Volume IV Number 27 May 2009

Heavy-Duty

NG HDVs made inAsian OEMs

Business Alerts

New countries toadopt NGVs

Singapore to open world’sbiggest CNG station

May 20092

Summary04 Oil price increased, confidence in

NGV business is yet to grow

Oil and Gas.The price differencebetween gasoline/diesel and CNG isexpected to increase soon. In earlyApril, US crude oil benchmark price ...

16The previously reported biggest CNGstation to be built in Old Toh Tuck Roadoff Bukit Timah in Singapore, is nowplanned to be the world’s largest ...

20

22 Fuel demand and sales of CNGkits in Pakistan

24 Bangladesh to procure thousandsof CNG kits and cylinders

26 Business Alert from Macau,Syria, and Vietnam

29 From other region: BusinessAlert from Tanzania

30 Australian fuel tax adjustments

32 Heavy-Duty NGVs made in Asia

34 Busines CentreLNG as alternative fuel

Copies Distribution

Pune’s CNG pipeline to start inJuly

Asian NGV Communications is a publicationof NGV Communications Group, publishinghouse and fairs-conferences organizer: www.ngvgroup.comIn Europe, we print The Gas Vehicles Report,GVR, and www.ngvguide.com, theInternational NGV Guide. In Argentina, the Group publishes PrensaVehicular, Argentine CNG Guide, maps,books and brochures while in Brazil, Folhado GNV, Brazilian NGV Guide, maps andposters, among others. In Peru PrensaVehicular Peru. More info: www.ngvgroup.comThe signed articles are exclusive responsibility ofthe authors, as well as advertising companies andagencies are responsible for the published ads.

300-5, Changchon-Ri ■ Namsan-MyunChuncheon-Si ■ Kangwon-Do ■ 200-911 Tel. and fax.: +82 33 260 3419

+31 20 420 1076asia@ngvgroup.com ■ www.asiangv.com

Vicolo Gonzaga 13 ■ 46045 Marmirolo (Mn)Tel.: +39 0376 294055info@thegvr.com ■ www.thegvr.com

Uspallata 711 ■ CP 1268 ■ Capital FederalTel./Fax: +54 11 43074559 /5201/ 43006137 info@prensavehicular.comwww.prensavehicular.com

is member of the ANGVA (Asia Pacific NGV Association)

20 Experiences from Heavy-Duty NGV fleets

Experience from a well-known dual-fuelLNG/CNG HD trucks operator forlong–distance haulage showed that theonly extra maintenance costs in ...

We print and mail to 24countries about 4.000 copiesaddressed to governmental relat-ed offices, OEM and Oil & Gascompanies, associations, related NGV indus-tries, refuelling stations,workshops and suppliers,according the following list (somefigures rounded):Armenia: 0.3%Australia: 4.1%Azerbaijan: 0.2%Bangladesh: 5.0%China: 10.9%Egypt: 1.9%India: 9.5%

Indonesia: 1.6%Iran: 7.0%Israel: 0.1%Japan: 10.2%Korea: 5.1%Malaysia: 6.6%Myanmar: 0.5%New Zealand: 1.0%Pakistan: 11.4%Philippines: 3.6%Russia:4.3%Singapore: 3.1%Taiwan: 0.2%Thailand: 5.8%Turkey: 5.5%United Arab Emirates: 2.1%Vietnam: 0.1%

In addition, the magazine issent to over 19.300 readersin 94 countries

by e-mail (.pdf) and is also onlinein www.ngvgroup.comIf your NGV business is in Asia,advertise with us.

Asian NGV Communications300-14, Changchon-Ri,Namsan-Myun, Chuncheon-Si, Kangwon-Do,200-911 KOREATel : +31 20 420 1076Tel : +82 33 260 3419e-mail: asia@ngvgroup.com

Av. Brasil 3222 oficina 403 - AMagdalena del Mar - RUC: 20513085576CP: Lima 17- peru@prensavehicular.co

PERU

KOREA

ITALY

ARGENTINA

BRASIL

Av. Rio Branco, 131 Sala 1.701CEP: 20040-006 Rio de Janeiro - RJTel: + (55 21) 2244-7537info@folhadognv.com ■ www.folhadognv.com

Printed: Rigraph S.R.L.• Constitución 4, 28.511 Madrid - España• Tilcara 3.146, Buenos Aires

