volkswagen, 4.11.2004, autovision dr. eckart heinl group research the btl-project renew of the...

Volkswagen, 4.11.2004, Autovision

Dr. Eckart HeinlGroup Research

The BtL-Project RENEW of the European Union

Managed by VW

The BtL-Project RENEW of the European Union

Managed by VW

VOLKSWAGEN AG


finance: budget 20 M€ funding 10 M€

duration: 4 years start: 01 / 2004

partners: 31 from 8 countries

core group: VW, DC, Renault, Volvo, Choren, Cutec, Chemrec, Abengoa, EC renewable energy

coordinator: Dr. Frank Seyfried, Volkswagen AG

renewable fuels for advanced powertrains renewable fuels for advanced powertrains

Key Data


Motivationvoluntary commitment of European car manufacturers (ACEA)

Gasoline+ Diesel

Diesel

CO2-emissions [g/km]

1995

new passenger car fleet

year2000 2005

180

160

140

A C E A

- 25%- 25%

target140g/km

target140g/km


Motivation

H2

natural gas

biofuels 5,75% 7% 8%

2% 5% 10%

- 2% 5%

7,75% 14% 23%Total

increasing support of renewable energies by the EU • mid term: blends of conventional fuels with biofuels and “Gas to

Liquids”; natural gas partly supported by EU and energy industry

• long term: priority of hydrogen as sustainable fuel by policy and industry

15 %

> 30 %

10 %

5 %

a few %

new proposal2020

new proposal2020202020202015201520102010

LPG


• Integrated approach ACEA / EC fuel directive– current biofuels have not the potential to substitute fossil fuels

in significant amounts– the full plant usage has best biofuel potential

• Objectives – evaluation of most efficient conversion technology - ecological

(LCA) and economical – substitution potential for biofuels– biofuel specification for current and future ICEs– commonly agreed strategic recommendations

Motivation/Objectives


Scope

Biomass

SunDiesel HCCI-fuel DME Ethanol

Gasification

Fuel Synthesis Lif

e C

ycle

Assessm

en

tb

en

ch

mark

of

kn

ow

n r

ou

tes

SynGas: CO + H2


Op

tim

ised

fu

els

for

new

d

rive t

rain

s

SP 1O

pti

mis

ed

pro

cesses f

or

FT-

fuel

SP 2 SP 5

Op

tim

isati

on

of

b

ioeth

an

ol p

rod

ucti

on

DM

E p

rod

ucti

on

-

from

bla

ck liq

uor

-

SP 3 Biomass and process assessment

- biomass potential

- life-cycle assessment

- economical impact

- suitability for ICEs

- production

assessmentTraining2 summer schools

SP 6

SP 4

Structure


SP 1 Fuel Optimisation

Objectivesproduction of optimised BtL fuel for conventional diesel engines and new combustion processes

Partner and responsibilities• UET fuel production• DC common rail engine tests• VW unit injection (PD) engine tests• Renault tests on a HCCI engine test bench• CERTH upgrading the product• ITN analysing the fuels


• Commonly agreed fuel specifications:

kerosene kerosene high

diesel diesel wide range

density 0.77…0.83g/ml

0.77…0.83g/ml

0.82…0.85g/ml

0.75…0.83g/ml

LHV*density

35…36 MJ/l 35…36 MJ/l 35…36 MJ/l 35…36 MJ/l

IBP > 150°C > 150°C > 200°C > 150°C

FBP < 200°C < 260…280°C

< 320…370°C

< 320…370°C

cetan no. 41…45 40…45 52…54 > 51

aromates < 1% < 1% < 1% < 1%

SP 1 Fuel Optimisation

• 300 l of kerosene high and 600l of diesel have just been delivered to DC• 600 l of kerosene high have just been delivered to VW• 150 l of naphtha (FBP < 150°C) have just been delivered to Renault


Results SP 1

overview:overview: GTL fuels GTL fuels vsvs conventional fuel conventional fuel

synthetic GTL fuels / main characteristics :

- GTL10 : cetane equivalent to conventional / usual Diesel, but highly volatile

- GTL 20 : “intermediate” volatility, but with noticeably higher cetane

Usual Diesel( 124 A )

Density 15°C kg/m3 672,6 736,1 834Distillation : IBP °C 43 152,5 162

10% °C 61 159,5 19650% °C 95 167,0 27290% °C 126 185,5 33795% °C - - 348FBP °C 166 208 359

Cetane number - 45-55 64,5 54

GTL 20“Kerosine” Item Unit GTL 10

“Naphta”


preliminary results about fuel effects in a HCCI-enginepreliminary results about fuel effects in a HCCI-engine

influence of GTL fuels on soot emissions

power (BMIP) increase at constant 3700 r.p.m. with 3 different intake manifold pressures

