vol. 6 eia report - world bank · 2016. 8. 31. · to that of the 110 kv xiakou transmission line....

VOLUME 11

E416Vol. 6

EIA ReportTransmission Lines Component

Hubei Hydropower Project

Prepared for:

The Government of Hubei Province

Prepared by:

International Department of Hubei Provincial Financial Bureau

East China Investigation and Design institute

April 2002 FILE COPY

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EIA for Transmission Lines Component: Hubei Hydropower Project

Project: Transmission Lines Component of Hubei Hydropower Project

Document: EIA Report (revised)

EIA Team Leader: Chen Gentu Engineer

EIA Team Members: Rui Jianliang Senior Engineer

Ding Mingming Senior Engineer

Li Jiapei Senior Engineer

Guo Jian Assistant Engineer

Reviewer: Zhang ZhuSheng Senior Consultant

Sign Off by: Rui Jianliang Chief Engineer

EIA Unit: East China Investigation and Design Institute

EIA License No.:

Entrusted by: International Department of Hubei Provincial Financial Bureau


Table of Contents

1. Introduction ....................................... 1

2. Project Description . 7

3. Baseline Environmental Conditions .............................................. 12

4. Assessment of Impacts and Recommended Mitigation Measures . 23

5. Analyiss of Economic Benefits and Losses . -.... -------...----.-.-.-.----.---.-.-.-.- 40

6. Environmental Management Plan .------- 42

7. Public Consultation and Disclosure .-----......---......----.. ---..... ------- 50

8. Summary and Conclusions .................................. 54

References ................................. 57

Figures

Fig.2-1 to Fig. 2-4 Schematics of Transmission Line Routes .9

Fig.6-1 Environmental Management System ................................................... 44

Tables

Table 1-1 Standards for EIA . -..........--.... -....- 4

Table 2-1 Conductor Wire Types .10

Table 2-2 Minimum Vertical Clearance Distances for 110 kV and 220 kVConductors .10

Table 2-3 Tower Specifications .11

Table 3-1 Summary of Climate Features in the Project-affected Areas .--.-.-.-. 12

Table 3-2 Geology and Landforms of the Project Areas .-.-.--.-.---- 13

Table 3-3 Soils in the Project Area .14

Table 3-4 Data on Rivers that will be Crossed by Transmission Lines .15

Table 3-5 Vegetation Distribution in Each Project Area .*.----.------.---.-.----.-.-.---17

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Table 3-6 Water and Soil Conservation Status .18

Table 3-7 Socio-Economic Data for the Project Areas .19

Table 3-8 Distance between the Transmission Lines and Cultural/HistoicPlaces of Interest - 21

Table 4-1 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts .24

Table 4-2 Soil Loss as a Result of Tower Foundation Excavations .27

Table 4-3 Temporary and Permanent Land Requirements .31

Table 4-4 Electromagnetic Intensity of110 kV and 220 kV Transmission lines .*........-.----.---.--.-.-.*37

Table 6-1 Environmental Monitoring Elements .46

Table 6-2 Major Contents of Environment Information Report .48

Table 7-1 Schedule of Public Consultation and Disclosure forDongping, Lajitan and Songshuling Transmission Line Projects . 52

Appendices

Appendix A Schematic Drawings for Typical 110 kV and 220 kV TransmissionLine Towers .A-1

Appendix B Questionnaires Used to Gather Public OpinionFor the Transmission Line Projects . B-1

Appendix C Results of Xiakou Transmission Line Public ConsultatationProcess .C-1

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Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 Introduction

This section of the report provides an overview of the transmission line component of theHubei Hydropower Project and its objectives, and defines the requirements for and thescope of the EIA. The project is described more fully in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 providesinformation on the environmental baseline conditions along the proposed transmission lineroutes. Environmental impacts and proposed mitigation measures are discussed inChapter 4. Chapter 5 includes an analysis of economic benefits and losses, consistentwith Chinese EA requirements. Chapter 6 contains an environmental mitigation andmonitoring plan. Results of public consultation and disclosure are presented in Chapter 7.The last chapter of this document, Chapter 8, presents a summary of findings andconclusions.

1.2 Background

The Government of Hubei Province and State Power Corporation of China have requesteda loan from the World Bank to build four medium sized hydropower projects in westernHubei Province. These include:

* 102 MW Dongping Power Station in Xuanen County

* 36 MW Lajitan Power Station in Laifeng County

* 50 MW Songshuling Power Station in Zhushan County

* 30 MW Xiakou Power Station in Nanzhang County

The objective of the Hubei Hydropower Project is to provide additional generation capacityfor the Hubei provincial electrical grid, and to provide opportunities for economicdevelopment (e.g., through electricity tarrifs, employment, tourism) in the project-affectedcounties, which are among the poorest in China. A separate EIA has been prepared foreach of the hydropower projects, along with a summary EA report, and submitted to theWorld Bank for review and acceptance'. Each of the four main EIA documents wasreviewed and approved by the Hubei Environmental Protection Bureau.

For more information on the environmental effects, mitigation measures and environmental mitigation andmonitoring requirements for each project, the reader is encouraged to review the individual EIA for each project, orthe Summary EA Report that addresses all four projects together.

EIA for Transmnission Lines Component: Hubei Hydropower Project

In order to connect each of the four proposed generating stations to the Hubei provincialelectricity grid, high voltage transmission lines will need to be constructed as follows:

* 36 km 220 kV Dongping Transmission Line

* 32 km 110 kV Lajitan Transmission Line

* 45 km 110 kV Songshuling Transmission Line

* 65 km 110kV Xiakou Transmission Line

Additional details of each transmission line project are provided in Chapter 2.

1.3 Status of Transmission Line Component

At the time this EIA report was prepared, preliminary design and route selection have beencompleted for the Xiakou Transmission Line only2. Preliminary design and transmissionline route selection for the Dongping, Lajitan and Songshuling transmission lines will becompleted according to the following schedule:

Transmission Line Expected Date for Completion of PreliminaryProject Design and Route Selection

* Dongping April 2003

* Lajitan October 2002

* Songshuiling November 2003

Notwithstanding that the transmission line routes have yet to be delineated for the Dongping,Lajitan, and Songshuling transmission line projects, criteria for routing have been establishedwhich allow for assessment of potential impacts. These criteria are identified in Chapter 2.The designs for the 110 kV Lajitan and Songshuling transmission lines will be very similarto that of the 110 kV Xiakou Transmission Line. The design of the 220 kV DongpingTransimission Line will differ from Xiakou, insofar as the towers will be larger toaccommodate the heavier conductor wire loading.

2 Primary Design of the IlOkV Huazhuang-Xiakou Transmission Line Project, Xiangfan Power Investigation andDesign Institute, Nov. 2001

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1.4 Purpose and Objective of EIA

The purpose of this EIA is to provide decision makers and planners with a tool to use inidentifying and managing the negative and beneficial environmental and social effects thatmay result from the transmission line component of the Hubei Hydropower Project. Theobjective of this EIA is to identify the key impacts, develop effective mitigation measures toprevent, reduce or eliminate the negative effects, and enhance the positive benefits, obtaininput from project-affected people in the along the transmission line corridors, and preparean environmental mitigation and monitoring plan (EMMP) that will be used to implementenvironmental protection measures during construction and operation.

1.5 Environment Impact Assessment Screening Category

Stand-alone transmission line projects of the scale being proposed here, would normally bedesignated Category B projects under the World Bank's environmental screening criteria asdefined in the Bank's operational policy on environmental assessment (OP 4.01Environmental Assessment). However, since each of the four transmission line projectswill be funded as part of the overall Hubei Hydropower Project, which has been given anenvironmental screening designation of Category A, the four transmission line projects mustalso be considered as Category A projects. A full EIA is required.

1.6 Standards Used in Preparing Environment Assessment

1.6.1 Laws and Regulations

The following Chinese laws and regulations have been followed in preparing thistransmission line EIA.

(1) Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China (1989.12.26)

(2) Regulations of Environmental Protection Management for Construction Projects(1998.11.18)

(3) Methods of Environmental Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation (1997.3.25)

(4) Notification of Strengthening Environmental Impact Assessment Management forConstruction Project Funded by International Monetary Organization(1993.6.21)

(5) Law of the People's Republic of China on the Conservation of Water and Soil(1991.6.29)

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(6) Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Wild Animals(1984.9.20)

(7) Forestry Law of the People's Republic of China (1991.6.29)

1.6.2 Environmental Assesssment Technical Guidelines and Specifications

The following World Bank and Chinese technical guidelines and specifications have beenfollowed in preparing this transmission line EIA.

(1) World Bank's Guideline Environmental Assessment (OP4.01)

(2) Technical Guidelines of Environmental Impact Assessment HJ/T2.1 -2.3-93.HJ/T2.4-95

(3) Technical Regulations on Environmental Impact Assessment of ElectromagneticRadiation Produced by 500kV Ultrahigh Voltage Transmission and Transfer PowerEngineering HJIT 24-1998

(4) Guideline on Radiation Environment Protection Management, Environment ImpactAssessment Methods and Standards on Electromagnetic Radiation HJIT 10.3-1996

1.7 Environmental Quality Standards for EIA

The following Chinese environmental quality standards were used to assess potentialenvironmental impacts expected to accrue as a result of construction and operation of thetransmission line projects.

Table 1-1 Standards for EIA

Standards or Item Grade Factor Standard ValueSpecification

GB3095-1996 Environment Air 2 TSP (mean A0.30mg/Nm3

Quality Standard daily value)Standard on daytime-55dB,

GB3096-93 Environment Noise in I Leq nighttime•45dBUrban Area ________________

pH 6_9

COD < 100mg/L

GB8978-1996 Standards on Pollution I BOD5 20mg/l

Petroleum < 5mg/L

SS < 70mg/L

Boundary Limitation Limitation During daytime ,75dB,GB 12523-90 of Construction Site Value excavation nighttime S 55dB

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Standards or Item Grade Factor Standard ValueSpecirication

During daytime , 70dB,structure nighttime < 50dB

4kV/m of the electronic field intensity as the assessment standard for 50Hzresidential area, 8OA/m of the magnetic field intensity as the assessmentstandard

SugT24-1998 The limitation value of the radio interference is 46dB ( u V/m) (0.5SMHz) at(Suggested) 20m near the side phase line projection of the 1 lOkV transmission lines;

The limitation value of the radio interference is 53dB ( t V/m) (O.5MiHz) at20m near the side phase line projection of the 220kV transmission lines.

1.8 Scope of Environmental Impact Assessment

1.8.1 Scope of Environment Impact Assessment

The study area scope for the EIA varied depending on the issue being evaluated, asfollows:

Key Issue Limits of Study Area

Acoustic environment lOOm around the tower foundations duringconstruction, and 30m strip along both sides alongthe transmission lines during operation.

Electromagnetic radiation 30m strip along both sides along the transmissionlines

Radio interference 2000m strip areas at both sides along thetransmission lines

Ecological environment lOOm strip areas at both sides along thetransmission lines

1.8.2 Objects of Environment Protection

Although only the transmission line route for Xiakou has been delineated at this time, theapproximate routing for the other three (Dongping, Lajitan and Songshuling) transmissionlines has been determined based on established criteria. In all cases, the routes for the fourtransmission lines will not impinge on scenic viewscapes, and will not pass within closeproximity to houses or other structure.

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It is expected that the environment air quality of the assessment areas will meet the Grade IIstandard of the Standard on Environment Air Quality (GB3096-1996). The environmentacoustic quality will meet the Grade I standard of the Standard on Environment Noisestandard in Urban Areas (GB3096-93). The electromagnetic radiation will also meet theEIA standard. The ecological environment quality will not be significantly lower than thatbefore the construction of the project.

1.9 EIA Methodology

The following methods were used to carry out this EIA.

1.9.1 Data Collection and Field Investigations

Reconnaissance level field investigations were carried out in each of the four project areas.Members of the EIA team obtained additional data from statistics, agricultural, forestry,water conservation, and land management bureaus in eacho of the respectiveproject-affected counties. Data was assembled on the natural environment (climate, terrain,geology, soils, water and soil conservation, wildlife, vegetation) and social environment(socio-economics, infrastructure, land use, archaeological and heritage resources, importantscenic viewscapes).

1.9.2 Data Analysis

Consistent with Chinese standards for evaluating environmental impacts, various methods ofdata analysis were used, including quantitative methods and analysis of analogous data fromother similar projects for assessment of electromagnetic effects. Qualitative analysis wasapplied to assess ecological and human social impacts.

1.9.3 Public Consultation and Disclosure

In accordance with the requirements of the World Bank policy on EnvironmentalAssessment (OP 4.01) a program of public consultation was carried out for the transmissionline component of the Hubei Hydropower Project. Questionnaires were developed andused to obtain public opinion.

This draft EIA report will be submitted to local county administration offices where it willbe available for a period of at least three weeks, for local citizens who wish to review andprovide comments on it. Advertisements will be run in the local print and radio media,inviting citizens to review the document and provide comments to the respective projectauthorities. It is anticipated that public disclosure of this draft EIA will occur sometime inAugust 2002.

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Chapter 2

Project Description

2.1 Introduction

This section of the EIA report provides a brief description of the transmission linecomponent of the Hubei Hydropower Project.