Procurement of a major CNG stationand additional taxi fleet for Singapore

May 20094

Oil and GasThe price difference between gasoline/dieseland CNG is expected to increase soon. Inearly April, US crude oil benchmark price onthe New York Mercantile Exchange for theMay contract increased to 52.64 USD/bluebarrel (bbl) and to 54.52 USD/bbl for theJune contract. The recent prices were higherthan the acceptable 2009 level expected bythe OPEC at 50 USD/bbl. These happenedafter the countries of the G20 summit-- ofthe world's largest economies plus representatives from the European Union--decided to offer 1 trillion USD fund via theInternational Monetary Fund and other institutions to ease the global economic crisis. However, lower oil stock level and aflat time structure is needed to ensure a sustained oil price recovery above 55USD/bbl, said Olivier Jakob from Petromatrixin Switzerland.

In the gas sector, Dubai Multi CommoditiesCentre (DMCC) has announced its plan todevelop the emirate into a trading hub forLNG and to build a storage centre. Aspresently high volume LNG trading from theGulf –Qatar, Abu Dhabi and Oman—to Asiais not covered by any trading centre, Dubaidecided to offer its service. Actually, Dubaiobtains the gas from Qatar, the world’sbiggest supplier of LNG. The imports are dueto start in the next two years. The three supplying countries are prepared to morethan double their annual exports to 77 milliontonnes by the end of 2010. John Roper, thevice president of German-based E.ONRuhrgas, said that LNG is now the vehicledriving growth in international gas trading.With the opening of the future LNG tradinghub in Dubai, NGV industry in the emiratecould benefit from it and might grow morerapidly.

BangladeshBangladesh Road Transport Corporation(BRTC) aims to enhance its state-run transport service and plans to obtain 400CNG buses. The Nordic Development Fundand the Economic Development CooperationFund will offer funding and credit for the procurement of those buses.

IndiaNGVs’ owners in Gurgaon city are happy todiscover that more CNG refueling stationswith direct gas supply from the pipelines withhigh gas pressure and quick filling systemare opened in Sectors 53 and 29. Buses andlarge commercial vehicles can also refuel in

these stations. Since the opening, gas salesdoubled to 6,000 kg within the first five days.Additionally, CNG price was trimmed downby Rs 3.50/kg to Rs 24/kg by the HaryanaGas Distribution Company Ltd (HGDCL). The price cut was made possible as gastransport cost—which was previously donevia mobile cascade and now by pipelines—was decreased. M S Khatkar, senior vice-president of HGDCL, said that the firmexpects further price reduction if the stategovernment exempts CNG from sales tax.Eight more plots have been allocated for theinstallation of more CNG stations in the city.According to Gurgaon Master Plan 2021, 25stations will be available to serve NGVs inthe area.

Meanwhile Gas Authority India Limited (GAIL)will invest Rs 10 billion to establish 2,000CNG stations to create CNG Quadrilateral inmajor national highways across the country.About 14 million standard cubic metre NGper day (mmscmd) would be availablethrough these stations, more than threetimes the current 3.7 mmscmd gas suppliedby the 400 CNG stations in India. Further,the Petroleum and Natural Gas RegulatoryBoard (PNGRB) informed that the number ofIndian cities that have CNG refueling facilitieswill increase from the current 30 to 250 by2018. By 2011, 84 cities would have citynatural gas operators, in which 64 citieswould have CNG refueling stations while therest would be under construction. During thepast year, NGV population was reported toincrease from almost 200,000 to 650,000although some industry stakeholders believethat the number is close to 750,000 units(including those vehicles yet to be registered).

In the vehicle sector, General Motors India(GMI) planned to launch CNG and LPG variants of its existing models apart from theChevrolet Optra CNG introduced in 2006.Mahindra-Renault recently introduced CNGversion of its leading model -Logan- in thedomestic market. The car is equipped with1.6 litre engine and 12 kg CNG cylinder withmaximum power 84.5 Bhp at 5500 rpm andmaximum torque 128 Nm at 3100 rpm.

