volume 20 number 2 april-june 2020medicolegalupdate.org/scripts/mlu april-june_2020 (3).pdf · or...

Volume 20 Number 2 April-June 2020

Medico-Legal UpdateEditor-in Chief

Prof. (Dr) R K SharmaFormer Head, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029E-mail: [email protected]

ASSOCIATE EDITOR

1. S.K. Dhattarwal (Professor)Forensic Medicine, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana

2. Dr. Adarsh Kumar (Additional Professor)Forensic Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi

3. Dr. Vijaynath V (Associate Professor)Forensic Medicine, Vinayaka Mission Medical college, Tamil Nadu

4. Ms. Roma Khan, Forensic Sciences, INSAAF Mumbai5. Dr. Imran Sabri (Assistant Professor)

Department of Bio-Medical Sciences.College of Medicine, King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia

INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD

1. B. N. Yadav (Professor)Forensic Medicine, BP Koirala Institute of Medical Sciences, Nepal

2. Dr. Vasudeva Murthy Challakere Ramaswam (Senor Lecturer)Department of Pathology, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia

3. Babak Mostafazadeh (Associate Professor)Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran-Iran

4. Dr. Sarathchandra Kodikara (Lecturer)Forensic Medicine Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

NATIONAL EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD

1. Prof. N.K. Agarwal (Professor) Forensic Medicine, UCMS, Delhi2. P.K. Chattopadhyay, (Professor)

Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Noida3. Dalbir Singh (Professor) Forensic Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh4. Dr. Harish Pathak, Mumbai5. J. Gargi (Professor) GGS Medical College, Faridkot6. P.C. Dikshit (Professor)

Forensic Medicine, Jamia Hamdard Medical College, New Delhi7. Anil Mittal (Professor)

Forensic Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical college, New Delhi8. Balbir Kaur (Professor)

Forensic Medicine, MM institute of Medical Sciences, Ambala9. Mukesh Yadav (Professor) Forensic Medicine, School of Medical

Sciences and research,Greater Noida10. T.K.K. Naidu (Professor) Forensic Medicine, Prathima Institute

of Medical Sciences Andhra Pradesh11. S. Das (Professor) Forensic Medicine, Himalayan Institute of

Medical Sciences Dehradun12. Col Ravi Rautji, Forensic Medicine, Armed Forces Medical

College, Pune13. Dr. Manish Nigam (Professor and Head)

Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences, INDORE (M.P.)

14. Dr. Shailesh Kudva (Principal)Rajasthan Dental College and Hospital Jaipur-302026

15. Usmanganishah Makandar (Associate Professor)Anatomy, AIMS, Bhatinda

16. Dr. Pratik Patel (Professor and Head) Forensic Medicine, SmtNHL Municipal Medical College Ahmedabad

17. Basappa S. Hugar (Associate Professor)Forensic Medicine, Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore

NATIONAL EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD

18. Dr. Vandana Mudda (Awati) (Associate Prof)Dept of FMT, M.R. Medical College, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India

19. Dr. HarishKumar. N. (AssociateProfessor)Dept.of ForensicMedicine, Sri Siddhartha MedicalCollege, Tumkur

20. Dr. Gowri Shankar (Associate Professor)Forensic Medicine, SNMC, Bagalkot

21. Dr. Manjunath Badni (Reader) Dept of Oral pathology MaharanaPratap college of Dentistry and Research Centre, Gwalior

22. Dr. L.Ananda Kumar (Associate Professor) Forensic Medicine,Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, (RIMS), Kadapa

23. Dr. Ramesh Nanaji Wasnik (Associate Professor and Head)Forensic Medicine Late B.R.K.M. Govt. Medical college, Jagdalpur

24. Dr. Sachin Sinha (Reader), Dept. of Oral Pathology & Microbiology Daswani Dental College & Research Centre, Rajasthan

25. Dr. Sasi Kanth, Asst. Professor, A.C.S.R Government Medical College,Nellore, Andhra Pradesh.

Medico Legal Update is a scientific journal which brings latest knowledge regarding changing medico legal scenario to its readers. The journal caters to specialties of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Science, DNA fingerprinting, Toxicology, Environmental hazards, Sexual Medicine etc. The journal has been assigned international standard serial number (ISSN) 0971-720X. The journal is registered with Registrar of Newspaper for India vide registration numbers 63757/96 under Press and Registration of Books act, 1867. The journal is also covered by EMBASE (Excerpta Medica Database) from 1997 and by INDEX COPERNICUS, POLAND. Medico legal update is a half yearly peer reviewed journal. The journal has also been assigned E-ISSN 0973-1283 (Electronic version). The first issue of the journal was published in 1996.

Website: www.medicolegalupdate.org© All Rights reserved The views and opinions expressed are of the authors and not of the Medico Legal Update. The Medico Legal Update does not guarantee directly or indirectly the quality or efficacy of any products or service featured in the advertisement in the journal, which are purely commercial.

EditorDr. R.K. Sharma

Institute of Medico-legal PublicationsLogix Office Tower, Unit No. 1704, Logix City Centre Mall,

Sector- 32, Noida - 201 301 (Uttar Pradesh)

Printed, published and owned byDr. R.K. Sharma

Institute of Medico-legal PublicationsLogix Office Tower, Unit No. 1704, Logix City Centre Mall,

Sector- 32, Noida - 201 301 (Uttar Pradesh)

Published atInstitute of Medico-legal Publications

Logix Office Tower, Unit No. 1704, Logix City Centre Mall, Sector- 32, Noida - 201 301 (Uttar Pradesh)

I

1. A Study to Assess Depression, Anxiety, Loneliness and Internet Addiction among College Students Using Internet in Selected College, Chennai .....................................................................................................................................1A. Preetha, D. Princy Petrishiya, L. Praveen, K. Praveen Kumar, M. Kalaivani, Rogina J.S. Savarimuthu

2. Early Identification of Proteinuria by Using Urine Dipstick among Patients with Type II Diabetes in Selected Community Area, Kanchipuram Dist., Tamil Nadu, India .......................................................................................4A. Sharli Praba, J. Sangeetha, G. Divakar, V. Shalini, Radhiga

3. Assess the Prevalence and Identify the Risk Factors of Hypertension among Adults Residency in a Selected Rural Community, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India ............................................................................................8Ajeeth R., Deva Asser, Anusuya R., Hari Priya S., Sangeeswari, Shanmuga Sundaram, Lakshmi L.

4. A Cross Sectional Study of Deaths Due to Poisoning: Autopsied at a Tertiary Care Centre: Davangere ..............11Anand Patil, Tasgaonkar V.N., Vijayakumar B. Jatti

5. Pattern of Medico-Legal Cases in a Tertiary Care Centre at Sangli, Maharashtra: A Retrospective Study ...........15Anand Patil, Vijay N. Tasgaonkar, Dileep Kumar R., Rakesh M. Marigoudar

6. Practices and Problems Related to Breastfeeding among Mothers of Under-Five Children ..................................19Anju Philip T., Neethu R., Jibin John, Binsha C.S., Amlu Vettom, Lithiya Thomas, Joyce Kanjamattathil

7. A Study to Assess the Knowledge on Protein Energy Malnutrition among Mothers of Under Five Children in Selected Areas at Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu.............................................................................................25Asha M., Jessily Elsa George, Nithya S., Priya T., Sandhiya Priya P., Suvitha M., N. Thivya

8. The Prevalence of Anemia among the Adolescent Girls in a Selected College in Kanchipuram ...........................28Asher T., Shobana M., Abarna A., Aamina A., Bharathi B., Ponnambily Chandy

9. A Descriptive Study to Assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Mothers Regarding Prevention of Juvenile Sexual Abuse ...........................................................................................................................................................33Bavithra Devi K., Dinesh Kumar S., Nisha V., J. Metha, Rogina J.S. Savarimuthu

10. Correlation of Injury Severity Score with Survival time in Fatal Road Traffic Accidents in Central Indian Population ................................................................................................................................................................37Biyabani Naushad Husain, Makarand S. Vyawahare, Rajeshwar Pate

11. A Descriptive Study to Assess the Risk Factors of Obesity among Housewives Residing at Selected Community, Setting in Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu .........................................................................................................42Chandiralekha M., Gomathi V., Pavithra G., Revathi V., T. Sowmiya, Tinturachelgeorge, L. Lakshmi

Volume 20, Number 2 April-June 2020

Medico-Legal Update

CONTENTS

II

12. Assessment of Presence of the Phenotypic Characteristics of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among Young Adult Girls in a Selected College, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India ..................................................................45E. Anitha, M. Geetha, S. Anushya, R. Anitha, Ra. Vinoth Kumar, A. Rathiga

13. Effect of Video Assisted Teaching on Prevention and Management of Dengue among Mothers in a Selected Rural Community, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, India .......................................................................................49Fancy R., Joshi Prethi S. A., Saral R., Santhiya G., Kalaivani M., Yaga Jeyanthi

14. Assessment of Level of General Anxiety among the Higher Secondary School Students .....................................53G. Jayashree, S. Kasthuri, J. Sangeetha, Manjula T.R.