2.2 Location of the Project

The Hubei Hydropower Project consists of four separate hydropower developments insouthwestern Hubei Province, as follows:

* Donping Hydropower Project - located on the Zhongjian River in Xuanen County(109011' to 1090 55' E; 290 33' to 300 12' N)

* Lajitan Hydropower Project - located on the Youshui River in Laifeng County (109° 00' to 109 0 27' E; 29 ° 06' to 29 0 40' N)

* Songshuling Hydropower Project - located on the Guandu River in ZhushanCounty (111 ° 23' to 112 0 09' E; 31 0 13' to 32 0 01' N)

* Xiakou Hydropower Project - located on the Juhe River in Nanzhang County (109 034' to 110°26' E; 31° 13' to 320 37' N)

2.3 Transmission Line Routing

As noted above, to date transmission line routing has only been delineated for the XiakouTransmission Line. Howerver, the general location of the other three transmission linescan be inferred based on the following criteria used to select transmission line routes:

* Shortest distance between power station and grid substation to minimizeconstruction costs

* Within 2 km or less of existing local road or county highway to minimize need forconstructing access roads and to minimize environmental disturbance

The topography of the four project areas is dominated by steep rocky gorges that bisectlimestone mountains that rise to 1500 m. The transmission lines will cross theproject-affected rivers, climb up and over one or more sets of mountains, and cross valleybottom farmland.

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A single circuit high voltage transmission line will connect each of the hydro projects to theexisting substations located within the project-affected counties3 . The Dongpingtransmission line will cross county lines, to connect with the Hubei provincial power grid inEnshi Prefecture (109' 4' to 1O9 58' E; 290 24' to 300 40' N). The transmission linecomponent of the Hubei Hydropower Project includes:

* Dongping Transmission Line - 36 km 220 kV line connecting the Dongpingpowerhouse substation to the existing 220 kV Longfengba Substation. Thetransmission line will pass through three village and town administrative areas,including Wanzhai in Xuanen County and Huangnitang and Longfeng in EnshiPrefecture.

* Lajitan Transmission Line -32 km 110 kV line connecting the Lajitan powerhousesubstation to the 110kV Jiusi Substation. The transmission line will pass throughfour village and town administrative areas, including Baifusi, Manshui, Lushui andJiusi, all within Laifeng County.

* Songshuling Transmission Line - 45 km 110 kV line connecting Songshulingpowerhouse substation to the 110kV Zhushan Substation. The transmission linewill pass through Guandu Town and Tianjiaxiang Village admininistrative areas.

* Xiakou Transmission Line - 65.31 km 110 kV transmission line connecting theXiakou powerhouse substation to the 110 kV Huazhuang Substation. Thetransmission line will pass through four town administrative areas, includingXiakou, Xunjian, Xiaolian and Huazhuang, all within Nanzhang County.

The approximate routing of the four transmission lines is shown in Figures 2-1 through2-4.

2.4 Design Specifications

2.4.1 Right-of-Way Clearing

For the 220 kV Dongping Transmission Line, a 45 m wide right-of-way will be established.For the 110 kV Lajitan, Songshuling and Xiakou transmission lines, a 40 m wideright-of-way will be established. Complete clearing of vegetation will only be carried outto accommodate construction of the towers, or where it is necessary to provide adequatevertical clearance distance between the conductors and vegetation. Otherwise, due to themountainous terrain of the region, towers will be strategically placed so as to take adantageof high points in the topography, thereby providing for spans that exceed the minimalground/vegetation clearance distance by an ample margin. Under these circumstances noright-of-way clearing will be necessary.

3 The Lajitan Transmission Line will eventually be a double circuit line. However, it will be constructed as a singlecircuit line as part of the present project, with the potential for the second circuit to be installed on the towers in thefuture.

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Figures 2-1 through 2-4 Transmission Line Route Schematics

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2.4.2 Conductor Wires

The code specification for conductor wires that will be used for the respective transmissionlines are included in Table 2-1.

Table 2-1 Conductor Wire Types

Line Type220 kV Dongping Transmnission Line LGJQ-240/50

110 kV Lajitan Transmission Line LGJ-185110 kV Songshuling Transmission Line LGJ-185/30

110 kV XiakouTransmission Line LGJ-185/30

Minimum vertical clearance distances between conductor wires and various landscape,vegetation and infrastructure features over which the conductors may span are given inTable 2-2.

Table 2-2 Minimum Vertical Clearance Distances for 110 kV and 220 kVConductors

Crossing Items Minimum Distance (im)tlOkV 220kV

Non-Residential Area 6.0 6.5Residential Area 7.0 7.5

Highway 7.0 8.0Un-navigatable Channel 6.0 6.5

Transmission lines 3.0 4.0Communication lines 3.0 4.0

Trees 3.5 4.0Plants (natural height) 3.0 3.5

Fruit Trees 3.0 3.5

2.4.3 Tower Designs

For the Dongping 220 kV transmission line and the Lajitan, Songshuling and Xiakou 110kV transmission lines, steel lattice towers will be used. Table 2-3 provides specificationsfor the various towers that will be used. Drawings and dimensions of typical towers thatmeet these specificastions are included as Appendix A.

Towers of differing height are used in mountainous terrain in order to optimize verticalclearances for conductor wires. Where uneven ground conditions are encountered,staggered leg tower designs are employed to reduce the need to excavate level constructionpads on which to situate the towers.

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Table 2-3 Tower Specifications

Chinese Tower Design 110 kV 220 kVCodes

Height (m) Base (m x m) Height (m) Base (m x m)Standard Tower-TI 14, 18,22 1.8x 1.8 22,26,30 2.5 x2.5-T2 18,22,30 2.2 x 2.2 30, 33, 36 2.9 x 2.9-X5 15, 18,22 0.7 x 0.7 22,25,28 1.2 x 1.2

Corner Tower- J4 9.5, 13.5 2.5 x 2.5 13.5, 16.5 2.9 x 2.9- J5 9.5, 13.5 2.6 x 2.6 13.5, 16.5 3.1 x 3.1- J6 9.5, 13.5 3.0 x 3.0 13.5, 16.5 3.5 x 3.5

2.4.4 Tower Foundations

Depending on the location, ground slope and ground/geology conditions at a given towersite, a variety of tower foundation types may be employed for each transmission line.These will include pre-cast concrete foundations (for level sites where good road access isavailable right to the tower site), concrete step, concrete disk, and bedrock anchorfoundations. For tower sites requiring concrete foundations, for which concrete must bemixed and poured on site, cement and aggregates will be supplied from existing availablesources. No new aggregate or cement processing facilities will be developed for thepurpose of supplying raw materials for the transmission line projects.

2.5 Access Roads

As noted above, transmission lines will be constructed within 2 km of existing local roadsand county highways. Materials for constructing the steel lattice towers will be depositedat strategic locations along existing roads, and man-handled to the tower sites by localcontracted workers, who will use existing or newly cleared paths to gain access to the sites.

A nylon bull rope will be used to string the conductor wires through pulleys that will betemporarily suspended from the towers. A stationary winch will be used to string andtension the conductors. Depending on the changes in elevation, road access and conductorsize, the winch is capable of stringing conductor over a distance of 15 km to 20 km, before itmust be repositioned for the next pull.

2.6 Removal of Existing Structures

Based on the field reconnaissance and discussions with the designers of the transmissionlines, it has been determined that no houses, or other man-made structures will need to bedemolished or dismantled to make way for the transmission lines.


Chapter 3

Baseline Environmental Conditions

3.1 Introduction

This section of the EIA report presents information on the natural nad social environmentalsetting within the transmission line project areas.

3.2 Natural Environment

3.2.1 Climate

The region in which the four transmission line projects will be constructed is classified asNorth Subtropical Monsoon Moist Climate Zone. The climate is further influenced by themountainous topography, and is characterized by having four distinct seasons. Conditionsvary from cool dry winters, to warm rainy springs, to hot rainy summers, to warm dryautumns. The winters have long periods of frost-free conditions.

The main climate features are summarized for the four project affected counties in Table3-1.

Table 3-1 Summary of Climate Features in the Project-Affected Counties

Average Highest Lowest .e.t.o AverageRegion Temperature Temperature Temperature Precipitation Wind Speed

(°CC) CC) (°C) (mm) (mIs)Xuanen 15.8 40.8 -12.7 1563 1.0Laifeng 16.5 41.0 -15.0 1353 0.7Zhushan 15.5 43.4 -10.2 836.2 0.8Nanzhang 15.6 40.2 -18.8 1030 1.8

3.2.1 Geology, Soils and Landform Features

The four proposed projects are located in what is generally referred to as the Three GorgesArea of the Yangtze River Basin. The bedrock geology is comprised primarily of a foldedseries of limestone deposits with inter-bedded sandstones and shales. These overlay olderdeposits of granite. The damsites from which the transmission lines will wheel power outto the provincial grid are located in river gorges where steep bedrock controlledmountainsides, sparsely covered by thin-layered deposits of limy soil, prevail.

Closer to settlements, lands have been cleared of vegetation to make way for farms. On theriver terraces rice is cultivated in paddy soils. Vegetables are also grown on the river

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terraces and on hillside lands with slopes up to and in excess of 300. These sloping gardenplots are not terraced and, therefore, the soils are subject to severe erosion during heavymonsoon rainstorms.

Mineral deposits are scattered throughout the region. However, the primary Mineralresource of economic value is gypsum. No major known or suspected mineral depositswill be affected by the project.

The landform features of the project area are shown in Table 3-2. The soil types featuresof the project area are shown in Table 3-3.

Table 3-2 Geology and Landforms of the Project Areas

Zone Geology and Landforms

Sedimentary rock, mainly composed of limestone, and shale silicarenite as well.

Enshi Complicated landform, more than 90% mountainous areas; northwest and southeast arePrefecture higher in elevation (average 1500 m), and northeast and southwest are lower in

elevation (average 800-1300 m); central area is a river basin in mountains, withaverage elevation of about 500 m.

Sedimentary rock, mainly composed of limestone, and shale silicarenite as well.

Xuanen Complicated landform, the average height of the south-east, center, and the side of theCounty north-west is above 1000 m; the northeast and south-est are lower elevation (average

800-1300 m); the central area is a river basin composed of a mixture of river terrace,dales, small basins, flood plains, slopes, and canyon within mountainous terrain, withan average elevation of about 500 m.

Sedimentary rock, mainly composed of limestone, and sprat of red sandstone.

Laifeng Covered layer folds, Karst landform, narrow and long, where the northern area is widerCounty and the southern area is narrower. Land slopes from the southeast to the northwest;

west and northwest are mountainous; northeast and southeast are river basins along theYoushui River.

Sandstone, slate, limestone, phillite, volcanic, schist, shale, and dolomite rocks. Itbelongs Daba Mountain series in the southern area of the fracture-zone in Guandu

Zhushan Town, where the elevation is above 1500 m. The northern area is Wudang MountainCounty series of the elongation of Qingling Mountain, with an elevation about 1000 m. The

direction of mountains in the northern and southern areas is east-west orientation; thecenter are basins with elevation below 600m.

Nanzhang Higher elevation in the west and lower elevation in the east; to the west isCounty mountainous, with elevations between 800-1200 m; central area is hills with

elevations between 300-800 m; elevations in the east between is 65-300 m.

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Table 3-3 Soils in the Project Area

Zone Type of SoilEnshi There are 9 types, 19 sub-types, 53 genera, and 139 categories of the soils, whichPrefecture mainly are yellow, yellow-brown, brown, lime, wet, meadow, marsh and rice soils etc.Xuanen There are 10 types, 19 sub-types, 53 genera, and 191 categories of the soils, whichCounty mainly are yellow-brown, yellow, brown, lime, wet, red, marsh and rice soils etc.Laifeng There are 8 types, 15 sub-types, 46 genera, and 126 categories of the soils, whichCounty mainly are red, yellow, yellow-brown, brown, lime, marsh and rice soils etc.Zhushan There are 6 types, 12 sub-types, 30 genera, and 90 categories of the soils, whichCounty mainly are yellow-brown, brown, lime, and rice soils etc.

Nanzhang There are 5 types, 13 sub-types, 34 genera, and 117 categories of the soils, whichCounty mainly are yellow-brown, lime, marsh and rice soils etc.

3.2.2 Hydrology

The rivers on which the four projects are proposed are all tertiary or quatemary tributarysystems that form the upper reaches of larger subwatersheds that drain into the YangtzeRiver. The rivers are generally incised into steeply walled rocky gorges. The river bedsare relatively steep gradient and bedrock or boulder/cobble controlled, with gravel and sanddeposits occurring on point bars. Flows within the rivers are primarily in response to acombination of precipitation, karst springs and groundwater seepage in the wet season, andsprings and groundwater seepage in the dry season. As a result of the effects ofprecipitation, water levels fluctuate significantly between dry season and monsoon season.Large fluctuations also occur over a matter of days or hours, as a result of the effects ofsevere monsoon rainstorms. In areas where vegetation has been removed to expose soilson sloping land, or where vegetation grows sparsely on steep rocky slopes, rainwater is notintercepted and retained. The result is that storm related fluctuations in river levels areamplified along with sediment loading in the watercourses.

The Dongping Transmission Line will cross two main rivers to connect to the provincial grid.These include the Zhongjian River, near the Dongping power house, and the QingjiangRiver near Enshi City. The Lajitan Transmission Line will cross the Youshui River nearthe Lajitan power house. The Songshuling Transmission Line will cross the Guandu Rivernear the Songshuling power house The Xiakou Transmission Line will cross the Juhe Rivernear the Xiakou power house. Table 3-4 presents information on the proposed crossinglocations for each of these rivers.

