outpost -

outsmart -

outstanding 5

outward 6

ovary 7

overboard -

overcast 7

overcome 5

overlook 5

overwhelm 7

oxide 7

oyster 8

pace 6

paddy -

Pakistan -

palette -

pamphlet 5

panel 6

panic 8

panorama -

panther 6

paperback 5

parakeet 9

parallel 5

paralyze -

parasite 7

parasol -

parchment -

Paris 5

parliament 5

parlor -

parole -

participle 9

pastel 9

pasteurize -

pastime 9

pastor -

pastry 7

patty -

payroll 9

peal -

peat -

pecan -

peculiar 7

peg 1

pellet 9

pelt 10

penalty 11

penicillin 4

peninsula 11

penmanship 8

pentagon 6

pep -

per 4

percent 5

perform 3

perish 6

permanent 5

perpendicular 5

personal 5

perspire -

Peru 6

petroleum 6

phantom -

pharmacy 6

Appendix 183

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 183

photograph 6

physical 5

physician 5

pierce 5

pigment -

pimple -

pinafore -

pinball 7

ping 5

pinto 5

pitchfork -

pith -

Pittsburgh 5

plague -

plaid -

plank -

plaque 5

platypus 7

pliers 6

plod -

plume -

plunder 9

plunge 9

plunk -

plywood -

poach -

poker -

Poland 5

polio -

politics 5

polo 6

pompom -

pope -

porcelain 6

pore 9

portion 8

Portugal 5

posh -

posse -

potion -

Potomac -

pouch 5

pounce -

pout 5

poverty 3

powder 5

powwow -

precise 6

pregnant 11

premium -

preserve 5

previous 6

prey 5

price 3

prick -

priest 5

prime 6

primer -

primitive 7

principle 7

privilege 9

pro 7

probable 5

probe 11

proceed -

procession 5

profession 5

profile -

profit 4

project 4

projector 6

promenade -

promote 7

prop -

propel 5

prophet -

prospector 8

protein 4

proverb 11

province -

prune -

pry -

pucker -

pudgy -

pueblo 4

pug -

pulpit -

puma -

pumice -

pun 9

puny -

purchase 4

puritan 8

pursue 5

putty -

pygmy -

quaint 9

quality 4

quantity 8

quarterback 5

quartz 11

Quebec 3

quill 5

quirk -

rabies -

radiate -

radium -

radius 5

Appendix 184

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ragweed -

raid 7

ramshackle 7

rank 5

rap 5

rapids 11

rascal -

rash 7

rate 4

raven -

ravine 6

reap 4

rebel 5

recent 5

reckless 5

recommend 6

recorder 6

recreation 6

recycle 7

reek -

refer 4

reflect 4

regal 9

register 6

rehearse 2

reign 7

rejoice 9

relay 4

release 7

relish 5

render -

repel 5

republic 5

require 5

resemble 4

resent 11

reserve 8

resin -

resist 6

resort 6

resource 3

restore 4

retina -

reverse 7

revise -

revolt 5

revolver -

rickety 7

ridicule -

rim 7

rind -

risk 4

rival 5

roan -

role 5

Rome 5

romp 5

rookie -

roost 6

roster -

rotate 6

rouge 7

rubbish 4

rubble 11

ruckus -

rudder 5

ruddy -

rugged 6

rumble 11

rumor -

rump -

rumpus -

runway 5

rustic -

Sacramento 9

sacred 5

saint 6

Salem 3

saliva 5

salon 9

saloon 8

Salt Lake City -

salute 6

sandpaper 7

saucy -

savage 6

scab -

scamp -

scan 8

scarce 5

scarlet 6

scheme 5

scholar -

scoff -

scorch 8

scorn 11

Scotland 5

scourge -

scrap 6

scrawl -

scrawny -

screech -

script 5

scuffle -

scurvy -

sediment 5

seep -

segment 5

Appendix 185

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semester 7

senate 5

senior 5

serene 7

session 8

severe 5

shaft -

shamble -

shank -

shark 5

shatter 7

sheaf -

