SESSION 1

SESSION 1

VOCABULARYSTUDIES

1

DİLKO YAYINLARI

1. abbreviate (bir kelimeyi veya bir yazıyı) kısaltmak = shorten

• He abbreviated his first name to Alec.

2. abduct bir kişiyi kaçırmak = kidnap • The man was accused of abducting the little girl.

3. abnormal garip, normalden farklı• My sister has an abnormal fear of dogs.

4. abolish (bir sistemi veya uygulamayı) resmi olarak sonlandırmak, terketmek

• Many people are against abolishing the death penalty.

5. abort (bir süreci, planı veya aktiviteyi henüz tamamlanmadan) durdurmak = stop

• The soldiers were told to abort the mission.

6. abrupt ani = sudden• Her plan to live abroad came to an abrupt end

when she got pregnant.

7. absence (bir yerde) bulunmama, mevcut olmama X presence

• Many people wanted to see you during your absence.

8. absolutely tamamen• You were absolutely right when you objected to

the plan.• There is absolutely no difference between these

two ideas.

9. absorb emmek, içine almak • Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and

moisture from the soil.

10. abstain (from) yapmamak, yapmaktan kaçınmak

• His doctor told him to abstain from drinking and smoking.

11. abstract soyut, gerçek olaylara veya şeylere dayanmayan = theoretical

• It is not easy to agree on abstract principles such as justice.

12. abundant büyük miktarda = plentiful• Birds are abundant in this region especially in

summer.

13. abusively kötü ve şiddet içeren bir şekilde• He behaved abusively towards his wife and

children. kaba ve aşağılayıcı bir şekilde

• The caregiver was accused of not adequately feeding the old man and speaking abusively to him.

14. acclaim alkışlamak; (birisinin başarısını) coşkuyla kabul etmek

• They acclaimed him as the best writer of the year.

15. accumulate birik(tir)mek, art(ır)mak = gather• In men, fat tends to accumulate around the inner

organs of the abdomen.

16. ammunition cephane, mühimmat• A few of the tanks in the area ran out of

ammunition.

17. bachelor bekar erkek• My brother remained bachelor for a long time till

he got married last summer. (sadece ünvanlarda ve bazı kalıp

kullanımlarda) üniversite mezunu kişi• He graduated with a bachelor’s degree in

philosophy.

18. background arka plan, bir şeyin arkasındaki manzara veya görünüm

• He is a powerful person but he prefers to remain in the background.

19. bail kefalet, teminat• The man was freed on bail.

20. bake fırında pişirmek veya pişmek• I need to learn how to bake cakes.• The women are baking bread outside in the

garden.

21. balance denge, denge durumu• The medicines you are taking may affect your

balance.• The ecological balance of the forest is at risk.

22. bald saçsız, kel• I can see my father’s bald head in the crowd.

23. ban yasak, yasaklamak = prohibit• The authorities declared a ban on smoking in all

public places.• He was banned from driving for three years.

SESSION 1 DICTIONARY

2 VOCABULARY STUDIES - 1

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DİLKO YAYINLARI

150. lack eksiklik, sahip olmama; birşeyden yoksun olmak, sahip olmamak

• Despite my lack of experience, I was able to get the job.

• You obviously lack the determination to become successful.

151. ladder seyyar merdiven • The fireman climbed up the ladder into the

second floor room to attempt a rescue.

152. lag geride kalmak, gerisinde kalmak• Turkey lags behind most of Europe in women’s

rights.

153. lagoon lagün • The Blue Lagoon of Ölüdeniz features calm,

crystal clear waters, which makes it ideal for a large variety of water sports.

154. machinery makinalar, mekanizma• Our factory is equipped with quality machinery.

155. mad deli, akıl hastası = insane• She went mad and was put into a mental hospital.

156. magnet mıknatıs• I like to collect magnets of foreign cities.

157. magnificently mükemmel bir şekilde = splendidly

• Our team played magnificently throughout the competition.

158. magnify büyütmek• This microscope magnifies germs, which allows

us to see them.

159. maintain sürdürmek, önceki durumunu devam ettirmek

• I hope you can maintain your recent improvement. bakmak, geçindirmek

• He is too poor to maintain his family. iyi durumda tutmak

• It may be expensive to maintain a car.