15. Assessment of Knowledge of Mothers Regarding Diaper Rashes in Infants in a Selected Rural Community, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India ...............................................................................................................58G. Prithiba, K. Priya, R. Rekha, R. Rebekahal, Veena M. Joseph

16. Estimation of Stature from Percutaneous Length of Tibia in Natives of Gujarat ...................................................61Gaurang N. Algotar, Viral N. Chauhan, Ravindra S. Bhise

17. Effect of Perceived Stress on Menstruation among Adolescent Girls in a Selected College, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India ....................................................................................................................................................67J. Chrislinjebisha, R. Vinitha, S. Preethi, S. Kasthuri, K. Vanitha

18. Effect of an Informative Pamphlet in Improving Parental Knowledge about Retinopathy of Prematurity ............70Jincy Liz Thomas, Renu G., Magi Xavier

19. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Postnatal Mothers Regarding Postnatal Exercise in Selected Villages at Pooncheri, Kanchipuram District,Tamil Nadu, India ..............................................................................................76K. Mageshwari, D. Pavithra, C. Suniliga, M. Priyanka, D. Joaniepriya

20. Knowledge on Maternal and Child Health Service among Women in Reproductive Age Group in Mahabalipuram, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India ...............................................................................................................82K.V. Divya, M. Deepika, S. Kalaivani, A. Priyadharshini, K. Vanitha

21. Assessment of Knowledge on Disaster Preparedness among Adult in a Selected Rural Community at Kanchipuram District Tamil Nadu, India .......................................................................................................................................86Lobsang Wangmu, A. Leshyha, M. Kowsika, K. Hasina, Yaga Jeyanthi

22. A Descriptive Study to Assess the Paternal Knowledge and Attitude towards Exclusive Breastfeeding in a Selected Tertiary Care Setting, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India ...........................................................................90M. Abirami, B. Abishek, K. Gayathri, S. Amudha, P. Suvetha, Veena M. Joseph

23. Assessment the Risk Factors and Incidence of Low Back Pain among Higher Secondary Students in Selected School at Kanchipuram Dist Tamil Nadu India ......................................................................................................95M. Kalki, Acshal Rachel L., Nisha V., Sundhari G., Rathiga A.

24. A Community Based Cross Sectional Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Hand Hygiene Practices among Mothers of Under Fives .........................................................................................................................................................98M. Rajalakshmi, J. Santhiya, R. Bhuvaneswari, R. Kalaivani, Veena M. Joseph

25. Assessment of Level of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Hypertensive Patients.......................................103M. Sathya, S. Hariharan, S. Kamalnath, K. Joan, Manjula T.R.

III

26. Knowledge and Awareness of Medical Students on Orthodontics: A Cross Sectional Study ..............................107Manikandan S., Sasidharan Sivakumar, Krishna Prasanth B.

27. Assessment on Incidence of Prehypertension and its Association with Stress among Students in Nursing College, Kelambakkam, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, India .................................................................................112Marunsamdevadhas A., Lavanya M., Lavanya T., Mohanapriya P., Kanchana

28. Effectiveness of Video-Assisted Teaching Program on Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Temporary Family Planning Method among Postnatal Mothers ..........................................................................................................116Monisha U., Indu Balakrishnan

29. Effectiveness of Structured Computer Based Education Programme to Develop & Enhance the Knowledge on Coronary Artery Disease among Patients with Hypertension ...............................................................................120Nandhini Devi, A. Rathiga

30. Effectiveness of Video Assessed Teaching Progamme on Prevention of Domestic Violence among Adolescent Boys at Selected College, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu .............................................................................125Nishanthi B., Vijayalakshmi N., Kayalvizhi L., Pavithra T., Deepika E., Jancy R., Shenbagapraba N.

31. A Study to Assess the Compliance to Medication among Type 2 Diabetic Patients at Selected Rural Community in Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu .......................................................................................................................128P. Kowsalya, Karthika, R. Krishna Kumar, S. Joyce, N. Thivya

32. Prevalance and Risk Factors of Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Retrospective Study .............................................132P. Nithiyasri, S. Monika, T. Leelashree, G. Lokesh, D. Joanie Priya

33. Use of Current Therapeutic Devices in the Treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome: A review.............................136Rajiv Tonk, Parul Sharma, Shweta Sharma, Vinika Siwach

34. Awareness of Forensic Odontology among Legal Professionals: An Institutional Study ....................................141Prabhav Kumar Iyer, Archana Santhanam

35. Assessment of Level of Anxiety among Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Selected Tertiary Hospital in Kelambakkam, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India .............................................................................................................148Praveen V., Preetha G., Prabhakaran R., Prabhushankar J., Sathiyapriya V.

36. Assessment of Psychosocial Problems among College Students in Selected Educational Institution, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu ..............................................................................................................................................151R. Pavithra, A. Mozhiyarasi, M. Nandhini, S. Murugan, Devaki

37. A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge on Fetal Well Being among Antenatal Mothers with Selected Tertiary Care Hospital at Kelambakkam, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India ...........................................155R. Vinothini, C. Robin Jayaraj, D. Joanie Priya

38. Knowledge and Practice of Observing Daily Fetal Movement among Primigravid Women in Kellambakkam, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India .............................................................................................................159Reshma S., Priya L., Sharmi D., Sripriya S., Nancy Victoria

39. Assessment of the Incidence and Associated Risk Factors of Urinary Tract Infection among children- A Retrospective study. ...............................................................................................................................................164Rossy Debnath, Sakthiabinaya S., Thiruvikram E., Udhayachandran R., Krupa Susan Koshy

IV

40. A Study to Assess Mental Health among IT Professionals in Selected Company, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu .......................................................................................................................................................................170S. Ranjith, K. Rosely, V. Shalini, Rogina J.S. Savarimuthu

41. A Reterospective Study to Asses the Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Patient with Chronic Liver Disease at a Selected Hospital in Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu................................................................173S.A. Joshi Preethi, N. Janagiraman, Mrs.Rathiga

42. A Descriptive Study to Assess the Quality of Life of Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Selected Rural Community at Kancheepuram District Tamil Nadu, India ....................................................................................177S. Kamali, Kavitha Jasmine, A. Jaya, M. Janani, S. Kamali, Kavitha Jasmine, A. Jaya, M. Janani, Shenbagapraba N.

43. A Descriptive Study to Assess the General Well-Being among Married Women with Domestic Abuse in Selected Community Area of Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu ......................................................................................180S. Vishnu Priya, I. Ashwin Garry Joshua, A. George Fernandez, Rogina J.S. Savarimuthu

44. Assessment of the Knowledge on Breast Self-examination among Women in Selected Tertiary Hospital at Kelambakkam, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, India .................................................................................183Saran C., Sandhiya S.K., Yogeshkumar S., Vignesh T., J. Manjula

45. Structural Transformation and Learning Paradigms-Global Strategic Approach in Clinical Legal Education ....188Shefali Raizada, J.K. Mittal

46. Assessment of Passive Smoking Exposure among Adults Population in a Selected Urban Community Area Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India .............................................................................................................193Shruthi P., William Raj N., Ranjith S., Nandha Gopal K., Manjila J.

47. Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Anterior Hard Palate: A Rare Case Report............................................................196Sushruth Nayak, Ramesh Ram Fry, Prachi Nayak, Kush Pathak, Asha Karadwal

48. A Cross Sectional Study on the Awareness on the Bio-Medical Waste Management among Medical Students in a Tertiary Care Hospital Chennai .............................................................................................................................199Taarika Balaji, Magendran J.

49. Assessment on Effects of Electronic Media on Traditional Play among Higher Secondary Students in Selected Schools in Kelambakkam, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, India................................................................206Tony Dominic D., Annies Infencya A., Jeyashree A., Sangeetha K., Kanchana

50. Pattern of Snake Bite Cases at Tertiary Health Care Centre and First Aid Treatment ..........................................211Miss Vandana Kumari, Dr. Vinay Bannur, Dr. Chandrakant Kokatanur, Dr. Ajay V. Patil

51. Assessment of Adverse Symptoms of Menopause among Post Menopausal Women in a Selected Rural Community at Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India .........................................................................................................217Vijaya Kumar P., Vishwanathan K., Shobana V., Malathi S., N. Thivya

52. Knowledge on Prevention of Carcinoma Cervix among Women in the Reproductive Age Group at Kokilamedu Village, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu .........................................................................................................221Vishal A., Udhaya Kumar G., Tamizhini T., Priyanka P., Ruksana Begam S.