shear 11

sheath 7

shield 6

shilling -

shimmer -

shin 2

shingle 5

showdown -

shriek 6

shrivel -

shudder 7

shun -

sieve 9

silicon -

silkworm -

silt 6

sincere 5

singe -

sire -

site 6

sketch 10

skipper 4

skirmish -

skit 6

skull 5

skyline -

slack -

slat -

slate 4

slaughter 7

slay -

slingshot -

slink -

slit -

sliver -

slogan 6

slope 5

slosh -

slot 2

slum 11

slump 8

slush 6

smelt -

smirk -

smug -

snapper 5

snapshot -

snare 5

snarl -

sneer -

snorkel -

snout 5

snuggle 4

society 6

sod -

sodium 9

sole 2

solemn 7

solution 6

somber 7

sorrow 5

spatter -

spearmint -

sperm 9

sphinx -

spine 6

spinster -

spire 7

spirit 5

splendid 9

spool 11

spout -

sprawl 5

sprig -

Springfield -

sprint 6

spruce -

spurt 12

squadron -

squall -

squelch -

squint 5

stab -

stadium 5

stag -

stagger -

stake 5

stamina 7

stammer -

stampede 6

stanza -

starboard -

starch 4

stateroom -

static 5

stead -

Appendix 186

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stereo 8

sterile 11

stern -

stile -

stilt -

stimulate 9

stingray -

stirrup 6

stoke -

stomp -

stoop 9

strangle -

strategy 6

stratosphere 9

stray 7

streetcar -

stress 5

strife 11

strut -

stub 7

stud -

studio 5

stun -

stunt 5

stutter -

style 5

submerge 5

subscribe -

subsist -

suburb 5

suds -

suede -

suicide -

suite 10

suitor -

sulfur 7

sulk -

sultan -

summary 9

summit 6

sundial -

superb 10

superlative 11

supernatural 6

superstition 6

supreme 5

surf 7

surgery 7

survey 5

survive 5

swagger -

swap -

swarm 8

swash -

swoop -

swordfish -

symmetry 5

sympathy 7

symptom 7

taffy -

tang 12

tangerine -

tangle -

tar 7

target 4

tariff -

tart 7

tatter 11

tawny -

tax 4

teat -

technology 5

temperate 6

tempest -

tempo -

temporary 6

tempt 5

tense 5

term 4

terminal 6

terrain 4

terrific 7

terry 6

testament -

testimony -

textile 7

thatch 6

theater 5

theme 5

theory 7

thermal 6

thicket -

thigh -

thrash -

threat 5

thresh -

thrive 11

throb 7

throng -

thunderbolt -

thunderhead -

tidings -

tidy -

tile 5

timber 6

tinderbox -

tinge 10

tinkle -

Appendix 187

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tissue 5

tobacco 7

toffee -

toil -

toll 2

tomb 5

tornado 4

torpedo 6

tortilla -

tot 6

totem 5

tour 3

tradition 5

transistor -

translate 4

transplant 11

transport 5

trapezoid -

treaty 6

tremendous 6

trench 5

trespass 9

tributary 8

tribute -

trice -

trigger -

trill -

trillion -

triple 9

triumph -

trooper -

tropics 6

trough 5

troupe 11

trout 5

trudge 4

trumpet 5

tuber -

tuft -

tugboat -

tumor 11

tuna 5

tundra 7

turban -

turf 7

turnout -

turquoise 5

twain 5

twang -

tweezers -

twitch 4

udder -

underbrush -

underdog -

undergo 10

undergrowth -

underworld 8

unicycle 7

unite 9

university 6

unravel -

upholster -

uproar 6

uranium 6

urban 5

urge 4

usher 7

vaccine -

vacuum 11

vain 5

Vancouver -

vandal -

vanilla 6

vanish 5

variety 6

varnish -

vast 5

vat 5

vault -

Venezuela -

vengeance -

Venice 5

vent -

ventriloquist -

verge -

verify 9

vermilion -

verse 6

vertebrate 5

vertical 5

Vesuvius -

victim 5

vigor -

vineyard -

viola -