160. major büyük, önemli, ciddi X minor• Your house needs major repairs.• There was a major earthquake in this region last

year. ana dal, mezun olunan dal

• At university, students can decide their major later if they are undecided.

161. majority çoğunluk, büyük kısım X minority• The majority of the members voted against the

proposal.

162. malaria sıtma hastalığı• Malaria, transmitted by mosquitos, typically

causes periods of fever.

163. malfunction arıza, bozukluk; bozulmak• We cannot declare the results due to a

malfunction in the computers.• The radiation caused all the equipment to

malfunction.

164. management yönetim, idare• The zoo needs better management rather than

more money.

165. manipulate (özellikle bir makineyi) kullanmak, çalıştırmak

• The puppets are expertly manipulated by Liz Walker.

(dürüst olmayan veya akıllıca bir şekilde) kendi amacına uygun olarak kullanmak

• The government was accused of manipulating public opinion.

166. mankind insanlık, insanoğlu• Global warming is indeed a great threat to whole

mankind.

167. manner şekil, tarz, usul• You shouldn’t have talked to him in such an

offensive manner.

168. nag dırdır etmek, başının etini yemek• His wife nags at him all day.• She keeps nagging her husband about a new

house.

9VOCABULARY STUDIES - 1

SESSION 1 - DICTIONARY SESSION 1 - DICTIONARY

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DİLKO YAYINLARI

279. tangible dokunulabilir, dokunma ile hissedilebilen; somut, gerçek

• The police need tangible proof of his guilt.

280. tap musluk• She turned on the taps but there was no water.

hafif hafif vurmak, tıkırdatmak • The man tapped his fingers on the table

impatiently.

281. target hedef; hedef almak• I fired but missed the target.

282. task görev, vazife• She used the day to catch up with administrative

tasks.

283. tattoo dövme; dövme yapmak• Every visible inch of his arms is covered with

tattoos.

284. ultimately eninde sonunda = eventually• The King was ultimately overthrown and the

country descended into chaos.

285. ultimatum ultimatom, yerine getirilmesi istenen koşulları belirten son bildiri

• The Soviet Union issued an ultimatum to Lithuania.

286. unanimous (insanlar için) aynı düşüncede, müttefik

• All the members are unanimous that the building must be preserved.

(anlaşmalar, sözleşmeler vb. için) oy birliği ile yapılan

• This is the second time they have rejected the proposal and now it is an unanimous decision.

287. unbearable dayanılmaz, katlanılmaz = intolerable• The war made life almost unbearable for the

civilians.

288. vacant boş, gereksiz, kullanılmayan; ifadesiz• Is this seat vacant?• The post of chairman has been vacant for some

time.• She had a kind of vacant look on her face.• I hope we can find a vacant room at this hotel.

289. vaccinate (against) aşılamak• Have you had your child vaccinated against the

measles?

290. vague belli belirsiz• I could see some vague shapes coming towards

us. anlaşılmaz, net olmayan

• Our holiday plans are still vague.

291. vain kibirli• I think he is shallow, vain and untrustworthy.

boş, sonuçsuz, faydasız = fruitless• We worked all night in a vain attempt to finish the

report.

292. validate (özellikle yasal olarak) geçerli kılmak• This discovery seems to validate the claims of

popular astrology.

293. value değer, kıymet, yararlı nitelik• You will find this map of great value.

değer biçmek• Without art auctions, it would be very difficult to

value art.

294. wage ücret• What is your weekly wage?

295. waist bel; (bir giyside) bel kesimi• Excess weight around the waist may increase

death risk.

296. wander amaçsız gezmek, başı boş dolaşmak• Nomadic tribes wander these deserts.

297. ward (hastaneler için) koğuş• The man was admitted to the emergency ward

with a wound in his chest.

298. warden yönetici, sorumlu kişi• A new warden took over the prison.

299. warrant yetki, arama veya tutuklama izni• Police confirmed that they had issued a warrant

for his arrest.

300. wonder merak etmek• I wonder what you are doing now.

harika• Egypitian Pyramids are among the seven wonders

of the world.