53. Bacteriological Finding in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media and Antibiotic Sensitivity ....................................226Alaa Yas Abed, Raid M. Al-ani, Noor Jassim Mohammed

V

54. To Assess Awareness and Perspectives of Female Foeticide among School Children .........................................230Arun Kumar Srivastava, Rajesh Kumar Baranwal, Poonam Bala

55. Knowledge and Protective Health Behaviors Concerning Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease among Baghdad University Students ................................................................................................................................................234Aqeel H. Jasim, Haider M. Majeed, Tahseen R. Mohammed

56. A Descriptive Correlational Survey to Assess the Knowledge Related to Prevention of Nosocomial Infections and Selected Practices among Staff Nurses in a Selected Hospital of New Delhi .......................................................240Geetanjali, Cimil Babu

57. The Effect of Scenario-based and Participatory Method of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Training on the Knowledge of Basic and Advanced Life Support (BLS and ACLS) in Emergency Medical Technicians...........245Hossein Jafarizadeh, Yaser Moradi, Javad Rasouli, Sona Zeinalzadeh

58. Correlation between IL-10 Expression with Histopathology Type on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients .......250Hamita, Widodo Ario Kentjono, H.M.S. wiyadi

59. Survival Patterns of Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer in Sulaymaniyah, Iraqi Kurdistan .............................255Khalid Anwar Hama Ghareeb, Zahira Metwally Gad, Noha Awad, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Jwan Jalal Rasheed shwana, Shuann Shwana, Safeen Rasul Ali

60. Evaluation of the Effect of Caring Program Based on Roy Adaptation Model in Physiology and Self-Concept Dimensions on Fatigue of Elderly Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy ..................................................262Mozhghan Hajalimohammadi, Roghayeh Esmaeili, Mitra Zandi, Bagher Pahlavan Zadeh

61. Evaluation of Infection Control Measures of Iraqi Dentists in Dental Practices ..................................................268Lubna Makki Hussein, Shahad Dhurgham Ali, Ameer M.J. Twair

62. Evaluation of Reproductive Hormones in Patients with β-Thalassemia Major in Misan Province, Iraq ..............274Tutor Noor AL-Huda Salah AL-Zuhairy, Zainab Abdul Jabbar Ridha AL-Ali

63. Half Beam Technique in Patient with Left Breast Cancer and Evaluate its Dosimetry Parameters from Dose-volume Histograms ................................................................................................................................................280Nashwan K. Abdulkareem, Fatiheea F. Hassan

64. Risk Factors and Coronary Artery Diseases in Young Adults Above and Below 40 Years: An Observational Study ......................................................................................................................................................................287S.D. Kadam, Priya P. Roy, A.B. Shelake, M.A. Doshi

65. Evaluation of Quality of Nursing Documentation in Surgical Wards at Baghdad Teaching Hospitals ................292Tahseen R. Mohammed , Haider M. Majeed, Aqeel H. Jasim

66. Expropriation in Relation to Drug Patenting Concerning Pharmaceutical Companies .........................................298Shreya Sarkar, J.K. Mittal

67. The Effectiveness of Communication Skills Training on Self-Efficacy and Emotional-Social Adjustment in Women with MS .................................................................................................................................................................303Soodabeh Bassak Nejad, Akram Kaviani Broujeni, Mahnaz Mehrabi Zadeh Honarmand, Nastaran Majdi Nasab

VI

68. Comparison of Biomechanical Stability between Tensionband Wiringfixation and Post-Osteotomyolecranonchevronhook Plate ................................................................................................................309Sumpada Priambudi, Erwin Ramawan

69. Study on Various Evidences of Physiotherapy Interventions for Decision Making towards Management of Stroke 314Suraj B. Kanase

70. Autism Spectrum Disorder: Review Article ..........................................................................................................320Wafaa Abdulmutalib Naji, Mohammed Qasim Waheeb, Duaa Hamad Hamza

71. One-Pot Synthesis of New Pyrazolo [3, 4, -d] Pyrimidine Derivatives and Study of their Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities ................................................................................................................................................................326Ahmed A. Hadi, Zainab Y. Kadhim, Ameena N. Seewan, Murad G. Munahi, Mohammed Qasim Waheeb

72. Evaluation of TNFα in Patients with Heart Failure According to BNP Concentration ........................................332Ali Abd Alhassan Ali, Ismail Ibrahim Latif, Ali Mousa Jaafar

73. Serum Vitronectin and Related Molecules in Chronic Kidney Disease ................................................................339Ekhlas Abdallah Hassan, Fayhaa M. Khaleel

74. Study for Selection Criteria of Two Types Fixed Partial Dentures in Iraqi Population ........................................348Zainab Mahmood Mansi, Huda M. Al-Badri, Ali Fadhil AlQrimli, Saifalarab Mohamed

75. Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) Staining: A Useful Technique for Demonstration of Carbohydrates ........................353Swapna Shedge A., Priya Roy, Ajay Shedge, Megha A. Doshi

76. The Potential of Arbitrating Healthcare Disputes .................................................................................................358Meenakshi Kalra, Vikas Gupta

77. Pesticides: Slow but Silent Killer ..........................................................................................................................363Gauri Joshi, A.G. Joshi, Ajit Sontakke, Sangita Patil, Dhirajkumar Mane, K.C. Wingakar

78. Effectiveness of Vestibular Stimulation Training in Cerebral Palsy .....................................................................369Mandar Malawade, Tahura Shabnam Shaikh

79. Comparison of Neural Tissue Mobilization and Muscle Energy Technique on Hamstring Tightness in Chronic Low Back Pain .......................................................................................................................................................375Shivani .Y. Patel, Chandrakant Patil, Smita Patil

80. Awareness of Physiotherapy Intervention in CA-breast .......................................................................................380Ankita A. Jadhav, Suraj B. Kanase, G. Varadharajulu, Sanjaykumar Patil, Vaishalijagtap

81. Medicalization of Judicial Mode of Execution: A Critical Study in American Context .......................................384Author-Anjum Hassan, Meenu Gupta

82. Identifying Opportunities for Improvement Using Accreditation Standards in a Public Sector Ophthalmichospital in India ...................................................................................................................................................................389Mohammad Kausar, Anoop Daga, Yangchen Dolma, Shakti Kumar Gupta

83. Prevalance and Risk Factors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Study .......................................397C. Nandha Kumar, V.B. Manova, R. Maniyarasi, V. Paveena, K. Vanitha

VII

84. Physiological and Biochemical Rationale of Yogasana ........................................................................................401Vimal Singh Gusain, Anant Narayan Sinha, Joshil Kumar Behera

85. Reliability and Validity of the Standing Balance Assessment for Spinal Cord Injury (SBASCI) ........................406Meenakshi Singh, Aparna Sarkar, Chitra Kataria,

86. Potential Barriers to Utilizing Health Services among Multi-Ethnic Communities in Samarinda City: A Qualitative Study ......................................................................................................................................................................413Ratno Adrianto, Amran Razak, M. Alimin Maidin, Darmawansyah, Muhammad Alwy Arifin, Muhammad Syafar, Muhammad Asdar

87. The Effect of Astaxanthin Administration on Plasma Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Palatine Tonsil Swab in Chronic Tonsillitis Patients ...............................................................................................................................419Sutji Pratiwi Rahardjo, Abd. Azis Rola, Abdul Qadar Punagi, Muh Fadjar Perkasa

88. Technology and Development Facility Information System Integration in Improving the Integrated Recording and Reporting in the Department of Health District South Buru .................................................................................424Sudirman, Alwi Muhammad Arifin, Muh Yusri Abadi, Suci Rahmadani, Muhammad Al Fajrin

89. Practice Of Exclusive Breastfeeding At Evacuation Site Post-Earthquake In Palu City, Indonesia .....................430Rasyika Nurul Fadjriah, Andi Ummu Salamah, Nurhaedar Jafar, Rosmala Nur, Nikmah Utami Dewi, Khairunnisa, Anwar Mallongi

90. Primary Women Infertility and Thyroid Disorders ...............................................................................................435Madha Mohammed Saleh, Ola Abbas Khdhair, Amina Salman Ali

91. Comparison and Correlation of CD4T Cells Countwith Viral Load Prior to and after Initiating HAART in HIV Iraqi Patients ...................................................................................................................................................................441Aliaa Hussain Lafi, Mothana Ali Khalil

92. Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential of Rumex Vesicarius Extracts ............................449Student Sabreen A. Alazzam, Mohammed Mosleh Sharqi, Ali F. AlMehemdi

93. Is Irisin a Phenotypic Parameter in Over-Weight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome? ............................455Shaden M.H. Mubarak, Hanaa Addai Ali

94. First Report of Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1 in Carbapenem-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella Pneumoniae in Iraq .....................................................................................................................................................................461Hani Hasan Jubair, Zainab Jaber Hadi, Ali M. Almohana

95. Evaluation of Serum and Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome ...............................................................................................................................................................467Nehad Atea Jwda, Hasan Hussein Taha, Shatha Hussein Ali

96. Analysis of Patients with PCOS According to Demographic Factors & Hormonal Assayin Babylon Government in Iraq .........................................................................................................................................................................473Ban Aamer Mousa, Sijal Fadhil Farhood Makki Al Joborae

97. Assessment of Serum Afamin and Preptin Levels as a Potential Diagnosis Markers for Cardiovascular Patients Undergoing Catheterization ...................................................................................................................................479Mohammed Saeed Salman Hasan, Muthana Saleh Mashkur, Seyed Omid Ranaei Siadat, Hanaa Addai Ali

VIII

98. Microorganism Distribution that Causes Abortionin Females of Fallujah City ....................................................485Asif Hasan Abdulrazaq, Leqaa Majeed Aziz, Mohammed Jobair Muhaidi, Ahmed Naji Lateef

99. Resistive Index of Intrarenal Vessels in Patients with Ureteric Calculi ................................................................492Noor Kathem Al-Waely, Noorabbashummadi, Khaldoon Raheem Khudhair