violent 6

virgin -

virus 9

visible 7

vision 5

visor -

vital 7

vitamin 4

vivid 10

void 11

volley -

vow -

wad -

Appendix 188

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wallet 4

wallflower -

walnut -

wand -

wardrobe -

warehouse 5

warp 9

wart -

waylay -

weapon 5

weave 9

weird 7

werewolf 7

wheeze -

whereas 9

whiplash -

whist -

whittle 5

whop -

wield -

wine 4

wit 7

withdraw 5

wither 5

withstand -

witness 2

wobble -

woodchuck -

woodwind 5

workshop 6

wren 7

wring -

yacht -

yank -

yearling -

yelp -

yield 1

yip -

yodel 5

yonder -

Yosemite -

youngster 9

yowl -

Yugoslavia 5

Yukon -

zigzag 7

zinc 6

Appendix 189

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SIXTH GRADE

Appendix 190

abbot -

abduct 10

abreast -

abrupt 7

abscess -

abstain -

abstract 7

absurd 6

abundant 6

academy 9

accelerate -

accommodate -

accord -

achieve 5

acknowledge 9

acquaint 7

acquire 9

acropolis -

acute 6

adept -

adhesive 7

Adirondacks -

adjacent 6

adore 8

aerial -

affix 4

afflict -

aggregate -

agile 7

airborne -

airway -

alas -

albatross 10

Alexandria -

Algeria -

alien 9

Allegheny -

ally 9

alpha 7

alter 6

alternate 6

amateur -

Amazon 7

ambiguous -

amethyst -

amnesia 9

ample 6

Amsterdam -

amuck -

analogy -

anemone 9

animate 9

anonymous -

anthracite -

antic -

apostle -

appall -

apparatus 12

apparel 10

apparent 5

appendix 7

apprentice 6

aqua -

Arabia 5

arachnid 6

arid 11

arsenal -

arson -

ascend 6

asphalt 7

assault 7

associate -

astrology 9

Athens 5

attribute -

auction 6

audio -

audition -

authentic 6

avail -

aviation 9

Babylon 6

bachelor 6

backfire -

backhand -

Baghdad -

balk -

ballot 7

bandanna -

barb -

barge 6

barley 7

baron -

barracks 7

barren 6

barricade 7

barrier 6

basis 6

baste 11

bauxite 7

bazaar 6

bearing 11

beckon 6

bedlam 7

beforehand 9

977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:55 PM Page 190

behalf -

Belgium 5

Belgrade -

benefit 5

beriberi -

Berlin 5

beryllium 6

beset -

bestow -

beverage 3

bevy -

bias -

biceps -

bicuspid -

billboard -

bin -

binary -

bisect -

bison 9

bizarre 11

blab -

blackhead -

blacktop 6

blare -

bleach -

blemish -

blight -

blimp -

boarder 7

bobcat 8

Bohemia -

Bolivia 6

bolt 9

bonbon -

bond 6

bondage 7

boon -

Bosporus -

boulevard 7

bounds -

bowel -

boycott 6

bracket -

brainstorm -

bran 9

brawn -

bray -

breadwinner -

breakwater -

bribe -

brigade -

brink 7

broadcast 5

broadside -

broker 6

bromine -

Bronx -

Brooklyn 4

Brownsville -

Bulgaria -

bumble -

bungalow -

bungle -

bunker -

bunt -

burden 11

bureau 9

burly -

Burma -

busboy -

byway -

Cairo 5

calamity 7

calligraphy -

Cambodia -

Cambridge 5

camouflage 8

campaign 5

Canterbury -

caption -

captive -

Caracas -

carbonate -

carcass -

caress -

Carthage -

cascade 11

caste -

category 7

cathedral 7

causeway -

Ceylon -

champagne -

Charleston 5

Charlotte 7

chasm -

chaste -

chauffeur -

Chesapeake -

Chile 6

Chinook -

chivalry -

cholesterol 9

chromatic -

chronology -

cigarette -

cinema -

circumstance 9

Appendix 191

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civic -