15VOCABULARY STUDIES - 1

SESSION 1 - DICTIONARY SESSION 1 - DICTIONARY

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1. abbreviate

2. abduct

3. abnormal

4. abolish

5. abort

6. abrupt

7. absence

8. absolutely

9. absorb

10. abstain

11. abstract

12. abundant

13. abusively

14. acclaim

15. accumulate

16. ammunition

17. bachelor

18. background

19. bail

20. bake

21. balance

22. bald

23. ban

24. band

25. bandit

26. calamity

27. calculate

28. calf

29. can

30. cancellation

31. candid

32. candidate

33. capable

34. capital

35. capsize

36. captivity

37. capture

38. career

39. carriage

40. cartoon

41. carve

42. case

43. cast

44. casual

45. casualty

46. catastrophe

47. cautious

48. cease

49. celebrity

50. cell

SESSION 1 PART 1

17 DİLKO YAYINLARIVOCABULARY STUDIES - 1

A. Match the words to their definitions.

1. abandon ____ a. to officially stop a person or many people from doing something2. abort ____ b. overturn in the water3. absorb ____ c. to make an object or shape by cutting wood or stone4. ban ____ d. to stop; come or bring to an end5. calamity ____ e. to leave someone or something6. candid ____ f. someone injured or killed in an accident or war7. capsize ____ g. a serious accident or bad event causing damage or suffering8. carve ____ h. to stop a process before it has finished9. casualty ____ i. honest, open and sincere10. cease ____ j. to take in liquid, gas, or heat and hold it

B. Complete each sentence with one of the words below.

abduct abort abundant balance casual

calculate capital carriage case cast

1. The front ________________ of the train is just for those who are physically handicapped.2. The sudden rise and fall of temperature in the body may cause nose bleeding in some

________________.3. The boy ________________ the pebbles into the middle of the pond while he was waiting for

his girlfriend.4. In order to ________________ the calories burnt while walking, it’s important to know your pace

of walk.5. A(n) ________________ business dress allows employees to be comfortable and appear

professional at the same time.6. Kidnappers ________________ five tourists but later released them unharmed when security

forces cornered them in a building.7. Vertigo usually lasts for a minute or two and can make it impossible for one to stand without

losing his or her ________________.8. Nature has provided us with ________________ resources, but we use them for our

convenience and pollute the environment.9. The plane was supposed to land on the island but the crew was forced to ________________

the mission due to some technical problems.10. Death penalty, also known as the ________________ punishment, is one of the most

hotly-debated topics in the judicial system throughout the world.

C. Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions.

1. Amelia prefers to abstain ________________ smoking and drinking as she had an operation two weeks ago.

2. France has set a temporary new ban ________________ the cultivation of the genetically modified maize.

3. Our skin cells are capable ________________ producing their own collagen and elastin, which slows down as we age.

4. Some birds are known or believed to be extinct in the wild but still have representatives living ________________ captivity.

5. For some, money provides a sense of security, so they tend to be very cautious ________________ spending money.

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SESSION 1 - PART 1 SESSION 1 - PART 1

DİLKO YAYINLARI VOCABULARY STUDIES - 1

D. Complete each sentence with one of the words below.

abandon abbreviate abolish absolutely bachelor

bake capable capture carve cautious

1. A tattoo is usually ________________ on the skin with a sharp instrument, so it is a painful procedure.

2. Developing excellent communication skills is ________________ essential for effective leadership.

3. Though many of my friends have been married and have had children, I’m still a(n) ________________.

4. When Jason was told that he had only ten minutes to speak, he ________________ his speech.

5. My little cousin is a highly ________________ musician who has composed many songs.6. A group of detectives tried to ________________ a thief planning to steal a precious gem from

a museum yesterday.7. Some people ________________ their own bread since they think it is much healthier. 8. If you are suffering from some type of allergy, you have to be ________________ of developing

itchy eyes and must avoid allergens.9. Harriet Tubman devoted her life to ________________ slavery and strove all her life for the

establishment of equality in society.10. The fear of being ________________, autophobia, is an anxiety disorder that is characterized

by an acute fear of being left alone.