100. Phenolic Compounds Role in Rat Immunity Changes that Caused by Entamoeba Histolytica ............................497Shahad Abbas Ali Al-Attar, Abeer Abbas Ali

101. Breast Cancer in Fallujah District (Iraq), A Comparative Pathological Study......................................................502Arkan Obaid Jasim Al-Isawi, HaithemTafash Dagash, Mohammed Tafash Dagash, AdnanChechan Obaid, Mothana Ali Khalil

102. Evaluation of the Role of miRNA-21 Levels as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer Associated with Prognosis .......................................................................................................................................................508Ekhlas Saddam Falih, Suhad Hassan Obaid, Faten Rashid Hameed

103. The Role of Rotavirus in Exacerbated Ulcerative Colitis .....................................................................................514Rawaa Ali, Ghanim Aboud Jaber A-Mola

104. Impact of Internet Addiction Upon Educational Performance of Students Nursing Secondary Schools in Baghdad City ........................................................................................................................................................................519Iman Hussaein Alwan

105. Human Health and Nutritional Value of Walnut and Evaluation of its Sensory, Peroxidase and Acid ................525Pari H. Sharef Mahmud, Haider M. Hamza

106. Knowledge and Psychological Factors Affecting on Skills Performance Enhancement and Developing Reading ....531Warood Faleh Khudair Al Mamouri, Ibtisam Mousa Al Zuwaini, MounirNajim

107. Improvement the Strength of a Dental Filling Restoration by Adding of NiTi alloy Powder to Galloy ..............536Osamah Abdulbari Khadhair, Rana Afif Anaee, Kadhum Muttar Shabeeb

108. Quality of Nursing Services for Heart Problems in Pediatric Hospital Intensive Care Unit .................................543Banw Azad Mohammed, Aso Faeq Salih

109. Evaluation of Total Antioxidant Capacity in Serum and Follicular Fluid of Women Undergoing ICSI and its Association with Implantation Failure ..................................................................................................................549Lana Nazar Abdul-Razzaq, Khalid Mahdi Salih, Bushra Jawad Al-Musawi

110. Evaluation of Physically-Disabled Fighters’ Quality of Life at Rehabilitation Military Center in Al-Basra City .....555Mukdad Ali Hamead, Hala Saadi Abdul Wahid

111. Impact of Fast Foods and Snacks Upon Adolescents’ BMI at Secondary Schools in Baghdad City ...................559Buthainah Basheer Saleh, Eqbal Ghanim Ma΄ala

112. Association of Oxidative Stress and Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in Babylon Province ....565Bariaa A. Aljoboury, Abdulsamie H. Alta’ee, Sabah J. Alrubaie

IX

113. Genotyping of Echinococcusgranulosus Isolates from Human, Sheep and Cattles Hydatid Cysts in Some Central Euphrates Provinces, Iraq ......................................................................................................................................570Zahraa Mohammed Salih Mahdi, Ahmed Khudhair Al-Hamairy, Hadi Mezeil Al-Rubaiey

114. Quality of Life of Patients with Ischemic Stroke Versus Hemorrhagic Stroke: Comparative Study....................576Diaa K. Abd Ali

115. Retina Image and Bat-Inspird Algorithm for Artificial Key Generation ...............................................................583Mohammed JasimRidha, Ali Hussein Fadil

116. Psychosocial Burdens of Hypertensive Patients ....................................................................................................592Raheem Malalla ABADi, Hussein Jassim Mohammed, R.N. Kadhim Hussein Jassim

117. Association between Eating Disorders with Depression: A Descriptive Study ....................................................597Shwan Asaad Qadir, Salwa Shakir Muhsin

118. Evaluation of Science Teachers’ Knowledge towards Mumps Disease in Primary Schools ................................602Haqi I. Mansoor, Kahtan H. Hussein

119. Chromosomal Aberration and Histopathological Effect of Metronidazole-Induced Toxicity in Male Rat ..........607AlaaShakir Al-Nahi, Ali Hassan Abood, Khama’al Hussein Abod Al-Khafaji

120. Effect of Garlic and Celery Extracts on Lead Toxicity in Male Mice ...................................................................614Jinan Sattar Ghafil, Nada Saad Naji Al-Taee

121. Mood Disorder in Adolescents with Diabetes Mellitus in Kirkuk City ................................................................619Abbas Lateef Muhe-Aldeen

122. Vitamin D Level Status and Hypertension among Elderly Iraqi People in Al Hillah City ...................................625Ismael Hasan Jawad, Hasan ALwan Baiee

123. Vitamin D Level Status and Diabetes Mellitus among Old Adult Iraqi People in Al Hillah City ........................630Ismael Hasan Jawad, Hasan A Lwan Baiee

124. Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites among Children in Khanaqin City East of Diyala/Iraq ...................................636Noora Dhyaaldain Abed

125. Socio-Cultural Factors in Family Independence Prevent the Transmission of Leprosy in Sampang, Madura Island 642Achmad Ali Basri, Rachmat Hargono , Elida Ulfiana, Merryana Adriani, Retno Indarwati, Setho Hadisuyatmana, Nina Agustina

126. Head Posture and Functional Ability of Upper Extremity in Adolescents Use Smartphone ................................647Amira H. Mohammed

127. Neurological Spectrum Disorders Associated with Anti–MOG Antibody ...........................................................653Asaad A. Mnaather, Usama J. Hawala, Shameem A. Hussein, Eman Sh. Al-Obeidy

128. The Association of Lipoprotein-a Levels, Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio and Hypertension with the Clinical Severity Scale Measured by NIHSS Scale in Patients with Acute Thrombotic Stroke.........................................658Moh. Hasan Mahfoed, Paulus Sugianto, Muhammad Hamdan, Achmad Firdaus Sani, Mohammad Saiful Ardhi, Fadil, Ilsa Hunaifi

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129. Effect of Perceived Stress on Menstruation among Adolescent Girls in a Selected College, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India ..................................................................................................................................................664J. Chrislinjebisha, R. Vinitha, S. Preethi, S. Kasthuri, K. Vanitha

130. The Roles of Parenting Style towards Mental Health of Early Childhood ...........................................................667M. Fadlillah,, Rochmat Wahab, Yulia Ayriza, Setyabudi Indartono

131. Factor Affecting the Success of Aged-Friendly Primary Health Care Program for Elderly in Surabaya City .....673Miranti Dea Dora, Joni Haryanto, Siti Nur Kholifah, Ferry Efendi, Eka Mishbahatul M. Has, Achmad Ali Basri

132. The Relation between Hyperlipidemia and Intracranial Bleeding Prospective Study ..........................................678Musaed H. Al Dahhan, Usama J. Hawala, May A. Hamed, B.K. Hanan Ahmed

133. Overall Equipment Effectivenes (OEE) to Determine the Effectiveness of Dental Chair Unit in Mother and Child Hospital at Surabaya ..............................................................................................................................................683Prima Nerito, Boy Sandy Sunardhi, Tito Yustiawan

134. Knowledge on Warning Symptoms of High Risk Pregnancy as Perceived by the Antenatal Mothers in a Selected Tertiary Hospital, Kelambakkam, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu.................................................................687Righteous Delfia R., Suriya G., Priyadharshini B., Suriya P., Ruksana Begam S.

135. Molecular Detection of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated from Chicken Cans in the Markets of Al-Muthanna Province .................................................................................................................................................................692Shayma Abdullah Hanoon, Ali Hasanain Alhamadani, Taisir Abdulelah Kadhim

136. Analysis Midwife Workload with Nasa-TLX Method ..........................................................................................697Sherly Jeniawaty, Queen Khoirun Nisa Mairo, Yuni Ginarsih

137. Controversy of the Capability of Voters with Mental Health Disorder in the General Election...........................703Wilma Silalahi, Guntur Hamzah, Retno Saraswati, Lita Tyesta ALW

138. Motivation for Choosing Neurology as a Career among Students of Baghdad Medical College .........................708Zuhair A. Al-Johar, Aqeel Kareem Hatem, Hadeel Mohammed Abbas, Hajer Waleed Khaled, MahaTayib Othman

139. Assessment of Occurrence of RAS in Children and its Association with Oral Hygiene ......................................714Atul Anand Bajoria, Prashant Babaji, Vardharajula Venkata Ramaiah, Ahmed Ali Alfawzan

140. Effects of Health Perception, Generativity and Wisdom on Job Competency of Korean Care Workers ..............718Hee Kyung Kim, Cheol Hee Park, Nan Young Lee

141. Effects of Self-efficacy and Wisdom on Job Competence of Care Workers in Korea ..........................................724Hee Kyung Kim, NanYoung Lee, Cheol Hee Park

142. Detection for Virulence Factors of Amoebic Dysentery in Bloody Diarrheal Children Under 7 Years ...............729Ghada B. Ali Alomashi, Zainab S. Abdallah

143. Effects of Self-efficacy, Health Perception, Social Support and Perceived Disability on Health Promoting Behavior of Nursing Students ...............................................................................................................................................734Mi Sun Lee, Hee Kyung Kim