clapboard -

clarify 11

clarity 9

classic 9

cleft -

clerk 6

client 10

climax 8

clinch -

clod -

cloves -

cobalt -

cock -

collide 6

Colombia -

colonel 6

Columbia 9

coma 7

combustion 9

commission 9

commit 6

compact 7

compatible -

compress -

comprise -

con 10

conceit 7

conceive -

concept 9

concussion -

condemn 7

conduct 12

confederate 6

confer -

confide -

conform 11

confound -

congest -

conglomerate 5

conquest 5

conscience 7

consecutive 8

consent 10

consequence -

console -

conspicuous 9

constable -

Constantinople -

consume 11

contaminate 7

contempt -

context -

contingent -

contour 7

contraption -

contribute 5

convent -

converse 7

convey 6

Copenhagen -

cornerstone -

corps 9

corporal -

corpse 9

corrode -

corrupt 11

cosmos -

countenance -

cowlick -

cramp -

crankshaft -

creed -

Crete -

crevice -

crimson 7

crinkle -

cripple -

crisis 6

crisscross -

criteria 9

croquet -

crossroad -

crucial -

crude 6

Cuba 5

cud -

cult -

cunning 6

curfew -

currency 8

cutter 7

czar -

Czechoslovakia -

dainty -

dale -

Danube -

daub -

Dayton 3

deacon -

dean 4

debate 5

debris -

debut -

decade 9

deceive 7

decode 7

decor -

Appendix 192

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decree -

deduct -

defect 9

deflect -

deft -

defy -

deject -

delegate 7

delinquent 11

delirious 7

denounce -

deplete -

derby -

dermis 6

derrick 5

despair 7

despise -

despite 6

detach 7

detail 7

detain -

deteriorate -

devastate 7

devise -

dialogue 7

diction 11

diesel 7

diligent 7

dilute -

dinghy -

dingy 6

diphtheria -

diplomat 7

dire -

discard 9

discharge 6

discreet -

discriminate -

disgust 7

dismay 5

disrupt 6

dissect 8

distort -

distract 10

district 6

ditto -

ditty -

divine -

doctrine -

doldrums -

domain 9

don 6

dormant -

dormer -

dormitory 10

dose -

dour -

douse -

Dover -

draftsperson -

drastic 7

dredge -

drone 6

drudge -

dub -

Dublin -

dunk -

duplicate -

duration 12

dwell -

dynamic 7

eavesdrop -

eccentric 7

ecru -

ecstasy -

Ecuador 9

eddy -

Edinburgh -

eggplant -

ego -

eject 11

elaborate 5

elder 6

elevate 6

eligible 7

eliminate 7

eloquent 7

embark 9

ember -

embryo -

emotion 7

enamel 8

endure 7

enforce 9

engage 6

enigma -

ensemble -

enterprise 9

entity -

entrust -

enzyme -

equilibrium 11

erect 7

erode 8

escort -

estate 11

estuary -

etch -

Appendix 193

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eternal -

eucalyptus 8

Eugene 7

Euphrates 6

evaluate 11

evergreen 6

evident 7

evolve -

excavate 11

excerpt 7

exclude -

execute 7

expand 7

exquisite 9

external 9

extract 7

extreme 6

eyesore -

Fairbanks -

fallow 7

famine 7

fanatic 9

fantasy 7

fatigue 6

feat 7

feeble 6

feldspar -

ferocious 7

fester -

fiancé

fickle 6

filament 12

fillet -

finance 7

Finland -

firebox 4

firefly 9

fireproof -

fixture 9

fjord -

flagship -

flank 9

flaunt -

fleet 10

flinch -

floe -

florist 9

flounce -

flourish 6

fluent -

flurry -

foliage 9

fondle -

foresee 6

format 9

fracture 6

fragile 7

frank 7

fraught -

frenzy -

fright -

frigid -

frisk -

fro 7

frogman 7

froth -

fugitive 9

fulfill -

fullback 7

fundamental 7