E. Complete each sentence with the correct form of the given word.

1. Potassium is ________________ found in a number of foods, including fresh fruits and vegetables. (abundant)

2. Cashiers are required to have the ________________ to handle money promptly and precisely. (capable)

3. To maintain a healthy body, it’s important to follow a ________________ diet including all the basic nutrients. (balance)

4. The famous businessman’s ________________ was immediately reported in all newspapers throughout the country. (abduct)

5. Samantha had to ________________ her doctor’s appointment because she had to attend an important meeting. (cancellation)

6. Throat infection during pregnancy needs to be treated ________________ as the immune system becomes weaker. (cautious)

7. A plant cell consists of a cell wall, chloroplast and a large vacuole, while these parts and organelles are ________________ in an animal cell. (absence)

8. In 1822, Aaron Smith was taken ________________ by Cuban pirates when he and his crew were on their way from Jamaica to England. (captivity)

9. The politician is expected to announce officially his ________________ for president early next week. (candidate)

10. It seems that to solve this problem, you have to do some complex ________________. (calculate)

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SESSION 1 - PART 1 SESSION 1 - PART 1

DİLKO YAYINLARIVOCABULARY STUDIES - 1

F. Complete each sentence with one of the prepositional phrases or collocations below.

sense of balance in the absence of at the peak of

in great abundance heavy casualties

1. ________________ oxygen, some microorganisms use contaminants as their primary food supply.

2. All cats have an excellent ________________, which enables them to leap and pounce with ease.

3. Patricia was ________________ her career as an actress when she was diagnosed with Parkinson’s Disease.

4. Exotic plants grow on this island ________________, so it attracts botanists from all over the world.

5. The terrorists inflicted ________________ on the local population when they attacked the mosque.

G. Choose the correct word in each sentence.

1. The author’s writing is so abstract / abrupt that it is really hard for most of the readers to follow.

2. Ceasing / Capsizing during kayaking is quite common, so paddlers must be able to exit the boat calmly.

3. The cancellation / captivity of the young singer’s concert was a deep disappointment for her fans.

4. Because of the success of her book, the girl has become a casualty / celebrity at the age of fifteen.

5. A number of calamities / cemeteries are known for ghost stories about their graves and burial grounds.

6. You should write a(n) absence / casualty excuse letter when you have been away from your workplace for a while.

7. Kansas City is centrally / abusively located in the heart of America. It’s easily accessible by interstates and highways.

8. The technique of capturing candid / capable moments and taking fascinating pictures is an art that only a few photographers possess.

9. Cells / Bands are the smallest structures capable of basic life processes, such as taking in nutrients, expelling waste and reproducing.

10. Water-soluble vitamins are directly abstained / absorbed into the bloodstream while fat-soluble vitamins need to be broken down in the digestive system.

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SESSION 1 - PART 1 SESSION 1 - PART 1

DİLKO YAYINLARI VOCABULARY STUDIES - 1

H. Choose the synonyms of the words.

1. abolish

A) harden B) eliminate C) challenge D) occupy

2. abundant

A) ridiculous B) delicate C) strenuous D) plentiful

3. ban

A) elect B) consider C) discuss D) prohibit

4. calamity

A) property B) disaster C) emphasis D) wisdom

5. casual

A) relaxed B) adverse C) notable D) apparent

I. Complete the sentences with the help of the letters given.

1. My daughter has a b________________ degree in Science and she is getting her Physics degree this year.

2. A c________________ is all about exaggerating some features of a person’s face to create humour.

3. Recycling one aluminium beverage c________________ saves enough electricity to power a TV for 3 hours.

4. When hiring an individual into an organization, it is highly crucial to check his b________________.

5. A judge has set b________________ at $10 million for a man accused of breaking into a home and shooting two people.

6. For a woman, the thought of going b________________ is heartbreaking, but there are many hair growth products for women.

7. A c________________ in information technology is one of the best fields one can choose if he has an interest in computers.

8. Tom has been unable to play since Last October due to a torn c________________ muscle.

9. The newspaper columnist challenging government c________________ by writing about political reforms was fired by her publisher last week.

10. Natural disasters such as hurricanes, floods and earthquakes repeatedly demonstrate that a c________________ can strike unexpectedly.

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SESSION 1 - PART 1 SESSION 1 - PART 1

DİLKO YAYINLARIVOCABULARY STUDIES - 1

1. Some ---- concepts such as love or hatred cannot be described but experienced.

A) timid B) abstractC) notorious D) nutritious E) curious

2. Though we think Turkish cuisine is ----, many foreigners cannot eat it and say it is too fatty.

A) abundant B) palatableC) artificial D) sensitive E) domestic

3. The place called “The Devil’s Table” in Ayvalık has a(n) ---- view that overlooks all around Edremit Bay.

A) precise B) fabulousC) shaggy D) explicit E) sparse

4. I must have ---- figures wrongly because I cannot find the right answer in the choices available.

A) enhanced B) inferredC) labelled D) calculated E) devised

5. Though working in a factory seems a(n) ---- task to do at first, office work is much harder as it requires mind effort rather than physical one.