144. Molecular Detection of Some Virulence Genes in Stahpylococcusaureus Isolated from Different Human Clinical Specimens ..............................................................................................................................................................740Khaleid Yassen AL-Zamily, Niran Kadhim F. AL-Rubaey, Jundi Alak Mahdi Al-Buhilal

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145. Estimating Soil Pollution Range with Heavy Metals in Some Areas of Baghdad City ........................................747Beadaa Abdalqader Mahdii,, Ahmed Mohammed Turki

146. Heart Irregularities Detection Based ECG Signals ................................................................................................752Sarah A. Hamood, Aqeel A. Al-Hilali, Laith F. Jumaa

147. Phytochemical Screening by HPLC and FTIR Spectroscopy of Glucokinin Isolated from Methanol Extract of Bauhinia Variegata ................................................................................................................................................759Dhifaf Jabbar Shamran, Essam Fadel Al-Jumaili

148. Burn Injury Characteristics and Outcomes among Hospitalized Patients in Tertiary Burn Unit ..........................764Bahir Sabah Abood Allawi, HasanAlwan Baiee, Ameer Hasan Baiee

149. Isolation and Identification of Mycoplasma from Eye Infection Diseases ............................................................770Ghaidaa J. Al-Ghizzawi, Zahraa H. Thjeel, Layla Naser Harb

150. The Association of T45G Polymorphism in the Adiponectin Gene with Some Hormonal Parameters in Iraqi Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ............................................................................................................774Raghad Ayad Majeed, Adel Fawzi Shihab, Akeel Hussein AL-Assei

151. Prostate Specific Antigen and Prostate Volume; How They are Correlated in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ............................................................................................................................................................780Muhammad Hammad Jasim Alajeely, Duraid Taha Abdulkareem, Waleed Nassar Jaffal, Nafea Sami Enad Al-Esawi, Ehab Jasim Mohammad

152. Molecular Detection of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated From Chicken Cans in the Markets of Al-Muthanna Province .................................................................................................................................................................786Shayma Abdullah Hanoon, Ali Hasanain Alhamadani, Taisir Abdulelah Kadhim

153. Digital Education of Rural India to Impact Rural Economy .................................................................................791Bella Thomas, S. Senith, A. Alfred Kirubaraj, S.R. Jino Ramson

154. Structural Non-Structural Protein-1 Virus Dengue of Risk Factors on Functional Interference Hepar ................796Susilowati Andajani

155. The Effect of Plumbum, Zinc and Zinc Ratio on Plumbum in Children’s Temperament .....................................801Yunias Setiawati, Joni Wahyuhadi, H.J. Mukono, Endang Warsiki, Izzatul Fitriyah, Archie A. Dwiyatna, Andronikus Dharmawan

156. The Studying the Adhesion Molecule P-selectin in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease ..................................807Maysam Riyadh Mohammedhussein AL-aasam, Aseel JasimShaalan AL-bdairi, Jalal Jasim ALbdairy

157. Effects of Smoking on the Level of Lipase Enzyme and Lipid Profile in Blood Serum of Young Smokers ........814Qussay Noori Raddam, Moafaq Mutlak Zeidan

158. Viability Testof Lemongrass Extract (Cymbopogon Citratus) on BHK-21 Fibroblast Cell Culture ....................820Shafira Kurnia Supandi, Yoshua Christian Michael, Lambang Bargowo

159. Understanding Neonatal Death in Urban Area in Indonesia .................................................................................825Agung Dwi Laksono, Ratna Dwi Wulandari

XII

160. The Effect of Soot Particulate towards Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1) Expression in the Mechanism of Cardiovascular System Disruption ....................................................................................................................830Edmond Leonard, Muhammad Aminuddin

161. Factors Affecting Uric Acid Changes in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Who Received Oral Anti Tuberculosis Therapy During One Month ..................................................................................................................................836Dedy Sasongko, Helmia Hasan

162. Correlation of Sleep Quality and Anxiety with Pain Intensity in Primary Headache Patients..............................843Erdi Khalida Putra, Moh. Hasan Machfoed

163. ARM Diagnosis with Distal Colostography on Anorectal Malformations ...........................................................848Naely Rahma, Bambang Soeprijanto

164. Degree of Disease Acceptance and Health Seeking Behaviors for Type 2 Diabetic Patients at Diabetic Center in Hilla City ...............................................................................................................................................................853Mohammed Malih Radhi

Medico-legal Update, April-June 2020, Vol. 20, No. 2 1

A Study to Assess Depression, Anxiety, Loneliness and Internet Addiction among College Students Using Internet in

Selected College, Chennai

A. Preetha1, D. Princy Petrishiya1, L. Praveen1,K. Praveen Kumar1, M. Kalaivani1, Rogina J.S. Savarimuthu2

1B.Sc., Nursing IIIrd Year Students, Chettinad College of Nursing, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, India, 2R.N.R.M., M.Sc.(N) (Psychiatry), M.S. (Psychotherapy

& Counselling), M.Sc. (Psychology), CAFÉ, Professor & HOD Mental Health Nursing Department, Chettinad College of Nursing, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Kancheepuram District,

Tamil Nadu, India

AbstractA study to assess depression, anxiety, loneliness and internet addiction among college students using internet in selected colleges, Chennai. Majority of the participants were males, were 20 years old, residing in urban community, used their mobile for internet services, used internet first time in the school, spent more than 4 hrs/day on internet, spend Rs. 300/- per month and use the internet for study, online purchase,whats app & face book, you tube. Majority of the participants had mild level of internet addiction. Equal number of participants had mild, borderline and moderate level of depression (16.3% each). Minority of them reported extreme depression. Majority of the participants had mild anxiety and minority had severe anxiety. Majority of the participants had mild level of loneliness and minority had moderate level of loneliness. Source of internet, browsing duration/day and amount spent for the internet are significantly associated with internet addiction. Browsing duration/day is significantly associated with depression.

Keywords: Depression, anxiety, loneliness, internet addiction.

Corresponding Author: A. Preetha B.Sc., Nursing IIIrd Year, Chettinad College of Nursing, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu e-mail: [email protected]

IntroductionInternet is an exciting new medium that is evolved

as an essential part of everyday humans life all over the developing state, country and world. It has opened a domain to social interactivity with the promise increasing efficiency and worldwide understanding. Though device primarily facilitates research, information seeking interpersonal communication and business interaction, for some internet users its has become the central focus for their lives and a temptation that is hard to resist.

There has been an uncontrolled growth in the use of internet not only in India but also worldwide. Internet has become the most essential part of our daily life.(1) It is being used extensively throughout the world, especially among adolescents and youth. It has become a problematic use and also associated with various psychological and physical symptoms. Internet is used for education, entertainment, social networking and information sharing.(2)

Statement of the Problem: Assessment of depression, anxiety, loneliness and internet addiction among college students using internet in selected colleges, Chennai

Objectives:

• To assess depression, anxiety, loneliness and internet addiction among college students using internet in selected colleges in Chennai.

2 Medico-legal Update, April-June 2020, Vol. 20, No. 2

• To associate depression, anxiety, loneliness and internet addiction among college students using internet with their demographic variables.

Materials and MethodResearch Approach: A descriptive approach was

considered appropriate for the study.

Research Design: The research design chosen for the study was non experimental descriptive research design.

Research Setting: The study was conducted in a private university, Chennai.

Population: The population of the present study includes adolescents age about 18 to 22 years were studying in vels university.

Sample: Third year students of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) and Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE).

Sample Size: Sample size was calculated using the formula n = 4pq/d2 (p = 82.47%). The sample size was 98.

Sampling Technique: Convenient sampling technique will be used.

Sampling Criteria:

Inclusion Criteria:

• Samples between the age group of 18 to 22 years.

• Willing to participate in the study.

• Able to understand and speak Tamil or English.

• Available at the time of data collection.

Study Instruments: Demographic data, Beck’s Depression Inventory, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment, Original Internet Addiction Test(IAT) and Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale.

Data Collection Procedure: The investigators questionnaires to the sample. The sample were instructed to fill the data. Each sample will take 30 minutes for completion of their data.

Findings: Majority of the participants were males (66.3%), age 20 years old (51.0%), residing in urban community (87.8%), used their mobile for internet services (71.4%), used internet first time in the school (39.8%), spent more than 4 hrs/day on internet (59.2%),

spend Rs. 300/- per month (40.8%) and use the internet for study, online purchase, whats app & face book, you tube (42.9%).

Majority of the participants had mild level of internet addiction (43.9%) and 36.7% had moderate level of internet addiction. Majority of the participants did not have depression (33.7%). Equal number of participants had mild, borderline and moderate level of depression (16.3% each). 13.3% reported severe depression and 4.2% extreme depression. Majority of the participants had mild anxiety (37.8%). 31.6% had no anxiety. 28.6% had moderate anxiety and 2% had severe anxiety. Majority of the participants had mild level of loneliness (75.5%) and minority had moderate level of loneliness (4.1%). Source of internet, browsing duration/day and amount spent for the internet are significantly associated with internet addiction (p=.031, .005, .017 respectively). Browsing duration/day is significantly associated with depression (p=.023).

DiscussionMajority of the participants had internet addiction,

had depression, anxiety and loneliness. Similar findings were reported in the earlier studies.3,4,5,6

ConclusionInternet is a useful media which has to be used with

caution has it can lead to be an addiction.