funeral 7

furrow -

fuse -

gadget 7

gaggle -

gait 9

gallery 6

gamble -

garb 7

garment 9

garnish -

gash -

gaunt -

gauntlet -

gawky -

gene 7

generation 7

genesis -

genetic 7

Geneva -

ghastly 7

ghoul -

Gibraltar -

giddy -

gill -

gimmick 9

gin -

ginger 12

gingerly 12

gladiator -

glean -

glen K

glimmer -

glint -

glockenspiel -

Gloucester -

glower -

glucose 7

Appendix 194

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gnat -

gneiss -

goblet -

goo 4

gorgeous 7

gourd 6

graft 6

grant 7

graphite -

greed 7

Greenwich -

gripe -

grotesque -

grudge 9

gruel -

grueling -

Guam -

guarantee 7

guardian 6

Guatemala 5

Guiana -

guillotine -

guinea 8

gulch -

hack -

hag -

Haiti 5

hale -

halfback -

hammerhead 6

handiwork 10

hanker -

haphazard 11

hardship 5

Harlem -

harmony 7

harpsichord 10

hash -

haughty 9

Havana 7

headlong -

headwaters -

headway -

Helena 11

helm -

hemlock 6

hemoglobin -

hemp -

hence 7

herb 5

heredity 7

heretofore -

hermit 7

hideous -

hijack -

hilt -

Himalayas 12

hinder 7

Hiroshima -

hither -

hitherto -

hoard -

Hollywood 6

homer 7

homograph -

homophone -

honeycomb 6

hospitality -

host 7

hostage 9

hothouse -

hovel -

hover -

hub -

huff -

Hungary 7

hurdle 8

hurl 6

hustle -

hybrid -

hydraulic -

hyena -

hygiene -

hyperbole -

hypnosis -

identical 6

idiom -

idol -

igneous 5

illuminate -

immaculate -

immense 6

impact 9

impair 7

impertinent -

impose 12

imprint 3

improvise 7

incentive 11

incubate -

indicate 6

indigo -

Indonesia -

induce 11

inert -

infer -

inferno -

influenza -

Appendix 195

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infringe -

ingredient 7

inherit -

initiate -

inject -

inoculate -

instance 6

institute 8

insulate -

insure 7

interfere 7

intern -

internal 7

interval 7

intricate 12

intrigue -

invade -

invaluable -

Iraq 12

Ireland 11

iridescent -

isolate 6

isthmus -

italics -

ivory -

ivy 8

jackal -

jade -

jalopy -

Jamaica 5

jamb -

Jamestown 4

jangle -

Java 5

javelin 9

jazz 6

jeer 6

jeopardy -

jetliner 6

jinx -

jockey 7

jolt -

jounce -

jumble -

jury 6

jut 5

jute -

Kenya 12

keynote -

Kiev 4

Kilimanjaro -

kindle 11

kink -

knapsack 6

knoll 11

Korea 12

krypton -

Labrador 12

lacquer 11

lagoon 9

Lancaster -

lance -

landholder -

landscape 5

Laos -

lard -

Laredo -

lasagna 8

laser 7

lateral -

lax 7

Lebanon 12

leech 11

legacy -

legible 10

legion 8

legume -

Leipzig -

leisure 7

levy -

liable 7

liberal 9

lice 11

lichen 9

lieutenant 11

ligament -

likewise 8

limelight -

limerick 7

lingerie -

linseed -

liquor -

listless 7

livid -

lodestone -

logic 7

lore -

lubricate -

lug -

lukewarm -

lull -

luminous -

lure 5

lurk -

lush 9

luster -

lute -

Luxembourg -

Appendix 196

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lyre -

madam 7

mademoiselle 9

Madrid 5

magnesium 11

majority 7

makeshift -

malaria -

Malaysia -

Manchester 3

Manchuria -

mandolin -

mangle -

Manhattan -

mania -

mantis -

manuscript -

marathon 9

marksman -

marvel 6

massacre -

massage -

massive 6

mate 6

matinee 7

mauve -

maximum 9

maze 11

media 7

median 10

medieval -