A) precise B) affectionateC) fond D) concrete E) laborious

6. A boss must be ---- when making his decisions and treat people according to what they produce at work.

A) sheer B) impartialC) commercial D) negligible E) potential

7. Being ---- on whatever you do is the key to your success as it is only when you can focus well on the task that you can avoid mistakes.

A) pleasurable B) primaryC) dizzy D) keen E) variable

8. I can never understand if a banknote is ---- or not although I have seen videos about it many times.

A) fake B) additiveC) methodical D) obscene E) indefinite

9. Being gullible and ---- are two different things, the latter being a virtue at times against the shrewd ones in the society.

A) illegible B) naïveC) fluent D) minor E) internal

10. During the peak season, it is impossible to find a(n) ---- room at hotels, so it is best to book earlier.

A) obsolete B) coarseC) vacant D) priceless E) regional

11. I like working at a language course not only because the atmosphere is good but I can go to work in ---- clothes as well, which gives me a sense of relief.

A) hostile B) legitimateC) casual D) artificial E) inclusive

12. Babies who sleep with their parents receive much more ---- stimulation than babies who sleep in a cot.

A) skilful B) tactileC) patient D) initial E) recurrent

13. Children, in contrast to adults, are a lot more ----, telling people whatever is going through their minds.

A) particular B) executiveC) prime D) literary E) earnest

14. The boat carrying lots of refugees ---- in the middle of the sea and many of them, mostly women and children, lost their lives.

A) raised B) utilizedC) resorted D) elevated E) capsized

SESSION 1 TEST 1

52

SESSION 1 - TEST 1

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DİLKO YAYINLARI VOCABULARY STUDIES - 1

39. Although we wanted it a lot, my brother’s name wasn’t among those picked up ---- in order to get into that prestigious school.

A) hazardously B) randomlyC) extremely D) figuratively E) timidly

40. When the proctor said time was almost up, I looked over all the questions ---- once more so that I could notice any mistakes I had made.

A) cautiously B) brilliantlyC) solemnly D) permanently E) falsely

41. I was so excited during the job interview that when the manager asked what my name was, I could ---- answer it.

A) habitually B) deliberatelyC) faintly D) eternally E) confidentially

42. Jason went to court to sue his boss since he had been treating him ---- from the day he had started working in his company.

A) coherently B) abusivelyC) absolutely D) domestically E) randomly

43. Once you start to do something ----, no matter how difficult a task is, there is no reason to be unsuccessful.

A) fortunately B) monotonouslyC) diversely D) eagerly E) similarly

44. Soon after the robber realized that the police were coming closer, he started to run ---- and managed to vanish.

A) awfully B) decentlyC) exclusively D) rapidly E) vividly

45. When I have breakfast, I usually prefer eating homemade things, ---- jams and marmalades.

A) particularly B) approximatelyC) imminently D) impartially E) nutritiously

46. Judges and any other people related to the verdict of a case should act ----, leaving all emotional tendencies aside.

A) scarcely B) formerlyC) objectively D) haphazardly E) randomly

47. The owner of the company made a speech to the workers about the prospect of the factory so ---- that they all changed their minds and decided not to go on a strike.

A) abruptly B) successivelyC) safely D) effectively E) utterly

48. No one could avert their eyes while the model was displaying ---- designed clothes for the summer.

A) spaciously B) conclusivelyC) neutrally D) thoroughly E) fabulously

49. As her father gave the little girl a doll house at the birthday party, she looked at him ----, showing how happy she was feeling at that time.

A) admittedly B) radiantlyC) gradually D) definitely E) identically

50. Having witnessed the success of her friend in the company, Martha couldn’t help watching her ----, wishing she were in her position.

A) variably B) jealouslyC) readily D) moderately E) trivially

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SESSION 1 - TEST 1 SESSION 1 - TEST 1

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DİLKO YAYINLARIVOCABULARY STUDIES - 1

SESSION 1

SESSION 2

VOCABULARYSTUDIES

1