Conflict of Interest: Nil

Source of Funding: Self

Ethical Clearance: Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Institutional Human Ethics Committee on 04-02-2019.

Reference1. Sachin R Gedam, santanu ghosh, lipsy modi.

study of internet addiction prevalence, pattern and psychopathology among health professional undergraduates, 4th ed. Maharastra, India: Sachin R gedam; 2017.

2. Arvind goyal, Sachin R gedam, Himanshu Mansharamani. study of intenret addiction pattern and psychopathology among health professional undergraduates, 4th ed. Maharastra, India: Sachin R gedam; 2017.


3. Ganesh A. Self-Reported Behaviour about Internet Addiction among Medical and Paramedical Students. Journal Of Clinical And Diagnostic Research. 2017; 11(10).

4. Bahrainian S, Alizadeh K, Raeisoon M, Gorji O, Khazaee A. Relationship of Internet addiction with self-esteem and depression in university students. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene. 2014;55(3):86–89.

5. Musarrat A. The Relationship between Internet

Addiction and Anxiety among students of University of Sargodha. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science. 2014;4(1):288-292.

6. Sharifpoor E, Khademi M, Mohammadzadeh A. Relationship of Internet Addiction with Loneliness and Depression among High School Students [Internet]. 2017 [cited 3 July 2019]. Available from: http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.ijpbs.20170704.01.html


Early Identification of Proteinuria by Using Urine Dipstick among Patients with Type II Diabetes in Selected Community

Area, Kanchipuram Dist., Tamil Nadu, India

A. Sharli Praba1, J. Sangeetha1, G. Divakar1, V. Shalini1, Radhiga2

1B.Sc. Nursing IV Year Student, 2Prof. Guide, M.Sc. Nursing, Professor, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Chettinad College of Nursing, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kelambakkam,

Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India

AbstractEarly identification of Proteinuria by using urine dipstick among patients with Type II Diabetes in Selected Community Area, Kanchipuram Dist, Tamil Nadu, India. The objectives of the study to assess the Proteinuria by using urine dipstick among Patients with Type II Diabetes. To find out the association between level of Proteinuria with selected demographic variables among Patients with Type II Diabetes.. The sampling technique was non probability- purposive sample technique and the sample size was 200. The demographic variable proforma and the random urine dipstick analysis were done to identify the prevalence of proteinuria. The interpretations were nil, trace, 1+, 2+ and 3+.. Hypothesis were formulated. The level of significance selected was p


also, as an indicator of insulin resistance and of the increased renal and cardiovascular risk associated with metabolic syndrome. Renal involvement is a pivotal development in diabetes and microalbuminuria is generally the first clinical sign of renal dysfunction in diabetics. It is demonstrated that cardiovascular and renal risk is elevated even in the high normal range of microalbuminuria (below 30 mg/day). There is no doubt that therapies that prevent or delay the development of microalbuminuria and all measures that reduce it, may help to prevent or delay end organ damage (5).

In developing countries like India, the cost of doing an albumin-to-creatinine ratio in a random sample is $5.60 U.S. (INR 250), while 100 patients can be screened for albuminuria by a dipstick at the cost of $9.80 U.S. (INR 439). A repeat test is, however, essential in positive cases to ascertain the presence of microalbuminuria or proteinuria. The cost efficiency and the high sensitivity and specificity of the urine dipstick test will encourage its use among primary care physicians and private practitioners as a diagnostic tool for microalbuminuria and proteinuria. This would initiate the first step toward detection of incipient diabetic nephropathy in developing countries.(6)

Vilas U. Chavan et al (2010) were conduted A Comparative Study Of Clinical Utility of Spot Urine Samples with 24-h urine albumin excretion for screening of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients. He suggested that a higher proportion of individuals with type 2 diabetes are found to have microalbuminuria and overt nephropathy shortly after the diagnosis of their diabetes (3).

Need for the Study: Diabetes is widely recognized as an emerging epidemic that has a cumulative impact on almost every country, age group and economy across the world. According to the International Diabetes Federation, in 2015, approximately 415 million people were suffering from diabetes worldwide and this number is expected to exceed 640 million by the year 2040. It is estimated that half of patients with diabetes are unaware of their disease and are thus more prone to developing diabetic complications. However, the cost of dealing with diabetes can be unaffordable in terms of money spent and lives lost. In 2015, approximately 5.0 million deaths were attributed to diabetes, albeit in the same year, more than 12% of the global health expenditure was dedicated to coping with the disease and its complications. Diabetes complications are common among patients with type 1

or type 2 diabetes but, at the same time, are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality(2).

The chronic complications of diabetes are broadly divided into microvascular and macrovascular, with the former having much higher prevalence than the latter. Microvascular complications include neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy, while macrovascular complications consist of cardiovascular disease, stroke and peripheral artery disease (PAD)(4). Diabetic foot syndrome has been defined as the presence of foot ulcer associated with neuropathy, PAD and infection and it is a major cause of lower limb amputation. Finally, there are other complications of diabetes that cannot be included in the two aforementioned categories such as dental disease, reduced resistance to infections and birth complications among women with gestational diabetes.

Statement of the Problem: Early identification of Proteinuria by using urine dipstick among patients with Type II Diabetes in Selected Community Area, Kanchipuram Dist, Tamil Nadu, India.

Objectives:

• To assess the Proteinuria by using urine dipstick among Patients with Type II Diabetes.

• To find out the association between level of Proteinuria with selected demographic variables among Patients with Type II Diabetes.

Operational Definition:

Urine Dipstick Test: A urine test strip or dipstick test is a basic diagnostic tool used to determine pathological changes in a patient’s. These strips are a fast and easy means to testing one’s urine sample. In this study, Micral dipstick test is used to identify the proteinuria.

Proteinuria: The presence of abnormal quantities of protein in the urine, which may indicate damage to the kidneys.

Type II Diabetic Mellitus: Diabetes mellitus type 2 (also known as type 2 diabetes) is a long-term metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance and relative lack of insulin. Type 2 diabetes primarily occurs as a result of obesity and lack of exercise.


Early Identification: To recognize a problem, need, fact, etc. and to show that it exists.

Research MethodologyA quantitative approach with descriptive design

was used in study. The study was conducted among type II diabetes patients in poonjeri. A Convenient sampling technique was used to select 200 samples with the following inclusion criteria. Patient who all are having diabetes more than three years, who are all present during data collection, who are able to read and understand English and Tamil. The data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Data Collection Procedure: The study was conducted in Poonjeri after the written permission from the authorities, 200 Samples were selected, using convenient sampling technique who are willing to participate to study. The objective of the study was explained and informed consent was obtained from the samples. Demographic data were obtained from each sample and random urine sample was collected to identify proteinuria by using urine dipstick test. The investigator thanked the participants for their cooperation throughout the data collection period.

Plan for Data Analysis: The data of the present study was planned to be analyzed based on specific objectives. The data obtained from 200 samples were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics as follows.

Descriptive statistical method such as frequency and percentage was used for describing demographic variables.

The association between the level of prevalence of proteinuria among type II diabetes patients with the selected demographic variables was analyzed by inferential statistical method (i.e.) Chi square test.

Results and DiscussionThe discussion is presented as follows:

1. Frequency and percentage distribution of demographic variables among type II diabetes patients.

2. Frequency and percentage distribution of level of proteinuria among type II diabetes patients.

3. Association between demographic variables with level of prevalence of proteinuria among type II diabetes patients

1. Frequency and percentage distribution of demographic variables among type II diabetes patients: The study showed that most of the patients were in the age group of 51-60 years. Majority of them (93%) were belongs to married. Majority (27%) of the patients were having diabetes for about 10 years. (43%) of the patients were earning monthly income as 5,000-10,000. Majority (55.5%) of the patients are having family history of diabetic mellitus. And the table shows that most of the patients were in the group of no unhealthy habits about 47.5%. Most of the patients (37%) were non literature. Majority (39%) of the patients were sedentary workers. Majority of the patients were belongs to (44%) 250-300 mg/dl of previous blood sugar test level. (93.5%) were taking to mixed diet.

2. Frequency and percentage distribution of level of proteinuria among type II diabetes patients

S.No. Level of Proteinuria Frequency Percentage1 Nil 94 47%2 Trace 77 38.5%3 1+ 24 12%4 2++ 3 1.5%5 3+++ 2 1%

Table 1: Shows that the majority of patients (47%) were not having proteinuria. Then (38.5%) were having trace, (12%) of patients having 1+, (1.5%) having 2+ and (1%) patients were having 3+ of proteinuria.

3. Association between demographic variables with level of prevalence of proteinuria among type II diabetes patients: Demographic variables like age X2=8.4120, educational status X2=6.8901, monthly income X2=10.9762, occupational status X2=4.9031, history of diabetes X2=12.14, previous blood glucose level X2=0.9876, family history X2=5.1056, unhealthy habits X2=10.74 were non significant to p0.05 with the level of prevalence of proteinuria among type II diabetes patients.

