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2. KKEERRAALLAA UUNNIIVVEERRSSIITTYYCCOOLLLLEEGGEE OOFF TTEEAACCHHEERREEDDUUCCAATTIIOONN NNEEDDUUMMAANNGGAADDUU 3. PPRREESSEENNTTEEDD BBYYNNAAMMEE ::AARRYYAA GGIIRReegg.. nnoo.. :: 1133998833001122OOPPTTIIOONN::SSOOCCIIAALL SS CCIIEENNCCEE 4. Volcanoes are often cone-shaped, but they can take othershapes too.They are formed when molten, sticky rock called magma,forces its way through a crack in the Earths crust.The melted rock that spills out of the crater on the top ofthe volcano is called lava. The lava destroys everything inits path because it is very, very hot! 5. WWhheerree ddoovvoollccaannooeesshhaappppeenn??Most volcanoesare formed onland, but there aresome volcanoesthat are on theocean floor. Someof these volcanoesemerge from thewater becausethey are very high.Why does a volcano erupt?A volcano erupts when magma andgases find a way to escape, so theyburst to the surface through a vent.An eruption can be quite gentle orvery violent. 6. TTyyppeess ooff vvoollccaannooVolcanoes can be active, dormant or extinct. A volcano is active, or alive, when it erupts often. When a volcano is dormant, or sleeping, it has noterupted for a long time but it might in the future. A volcano is extinct, or dead, when it hasnt eruptedfor at least 100,000 years. 7. EErruuppttiioonn ppaatttteerrnnssThere are three different levels oferuption:1. If it easy for the gases toescape, then the eruption is verygentle. However, the lava is veryrunny and can move very fast.2. Gas builds up and lumps of rock (bombs) and ash burstout of the volcano. This makes the lava thick and sticky. 8. 3. This is the fiercest eruptionof all because the gases andmagma become trapped insidethe volcano. This causes ahuge explosion, which can bebig enough to remove the topof the whole mountain! 9. DDiidd yyoouu kknnooww??Mount Kilauea, in Hawaii, is themost active volcano on Earthbecause it has been eruptingsince 1983!Pumice stone, which comes from volcanoes, is very lightbecause it contains lot of tiny bubbles. If there are enoughbubbles, then pumice stone can float on water!The word, volcano comes from the name Vulcan, who wasthe Roman god of fire. 10. GGLLOOSSSSAARRYYBomb a lump of rock thrown out in an eruptionCrater a deep hollow at the top of a volcanoCrust The top layer of the EarthEruption the release of gases, magma and rock from a volcanoLava melted rock that flows down the volcanoMagma melted rock inside the EarthMolten melted, liquidVent a crack on the side of a volcano where magma can escape 11. TTHHAANNKK YYOOUU