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Table 3-4 Data on Rivers that Will be Crossed by Transmission Lines

Transmission Line Crossings of Project-Affected Rivers

Dongping Lajitan Songshuling XiakouTransmission Line Transmission Transmission Transmission

Line Line LIne

Zhonjian Qingiiang Youshui Guandu Juhe

Average 46.5 440 115 57.9 18.07Annual Flow(m3/sec)

Maxumum 2660 Unknown 4470 2590 2890Flow (m3/sec)(recorded)

Minimum 0.02 Unknown 3.03 10.2 No recordsFlow (m3/sec)recorded

Conditions at Rocky River Rocky Gorge Rocky Gorge Rocky GorgeCrossing Gorge TerracePoint

Approximate 155 100- 150 115 128 195Width atCrossingPoint4 (m)

Characteristic Clearspan Clearspan Clearspan Clearspan Clearspanof Crossing

3.3 Ecological Environment

3.3.1 Unique Habitats

There are no lakes, marshes or other wetlands within the areas in which the transmissionlines will be constructed. As noted above, the area is characterized by steep mountainousterrain with deeply incised rocky gorges. Although karst features are encountered in theDongping and Lajitan project areas, there are no karst structures that would otherwise beaffected by the transmission line projects in these two regions.

4 Based on crest length of dam for Dongping, Lajitan, Songshuling and Xiakou transmission lines

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3.3.2 Flora

Within the remote valley's north and south of the middle reach of the Yangtze, where thefour projects are proposed to be located, natural vegetation covers roughly 28.5% to 70% ofthe land surface. This is higher than the national average of 12.7% and 23.5% for HubeiProvince. Some 882 species of trees and 400 species of shrubs have been identified fromwithin this region.

The various species of plants within the project areas are distributed vertically in zones,identified by the dominant tree species. This vertical vegetation zonation is determined bya combination of monsoon weather patterns, which affect soil moisture and nutrient regimes,and temperature, and availability of soil for rooting.

Although the natural vegetation cover is defined as forest vegetation, only a small proportionof this is what would be considered standing forest. Very little primitive (old growth) foreststands exist within the region, primarily on the higher more inaccessible slopes. Otherwise,most of the forest stands are either cultivated forest or natural second growth stands.

There are no parks or protected areas (State, Provincial, or County-level) within the fourproposed project settings.

The steep narrow river gorges, with their exposed bedrock and sparsely distributed shallowsoils support undisturbed expanses of woody shrubland vegetation, comprised predominantlyof stunted evergreen and deciduous broadleaf trees, shrubs, bamboo, cane grasses, ferns andother forbes and grasses. At higher elevations, where the steep river gorges and canyonwalls give way to less steeply sloping mountain terrain and rounded mountain top features,thicker soils support native coniferous, evergreen and deciduous broadleaf, and bambooforests. In areas closer to settlements, these forested slopes have been cleared to make wayfor vegetable gardens and upland grain fields. In areas where Quaternary river terraceshave developed, human settlements have become established over the centuries. Humanoccupation of these areas has resulted in the removal of native evergreen and deciduousbroad leaf forests along the river margins. These terraces have been reworked to create ricepaddies, vegetable and orchard terraces. On lands not suited to agriculture, but which havesufficient soil cover to plant trees, orchards and commercial pine and fir plantations havebeen established. These are generally located at elevations above what will become thenormal storage level for the reservoirs. However, some commercial plantation forest willbe lost at specific locations as a result of the project.

Table 3-5 presents additional information regarding the distribution and makeup ofvegetation within the four project areas.

Within the Dongping Project area, the steep rock dominated slopes of the proposed dam siteand reservoir zone are mainly vegetated with mixed scrub forest, woody shrubland andbamboo forest. Commercial plantations of mainly pine and fir occur closer to settlementareas.

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Table 3-5 Vegetation Distribution in Each Project Area

Distribution CharacteristicsCategory Dongping Lajitan Songshuling Xiakou

Elevation at:- Base of Proposed 430 m 348 m 365 m 263.9 mDam- Normal Reservoir 490 m 370 m 394 m 262.13 mStorage LevelEvergreen Coniferous Altitude 356-800m Altitude 800-1200m Altitude 800-1800m Below Altitude 600mForestDeciduous Broad-leaf Below Altitude 800m Altitude 1000-O500m Altitude 300-700mForestMixed Coniferous Altitude 800-1200m Altitude 800-1200m Altitude 400-1000m Below Altitude 800mForestWoody Shrubland Altitude Below Altitude 400m Altitude 300-700mForest 1200-2014.5mBamboo Forest Below 800m Below Altitude 400mScrub Low hills Below Altitude 800m Below Altitude 400m Altitude 300-700mCommercial Forest Reservoir area Below Altitude 400m Below 500m

Note: forest types likely to be affected by the construction zone and inundation for each project area shown in bold.

Within Laifeng County, forest covers 30.4% of the land surface. This increases to 45%within the upper Youshui River basin, where the Lajitan Project is proposed, mostly as aresult of commercial pine and fir plantations. Within the valleys (elevation 369 m to 390 m)of the Youshui River and its tributaries, commercial tree plantations comprised of deciduousbroadleaf trees and shrubs (e.g., for fruit, nut and oil production) are the predominantvegetation types outside of ground crops, such as rice and vegetables, which are not includedin the category of perennial vegetation cover. From 400 m to 800 m elevation, scrub forestand deciduous broadleaf forest are the predominant forest types. Evergreen and deciduousbroadleaf forest and temperate coniferous forest is found above 800 m elevation.

Within Zhushan County, forest covers 28.5% of the land surface. In the upper GuanduRiver (Guanduhe) drainage, where the Songshuling Project is proposed, forest covers 70% ofthe land surface. The valley walls of the upper Guandu basin are steep, rising fromelevation 356 m to 2014 m. Below 400 m the predominant vegetation cover is woodyshrubland, scrub forest, bamboo, and commercial plantations of pine and fir. Between 400m and 1000 m (i.e., above the proposed construction and inundation areas), the vegetationcover is a mix of evergreen coniferous forest, deciduous broadleaf forest and mixedconiferous forest. At higher elevations the dominant forest types are evergreen coniferousforest and deciduous broadleaf forest.

Within Nanzhang County, forest covers 44% of the land surface. In the upper Ju River(Juhe) drainage, where the Xiakou Project is proposed, forest covers 60% of the land surface.Within the upper Ju basin, the valley walls are steep and rocky, rising from 200 m to 800 m.Although the land supports 119 species of plants representing 21 genera and 14 families,most of these are found above 300 m elevation. From 300 m to 700 m (i.e., above theelevation of the proposed dam and reservoir), scrub forest, woody shrubland and somedeciduous broadleaf forest species predominate. Among the varieties of coniferous trees,masson pine and Chinese fir are the dominant species. Among the broadleaf deciduous

varieties of trees, orange trees are the main species. Overall, within vegetated areas where

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forests can still be found, orange trees account for 20% and masson pine accounts for 15% oftrees. Some rare species of trees occur within the Xiakou project area, including gingko andeucomnmia trees. However, they are cultivated artificially and are not, therefore, historicalartifacts.

3.3.3 Fauna

The lower elevations within the project-affected areas, which are characterized by sparelyvegetated steep rocky river gorges and canyon walls, provide only minimal wildlife habitat,primarily for small mammals and birds. This is primarily due to difficult access presented bythe near vertical walls, combined with the lack of suitable cover and food sources that largeranimals require to sustain viable populations. Elsewhere, in the lower elevation areas whereriver terraces may have once supported riverine forests, the removal of this vegetation coverto make way for human settlements and farmland has eliminated habitat that may once havebeen used by larger mammals. In general, it is the upper slopes where native forests canstill be found. At these locations habitat can be found that is suitable for supporting speciesof wildlife, including larger mammals.

Cattle egrets move into the project areas during the monsoon season when paddy fields anddrainage works are flooded and provide frogs and other sources of food. Otherwise, thelack of wetland areas limits the availability of habitat for other large species of birdsgenerally associated with valley bottom wetlands.

3.3.4 Water and Soil Conservation

Water and soil conservation is a serious issue within the projected area, largely due to thepractice of farming on slopes without the benefit of terracing. Recently, as part of theChinese government's reforestation plan, Hubei Province has begun to initiate a programwhereby steeply sloping farmland is being converted to commercial tree farms andorchards. The present status of water and soil conservation is shown in Table 3-6.

Table 3-6 Water and Soil Conservation Status

Portion of Region IntensityRegion Requiring Water and Light Medium Strong Very

Soil Conservation Strong

Prefecture 47.3% 46.1% 32.1% 14.2% 7.6%Xuanen 34.6% 13.6% 85.4% 0.9% 0.1%County

Laifeng 44.2% 4.2% 93.5% 2.1% 0.2%County

Zhushan 56.3% 36.2% 13.2% 42.8% 7.8%County

Nanzhang 45.4% 47.6% 49.6% 2.7% 0.1%C o u n ty _____ ______ ______ _____ ______ ___ _ ______ ______ _____-_18_-

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3.4 Social Environment

3.4.1 Social Economy

The counties and Enshi Prefecture, within which the four transmission line projects areproposed, are among the poorest areas in all of China. As shown in Table 3-7, the averageannual income for workers within the project areas ranges from 1,047 RMB in the Dongpingproject area to 2,047 RMB in the Xiakou project area. By comparison, the annual salary ofurban and rural residents in more developed communities along the Yangtze River is in therange of 4,000 RMB to 9,000 RMB, and the net income per capita is in the range of 2,000 to3,000 RMB.

The local economies depend primarily on agriculture. However, agriculture productivity islimited by the high relief topography that limits the availability of land suitable foragriculture, and generally produces poor quality, thinly layered soils. The exception is thelimited amount of rich valley bottom paddy land, most of which has been developed on theQuaternary River terraces and terrace fragments.

The high relief terrain conditions make road building a very costly endeavor, which leads tothese project affected areas being economically isolated from more productive areas of HubeiProvince located outside of the mountainous western region. There are no major industrialmanufacturing enterprises within the four project areas, although there are minor industriesbased on processing agriculture and forestry products. Difficult transportation and chronicpower supply shortages combine to limit the region's productivity. The dependence onseasonal agriculture and minor manufacturing, in turn, provides for low employment, lowaverage income levels and low standard of living.

Table 3-7 Socioeconomic Data for Project Area

Indicator Dongping Lajitan Sonshuling XiakouNumber of people in the affected 33,500 30,700 45,100 60,100county

Number of people in reservoir 11,686 4,833 3,809 1,628areaPopulation Density in whole 12.24 22.36 12.57 15.57County (persons/km 2)Population Density in reservoir 14.06 14.81 8.55 9.99area (persons/km 2)Average annual per capita 1,047 1,539 1,388 2,046income (RMB/person) in projectaffected area

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Indicator Dongping Lajitan Sonshuling XiakouGDP by County and Industrial 1,091 1,063 2,002 821*Sector (millions RMB Yuan)- Agriculture 475 443 681 380- Forestry 24.5 18.4 97 55.8- Manufacturing 192 320 743 230- Service Sector 149 292 210 155- Other 251 0 0 (included

in servicesector)

Amount of farmland in reservoir 8,804 3,703 3,313 1,215area (ha)Percent of farmland in county 32.63 21.33 9.44 2.3represented by famnland inreservoir area (%)Number of schools in county 285 147 156 157Number of hospitals and clinics, 82 (407) 75 (673) 119 (542) 98 (659)and (hospital beds)Length of Road Network (km) in 607.21 317.4 1,997.15 1,275countyPercent of Population in County 55 95 95 98with Road AccessLength of Telecommunication 2,648 1,987.1 2,216.5 1,368Network (pole kin) in countyPercent of Households in 22 25 30 20County with Telephone Service

Length of Electrical DistributionNetwork (pole km) in county- 220 KV N/A N/A N/A N/A- 110 KV 40 118.5 100.7 141.7- 35 KV 144 155.3 273.2 174.5- 10 KV and Under 1523 198 2105 2300Percentage of Households in 100 100 100 100County with ElectricityPercentage of Households in 72 70 50 60 to 65County Provided with CleanDrinking Water

* Raw Data Unconfirmed

The project areas are reasonably well served by schools and basic public health and medicalservices. However, for more serious medical situations, the four project areas can provideonly limited medical support. Otherwise, people must seek medical attention outside theregion, which is difficult to do given the current economic conditions in the project-affectedareas.

The major diseases affecting people within all four project areas are those normallyassociated with poverty and poor living conditions. Within the Dongping project area theprimary epidemic diseases include viral hepatitis, bacterium caused dysentery, typhoid,

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paratyphoid and type B epidemic encephalitis, the latter of which has a relative low incidence.The main vector-borne disease in the area is malaria, while the main endemic disease isgoiter (caused by iodine deficient diets). The incidence of goiter in the area has reducedfrom 21.25% in 1982 to 0.43% in 1987. This change is attributed to education and aprogram of preventative treatment through the use of iodized salt.

Within the Lajitan project area, the main infections diseases are hepatitis, enteric dysentery,and tuberculosis. The incidence of these diseases has been declining in recent years.Vector-borne diseases such as malaria and filariasis, which are found in some other parts ofeastern China, are not found at notable levels in this region. Goiter, which affectedapproximately 3.15% of the population in 1882, had declined to 0.75% in 1982.