ConclusionA study to assess the knowledge on maternal and

child Health services among women in reproductive age group in mahabalipuram, Kanchipuram District,


Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 200 samples were selected by using convenient sampling technique. The level of proteinuria was assessed from random urine sample by using urine dipstick. The collected data were analyzed by using the descriptive statistic and inferential method. The study showed that majority of patients (47%) were not having proteinuria. Then (38.5%) were having trace, (12%) of patients having 1+, (1.5%) having 2+ and (1%) patients were having 3+ of proteinuria.

Ethical Clearance: In this study researchers have got prior permission to conduct the study and got informed consent from each participant. We ensured that no physical harm to the samples. Confidentiality maintained.

Source of Funding: Self funding.


References1. Adler AI, Stevens RJ, Manley SE, Bilous RW,

Cull CA, Holman RR, et al. Development and progression of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes:

The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS 64) Kidney Int. 2003;63:225–32. [PubMed]

2. Mogensen CE. Microalbuminuria predicts clinical proteinuria and early mortality in maturity-onset diabetes. N Engl J Med. 1984;310:356–60. [PubMed

3. Reutens AT, Prentice L, Atkins R. The epidemiology of diabetic kidney disease. In: Ekoe J, editor. The Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus. 2nd ed. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2008. pp. 499–518.

4. Sarika A. Renal function in diabetic nephropathy. World J Diabetes. 2010; 1:48–56. [PMC free article] [PubMed]

5. Viberti GC, Hill RD, Jarrett RJ, Argyropoulos A, Mahmud U, Keen H. Microalbuminuria as a predictor of clinical nephropathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Lancet. 1982; 1:1430–2. [PubMed]

6. Vrhovac B, Jakšić B, Reiner Ž, Vucelić B. Interna Medicina. Zagreb: Republic of Croatia; 2008. pp. 1258–9.


Assess the Prevalence and Identify the Risk Factors of Hypertension among Adults Residency in a Selected Rural

Community, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India

Ajeeth R.1, Deva Asser1, Anusuya R.1, Hari Priya S.1, Sangeeswari1, Shanmuga Sundaram1, Lakshmi L.2

1IV Year B.Sc. Nursing, 2Professor, Department of Community Health Nursing, Chettiand College of Nursing, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Kanchipuram, District, Tamil Nadu, India

AbstractA study to assess the prevalence and the risk factors of hypertension among adults residing in a selected rural community, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu. The objectives were to assess the prevalence of hypertension among adults and to find out the association between the selected demographic variables and the risk factors for hypertension. A Sample of 30 adults who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected for the study. An extensive review of literature and guidance by experts formed the foundation to the development of the study. The data collection tool was validated & reliability was established. The data collection for the study was done. The collect data was tabulated and analyzed. The prevalence of rate of hypertension was 30. In that, 20% were males and 10% were Females. The association between the demographic variables like Obesity, Excessive salt intake,Alcoholism,Smoking,Physical Inactivity was related with the risk factors for hypertension among adults. It showed that there was a significant difference between the risk factor with a Age-28.2, Education-22.14, Family status-14.44 and there was no significant difference the risk factors with Sex-8.59, Dietary Pattern-9.89 at the P value


MethodologyA Descriptive research approach with Non

experimental descriptive design. The Study conducted in Community area in Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu. The target population is adult’s age of 25-65 years. The accessible population in the present study will be adults

who are suffering from Hypertension in a selected area in Kanchipuram District Tamil Nadu. Non Probability-purposive sampling technique will be adopted for this study. Adults who have age above 25-65 years who full fill the inclusion criteria.

ResultsSection-A: To assess the prevalence of hypertension among adults.

Section-B: To find out association between the selected demographic variables such as Age, Sex, Education,Dietary Pattern, Family Status and the risk factors for hypertension.

The study revealed that to assess the prevalence of hypertension among adults. 30% was the prevalence of hypertension 20% was Males. 10% was Females. The study findings revealed that the study was to find out the association of demographic variables such as Age, Sex, Education, Dietary pattern, Family Status & Risk factors among adults,The finding shows that the x2 value of Age is 28.2 The finding shows that the x2 value of Sex is 8.59. The finding shows that the x2 value of Educational Status is 22.14 The finding shows that the x2 value of Family Status is 14.44. The finding shows that the x2 value of Dietary Pattern is 9.89. The study revealed that there was significant association of demographic variables such as Age, Sex, Education, Dietary pattern, Family Status of Risk factors among adults. The p value is less than x2 value 0.05 which makes the significant. The p value is More than x2 value 0.05 which makes the Non significant.

DiscussionWe have conducted a research topic on A study to

assess the prevalence and the risk factors of hypertension among adults residing in a selected rural community, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu. The total population in the rural community is 50. The prevalence of rate of hypertension is 30. In that 80% male and 20% Female. The association between the demographic variables such as Age, Sex, Education, Dietary pattern, Family Status was related with the risk factors for hypertension among adults. It is showed there is significant difference between the risk factor with Age-28.2, Education 22.14, Family status-14.44 and there is No significant difference between the risk factor with Sex 8.59, Dietary pattern 9.89 at the P value


Source of Funding: Nil

Ethical Consideration: Chettinad Academy of Research and Education,Institution Human Ethics Committee


Reference1. Donna D. Ignatavicicus, Kathy A. Hausman.,

Medical Surgical Nursing across the Health Continum, 3rd edition., Philadelphia,WBSaunder’s Company, 1999, P.No 110-115.

2. Joyce M. Black, Jane HokansonHowks., Medical Surgical Nursing 7th edition., St. Louis, Saunder’s Publications, 2005, P.No: 1000-1003.

3. Shyamala D. Manivannan,Text book of Community Health Nursing-I, 1st edition, CBS Publisher, 2017, P.No 220.

4. Prem Sharma, Introduction to Sociology,2nd edition, Lotus Publisher,2012,P.No 123

5. K. Park, Park’s Textbook of Preventive and social medicine,23rd Edition, Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers, 2015, P.No 52.


A Cross Sectional Study of Deaths Due to Poisoning: Autopsied at a Tertiary Care Centre: Davangere

Anand Patil1, Tasgaonkar V.N.1, Vijayakumar B. Jatti2

1Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic medicine and Toxicology, BVDUMC & H, Sangli, Maharashtra,2Professor & Head, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, SSIMS & RC, Davangere. Karnataka

AbstractPoisoning is an important health problem in every country of the world. Occupational exposure to industrial chemicals and pesticides, accidental or intentional exposure to household and pharmaceutical products and poisoning due to venomous animals, Toxic plants and food contamination, all contribute to morbidity and mortality. Poison is a substance that being soluble in the blood either destroys life or impairs seriously the functions of one or more organs of the body. Poison can be defined as, a substance (solid, liquid or gas) which if introduced in a living body or brought in contact with any part thereof will produced ill health or death by its constitutional or local effects or both.1 Due to rapid development in the field of science and technology and vast growth in the industrial and agricultural sector, the poisoning is spreading like a wild fire. Poisoning is a medical emergency and the patients are invariably admitted to the hospital through emergency services. The poisoning may be suicidal, accidental or homicidal. With this background, the present study has been carried out to determine the profile of poisoning cases, autopsied at SSIMS & RC, Davangere, Karnataka. The study revealed that victims of rural population (68.9%) are highest among the habitation, followed by urban population. Most of the victims are married people (63.9%). Most of the victims were educated with matriculation (62.3%). Most of the poisoning cases are seen in Hindu religion (91.8%). Most of the cases were seen in winter season (42.6%) and in most of the cases the victims has consumed the poison at home (83.9%).

Keywords: Autopsy, FSL Report and Poisoning.

Corresponding Author: Dr. Vijay N. Tasgaonkar Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, BVDUMC & H, SANGLI, Maharashtra e-mail: [email protected] Tel. +919869158783

IntroductionAnnually it has been estimated that the health

hazards are directly or in directly due to poisons is for more than 1 million illnesses worldwide and this could be just the tip of the iceberg as most of the cases of poisoning actually go unreported and untreated, especially in developing and underdeveloped countries.2

The incidence of poisonings is increasing day by day because of its low cost, easily availability without any check on their sales and irregularity in distribution. However, the magnitude of the problem, the circumstances of exposure and the types of poisoning vary from country to country and it also varies from region to region. The variables include the degree of industrialization and urbanization, the type of agricultural activities and the available medical facilities and expertise to prevent and manage toxic exposures.

With this background present study has been conducted to assess the most prevalent habituation involved. And also to find out the marital status, educational status, religion, seasonal variation, place of consumption and to know the consumed poison was known or unknown in deaths due to poisoning cases, autopsied at SSIMS & RC, Davangere, Karnataka.


Materials and MethodAll the cases brought to the department of Forensic

Medicine and Toxicology, SSIMS and RC, Davangere, for medico legal autopsy with history of poisoning and cases that were diagnosed as poisoning after post mortem examination during the period of one and half year, from November 2013 to March 2015. Total 61 cases were selected for this prospective study.

The present study has been carried out after obtaining the ethical clearance and consent from the relatives to take the relevant information.