Melbourne 7

membrane 9

memo 6

menace 7

mere -

merge 6

meridian 7

Mesopotamia -

metamorphosis 10

metaphor 10

metropolis -

mica 6

microbe -

migrant 9

mil 10

Milan 6

miller 11

mimeograph -

mince -

minimum 8

mint 5

mirth -

misery 12

mishap 5

mistletoe 12

moat -

mobile -

molar -

molest -

Mongol -

Mongolia -

monk -

monogram -

monopoly 6

monsoon -

Monterrey -

Montreal 4

moor -

moral 7

morgue -

Morocco -

moron -

morsel -

mortar 10

mortuary -

mosaic -

motive 7

muck -

muddle -

muffle 7

musket -

mutton -

mystify -

mythology 7

naive 9

Nantucket -

nape -

Naples -

narcotic -

natal -

nausea -

neglect 7

negotiate -

nerve 7

Newcastle -

Newfoundland -

nick 3

nip -

nobleman 7

noose -

norm -

Normandy -

noteworthy -

Nottingham -

notwithstanding -

novice 11

nuisance 6

Appendix 197

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nutmeg -

nutrient 9

nymph 5

obstinate -

obverse -

odor 5

offhand -

offspring 12

onslaught -

Ontario 5

opaque 6

oral K

ordeal 11

ore 7

organism 5

Oslo -

osmosis -

outback -

outboard 9

outlandish -

outlying 11

outrage -

outwit -

ovation -

overrun -

overseas -

overtake 7

pamper -

pang -

pantomime 6

par -

parabola -

paradise -

Paraguay 10

pare -

parsley 6

parson -

particle 9

passion -

patriarch -

peasant 6

peddle -

pedestal -

pedestrian 9

pedigree -

pemmican -

pendant 9

perceive 11

perch -

peril -

persecute -

persist 12

persuade 6

petite -

petition 7

petrify -

petty 6

pew -

phenomenon 8

Philippines 8

philosophy 7

phosphorus 11

phylum 10

pickpocket -

pier 6

pinnacle -

pinpoint -

piston -

pitfall -

plankton 5

plantation 7

plea 7

pledge 6

pluck -

plush 9

ply 11

pock -

polecat -

ponder -

populate -

pork 6

porter -

portray 7

pose 8

possess 6

potassium -

potent -

potential 5

Prague -

prance -

predicament -

predict 6

preen -

preface 7

premises 7

preside -

presto -

prevail -

prim -

probation 6

prod -

progress 7

prohibit 7

prominent 7

prompt 12

prone 11

proportion 6

propose 6

Appendix 198

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prose 12

prosecute -

prospect 11

prosper -

prow -

psalm -

puck -

pulp -

purge -

puss -

putt -

Pyrenees 7

quake 9

quintet -

rabbi -

rack -

radioactive 9

raffle 7

Rainier -

ram 9

ramble -

random 9

ransack -

ransom 10

rant 1

rape -

ratio 4

rational 11

rave -

ravel -

rawhide -

react -

ream -

reciprocal 6

reckon -

recollect -

redcap -

redeem -

reef 8

reel 5

referee 7

reform -

refrain -

refresh 8

refugee 6

refund 7

regime -

regiment 6

regulate 7

rehabilitate -

reject 12

relic -

remedy 7

remorse -

repeal 7

repent 11

repute -

request 7

reside 7

resolve 6

respire -

restrain 11

restrict 7

retail 6

retain 7

retard 9

retire 6

retort -

retreat -

retrieve -

revenge 6

revolve 6

Rhine -

rift 11

rig -

rigor 7

riot -

rivet -

robust -

rodent -

romance 12

rotor -

Rotterdam -

rouse -

ruffian -

rummage -

rumple -

rupture -

russet -

rut -

rye 9

sacrifice 6

Salvador -

sane -

Saskatchewan -

Savannah 5

savor -

sawhorse -

scald -

scallop -

scepter -

schooner 6

scope -

scoundrel 7

scour -

scrag -

scribe -