Within the Songshuling project area, the main infectious diseases are hepatitis, entericdysentery, tuberculosis, typhoid and paratyphoid. Minor outbreaks of hemorrhagic feverand uncinariasis, both of which are spread by mice and pig feces coming into contact withfood or water, have also been reported. The main endemic disease is goiter, the incidenceof which fell from a high of over 65% in the area in 1965 to only a few percent by the late1970s, and fractions of a percent in the early to mid-1980s. Fluoridosis, caused by highfluorine levels in drinking water, also affects parts of the project area, especially in areaswhere groundwater comes from coal shale deposits. In these areas the incidence of dentalfluoridosis has reached as high as 30% in children aged 8 to 15 years.

Within the Xiakou project area, the main infectious diseases are viral hepatitis and bacillarydysentery. The primary endemic disease is goiter. The primary vector-borne disease isviral encephalitis.

3.4.2 History Cultural Relics and Scenic Spots

There are a number of historical scenic and cultural spots visited by locals and visitingtourists within the project-affected areas. These include: Lianzhuta in Xuanen County;Phoenix Forestry Park and Enshi Airport in Enshi Prefecture; Baishoutang in LaifengCounty; Jiuhualinhai and Juhua Mountain, and Baopuyan in Nanzhang County. Adescription of these sites is provided in Table 3-8, along with the distance that separatesthem from the proposed transmission lines.

Table 3-8 Distance between the Transmission Line and the Cultural/Historic Placesof Interest

Distance fromRegion Name Type T issin LineTransmission Line

Lianzhu Tower Ancient 3 kmEnshi architecture

Prefecture Phenix Forestry Park Forestry park 3 km

Enshi Airport Airport 3 km

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Region Name Type Distance fromTransmission Line

Laifeng Baishoutang Temple 5 kmCounty

Zhushan Jiuhualinhai Travel spot 5 kmCounty Lutou Gorge Travel spot 8 km

Nanzhang Baopuyan Travel spot 5 kmICounty I

3.4.4 Ethic Minorities

Social assessments have been carried out to ascertain the views of people in theproject-affected areas, including members of minority nationalities, regarding project impactsand opportunities to share in project benefits. This process has included consultations withmembers of minority nationalities, disclosure of project-related information, and a legalassessment of minority rights. The study findings conclude that the Tujia, Miao and Dongpeople in the project area do not engage in distinctive activities or behaviors that may makethem vulnerable to disadvantage because of the project. In fact, there is a high degree ofacculturation within the local area. Those consulted, including members of minoritynationalities, reported that minority languages are not spoken within the project area, and thatthere are no discernible patterns in natural resource use, dress, appearance, cultural values oractivities, access to services, or standards of living. Those consulted consistently indicatedthat official ethnic identity will be irrelevant as a determinant of the distribution ofproject-related impacts, including opportunities to share in the social and economic benefitsderived from the project.

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Chapter 4

Assessment of Impacts and Recommended MitigationMeasures

4.1 Introduction

This chapter of the Transmission Lines EIA identifies the key potential environmental andsocial impacts that are expected to result from the four projects that comprise thetransmission line component of the Hubei Hydropower Project, and recommends measuresfor mitigating these impacts.

Table 4-1 summarizes the scale of impacts identified for the four transmission line projects.The most significant impacts will be associated with establishing the rights-of-way andclearing the ground to construct the transmission line towers.

As shown in Table 4-1, environmental impacts of the four transmission line projects areassociated with both construction and operations/maintenance phases of the projects.Construction impacts will accrue primarily from land occupation by transmission line towers,removal of vegetation at tower sites and clearing of vegetation along rights-of-way to ensureadequate vertical clearance distances between conductors and vegetation, and grounddisturbance during construction of tower foundations. Impacts of operations will arisefrom the electromagnetic field (EMF) effects, and visual esthetics of a structure that crossesvarious landscape features.

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Table 4-1 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts

Construction Phase Operation PhaseExtentItem Activities of Activities Extent of

Impact Impact

Hydrology Clearing and construction near surface water © No structures in or near water 0coursesWate EnvrSewage and construction waste water drainage; No sewage and construction waste water 0

sedimentation from construction sites drainage

Air Fugitive dust from construction © No air pollutant 0

Acoustic Noise of construction machines Operation line noise ©

Water and soil Excavation induced soil erosion and No water and soil conservation 0Conservation sedimentation

Natural and Land Use Construction occupation © Permanent occupation 0

Ecological Permanently remove vegetation at tower sites; Maintaining vegetation at early seral stage ofEnvironment Plants cut vegetation along sections of rights-of-way * growth and development where vertical O

where vertical clearance distances demand this clearance distances demand thisDisturbance to wildlife in localized area;

Wild Animals removal of small sections of habitat; creation of a No occupation of animal habitat Oedge habitat

Wetlands Neither occupation of wetlands nor construction 0 No occupation of wet lands 0_________________ adjacent to them

Nature Projection No Nature Protection Areas will be encountered 0 No Nature Protection Areas will be encountered 0Areas

Social Clearing vegetation from tower sites and cutting Permanent presence of transmission line towersEnvironment Viewscapes vegetation along some sections of right-of-way 0 and conductors and sections of partially cut 0

and life quality and access roads right-of-way

Transportation Traffic diversion or disruption when conductors Traffic not affected 0________________ being strung Traffic_ not_affected_O

Agricultural Temporary land occupation to construct towers Permanent land occupation by towers; retriction ©Productivity and string conductors across farmland on crop heights under conductors

Communication Stringing transmission line conductors across Electromagnetic effect_________________ communications lines Electromagnehc_effect

Power lines Stringing conductor lines across other power Other Power lines not affected 0lines -

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Construction Phase Operation PhaseItem Extent Extent of

Activities of Activities ImpactImpact

Mineral Resources No occupation of existing or potential mnines, or 0 No occupation of existing or potential mines, or 0quarry sites quarry sites

Cultural Sites No cultural facilities located near the projects No cultural facilities located near the projects O

History Relics No relics known to occur near the projects No relics known to occur near the projects O

Travel Spots Tourist destinations located well outside 0 Tourist destinations located well outside 0boundaries of projects boundaries of projects

Employment Local skilled and unskilled labour required Local emloyment opportunities for operatingEmployment_Local_skilled_and_________d labour requlred and maintaining trasmission lines

Projects will improve reliability of provincialLocal Economy Construction workforce will contribute to local © power supply and, as part of Hubei Hydropower *

economy Project, contribute to long term economicdevelopment of the region

Health Workers coming from outside region could bring * No impact 0diseases with them

Potential for small number of families to beInvoluntary involuntarily resettled, depending on routing of a No impact 0

transmission lines

Ethni Minoities Local minorities show high degree of0Noipc0Ethnic Minonties aculturation No impact O

Note: 0 No impact OMinor impact *Moderate impact *Significant impact

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4.2 Impacts and Mitigation - Construction Phase4.2.1 Environmental Impacts of Construction and Proposed Mitigation

4.2.1.1 Right-of-Way Clearing

Impacts

The primary activities associated with preparing the transmission line rights-of-way andtower sites involve clearing of vegetation and grubbing out stumps and roots. Whereconductors span forested valleys or depressions, such that the vertical clearance distancebetween the conductors and tree canopy is 3 m or greater, there is no need to remove trees.Where the transmission lines span level ground, or approach towers perched on hill tops orpromontories, such that 3 m of vertical clearance distance above the tree canopy cannot beprovided by design, the trees will be removed from the 30 m width of right-of-way.Vegetation that grows to no more than 2 m in height will not be removed.

At tower sites, all vegetation will be removed from the area of the tower footpint toaccommodate foundation construction and tower erection. At locations where trees mustbe removed to make way for a tower, the stumps and roots will be grubbed to provide aclear space for construction.

The mountainous topography of the four project-affected areas lends itself to situatingtowers on high points of land, thereby taking advantage of spans over valleys anddepressions. This will reduce the need to remove trees along many sections of therights-of-way. The tower footprints are relatively small, which further minimizes theamount of vegetation that must be removed to construct the project. Much of the areaclassified as forest within the project-affected areas is actually woody shrubland. This isparticularly the case at lower elevations where human activities have removed forests tomake way for farms. Overall, it is expected that the impact on local forest ecology andplant resources will not be significant.

Local forestry officials indicate there are no rare or endangered species of plants or wildlifewithin the areas identified for constructing the transmission lines. This is likely acombination of historic harvesting and hunting pressure and current human activities withinthe 2 km distance from roads and highways designated for development of the transmissionlines. There will be some adverse impacts on local remaining wildlife, in the form of noisedisturbance resulting from drilling, blasting and machinery operation. However, the "buildand move; build and move" nature of transmission line construction means that the noiseimpacts will be transient and of short duration. Some habitat will be lost in areas wheretrees are removed, primarily for some species of birds. However, this will be offset tosome degree by the creation of edge effect along the transmission line.

Another concern is that construction workers will harvest remaining wildlife they mayencounter while in more remote areas. The numbers of animals is not considered to be

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significant, but could affect the viability of populations already stressed by local hunting.

Removal of trees from along sections of rights-of-way will not affect soil or waterconservation, as ground vegetation cover will continue to thrive and protect the ground fromthe erosive forces of rainwater and surface runoff. The primary concern for soil erosionstems from creation of access roads and excavation of tower foundations, activities thatrequire that all vegetation be removed and stumps and roots grubbed out of the soil. Table4-2 indicates the expected changes in soil erosion that will result from excavation of towerfoundations, initially, and over the following two years as vegetation becomes re-established

5and protects the underlying soils5.

Table 4-2 Soil Loss as a Result of Tower Foundation Excavations

Area Erosion before Erosion while Erosion after ErosionItem Number (m2) Construction (t/a) construction (ta) 1st year (tVa) after 2nd

Tower 514 2620 5.24 20.96 6.52 1.31Foundation

Mitigation

Transmission lines will be sited wherever possible so as to avoid any areas of mature forest.Towers will be sited to take advantage of topographic features that allows conductorsmaximum vertical clearance over areas of forest, thereby minimizing the need to removetrees.

To protect remaining populations of wildlife (including birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians)in the area, Contractors will be required to strictly enforce a no hunting provision with theirworkers.

Towers will be sited so as to avoid areas of unstable terrain, such as areas of potentiallandslide disturbance or slumping, which could threaten the integrity of the transmission lineand which, if disturbed during construction, could lead to significant erosion andsedimentation problems.

To minimize the need to disturb tower sites, Contractors will be prohibited from leveling thearea defined as the tower footprint. Instead, the designers will use towers with offset legsand pedestals that facilitates placement on uneven terrain. This will reduce the amount ofarea that must be grubbed and excavated to the tower foundations only.

Slope protection should be built on the excavation slope to prevent water and soil loss. The

5 According to Classification Standardfor Soil Erosion (SLJ90-96) calculated as 2000 t/km2 * beforeconstruction, 8000 tkkmn * during construction, 2500 t/kmn * after 1" year, and 500 t/km2 * after 2d year.

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excavated earth and rock should be used to possible extent. The spoil should be disposed inthe close area and the retaining walls should be built, trees should be planted.

Spoils from the foundation excavations will be contained by placing them in landformdepressions or within retaining structures. Tower sites will be seeded with grassesfollowing cleanup of the site, but prior to demobilization from the site.

Temporary access roads and paths will be decommissioned by pulling back the side-castedspoils material, recontouring the cross-slope, and replanting the right-of-way with trees andshrubs.

4.2.1.2 Construction Across Surface Water Courses

Impacts

In each of the four project-affected areas, the transmission line will cross a number ofsurface water courses, the largest of these being tertiary and quaternary tributaries to theYangtze. As shown in Table 3-4, the span distances for these larger tributaries rangesomewhere between 100 to 200 m. The rivers and streams within the project-affected areasare fast flowing torrented water courses that do not serve as water-borne transportationsystems. Therefore, there is no concern that transmission line crossings would affect thenavigability of these water courses.

The primary concern regarding construction across water courses is the siting andconstruction of transmission line towers. Locating towers within the wetted perimeter of ariver would require excavation and concrete placement within fish-bearing watercourses,which can cause problems of sedimentation and release of caustic cement slurry. Likewise,locating towers on the banks of rivers can create problems for bank stability and lead to soilerosion and sedimentation of the water course. In both the in-river and edge of river towerplacement, there is risk to the tower structure itself during flood season.

Mitigation

The distances involved in spanning the largest of the rivers in the four project-affected areasare such that the rivers can be crossed without having to place towers within the wettedperimeter or close to river banks. All towers will be sited well back from the river margins,well above the highest flood zone.

4.2.1.3 Noise!

Impacts

Most construction activity will be associated with constructing tower foundations anderecting the steel lattice structure. Trucks will be used to transport materials to roadsidestaging areas, or along access roads to tower sites.

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Preparation of the tower foundations will depend on the geological conditions at each towersite (i.e., consolidated versus consolidated surficial material; bedrock). At some locationsit will be possible to excavate foundations by hand. Gasoline or diesel-powered concretemixers will then be used to mix the concrete that is used as the foundation material. Atother locations, where bedrock is encountered, it will be necessary to drill and blast to createa suitable foundation anchor.