In all cases of poisoning the detailed history and information were collected from the police and the relatives of the deceased questionnaire and post mortem findings were analyzed with the chemical analysis reports. In case of hospital admitted and treated cases the information’s were collected by the perusal of hospital records. The cases of food poisoning, snake bite and any other insect bite envenomation and deaths due to idiosyncratic reaction to the drugs were excluded from the study group. Meticulous autopsy was done in all cases and the routine viscera and body fluids were collected and sent to Forensic Science Laboratory for Chemical analysis and report.

ResultsTotal 61 cases were selected for the present study

and the following observations were made. It is observed that more number of poisoning in this study population is seen with the residence of rural (69%) as compare to the residence of urban (31%).

Table 1: Distribution of study population according to habitation.

Rural/Urban Frequency Percent (%)Rural 42 68.9Urban 19 31.1Total 61 100.0

From the above graph it is observed that more number of poisoning cases were seen in the married group (64%), followed by unmarried group (34%) and the least percentage seen in the divorced group (2%).

From the above study it is observed that more number of poisoning cases in the present study population were seen among matriculates (62%) as compare to others and least numbers of cases were seen in the postgraduates

group (1.6%) and the least being the illiterates (1.6%).

Table 2: Distribution of the study population according to Marital Status.

Marital Status Frequency Percent (%)Divorced 1 1.6Married 39 63.9Unmarried 21 34.4Total 61 100.0

Table 3: Distribution of the study population according to Educational status.

Educational Status Frequency Percent (%)Illiterate 1 1.6Under-Matriculate 17 27.9Matriculate 38 62.3Graduate 4 6.6Post-graduate 1 1.6Total 61 100.0

From the above study among the religion, it is observed that more number of cases in the present study population were seen among Hindu (92%) population as compare to Muslim (8%) population.

Table 4: Distribution of the study population according to religion.

Religion Frequency Percent (%)Hindu 56 91.8Muslim 5 8.2Total 61 100.0

It is observed that more number of cases in the present study population among the seasonal variations were seen in winter season (43%), followed by rainy season (33%) and summer season (24%).

Table 5: Distribution of the study population according to Seasonal Variation

Seasonal Variation Frequency Percent (%)Summer 15 24.6Rainy 20 32.8Winter 26 42.6Total 61 100

From the above study it is obtained that in more number of cases among present study population people have consume poison at home (84%), followed by other places (6%), work place (5%) and remote area (5%).


Table 6: Distribution of the study population according to place of consumption.

Place of Consumption Frequency Percent (%)Home 51 83.6Workplace 3 4.9Remote areas 3 4.9Other places 4 6.6Total 61 100

DiscussionIn a study done by Gupta B D and Vaghela PC on

132 autopsied poisoning cases in the Dept. of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, MP Shah Medical College, Jamnagar during the span of one year have shown that majority of victims were married, Hindu and rural population.11 Our study correlates with the above mentioned findings.3

Vishwajeet Pawar and others did a study at Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram during the period May 2007 to April 2009. During this study maximum poisoning cases belong to rural area and married people.4 These findings were agreement with the present study.

A study done by Sanjeev K and others in the department of Forensic Medicine at Rajkot (Gujarat) to know the pattern of fatal poisoning. Total 208 cases of death due to fatal poisoning were selected for this prospective study, which were brought for postmortem examination during the span of one year (From January 2007 to December 2007). Study revealed that most of the victims of fatal poisoning were Hindus and married population5. Our study correlates with the above mentioned findings.

Vikram Palimar, & Prateek Rastogi has conducted a study on profile of insecticide mortality by retrospective review of poisoning cases autopsied at Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Of the total 1917 autopsies conducted, 372 cases were due to poisoning, of which 287 cases were due to insecticides with a predominance of organophosphates. Majority of the victims were belonged to rural areas. These cases were more during the winter season and indoor consumption of the poison was observed in more than three-fourth of the cases.6 these findings were in agreement with the present study.

One more study on the poisoning trends undertaken for 2 years at Malwa region, Punjab showed that

incidence of poisoning was more amongst married (68%) as compared to unmarried (32%), residing in rural (64%) as compared to urban area (36%). Incidence of poisoning was more among under-matriculates (43%) followed by illiterates (37%) and literates (14%).7our study correlates with the above mentioned findings.

A 6 years study conducted at Government Medical College, Chandigarh from 1994-1999 revealed that rural preponderance (66.9%) was more compared to urban (33.1%) areas.8These findings were in agreement with the present study.

A study Of the 285 cases of poisoning studied at SRN Hospital, Allahabad it was seen that majority of death being more among the Hindus (84.91%) followed by Muslim (12.63%) having rural background.9 These findings are in agreement with the above study.

It was observed that of the 117 cases of organophosphorus poisoning brought to the mortuary of Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal from the year 1999-2001 revealed that married people were affected more than the unmarried. Incidence of poisoning was more in people with rural background and maximum number of deaths were seen in illiterates.10 So these findings are in agreement with the above study.

ConclusionFrom the above study conducted on 61 cases of

poisoning, autopsied at SSIMS & RC, Davangere, following conclusions were drawn, most of the victims were of rural population (68.9%) among the habitation, followed by urban population. Most of the victims are married people (63.9%). Most of the victims were educated with matriculation (62.3%). Most of the poisoning cases are seen in Hindu religion (91.8%). Most of the cases were seen in winter season (42.6%) and in most of the cases the victims has consumed the poison at home (83.9%).


Source of Funding: Self

References1. Reddy KSN: The essentials of forensic medicine

and Toxicology. 32nd ed, Hyderabad: sugunadevi; 2013: 498.

2. Pillay VV, Modern Medical Toxicology. 4th ED, Jaypee brothers medical publishers (P) Ltd, 2013: 3-4.


3. Gupta BD, Vagehla PC, Profile of fatal poisoning in and around Jamnagar. JIAFM 2005:27(3):145-8.

4. Pawar V, Pankaj M, Bipinchandra T. Trends of poisoning cases at a Medical college and hospital in central Indian during the period of may 2007- April 2009; Journal of Forensic Medicine, Science and Law. Official Publication of Medicolegal Association of Maharashtra. 20(1);2-23.

5. Kumar S, Pathak A and Mangal HM. Trends of Fatal Poisoning In Saurashtra Region of Gujarat. JIAFM 2011; 33(3):197-9.

6. Palimar V, Rastogi P. Mortality due to insecticide poisoning: A retrospective postmortem study. Journal of South India Medicolegal Association. 2011:3(2): 50-2.

7. Singh K, Oberoi. S.S, Bhullar. D.S. “Poisoning

Trends In The Malwa Region Of Punjab”. Journal of Punjab Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2003; 3:26-29.

8. Adarsh Kumar, Krishan Vij. “Trends of Poisoning in Chandigarh-A Six Year Autopsy Study”. Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2001; 18(1): 8-11.

9. Sinha US, Kapoor AK, Agnihotri, Srivastava PC. “A Profile of Poisoning cases Admitted In SRN Hospital,Allahabad With Special Reference To Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning”, Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 1999; 16 (1):-40-42.

10. Nigam M, Jain A K, Dubey. B.P,Sharma. V.K. “Trends Of Organophosphorus Poisoning In Bhopal Region An Autopsy Based Study”. Journal of Indian Forensic Medicine, 2004; 26 (2):62-65.


Pattern of Medico-Legal Cases in a Tertiary Care Centre at Sangli, Maharashtra: A Retrospective Study

Anand Patil1, Vijay N. Tasgaonkar1, Dileep Kumar R.2, Rakesh M. Marigoudar3

1Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, BVDUMC & H, Sangli, 2Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Tumkur, 3Assistant Professor,

Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, SSIMS & RC, Davangere

AbstractA medico-legal case is the one where besides the medical treatment; investigations by law enforcing agencies are essential to fix the responsibility regarding the present state/condition of the patient. Medico-legal cases therefore have both medical and legal implications. Medico-legal cases are an integral part of medical practice that is frequently encountered by medical officers working in casualty. The casualty department is a backbone of every hospital because apart from medical emergencies, it also deals with the medico-legal cases. The study was conducted in a retrospective manner and all the medico-legal cases which came to the emergency department of the BVDU & MC hospital during January 2018 to December 2018 were studied. The study revealed that majority of the victims in this study population was males (70.99%) as compare to females (29.01%). Most of the victims were belonging to younger age group (21-30 years). Highest numbers of victims in the study population were Hindus (86.82%) and belonged to rural area (72.75%). Road traffic accident cases (40.22%) were highest in number among all registered medico-legal cases.

Keywords: Casualty, Tertiary care centre, Medico-legal cases, Road traffic accidents and Poisoning.

Corresponding Author: Dr. Vijay N. Tasgaonkar Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, BVDUMC & H, Sangli e-mail: [email protected] Tel. +919869158783

IntroductionGenerally doctor has two duties, medical and medico-

legal. It is true in Indian context also. Cases coming to hospital are made “medico-legal” on various grounds. These ground, though follow same general principles in most parts of the world, may differ country to country as per the laws of the land.1 It is the responsibility of a registered medical practitioner to judge each and every case properly and in doubtful cases, it is mandatory to inform the police as required by law. This saves the doctor from unnecessary and needless allegations later.2 A medico legal case (MLC) is a case of injury or illness where attending doctor after eliciting, listing and

examining patient; is of opinion that some investigation by law en

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