Meanwhile the Society of Indian AutomobileManufacturers Association (SIAM) wasscheduled to conduct a pilot “test” project ofHCNG vehicles this May. During the trial test,the H2-CNG fuel mix will be used to powercommercial vehicles of Tata Motors,Mahindra, Ashok Leyland, Bajaj, and Eicher

across the 50,000km route in Delhi andFaridabad. The initial trials to run commercialvehicles on 5%-30% Hydrogen-CNG mixhave been done on vehicles made by AshokLeyland, Mahindra and Bajaj. From April next year, all buses in India willhave to meet Bharat Stage III and IV emission norms. To meet the future demand,Bosch, a European company, introducedCommon Rail injection system for high-endvehicles and advanced CNG technologysolutions for the Special Vehicle industry—forcommercial vehicles, which can also beapplied to vehicles in India. The CNG injection system is precise and micro-processor controlled.

PakistanAlthough the transfer of CNG bus fund tooperator of the proposed 500 buses (KarachiMass Transit Cell) is included in the nextbudget, the Rs 500 millions project is likelyto come to a stop if the ministry delays thepayment till June 2009, as reported byPakistan News Watch. The fund, however,has been transferred into the accounts ofministry of environment although the release of the fundto the KMTC was delayed.

The PhilippinesThe government is increasing its promotionof investments in renewable energy to loweroil import dependency. Since February 2009, the mandatory 5%ethanol blends for vehicles are available in273 gasoline stations nationwide. Meanwhile165 LPG refueling stations serve 13,886converted vehicles powered by LPG. So far,19 CNG buses have operated in Batangas,Laguna to Manila routes, facilitated by aCNG mother station in Tabangao, Batangasand a daughter station in Binan, Lagunasince April 2008.

ThailandAir Vice Marshal Vittaya Kaewwattana, theRoyal Thai Air Force, has purchased 6 HigerCNG City Buses from Italthai IndustrialCo.,Ltd., this first semester of 2009.

On the other hand, Thales (Thailand), supplier of electric ticketing for mass transportation systems, is interested in providing its contactless smart-card technology to 4,000 CNG buses in Bangkok.The card technology was designed to connect the existing electric train system toother possible lines provided by various railway suppliers or to other modes such ascity buses.