Once the foundations are created, the towers will be assembled using portable gasoline ordiesel-powered hoists to lift the steel members aloft.

Conductor wire will be strung using gasoline or diesel-powered winches that are movedfrom location to location, generally every 10 to 15 km.

The construction program is one of "build and move; build and move", such that theconstruction noise impacts at any one location will be of short duration (a few days only).The highest noise levels will be generated at those locations where blasting is required toprepare the foundations. Otherwise, equipment noise will be very localized. Since mostof the project will be constructed in areas away from settlements, the primary disturbancewill be to local fauna that still resided in the area. Due to the transient nature of the noise,the impacts are not considered to be significant.

Mitigation

To reduce the noise impacts upon wildlife, and local residents in the case of constructioncloser to towns and villages, the contractors will be required to ensure all motorizedequipment is equipped with sound mufflers that are in good working order. When workingclose to towns or villages, contractors will be required to follow local noise ordinances,

6which restrict the hours of the day in which noisy activity can be carried out .

Workers will be required to wear hearing protection when operating noisy equipment suchas drills, excavators, etc.

4.2.1.4 Air Quality

Impacts

The primary issue concerning air quality is fugitive dust generated by tower foundationexcavation, drilling and blasting during the dry season. Although there will be a number ofpieces of gasoline or diesel-powered machinery (stationary drills, hoists, excavators, cementmixers; mobile trucks, winches, cranes), the size and total number of machinery involved ineach of the transmission line projectes will not be substantial, compared to other linear

6Noise levels in residential areas at night to be kept within Grade 1 standard as specified in Environmental NoiseStandard for Urban Areas (GB3096-93).

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development projects such as pipeline or road development projects. Also, most of theconstruction activities will occur in sparsely populated areas where the background airquality is very good. Therefore, engine emissions are not considered to be a significantimpact on the air quality of the region.

Mitigation

To minimize the effects of exhaust gase emissions to the atmosphere, Contractors will berequired to keep gasoline and diesel-powered engines in proper tune.

Excavation activities carried out close to farms or villages and towns during the dry seasonwill be monitored to determine whether fugitive dust is affecting crops and/or residences.In the event that fugitive dust is affecting crops or residences, the Contractors will berequired to control the source of dust, such as by spraying down the works with water.

4.2.1.5 Solid and Liquid Waste Disposal

Impacts

During construction, the skilled workforce will come from the specialized transmission linecontractor's company, hired from outside the region. Unskilled workers will be hired fromwithin the respective project-affected areas. The prime contractor's employees will rentaccommodation from local residents. The main wastes produced will be rubbish andsewage, which will be treated and disposed of in accordance with current accepted practicesin each locale.

Out on the construction site, the primary wastes will be small amounts of construction debrisand sewage. The latter is a concern because of its potential to contaminate local watercourses that may be the source for potable water for farms located downslope.

Construction process wastewater will be produced as a result of concrete production forbuilding tower foundations. The volumes of cement slurry will be very small (i.e., in thetens of litres at most) and isolated from surface water courses.

Mitigation

The Contractor will be required to brief his staff on proper waste handling practices. Whileout on the job site, temporary pit latrines will be dug and then buried before the crew moveson to the next site. Solid waste will be collected. Combustible materials will be burnedon site if fire and weather conditions permit. Otherwise, all refuse will be removed fromsite as the crew moves on to its next location.

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4.2.2 Social Impacts of Construction and Proposed Mitigation

4.2.2.1 Involuntary Resettlement, Land Acquisition and Occupation

Impacts

Table 4-3 presents information on the amount of land that will occupied to construct andoperate each of the four transmission line projects. Most of the land will only be occupiedon a temporary basis, to provide areas for construction sites and road access. The land onwhich each individual tower foundation is to be constructed will be permanently acquiredand occupied for this purpose. The rest of the land under the tower will only be requiredduring tower construction.

Table 4-3 Temporary and Permanent Land Requirement

Land Temporary Use (m2) Total Permanent Use (ni2) TotalType Dongping Lajitan Sholng Xiakou Dongping Lajitan Song Xiakou

___ ___ _ ___ _ huli_____g Shuling

Field 374.4 331.2 468 1184 2358 41.6 36.8 52 131.6 262Forest 1498 1325 1872 4738 9432 166.4 147.2 208 526.4 1048Other 1872 1656 2340 5922 11790 208 184 260 658 1310Total 3744 3312 4680 11844 23580 416 368 520 1316 2620

There is no requirement for relocating families/households to make way for the transmissionlines. The four project-affected areas are sparsely populated mountainous areas in

southwestern Hubei Province. Villages and towns tend to be located along river valleys

and along main roads into and out of the region. The transmission line routes have been

selected so that they are within 2 km of roads, to provide for ease of access, while at the

same time avoiding having to go through areas of habitation.

Some sections of transmission line may need to be constructed over farmland, including rice

paddies, vegetable plots, and orchards. This is especially likely where transmission lines

cross lower elevation slopes and valley bottom alluvial terraces. In such cases, it will be

necessary to temporarily occupy farmland to construct the towers and to gain access to the

tower site. Depending on the season, this has the potential to reduce agriculture

productivity by alientating the land from crop production. Longer term impacts can arise

as a result of soil compaction along temporary access paths, and around the towers, as a

result of moving materials to the tower sites, and tower construction activities. Generally,

there wills be no impacts to crops or soils located within a few metres outsie of the tower

footprint or outside of the temporary access ways.

Mitigation

During final alignment identification, every effort will be made to avoid having to site

towers on productive agricultural soils or in orchards. If this is not possible, then every

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effort will be made to construct temporary access ways and towers during the non-farmingseason. Lands will be recultivated to restore agriculture soils to their former productivity,once the towers have been constructed, and the temporary access ways are no longerrequired

In the event that construction must proceed such that it will interfere with part or all of thecropping season, then farmers will receive compensation for lost productivity.Compensation will also be paid for land that will be occupied by the tower footprint,notwithstanding that farmers will still be allowed to grow many types of crops within thetower footprint. Compensation will be based on accepted standards identified in theResettlement Action Plans developed for each project-affected area as part of the HubeiHydropower Project, which have been developed in accordance with Chinese state andHubei pronvincial laws and regulations. Some restrictions will be placed on the height thatcrops are allowed to attain beneath the transmission line conductors. This will only affectorchard crops or tree nurseries, where trees might normally exceed 3 m in height.

4.2.2.2 Crossing Other Linear Infrastructure Facilities

Impacts

Each of the four transmission lines that comprise the transmission line component of theHubei Hydropower Project will cross rural roads and highways, and local electrical andcommunications lines.

The primary issue regarding construction of high voltage transmission lines across otherlinear infrastructure facilities is the potential for damage or disruption to the operation ofthese other facilities. In the case of transportation corridors (e.g., highways, railways), theprimary concern is the potential for disruption to traffic flows in order to allow theconductor wires to be strung over the highway. There is also the potential to create atraffic hazard when the margins of local roads and highways are used for temporarymaterials staging areas.

For other electrical transmission and distribution systems, or telecommunications lines, theprimary concern is the potential to damage these facilities when stringing the high voltageconductors, thereby disrupting service.

Mitigation

Once the construction schedule for the transmission lines has been developed, localinfrastructure departments will be notified regarding the timing and location of transmissionline construction that may have an impact on their respective infrastructure facilities.

To enable road margins to be used safely as temporary materials staging areas, pullouts willbe identified where steel and other materials can be deposited withount spilling out onto theroadway, and without disrupting the flow of traffic. Tower foundations that must belocated close to roads will be construced in a manner that ensures the tower foundations donot create a hazard to motorists. To facilitate stringing conductor wire without blocking

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traffic or having to impose lengthy road detours, temporary bamboo scaffolding will beerected over the roads and highways.

There is no issue regarding river crossing impacts on navigation, since the four main riversthat will be crossed (Zhongjian, Qingjiang, Youshui, Guandu, and Juhe), are small rivers notused as primary transportation corridors7 .

4.2.2.3 Mineral Resources

Impacts

There are no mineral reserves, or existing mines, quarry sites or borrow areas within oradjacent to the proposed high voltage transmission line routes that could be limited in theirability to be developed as productive facilities, as a result of the four transmission lines.

Mitigation

No mitigation is required.

4.2.2.4 Local Economy and Employment

Impacts

The project is expected to contribute to the local economy by direct employment andpurchasing of goods and materials for use in constructing each of the four transmission lines.Locally supplied construction materials include cement and aggregates. Unskilled labourwill be obtained from each of the respective project-affected areas. Labourers will berequired for activities such as clearing vegetation, constructing tower foundations, buildingand decommissioning temporary access ways, hauling materials and equipment to towersites.

Mitigation

The developers of each project will ensure that local labour is used wherever possible.Building materials, such as cement and aggregates will be sourced from the local areas, solong as sourcing these items can be done from existing facilities.

4.2.2.5 Socio-Community, Heritage and Cultural Resources

Impacts

There are no schools, libraries, hospitals, leisure or amusement sites, or other

7 This is expected to change once the four hydropower reservoirs that comprise the Hubei Hydropower Project areoperational, which will not occur until after the four transmission lines are completed.

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socio-community amenities located within close proximity to any of the four proposedtransmission line routes.

Likewise, there are no known cultural or heritage resources that could be affected by sitingand construction of the transmission line projects.

Mitigation

The transmission line routes have been selected so as to avoid socio-community amenities,and to avoid areas of human habitation.

Although there are no known cultural or heritage resources that could be affected by theproject, there is always a chance that during project construction (i.e., vegetation clearing ortower foundation excavation) that heretofore unknown artifacts could be discovered. In theevent that this happens on any of the four transmission line projects, the contractor willimmediately advise the project owner/developer and local county antiquities bureau of anydiscovery. Work in the immediate vicinity of the find will immediately cease, and the areawill be demarcated until a proper assessment can be carried out by the authorities. Work willbe continued on areas outside the demarcated zone.

4.2.2.6 Scenic Viewscapes

Impacts

Transmission line construction requires that a corridor be developed along with transmissionline towers are erected between which conductor wires are strung. In forested areas, whereminimal vertical clearance distances must be maintained between conductors and thevegetation canopy, it may be necessary to cut or remove trees. Depending on the extent towhich tower siting can take advantage of high points in the topography, thereby raising theconductor wires above the tree canopy, the cutting of trees along the transmission linecorridor can result in a visible swath across the landscape. The extent to which this poses avisual intrusion on viewscapes depends on the vantage point. Seen from local roads andhighways, towns and villages or tourist sites, the transmission line corridor with itsengineered structures can have a negative impact on viewscapes.

Mitigation

Once the transmission lines are constructed, it will be almost impossible to correct anynegative effects on scenic viewscapes that result from the visual intrusion of thetransmission lines on the landscape, as seen from certain vantage points. Therefore, as partof the design stage of the project, the final route selection will take into consideration thelocations from which scenic vistas are provided, and every effort will be made to takeadvantage of local topography and/or alignments that minimize visual intrusion.

The 110 kV towers used on the Lajitan, Songshuiling and Xiakou transmission lines will be

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roughly 30 m high, so will not present a significant visual impact. The 220 kV towers onthe Dongping transmission line will be another 15 to 20 m higher, but will still not createsignificant visual intrusion when viewed from a distance of one or more kilometers. Thetowers to be used on the project are open lattice design steel towers that will further aide inblending the transmission line structures into the background.

4.3 Impacts and Mitigation - Operation and Maintenance Phase

4.3.1 Environmental Impacts of Operation and Proposed Mitigation

4.3.1.1 Rights-of-Way Vegetation Control

Impacts

Once operational, it will be necessary to control vegetation beneath the transmission lines inareas where vegetation had to be cleared from the right of way during initial clearingoperations to ensure adequate vertical clearance distances beneath the overhead high voltageconductors. Otherwise, arcing of electrical charge from the high voltage lines could set theforest ablaze during the dry season.

Mitigation

Rights-of-way vegetation will be inspected periodically, and maintained by manual pruningand cutting methods. The owners/developers will ensure that no herbicides are used.

4.3.1.2 Noise

Impacts

During operation, noise in the way of hissing and crackling sounds is emitted from theelectromagnetic corona that surrounds the conductor wires. The noise is most pronouncedduring periods of high humidity or rainfall, but its intensity is generally not higher than 50dBA for a 500 kV line, when measured at the edge of the transmission line right-of-way.

The noise generated from 110 kV and 220 kV transmission lines, that are proposed for thisproject, will be less than 45 dBA during operation and, therefore, will not have anyappreciable impact on the surrounding acoustic environment.

Mitigation


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4.3.1.3 Air Emissions

Under certain weather conditions, the electrical field of the corona can react with oxygen inthe atmosphere to create ozone. However, the amount of ozone produced by a transmissionline over the course of a year is negligible when compared to the amount of ozone producedby a single lightning storm. There are no other atmospheric emissions that will result fromthe operation of the four transmission lines.

Mitigation


4.3.1.4 EMF Interference

Impacts

High voltage transmission lines generate a high intensity electromagnetic field (EMF),which eminates from the corona surrounding the electrical conductor wires. Within acertain distance, the EMF can interfere with radio and telecommunications devices. Thedistance over which EMF interference is manifested, is primarily dependent on the voltageof the transmission line.