scroll -

Appendix 199

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scruff -

scurry 10

scuttle -

scythe 6

seaway -

sect -

sedan 9

seminary -

septic -

sequence 6

sequin -

serenade 7

sergeant 7

serpent 9

serum -

shabby 7

shackle -

shanty -

sheen -

sheer 11

shipshape -

shoddy -

shortcake -

shrine 7

shuttle 5

Siberia -

Sicily -

sickle 9

siege -

silhouette -

silo -

simmer -

sine -

sinew -

sinister 5

sizzle -

sledge -

sleek 8

slither -

slouch -

sluice -

slur -

smallpox 11

smolder -

smut -

snag -

snuff -

socket 9

solder -

solitude 6

sophomore -

soprano -

sorcery -

soul 10

souse -

spade -

span 7

Sparta -

spawn -

specify -

spectrum 5

speculate -

spellbound 7

spew -

spindle -

spinet -

spleen -

splint -

splotch -

splurge -

spry 9

squabble 12

squid -

squire -

standard 5

starling -

statesman 7

stationary 10

stature 6

stave -

steed -

steeplechase -

stein 5

stellar -

stench -

stencil -

steppe -

stevedore -

stifle -

stigma -

Stockholm -

stout 11

straddle -

strand 9

strongbox -

stronghold 7

stucco -

stupor -

subdue 6

sublime -

submit 7

substitute 6

subtle 9

succulent -

sue 2

suffocate -

sullen -

sultry -

Appendix 200

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summon -

sunspot 9

superintendent -

supervise -

supplement 9

surge 8

surplus 7

surrender -

suspend 9

suspense -

swab -

swath -

Sweden 6

swerve 12

swivel -

Sydney 10

symphony 5

synagogue 6

synthetic 6

Syria -

Tacoma -

tailor 7

talc -

tallow 10

tally 8

talon -

tangible -

tapestry 11

tarnish 7

taut -

taxidermy -

teak -

technique 6

teller 7

tenant -

tendon -

terminate -

Thailand 12

therapy 9

thermostat -

thesaurus 6

thorough 9

threshold 11

throne 12

throttle -

thrust 6

tiara -

tier -

titter -

toddle -

toggle -

token -

tolerate 10

tonic -

topaz -

topple -

torment -

torrent -

torture 7

totter -

tournament 9

towhead -

trait 9

traitor -

trance -

tranquil -

transfer 2

transform -

transfusion -

transmit 8

transparent 5

travail -

treacherous -

tread 6

treason -

trellis -

tress 6

trial 6

tribune -

trifle -

trigonometry -

trolley -

truant -

tuberculosis -

tungsten -

turbine 9

turmoil 10

turpentine 9

tusk 6

tutor 6

twilight -

twinge -

typhoon -

tyrant 5

uncanny 7

underhanded -

unique 6

unison -

urchin 12

urn 11

utensil 11

utmost 6

utter -

vagabond -

vague 6

valid 6

valise -

valor -

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valve 6

vaudeville -

velocity 8

vendor 9

veneer -

venom 9

ventricle 12

venture 9

verbal 9

verdict 7

version 7

versus -

veteran 9

vice 9

vicinity 7

vicious 5

victor 6

Vienna 10

Vietnam 12

vigil -

villa 11

villain -

vise -

vocal 6

volt 7

vomit -

vulgar -

wafer -

wage 9

Wales -

wallop -

warble -

ward 10

warden 9

warfare 7

Warsaw 12

wary 11

watercress -

waterlog -

watershed -

watt 7

welt -

whereupon -

whisk -

whiskey -

wholesale 6

wholesome 6

wicket -

Williamsburg 7

wilt 7

windfall -

windlass -

wisecrack -

woe -

wombat 5

worthwhile 9

wrath -

wrench 7

wrought -

wry 7

yam -

yearn -

yoga -

yule -

zest 7

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