RADHARAMAN GROUP OF INSTITUTES

Vocational Training Presentation On –

INDIAN RAILWAY COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Under The Supervision Of – Presented By -

Mr. Ranjeet Prajapati Ashutosh Verma

CONTENTS:

• INTRODUCTION• PARTS OF RAILWAY COMMUNICATION-

1.RAILNET2.FOIS

• COMMUNICATION• METHOD OF COMMUNICATION IN RAILWAYS• TRANSMISSION METHOD• NETWORK COMPONENTS

INTRODUCTION TO RAILWAYS

Indian Railway is certainly the 'Lifeline of the Nation' with its commendableperformance since the last 150 years having 11270 trains each day on atotal rail route of 62,480km.

Indian Railways is known to be the largest railway network in Asia andworld's largest railway system under a single management with 16 zones.

IR employs about 1.6 million people, making itself the second largestcommercial or utility employer in the world.

The Durg-Bhilai area comes under the South East Central Railway whoseheadquarters is at Bilaspur. It started functioning as a separate zone from5th April 2003.

PARTS OF RAILWAY COMMUNICATION

RAILNET

PRS

PASSENGER RESERVATION

SYSTEM

UTS

UNRESERVED TICKETING SERVICE

P.A. SYSTEMIVRS

INTERACTIVE VOICE RESPONSE SYSTEM

RAILNET-

Railnet is a network which is run by the Indian Railway for its customer service purpose. Passengers can access Railnet through internet and can get user required data about train schedule, ticketing, reservation, train running information etc.

The ticketing and reservation system for railway passenger transport completes the pre-sale and sale management of tickets and covers all administration levels. It is under passenger transport department and connected with the regional headquarters and then with the main

frame computers in Mumbai. Indian

Railway’s web-site, www.indianrail.gov.in offers PRS enquiries on the internet Berth/Seat availability, Passenger Status, Fare, Train Schedule etc. PRS is running currently at 1,200 locations, Deploying 4,000 terminals , covering journeys of 3,000 trains and executing ONE MILLION passenger transactions per day.

PASSENGER RESERVATION SYSTEM

Reservation

storage file

Passenger

Reservation

Process

Enquiry

Ticket Generation

Process

Report to Admin

Data Storage

PRS SYSTEM

UNRESERVED TICKETING SYSYTEM

7

Unreserved ticketing system

involve in printing, accounting and issuing unreserved tickets. A Client Based UTS system is implemented in several locations so that ticketing activity can continue even if the communication link or the server goes down for some time.

P.A. SYSTEM - Announcements of train arrivals, departure, delays, etc. through

preprogrammed messages are stored on data voice recorders on stations

along the railway line.

IVRS- An interactive voice

response system that canrecognize a customer’s voice andanswer queries as well as anyperson. It can enhance ourorganization’s efficiency unlikeconventional interactive systems.

IVR Server

FOIS NETWORK

CMS(Crew Management System)

ICMS(Integrated Coach Management System)

Goods Management System

TMS(Terminal Management System)

Revenue Accounting System

Process Of Communication

Steps-

a. Input transductionb. Processing(Amplification and Modulation)**c. Transmission**d. Receptione. Output transduction

# Conversion from Analog to Digital-

Pulse-code modulation(PCM) is a method used to digitally representthe analog signals. In a PCM stream, the amplitude of the analog signal issampled regularly at uniform intervals, and each sample is quantized to thenearest value within a range of digital steps.

For ex.- the quantized values of a sinesignal at the sampling moments are 7,9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 14, 15, 15, 15, 14,etc. Encoding these values as binarynumbers would result in the followingset of nibbles: 0111(23×0+22×1+21×1+20×1=0+4+2+1=7),1001, 1011, 1100, 1101, 1110, 1110,1111, 1111, 1111, 1110, etc.

METHODS OF COMMUNICATION IN RAILWAYS-

Optical Fibre Communication-* Between major stations* Multiple links possible in between* Fastest and secure* Largest band width* Can carry very large no. of channels

Microwave-* Wireless method* Prone to weather* Max range up to 40kms* Bandwidth of 300MHz-300GHz

Radio Communication-* Between driver and station master* Low distance communication within a railway station

LAN-

* Wired communication between different computers at station

* Internet or Intranet access may be there* RJ-45(8 pin connection) cable or coaxial cable

is used.* Works within a station

Telephonic communication-* Connects different offices, loco-sheds, homes

of officials* Works via a telephone line* Often single channel is used* Separate Railway Telecom. Exchange is set

up for this purpose

Transmission Methods-

1. PDH- The Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy is a technology used

in telecommunications networks to transport large quantities of data over digitaltransport equipment such as fibre optic and microwave radio systems

2. SDH- The Synchronous Optical

Networking (SONET) and SynchronousDigital Hierarchy (SDH) are standardizedprotocols that transfer multiple digital bitstreams over optical fiber using lasers orhighly coherent light from light-emittingdiodes. The method was developed toreplace the PDH system for transportinglarge amounts of telephone callsand data traffic over the same fiberwithout synchronization problems.

3 .WDM(Wavelength Division Multiplexing)-

It is a technology which multiplexes a number of opticalcarrier signals onto a single optical fiber by usingdifferent wavelengths. DWDM originally to opticalsignals multiplexed within the 1550 nm band so as toleverage the capabilities and cost of erbium doped fiberamplifiers(EDFAs), which are effective for wavelengthsbetween approximately 1525–1610nm.

WDM Setup

Sender’s PC

Switch

Router

Router

Switch

Receiver’s PC

Two way links

Network Components-

1. Router2. Switch3. Firewall4. Network Interface Card

RouterA router translates information from one network to another. It is similar to a super intelligent bridge.

A Router Can-1. Direct signal traffic efficiently.2. Route messages b\w any two protocols.3. Route messages b\w linear bus, star and star-wired ring topologies.4. Route messages across fiber optics, coaxial & twisted pair cabling.

SwitchThe switch is used to interconnect the nodes. But it is more complex, versatile and also there is no division of bandwidth among the nodes.

A Router

FirewallIt is security purpose software, which is used to secure the servercontents, so the outside user could not temper the information; the usercan read the information but can not write any thing.

Network Interface CardIt is a device having intelligence to control access to the networks andenable communication across the network. Through NIC the nodes areconnected functionally and physically to the network. It is also callednetwork adapter.

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THANK YOU