The four proposed transmission lines (Dongping, Lajitan, Songshuling and Xiakou) will beconstructed through a sparsely populated mountainous region in western Hubei Province.At present, the area is poorly developed, with only limited infrastructure. In highlydeveloped Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces, the natural background levels of electromagneticintensity and radio interference have been measured and found to be well within acceptablelimits8 . Given that western Hubei Province is considerably less developed than Zhejiangand Jiangsu provinces, it is safe to assume that the EMF environment in the project-affectedarea is as good if not better than in these other provinces.

Based on analogous obtained for 110 kV and 220 kV transmission lines in Zhejiangprovince, the maximum electric intensity at ground level adjacent to the transmission line isapproximately 3.65 kV/m, which is less than the permissible amount of 4 kV/m. Themaximum intensity of magnetic field is is approximately 4.09 mA/m, which is less than thepermissible level of 80 mA/m, and the radio interference value is less than 42 dBA, which isless than the permissible standard.

The Electrical intensity was calculated for the 110 kV Lajitan, Songhuling and Xiakoutransmission lines and the 220 kV Dongping transmission lines9. The results are shown in

8 Background electric field intensity in Zhejiang and Jiansu provinces is about 20 V/m, the magnetic field intensityis approximately 20 mA/m, and the radio interference is less thanl5 dBA.

9using the formula suggested in Technical Regulations on Environmental Impact Assessment of ElectromagneticRadiation Produced by 5OOkV Ultrahigh Voltage Transmission and Transfer Power Engineering (HJ/T24-1998).

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Table 4-4. As the table shows, the electrical intensity measured at ground level next to a220 kV transmission line is less than 4 kV/m, when the height of the conductor wire is morethan 8 m above the ground. In case of 110 kV transmission line, the electrical intensity isless than 4 kV/m, when the conductor is 5 m above the ground.

Table 4-4 Electrical Intensity of 110 kV and 220 kV Transmission lines (kV/m)

Max. Electric Field Line Height (im)Max. Electnc Fleld 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 14

1 lOkV Lines 8.6 5.1 3.5 2.6 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.1 0.7 0.5220kV Lines 17.8 10.5 7.3 5.4 4.2 3.3 2.8 2.3 1.9 1.3

The vertical clearance distances that will be used for the project exceed 8 m. Therefore,based on these data it can be concluded that the EVF effects will be well within acceptablelimits.

Results of EMF research published by the Bonneville Power Authority's EnvironmentalGroup BPA indicates that EMF does not adversely affect natural vegetation, agriculturalcrops, fish or wildlife exposed to EMF along a high voltage right-of-way.

Mitigation


4.3.2 Social Impacts of Operation and Proposed Mitigation

4.3.2.1 Potential Interference with Low Voltage Transmission and Distribution Lines

Impacts

If high voltage transmission lines are placed too close to low voltage transmission (i.e.,35kV) or distribution lines (i.e., 10 kV), the high voltage lines can increase the voltage in thelow voltage system through induction. This can result in damage to transformers and otherexpensive electrical equipment that comprises the low voltage transmission and distributionsystem.

Mitigation

To ensure that the 110 kV Lajitan, Songshuiling and Xiakou and 220 kV Dongpingtransmission lines do not adversely affect the performance of local low voltage transmission

Distances between phase lines for 110 kV and 220 kV were 6 m and 10 m respectively; radius of 110 kV and 220kV lines was 18.33 mm and 22.40 mm, respectively.

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and distribution systems that may be crossed by the high voltage systems, the newtransmission lines will be sited in accordance with Chinese specifications and standards thatdefine the appropriate separation distances.' 0

4.3.2.2 Communication Lines and Radio Facilities

Impacts

High voltage transmission lines generate an electrical field or corona, which decreases instrength with increasing distance from the conductor wires. The distance over which thecorona effect has an influence depends on the voltage, with higher voltages having aninfluence over greater distances. The corona can have a negative effect oncommunication lines and radio transmitters and receivers, depending on the field strength ofthe corona (as determined by the voltage) and the proximity to communications or radiosystems.

Mitigation

The project designers will adhere to the appropriate Chinese standards and specificationsregarding the separation distance that must be maintained between the 110 kV (Lajitan,Songhuling and Xiakou) and 220 kV (Dongping) transmission lines and communications(both above ground and undergound) and radio facilities (including wirelesscommunications) 1 . Formal agreements will be entered into between theowners/developers of the transmission lines, and the owners of existing communications andradio facilities, as a means of acknowledging the communications and radio facilities thatmust be protected from high voltage transmission line interference, and defining theseparation distances that will be employed. Following these protocols will ensure thatthere is no electromagnetic interference from the corona of the transmission lines on thenormal operation of radio or tele-communications facilities in the project-affected areas.

4.3.2.3 Public Safety

Impacts

High voltage lines present a significant hazard for accidental electrocution in the event that atree, wire, line or other object comes into contact with a live conductor and creates a ground.

10 Design Technical Specification for 110-500kV Power Lines (DL/T5092-1999), and Design TechnicalSpecification for Power Lines (SDJ206-87)11 see Design Specification of the impact of High Voltage Power Line to Radio Station, Allowance Of DangerousInfluence On Telecom Lines Affected By High voltage Transmission Lines (GB6830-86), and Design Regulations OfEffects Of High voltage Transmission Lines On Wireless Stages (DLIT5040-95)

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Mitigation

As construction of the transmission lines is nearing completion in the respectiveproject-affected areas, the local media will be used to advise local residents of the differentways that accidental grounding of conductor wires can occur, and how this can be prevented.Local residents will be warned not to do such things as climb towers, fly kites in the vicinityof transmission lines, fell trees towards transmission lines.

In addtion, signs will be affixed to transmission line towers warning local residents of theelectrocution hazard that comes with grounding out a conductor, and advising them thatclimbing towers is illegal. Towers will be secured three or more meters above the ground,using security wire, or some other means to make it difficult, if not impossible, forunauthorized persons to gain access to, and climb the towers. This is especially importantin areas where transmission line routes may pass within close proximity to settlement areas.

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Chapter 5

Analysis of Economic Benefits and Losses

5.1 Introduction

This chapter reviews the economic benefits and losses that are expected to accrue as a resultof the four transmission line projects. This analysis is carried out in accordance with therequirements of the Chinese State Environmental Protection Act concerning EIA.

5.2 Benefits

5.2.1 Social Benefits

As a subset of the larger Hubei Hydropower Project, the transmission lines component isexpected to contribute to improved economimc development within this economicallydepressed region of China. Construction, operation and maintenance of the transmissionlines will provide jobs for local skilled and unskilled workforces. In conjunction with theoperation of the hydropower projects, the transmission lines will contribute to the generationof revenue from electricity tariffs.

5.2.2 Economic Benefits

The transmission projects will are needed to wheel power from their respective powerstations to the provincial grid. The power transmitted by them to the grid will help toguarantee that the growing power demands of Hubei Province are satisfied, therebycontributing to the overall economic development of Hubei Province. Locally, the jobs thatcome with the building, operating and maintaining of the transmission lines will improve thelocal economy, as earnings are spent within the project-affecged areas. In conjunctionwith the operation of the hydropower projects, the transmission lines will contribute to thegeneration of revenue from electricity tariffs.

5.2.3 Environmental Benefits

In conjunction with the power generation component of the Hubei Hydropower Project, thetransmission lines project will increase the transmission capacity of the electric power grid,decrease the losses of the electricity and guarantee the quality of the power supply.Indirectly, the transmission lines will contribute to a decrease in the the consumption of thecoal, that would be burned to produce the electricity that would otherwise have to beproduced by thermal plants, if the four Hubei Hydropower Project generating stations werenot constructed. The project offsets the discharge of waste gasses such as carbon monoxide,hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide, and sulfur dioxide that would be produced by a thermalgenerating plant, and reduces the volume of slag-ash and associated contamination arisingfrom its disposl. The project also eliminates the need to transport and stockpile coal, which

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contributes to further contamination of land and water.

5.3 Losses

5.3.1 Social Losses

No social losses are anticipated. Transmission lines will not pass through any settlementareas or require any resettlement of local inhabitants. There may be a need to crossfarmland in some places, however, farmers will still be able to cultivate land beneath thetransmission lines. Heritage and cultural resources will not be affected.

5.3.2 Environmental Losses

It will be necessary to permanently acquire land along the transmission rights-of- way. Attower locations, natural vegetation will be permanently removed to situate the structure.Along the right-of-way, in order to maintain appropriate vertical clearance distances betweenthe conductors and vegetation, it will be necessary at some locations to maintain vegetationin a permanent early seral stage by cutting and trimming. The result will be some loss offorest at the tower sites and along sections of right-of-way. It is expected that any minorloss of wildlife habitat resulting from tree clearing, will be offset by new habitat created as"edge effect" along the transmission line boundaries.

5.3.3 Economic Losses

The project will generate only very minor economic losses, in the form of potential lostrevenue resulting from the need to clear trees for, and to maintain permanent transmissionline rights-of-way through forest plantations. However, this is expected to be quitelimited, as there is ample opportunity to site transmission lines so as to avoid most areas offorest plantation. The main economic loss is attributed to the cost of implementing theenvironmental mitigation measures through the EMMP.

5.4 Conclusions

Overall, the environmental, economic and social benefits outweigh losses. On this basis,the transmission line component should proceed.

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Chapter 6

Environmental Management Plan

6.1 Introduction

This section of the report presents details on the environmental monitoring plan (EMP) forthe transmission line component of the Hubei Hydropower Project. Specifically, it presentsinformation on the purpose and objectives of the EMP, the institutional mechanisms forimplementing the plan, the monitoring and supervision requirements, and the EMP budgetand schedule.

6.2 Purpose and Objectives

In accordance with the requirements of the World Bank's OP4.01 on EnvironmentalAssessment, this Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared for thetransmission line component of the Hubei Hydropower Project. The purpose of the EMP isas follows:

* Provide direction to owners, contractors, operators and environmental regulatoryagencies on environmental protection measures that need to be implemented toeliminate or reduce environmental effects of construction and operation activities ofthe proposed transmission lines;

* Delineate the requirements for environmental monitoring and inspection activities oftransmission line construction and operation, including identification of the group oragency responsible for monitoring or inspection, type of monitoring or inspection tobe undertaken, parameters to be tested, monitoring and inspection schedule, andreporting requirements;

* Identify organizations or institutions responsible for managing the environmentalprogram, who will ensure environmental protection measures are properly designedand implemented, undertake environmental monitoring, and prepare environmentalreports for the project;

* Define the budget required for managing the environmental program, developing andimplementing environmental protection and mitigation measures, carrying outenvironmental monitoring and inspection, and preparing environmental reports, aswell as equipment needed to carry out this work;

* Provide a schedule for carrying out the various environmental management activities.

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6.2 Institutional Roles and Responsibilities

The institutional framework for managing the environmental component of the proposedtranmission line projects mainly involves the owners, their supervision contractors(primarily from research and design institutes), environmental representatives of the primecontractors, and existing government agencies and administrative departments (Figure 6-1).The primary roles and responsibilities for ensuring environmental protection on theproposed project include:

* Environmental Management: this will be carried out by the owner's environmentalrepresentative for each project, with overall environmental oversight being theresponsibility of the environmental representative of the Project Management Office.This task will involve periodically reviewing the project plan and progress made, andauditing the implementation of the environmental protection tasks against variousscheduled work packages. It will also involve coordinating the monitoring andsupervision activities of contracted environmental monitoring agencies, identifying andfacilitating environmental training programs, and report preparation;

* Environmental Monitoring: this will be carried out by county level environmentalprotection, public health, forestry, agriculture and other related departments undercontract to the project owners. This task will involve implementing the monitoringplan for each project and preparing monitoring reports for submission to the projectowner's environmental management office (Project EMO);

* Environmental Inspection: this will be carried out at two levels as follows: 1) at the basiclevel by an environmental representative of each prime contractor; and 2) at the nextlevel by a supervision contractor that reports to the owner's environmental managementoffice, which has experience in environmental mitigation design and construction. Thistask will involve regular scheduled, as well as random inspections of the projectconstruction zones during project construction, to determine the level of compliance withaccepted norms and best practices for environmental protection.

* Social Supervision: this will be carried out by the local county resettlement office. Thistask will involve addressing compensation aspects of rights-of-way development thatmay affect farmland or forest plantations.

* Environmental Training: environmental training will be provided to the owner'senvironmental management and supervisory staff, the transmission line constructionunits (contractor), the design institute contracted to carry out supervision, and the localelectrical energy supply bureau, prior to commencement of transmission lineconstruction. Training will cover Chinese State and Hubei Province environmentallaws and regulations, World Bank environmental policies, and internationally recognizedbest management practices for environmental mitigation. Training will be provided bystaff of the Hubei Environmental Protection Agency, local environmental units, andenvironmental experts from one of the universities.

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Figure 6-1 Environmental Management System

Hubei Provincial-World Bank

PMO

CountyPMO

Local GovernmentAuthorities (Bureaus)

(Environment Protection) Project Company(Water & Soil Conservation) (Construction Department)

(Resettlement)

(Public Health)

(Forestry) 4,Supervision Engineer L Environment

(Environment Supervision) Monitoring Institute(s)

Construction Contractors

l ~~~~~~~Construction Area *

Note: PMO = Project Management Office

EMO = Environment management Office

-* Contractual or Interagency Relationship

---- * Supervision or Monitoring Relationship

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Public education is important to ensure acceptance of. environmental measures that may beimplemented as part of the project. Therefore, the public at large will also have a role toplay in the environmental component of the project. In this latter regard, public educationwill be encouraged as a project component.