2,0 bar 2,4 bar 2,7 bar

Usual Diesel

GTL10

GTL20

Usual Diesel

GTL10

GTL20

Usual Diesel

GTL10

GTL20

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

5 6 7 8 9 10 11BMIP ( BarAbs )

So

ots

( F

SN

)

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

5 7 9 11 13BMIP ( BarAbs )

So

ots

( F

SN

)

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

5 7 9 11 13BMIP ( BarAbs )

So

ots

( F

SN

)

3700 rpm 3700 rpm 3700 rpm

Results SP 1

Power (J/m3) Power (J/m3)Power (J/m3)


SP 2 Process OptimisationObjectivesoptimised process for Fischer-Tropsch fuel production

Partner and responsibilities

• CUTEC fluidised bed gasification, FT-fixed bed

reactor • FZK pyrolysis and entrained flow gasification • BKG, TUV gas treatment and FT-synthesis• IGNG exergetic analysis• ITN analysis of the fuels• EdF process integration and upscaling• CERTH catalyst development• VW suitability of fuel from engine tests


SP 2 Process Optimisation

*)Source: FUTURE Energy GmbH

Fischer Tropsch reactor gasification gas cleaningbiomass conditioning

assessment of different process routes for Fischer-Tropsch BtL-fuels

comparison of: - entrained flow and fluidised bed gasification- different FT reactor concepts

*)


gasification and

gas cleaning

gas engine and

generator

additional gas cleaning

additional gas cleaning

compressorcompressor

cloride and sulphur removal

cloride and sulphur removal

Fischer Tropsch reactor

Fischer Tropsch reactor

rawproduct

rawproduct

off gasoff gas

SP 2 Process Optimisation

Fischer Tropsch synthesis in side streamGüssing power plant 8 MW th. ; 2.5 MW el.

• development of flow chart and interaction with biomass CHP• gas cleaning• design of slurry reactor


SP 3 Black Liquor GasificationObjectivesdetail engineering of DME production from black liquor


• Chemrec & STFIevaluation of pilot plant data and

simulation - full scale (250-300 MWth) and

- demonstration scale (45

MWth ) plant• Södra Cell evaluating the impact of the unit in a pulp mill host plant• VTEC performing heavy duty engine tests• Ecotraffic developing a distribution strategy for the products


SP 3 Black Liquor Gasification

• basic engineering finished

• 2 alternatives in DME production are assessed at the moment: two steps or one step by Haldor Topsoe

• start of construction: mid 2005

forest

pulp mill

combined recovery and fuel synthesis

pulp wood

forest residual

fuel (DME)

pulp

biomass transformer

smart issue:present high value biomass (black liquor) is replaced by minor value biomass (forest residues) for energy purposes in the pulp mill


SP 4 Bioethanol ProductionObjectivesoptimisation of bioethanol production


• Abengoa assessment of the common enzymatic

pathway as a benchmark

• AICIA consideration of the thermochemical

pathway, including gasification-, and

catalyst tests as well as final process

simulation and optimisation


SP 5 Biofuel AssessmentObjectivesbiofuel assessment


• EC BREC assessment of biomass resource and

potentials

• ESU-services Life Cycle Analysis

• IEE assessment of micro- and socio-economics

• EEE technical assessment

• PSI thermochemical gaseous fuel production


Results SP 5RENEW_EU-25 geography

SOUTH

WEST

EAST (CEE-8)

UK and Ireland

NORTH

Alpineregion

e.g.: straw: cereal straw 771 PJ permanent crops residues

74 PJ maize 61 PJ total 906 PJ

22 Mtoe20…60% are available for energy/~ local conditions

potential of straw, wood and energy crops has been evaluated for the EU 25 using literature and statistical data


Results SP 5

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

CEE-8

North: FIN, SE, DK

West: GR, FR, BE, Lux, NL

UK + IR

South: GR, SP, IT, PR, BG,RO

Alpine (CH + AT)

PJ/year

Cereals straw

Maize residues

Permanent crops res.

Logging residue

Thinning residue

Wood ind. by-products

E-crops (100% set-aside)

total: 3632 PJ (86 Mtoe)

alpine (CH + AT)

south: GR,SP,IT,PR,BG, RO

UK + IR

west: GE,FR,BE,Lux,NL

north: FIN,SE,DK

CEE-8

0 200 1000800600400 1200 1400 1600


Conclusion

biomass potential Europe

biomass potential Europe

optimised fuel optimised fuel

process evaluation- costs- efficiency- ecology

process evaluation- costs- efficiency- ecology

commonly agreed strategic recommendations

commonly agreed strategic recommendations

first fuel tests process parameters

provision and costs

assess-ment

recommen-dations

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008


For further informations:

www.renew-fuel.comwww.renew-fuel.com

Thank you for your Thank you for your attention!attention!Thank you for your Thank you for your attention!attention!

volkswagen, 4.11.2004, autovision dr. eckart heinl group research the btl-project renew of the...

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