6.4 Monitoring, Inspection and Supervision Program

Chinese environmental laws and the World Bank policies require that a program ofenvironmental monitoring be carried out during construction and operation periods toidentify potential environmental issues as early as possible, and undertake measures toprevent or mitigate harm to the environment or local residents. For each transmission linesubproject, an Environmental Management/Monitoring Office (project EMO) will beestablished within the Project Management Office (PMO). Personnel will be assigned totake charge of the environmental monitoring tasks during the construction and operationphases of each subproject. Each project EMO will work closely with the provincial andlocal county environmental protection administrations and other relevant governmentenvironment, land management and public health departments.

Since the Project Management Office established by the Government of Hubei Province isultimately responsible for ensuring that the loan covenants, including environmental andsocial safeguard policies of the World Bank, are followed, the manager of each Project EMOwill report to a representative of the PMO. The responsibilities of the EMOs will include:

* Ensuring that environmental mitigation, monitoring/inspection and quality assuranceand control (QA/QC) programs, that form the core of the EMP, are all implementedeffectively;

* Ensuring project construction and operation activities meet applicable county,provincial and state level environmental protection guidelines, policies andregulations, as World Bank environmental and social safeguard policies;

* Ensuring that appropriate measures are implemented if previously unrecordedhistorical or archaeological artifacts are encountered as a result of projectconstruction/excavation activities (e.g., at damsite, ancillary services areas,transmission lines, roads, resettlement communities, etc.), including stopping all workin the immediate vicinity of the find, and notifying officials of the Hubei ProvinceAntiquities Bureau;

* Reviewing contractor environmental mitigation plans, ensuring bidding documentscontain the relevant environmental protection clauses, then monitoring and inspectingthe mitigation works during and after construction/installation;

* Identifying requirements for environmental training and facilitating delivery ofappropriate training courses or seminars to project environmental staff, includingenvironmental representatives from the owners, supervision contractors, prime

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contractors, resettlement offices, and other appropriate groups;

* Supporting environmental awareness and education programs for members of thepublic living within the reservoir catchment area;

* Preparing the annual work plan for environmental protection, summarizing themonitoring data, and preparing and submitting environmental activity and statusreports to the Hubei Development Planning Commission.

As noted above, the monitoring tasks will be carried out by local county level monitoringunits under contract to the project environmental management office. These include theenvironmental monitoring station, hydrologic station and sanitary and anti-epidemic station.The county level environmental management departments in each subproject area havetrained monitoring personnel who will be contracted to carry out the environmentalmonitoring. It is expected that the local environmental protection departments may havesome monitoring equipment that they can use to collect and analyze environmental samples.However, each project's EMO will be prepared to purchase necessary monitoringinstruments and equipment for use during the construction period, and also to fundinstitutions that may be contracted to analyze environmental samples.

The key elements of the environmental monitoring program for the transmission linecomponent of the Hubei Hydropower Project are identified in Table 6-1:

Table 6-1 Environmental Monitoring Elements

Phase Monitornmg Monitoring Monitoring ResponsibilityMonamtorin Measure FrequencyParameter

Once per Local EnvironmentalConstruction Noise; Dust Leq; TSP annum, during Monitoring Station

dry seasonInitially during

Loss of natural Amount of forest alignment Local Forestryecosystem units area affected survey; then Stationtwice per

annumVegetation lossDisturbace to Vegeatn loss' Twice per

erodible soils loss annum

Land affected by Initially during

Compensation for Right-of-Way alignment Local ResettlementRight-of-Way farmland, survey; then Officedevelopment fanIland twice per

orcliard or forest anuplantation annum

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Phase Environmental Monitoring Monitoring Responsibility

Parameter MTraining of Hubei EPA, local

Training ofeniomtaenvironment Once during construction phase envcronmental

prtcto staf protection unit staff,and other experts

Once duri Monitored by theNoise Leq Once duing local environmental

monitoring stationElectric field, Monitored by the

Electromagnetic magnetic field, Once during Monitoredthe. , . ~~~~~~~~~~local environmental

environment radio operation phase monitoring stationinterference

Once at the Checked by the localOperation Vegetation Once of environment,

Ecosystem recovery, water begion of electricity,environment and soil operaton phase agriculture, forestry

conservation and once after department and othertwo years departments

Training of Hubei EPA, localTraening of Once at the beginning of operation environmental

tecironm st phase protection unit staff,protection staffadltelepn______ _____ _____ _____ _____ ______ _____ _____ _____ _____ and other experts

6.5 Proposed EMP and Monitoring Budget

The budget for implementing the environmental management plans, includingenvironmental monitoring, for each of the transmission line projects, is included in the EMPbudgets developed for each of the four hydropower development projects. The reader isrequested to refer to the separate EIA reports prepared for the Dongping, Lajitan,Songshuling and Xiakou hydropower projects, respectively, or to consult the Summary EAReport for the Hubei Hydropower Project, in which the EMP budget for all four projects ispresented.

As part of the Chinese State acceptance process, the EMP must also be implemented duimgthe period of project operation. The annual environmental management budgets foroperating the transmission lines have been factored into the overall cost of the hydropowerproject EMPs developed for each of the respective hydropower stations. These EMPs willbe funded from electricity tariff rates applied to each project.

6.6 Proposed EMP Schedule

The first generating units for the Lajitan, Songshuling and Xiakou hydropower stations arescheduled to come on line in 2005. The first unit for Dongping will come on line in 2006.The transmission lines must be completed when the first units are ready to come on line in

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EIA for Transmirssion Lines Component: Hubei Hydropower Project

each of the hydropower stations. It is estimated that each transmission line will requireapproximately one year to constrLuct. Therefore, construction of the the Lajitan,Songshuling, and Xiakou transmission lines will commence sometime in 2004, and forDongping in 2005. The EMPs would be implemented to coincide with the final tenderingstage for each of these trasnsmission lines, prior to contractor mobilization. Regularenvironmental monitoring and supervision, as identified above in Section 6.4, will beundertaken throughout the construction period, until all transmission line work has beencompleted on each respective project, and contractors have demobilized. Once the projectsites have been cleaned up, post-construction monitoring will be carried out to confirm thework has been satisfactorily completed.

6.7 Environmental Reporting

Environmental supervisors and monitors will prepare monthly reports to the PMO, outliningthe environmental protection and mitigation measures implemented during the precedingperiod, the outcome of monitoring activities, and any problems that arose for which remedialactions were required. An annual report will be prepared by the PMO, with input from theenvironmental monitors and supervisors, for submission to the World Bank. The contents ofthis annual environmental report are shown presented in Table 6-2.

Table 6-2 Major Contents of Environment Information Report

Section Environment Information

Major works of Environmental supervision and management of the environment

environment management departments; Monitoring and its report of environment1 protection monitoring departments; Summary of the coordinately treated

departments problems; Coordinating with higher-levels environmentmanagement departments and major events.

2 Environment impact Project progress and its impacts on environment, including theimpacting time, extent and range.

Environmental Mitigation measures of environmental protection and their3 protection measures execution, including infrastructures and equipments, funds for

environmental protection, and effects of the facilities.

Environmental Monitoring and monitoring results of the environmental factors,quality and including noise, electromagnetic environment, soil & waterenvironment conservancy, protection of animals and plants, history heritage andinspection beauty spots

Public participation Public's attitude, the degree of impact on public, including5 conditions of production and life, and environment quality; and the

public focused issues

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Section Environment Information

Environment problems and their treatment; letters and calls fromEnvironment the people and their settlements, including the nature and

6 problems and seriousness of the problems, results and treatments of eachtreatments department; analysis of the existing problems; and reasonable

proposals

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Chapter 7

Public Consultation and Disclosure

7.1 Introduction

This section of the report documents the program of public consultation and publicdisclosure designed for the transmission line component of the Hubei Hydropower Project.

7.2 Public Information, Consultation and Disclosure Requirements

The World Bank's Operation Policy (OP4.01) on Environmental Assessment requires thatproject developers obtain input from members of the public, regarding project related issuesthat may be of concern, during preparation of the draft EIA Report. The policy alsorequires that the draft EIA Report be disclosed to persons living in the project-affected area,so they may review and provide comments on the project. Furthermore, the policy requiresthat the concerns of the public be considered in project design. In keeping with this WorldBank Policy, the East China Investigation and Design Institute (ECIDI), whose task was toprepare the EIA for the transmission lines component of the Hubei Hydropower Project,developed a program of public consultation and disclosure for the respective projects.

The following public information, consultation and disclosure activities form part of the EIAprocess:

* Public Information: use of newspaper articles and radio presentations to disseminateinformation on each of the proposed projects in the respective counties in which thetransmission line projects will be constructed.

* Workshops, Meetings and Surveys: in developing the draft EIA document, meetingswith government officials, designers, academics, local residents and concerned citizensfor the purpose of disseminating project information, gathering backgroundsocioeconomic data, obtaining anecdotal information on natural resources utilization,identifying issues of concern, and obtaining public views/opinions and suggestions.

* Public Disclosure: placing advertisements in the respective local county newspapers,informing area residents regarding the availability of the draft EIA document andfeasibility studies for comment and review, and incorporating comments received intorevisions to the draft EIA report.

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7.3 Addressing Public Concerns During Project Implementation

During project implementation, members of the public may address concerns regardingconstruction of the transmission line to the local environmental protection bureau by the wayof letter, telephone or visiting their offices in the county seats. Any complaints or concernsregistered by the public with the local environmental authorities are to be directed to theHubei Environmental Protection Bureau (HEPB) in strict accordance with Methods ofTreating Letters from and Calls by People on Environmental Issues. Any person notsatisfied with the way in which their inquiry or complaint has been handled may thencontact the Hubei HEPB, directly. The HEPB will then be required to re-examine thecomplaint.

If it is necessary to settle environmental disputes by way of a formal action, thenenvironmental protection authorities will be required to inform the complainants to followrelevant laws and administrative regulations.

The project owner should, together with relevant departments, regularly provideenvironmental fact sheets to the local media and seek comments from the public. This willserve to idenfity and address environmental issues of potential concern to the public beforethey become significant problems.

7.4 Status of Public Consultation

Of the four transmission line projects, only the Xiakou Transmission Line Project hasadvanced to a stage of design in which the alignment has been selected. Therefore, it is theonly project for which any public consultation has been completed. The other threeprojects are currently in the preliminary deisgn phase and their developers have agreed tofollow the same public consultation and disclosure requirements outlined in Section 7.2,which were followed for the Xiakou Transmission Line Project.

Table 7-1 identifies the dates for public consultation and disclosure of the Dongping, Lajitanand Songshuling transmission line projects, along with dates by which it is expected that thepreliminary designs will be approved and the right-of-way surveys will be undertaken.

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Table 7-1 - Schedule of Public Consultation and Disclosure for Dongping, Lajitanand Songshuling Transmission Line Projects

Project Stakeholder Completion of Right-of-Way Public DisclosureConsultation12 Preliminary Survey

Design

Dongping May 2002 to April April 2003 April 2003 June 20032003

Lajitan March 2002 to October 2002 October 2002 January 2003October 2002

Songshuling May 2002 to November 2003 November 2003 January 2004November 2003

7.4.1 Xiakou Transmission Line Project Public Consultation

To obtain input from the project-affected public concerning their views on the proposedXiakou Transmission Line Project, a survey was carried out using a questionnaire, as part ofthe EIA preparation activities.

One-undred and ninety questionnaires were used to obtain input from organizationsgovernment departments (e.g., construction bureau, planning bureau, tourism bureau,environmental protection bureau, water resources bureau, land bureau, statistics bureau,forestry bureau, post bureau, agriculture bureau, communication bureau, nad transportationbureau), the army, all the affected town governments along the transmission line route, andNGOs (including the cross village committee, county people consultative committee,women's union, people's congress, labor union and technology association). Opinionswere also sought from the daily newspaper.

Input was also obtained from individual residents residing in villages located adjacent to theright-of-way.

Although the project is at the preliminary design stage of development, the organizationsand the individuals surveyed were forthcoming with their views, opinions and suggestionson the project, including opinions on the potential positive and negative impacts on theenvironment. Overall, the public presented an enthusiastic altitude to the publicconsultation.

12 Includes consultation with government agencies and departments, and the public

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Of the 190 questionnaires distributed, 183 (96.3%) were completed and returned. Thequestionnaires provided information on geographic location, occupation, education, age andsex. A copy of the questionnaires is provided in Appendix B. Detailed breakdown ofresults for the Xiakou Transmission Line public consultation process is provided asAppendix C.

Based on the questionnaire the following reflects the majority opinion of those surveyed:

* The project will not affect the development and construction of the towns along thetransmission line alignment;

* The project will have no appreciable affect on the current traffic patterns, or road andriver transportation systems;

* The project will not affect the exploitation of mineral resources;

* The project will have no affect on communication or broadcasting facilities;

* The project will have no affect on the natural environment, including vegetation andwildlife habitat. The transmission line alignment will avoid scenic spots and areasof cultural significance;

* The prime factor limiting the region's economy development is water supply,followed by transportation, and natural resources;

* The environment of the surveyed area is good and the problem of electromagneticpollution is not serious;

* Te project will improve the region's economic development;

* The primary environmental impacts are water and soil conservation andecoenvironment;

* Most of the public support the project, and more than 90% of organizations andindividuals consider that the project should proceed immediately;

* Most indiduals would be prepared to relocate if this became a requirement of theproject; the impacts on their family life would not be significant.

Regarding the public's concerns for environmental issues, the following suggestions weremade:

* Avoid running the transmission line through villages and towns;

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* Maintain good clearance distances from communication, broadcast and radiofacilities;

* Respect local tourist sites by ensuring viewscapes are not affected;

* Avoid areas of sensitive wildlife habitat, forest land and farm land;

* Adopt measures to protect vegetation and conserve water and soil.

Overall, the public is strongly in favour of the the owner coordinating environmentalprotection measures with the local people and governments during the design andconstruction phases, and employing feasible mitigation measures and providing reasonablecompensation to mitigate impacts.

7.4.2 Xiakou Transmission Line Project Public Disclosure

The draft Transmission Lines EIA will be provided to the public in each of theproject-affected areas, once the preliminary design work and final right-of-way selection hasbeen completed for the other three transmission line projects (i.e., Dongping, Lajitan andSongshuling). This is expected to occur sometime in August 2002.

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Chapter 8

Summary and Conclusions

8.1 Introduction

This chapter summarizes the key findings and conclusions of the preceeding materialpresented in this Transmission Lines EIA Report.

8.2 Summary

Four single-circuit transmission line projects will be constructed to connect the fourproposed hydropower stations that are to be developed under the Hubei Hydropower Projectto the provincial grid. The transmission lines component of the Hubei Hydropower Projectincludes three 110 kV lines (32 km Lajitan line; 45 km Sonshuling line; and 65.3 km Xiakouline), and one 220 kV line (36 km Dongping line).

As part of the larger hydropower development project, the transmission line componentprovides identifiable social economy benefits, including local economic development andimprovements in the living standard in one of the poorest areas of China.

Analysis of the potential strength of the electromagnetic field that will be generated by the100 kV and 220 kV transmission lines indicates that it will be less than 4 kV/m. Usingcurrent tower and conductor designs, and approved vertical clearance distances forconductors, the magnetic field strength and potential radio interference are both calculated tobe less than the acceptable evaluation standard Therefore, no significant negative impactsare anticipated.

The land over which the transmission lines will cross is primarily scrub forest at lowerelevations, mixed broadleaf and coniferous forest at upper elevations, and farm land invalley bottoms and and on soal covered slopes. Because the footpirnt for the 110 and 220kV towers is small, the amount of land required to construct the transmission lines is verysmall. Land around and beneath the towers will be available for use as farmland. Overall,there will be only minor negative ipacts on forest ecosystems and agricultral production.

No unique natural habitats, scenic spots, rare plants and animals, culture relics will besignificantly affected within the project-affected areas.

The project will have no evident negative impacts if the mitigation measures, EMP andenvironmental monitoring plan are implemented properly.

If the Xiakou Transmission Line Project is any indication of public attitudes in the region,the public is quite supportive of the transmission line component of the Hubei HydropowerProject, and has put forward many useful suggestions for mitigating potential environmental

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and social impacts. Additional public consultation will be carried out as part of thepreliminary design and alignment selection for the other three transmission line projects.

8.3 Conclusions

The transmission lines project is necessary to wheel power from the four proposedhydropower projects to the provincial electricity grid. It is beneficial to the development ofthe local economy. The negative impacts can be reduced or mitigated by the use of bestmanagement practices and by ensuring the EMP is implemented effectively. The projectsatisfies the requirement of the World Bank's operational policy on EnvironmentalAssessment (OP 4.01).

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References

[1] Hubei Province Laifeng County Laxitan Hydropower Station Project EA Report, ChinaEnvironmental Science Research Institute, Oct. 2000;

[2] Laifeng County Land Use Plan (1997-2010), Laifeng County Government, Oct.1998;

[3] Laifeng County Water & Soil Conservancy and Ecoenvioronment Construction Plan(2000-2050) , Laifeng County Water and Fishery Resource Bureau, June,2000;

[4] Laifeng County Forest Resource Investigation Report in Important ForestryEcoenvironment Engineering Zone, Laifeng County Forestry Bureau, Oct. 2000;

[5] Laifeng County Forest Resource Statistic Table, Laifeng County Forestry Bureau, June,2000;

[6] Laifeng County Forest Resource Investigation Report, Laifeng County Forestry Bureau,June, 2000;

[7] Laifeng County Laxitan Hydropower Station Project Water & Soil Conservation PlanReport, Hubei Province Environmental Science Research Institute, Aug. 2000;

[8] Hubei Province Laifeng County Collection of Agriculture Plan, Laifeng CountyAgriculture Plan Committee, July, 1986;

[9] Hubei Province Nanzhang County Water & Soil Conservancy and EcoenvioronmentConstruction Plan (2000-2050), Nanzhang County Water Resource Bureau, May,2000;

[10] Hubei Province Nanzhang County Xiakou Hydropower Station Project EA Report, HubeiProvince Environmental Science Research Institute, Dec. 1999;

[11] Nanzhang County Land Use Plan (1997 2010) , Nanzhang County Government,April,.2000;

[12] Nanzhang County Forestry Plan report, Nanzhang County Forestry Bureau;

[13] Nanzhang County Agriculture Plan Report, Nanzhang County Agriculture PlanCommittee Office;

[14] Nanzhang County Farming Resource Investigation and Agriculture Plan, NanzhangCounty Agriculture Plan Committee Office;

[15] Zhushang County Agriculture Plan Report, Zhushang County Agriculture PlanCommittee, Jan.1984;

[16] Zhushang County Statistic Data of Economy and Social Development, Zhushang CountyStatistics Bureau, May 2001;

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[17] Hubei Province Zhushang County Water & Soil Conservancy and EcoenvioronmentConstruction Plan (2000-2050) , Shiyan City Hydropower Building Investigation andDesign Institute, June,2000;

[18] Hubei Province Zhushang County Shongshuling Hydropower Station Project Water &Soil Conservation Plan Report, Hubei Province Environmental Science Research Institute,July. 2000;

[19] Zhushang County Forestry Resource( II ) Investigation Report;

[20] Hubei Province Zhushang County Shongshuling Hydropower Station Project EA Report,Hubei Province Environmental Science Research Institute, Oct. 2000;

[21] Zhushang County Forestry Plan;

[22] Zhushang County Chenguan Town Basic Farm Protection Zone Plan;

[23] Zhushang County Guandu Town Basic Farm Protection Zone Plan;

[24] Zhushang County Tianjiaba Town Basic Farm Protection Zone Plan;

[25] Zhushang County Yukou Town Basic Farm Protection Zone Plan;

[26] Hubei Province Xuanen County Dongping Hydropower Station Project EA Report,Hubei Province Environmental Science Research Institute, Oct. 2000;

[27] Hubei Province Enshi City Natural Forest Resource Protection Engineering Plan, EnshiCity Forest Resource Investigation and Design Group, June, 2001;

[28] Hubei Province Xuanen County Water & Soil Conservancy and EcoenvioronmentConstruction Plan (2000-2050);

[29] Yangtze River Water & Soil Conservancy Emphasis Protection Project Enshi City Water& Soil Conservancy Plan (1997-2010) , Enshi city Hydropower Bureau, Feb. 1998;

[30] Hubei Province Xuanen County Dongping Hydropower Station Project Water & SoilConservancy Plan Report, Hubei Province Environmental Science Research Institute, Oct.2000.

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Appendix A

Schematics for Typical 110 kV and 220 kV Transmission Line Towers

A - 1


Appendix B

Questionnaires Used to Gather Public Opinionfor the Transmission Line Projects

B-1 Questionnaire for Organizations

Organization Name and address:

Certified by:

Choice (Please take " '1" in the "O" )

1. The main factors affecting local region economy development:

Ol Power supply E Transportation El Natural resource El Others El Don't know

2. The main existing environmental problem:

E Air pollution El Noise pollution El Water pollution O Ecoenvironment destroy EElectromagnetic pollution O Others O Don't know

3. The role of project on local region economy:

El Improve largely O Improve a little E Don't know

4. The impacts on the local environment:

El Water quality of river El Ambient air E Acoustic environment E Ore resource Ewild animal and plant E Electromagnetic environment E Communication and broadcast ElTransportation E Culture relic E Don't know

5. The project should be:

El Implement quickly E postponed E Objected E Don't concern

Question

1. View on the environmental protection measures of the project:

2. Other opinions and suggestions on the project:

B - 1


B-2 Questionnaire for Individuals

Name I Age Sex Education Occupation

Company and address:

Please annotate if you are membership of People Congress, Woman Union and Political

Consultive committee

Choice (Please take " v " in the "E" )1.The main factors affecting local region economy development:

El Power supply El Transportation LI Natural resource E Others El Don't know

2.The local environmental condition:

El Excellent E Good El Just so so El Bad El Don't know

3.The main existing environmental problem:

E Air pollution El Noise pollution El Water pollution E Ecoenvironment destroy El

Electromagnetic pollution E Others E Don't know

4.The role of project on local region economy:

E Improve largely El Improve a little El Don't know

5.The impacts on the local environment:

El Pollute river E Pollute air El Pollute sound E Limit the exploitation of ore resource

El Impact on wild animal and plant, rare birds El Destroy forest ecoenvironment, water &

soil loss E Impact on transportation El Destroy the Communication, broadcast and radio

facilities E Scenic spot El Culture relic El Others E Don't know

6.The project should be:

E Implement quickly E postponed El Objected El Don't concern

7.The impact on your family:

E Positive E Negative El Negative, but can bearEl No impact E Don't know

8.Will you agree to destroy your house and resettle you:

E Will El won't El Don't concern

- _ Question

1.View on the environmental protection measures, any suggestions?

B - 2


kppendix C

Results of Xiakou Transmission Line Public Conulstation Process

C-1 Composition of Public

Item Age Sex

Status <30 31-40 41-50 51-60 >60 M Fm

Number 13 36 58 11 2 99 21

Item Education Occupation

Status G F E D C B A Farmer Not farmer

Number 2 40 22 29 6 17 4 75 45

Note: A - Undergraduate; B - 2 or 3 years' college study; C - Technical schoolD - Senior high school; E - Junior high school; F - Primary schoolG - Uneducated; M - Male; Fm - Female.

C-2 Particulars of Segment of the Public

Name Age Sex Education Company or address

Wang ChanZhen 48 Fm D Nanzhang Xiaoyan Welfare Building

Chen Junnan 38 M B Nanzhang Xiaoyan Nangshang Shi village

Liu Xiangrning 49 M C Nanzhang Xiaoyan Banzhu village

Zhang Daoxong 46 M A Nanzhang Daily Report

Shang Yongju 45 Fm E Nanzhang Xunjian Tongchenhe village, group7

Fu Chao 33 M D Nanzhang Xunjian Xiankou village

Guo Yunping 28 Fm B Nanzhang Water Resource Bureau

Bao Zhedong 44 M F Zhushan Tianjia Baoan village, group 2

Li Zhining 48 M F Zhushan Tianjia Yukou village, group 1

Zhen Weiwen 39 M E Zhushan Guangdu Muzhong village, group 1

Xia Zhenxiang 38 Fm B Xuanen Woman Union

Wang Pin 31 M B Xuanen Wanzhai Government

Ye Chongquan 39 M C Xuanen Wanzhai Zhentian village, group 7

Li Kegang 52 M F Xuanen Wanzhai Wanxiang village, group 10

Peng Lanyu 54 Fm G Laifeng Manshui Guitang village, group 3

Tian Yanke 48 M F Laifeng Baifushi Nanghe village, group 3

C -i


Chen Yongwan 46 M E Laifeng Jiushi Bantou village, group 3

Zhang Zhifeng 40 M E Laifeng Lushui Xiaoao village, group 2

Survey Results - Organiztions

2.Main exiting environmnetal probleml.Main factors affecting local economy

AirDon't know

OthersoDonlknt kNoise

Others

l l n p r o v Dco ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t II,.

3.Role on localgel economy reaics on enrronment

Don't~ ~~~bece knowt

WatDn kno

Tmnlamant~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ad ln

.....................~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Elctmanej..................... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ cmmnia~

.................... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~n.... ................ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ cie clcs Trnp itii~

................ 5.Projec........... Obje.tedDon

......... Postponed.

... . ...... ...... ~m ~n

>

0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 00~~~~0~~~~~

0 .0 V o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

rA ........ .. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ *0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

2~~~~~~~~~~~

0 <~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0C~

0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C

-42C~CZ


W 5ater Impacts on environment

Don't know

6.The project shold be

W ate, ~ ~ ~ ~ aCkmmnic

pla mpaots onnfmil

concern ~ ~ Oter

Don't know

6.The projcansol bea

Objecte-IN... .....

P o st po n ed ...........

Ilin plI erm e nbtquickly

7.1mpacts on familyDonltknow/ , ~~~~~x r 5 .~~tive

t ~~~~~~~~Negative7 uNegaive,but

+ / ~~~~~~~~can bearNo impaL

8.W ill yot. ag,. lo bc ... Iltl.d

D n''tj _

W nr

_ ~ ~~~~~ i._

C -4

vol. 6 eia report - world bank · 2016. 8. 31. · to that of the 110 kv xiakou transmission line....

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