Oil price increased, confidence in NGVbusiness is yet to grow

May 20096

油价上涨，天然气汽车市场信心或将提振油与气

不久，汽油/柴油与天然气之间的价格差就将增大。在四月初期，美国纽约商品交易所的原油5月份合同的基准价格增至52.64

美元/桶，而6月份的合同价格为54.52美元/桶。近来的原油价格已经超过了欧佩克组织预测的2009年可接受的水平。这些恰

恰发生在20国峰会——世界最大经济体以及欧盟成员代表国—— 决定通过世界货币基金等机构拨付1万亿美元，

用于缓解世界经济危机。然而，瑞士Petromatrix公司的Olivier Jakob说， 若要保证原油价格持续保持在55美元/桶以上，

还需要较低的原油库存和一段过渡时期。

再看看天然气的情况。迪拜商品中心最近宣布了一个计划，要将阿拉伯联合酋长国发展成为液化天然气的交易中心并建立一

个储备中心。由于目前海湾国家——卡塔尔， 阿布扎比和阿曼——与亚洲其他国家的液化天然气交易量很大，

迪拜才决定发展此项服务。实际上，迪拜是从卡塔尔获得天然气，而后者是世界上最大的液化天然气供应国。两年之后，迪

拜就开始进口液化天然气。到2010年末，这三个液化天然气的出口国计划每年出口7,700万吨液化天然气，是现在的两倍多。

总部在德国的E.ON Ruhrgas的副总裁John Roper说， 液化天然气是驱动当今天然气国际贸易增长的主要因素。

随着迪拜液化天然气贸易中心的成立，阿联酋的天然气汽车产业会受益其中并快速发展。

孟加拉孟加拉道路运输公司计划增加国营运输服务，打算引进400辆压缩天然气汽车。北欧发展基金和经济发展合作基金将提供资金

和贷款以补贴这些车辆的购买。

印度印度Gurgaon城的天然气汽车车主将高兴地发现该城的53区和29区建设了更多的配有快冲系统且天然气直接来自管道的加气站。

公交车和大型商用车也可以从这些站加气。自从开始营业后，燃气的销量在前5天增长了一倍，达6,000公斤。Haryana燃气销

售公司把天然气的价格从每公斤27.5卢比降为24卢比。由于从以前的使用移动设备运输天然气改为使用管道运输，天然气的

运输成本得以减少。Haryana燃气销售公司的高级副总裁Khatkar说，公司预期如果州政府免除CNG的销售税，天然气的价格将

还会降低。该市还将在8个场所建设更多的加气站。Gurgaon市2021年的发展规划显示，届时25座加气站将建成运营。

在此期间，GAIL公司将投入100亿卢比用于建设2000座CNG加气站，使该国主要国道上形成CNG加气网络。这些加气站每天将供

应140万立方米天然气，是现在印度全国400座加气站供应量的3倍多。此外，石油天然气管理委员会公布，到2018年，建有加

气站的印度城市数将从现在的30个增加到250个。到2011年，全国84座城市将有天然气运营商，其中，64座城市将建成加气站

，而其他城市将开始建设加气站。据报道，在过去一年中，印度天然气汽车保有量以从25万辆增加到65万辆，然而也有一些

业内人士认为75万辆更为准确（包括还没有注册的车辆）。

对于汽车产业，通用印度公司计划除2006年导入的雪弗兰Optra压缩天然气汽车，将对其现有车型推出CNG和LPG版。Mahindra

-Renault公司最近引入了国内畅销的Logan的天然气版。

该车配有1.6升发动机和12公斤的气瓶，在每分钟5500转速下，最大功率可达84.5 Bhp，每分钟3100转下，最大扭矩可达128 Nm。

印度汽车工业协会（SIAM）还计划在5月份进行HCNG车辆的测试运行。其间，将有Tata, Mahindra, Ashok Leyland, Bajaj,

以及 Eicher等印度本土汽车公司的商用车使用氢气与压缩天然气的混合燃料， 穿越Delhi和Faridabad 长达50,000 公里的路线。

初步测试已经完成，使用的是 从明年4月起， 所有印度的客车必须满足当地第三和第四阶段排放标准。

为了满足未来的市场需求，博世公司已将用于高端车的共轨喷射技术和用于专用车的先进CNG技术引入印度，这些技术对于印

度的其他车型也适用。CNG喷射系统由微处理器控制，因此精度高。

巴基斯坦由于对卡拉奇公交公司500辆CNG公交车的补贴已转入下一次预算，如果到今年6月补贴还没有下来的话，这个5亿卢比的项目

将被暂时搁置。尽管这笔款项的拨付已经延迟，据说已经转入环境部的帐户。

菲律宾菲律宾政府正在加快向可再生能源领域投入更多资金以降低石油进口量。从2009年2月开始，全国273座加油站必须提供含5%乙醇

的汽油。而165座LPG站服务于13,866辆LPG车。至今，已有19座CNG公交车运行于Batangas市，以及Laguna 到Manila

的线路上，在Batangas市的Tabangao设有一座加气母站，在Laguna市的Binan设有一座子站，l两座站都是2008年4月建成运营的。

泰国2009年第一季度，泰国皇家空军从Italthai工业有限公司购买了6辆海格牌CNG城市客车。

此外，Thales (Thailand)——公交电子车票供应商——打算向曼谷的4000 辆CNG公交车提供其智能卡技术。

此项技术制作的车票既可用于现有轨道交通，也可以兼容以后出现的各种轨道交通，还可以用于其他交通模式，如城市客车等。

May 20098

석유와 가스휘발유/디젤과 CNG 가격폭이 더 커질 것으로 예상된다. 4월 초, 미국 원유 기준가를 결정하는 뉴욕 상업 거래소에서는5월의 원유 기준가를 52.64 USD/bbl, 6월 기준가를54.52 USD/bbl로 상승된 가격으로 체결하였다. 최근의 유가만 봐도OPEC(석유 수출국 기구)에서 예상했던 2009년 허용치 수준인 50 USD/bbl 보다 높게 나타나고 있다. 이러한 배경에는유럽 대표 연합과 세계 최대 경제 기구로 구성된G20정상 국가들이 세계적으로 몰아 닥친 경제위기를 벗어나기 위해 국제통화기금(IMF)및 관련 단체에 1조를 신청하기로 결정하면서 발생한 것이다.

가스 분야에 있어서 DMCC(두바이 종합 상품 거래소) 는 에미레이트를LNG의 무역의 중심으로 개발한다는 계획을발표하였다. 현재 카타르, 아부다비, 오만 - 아시아 사이에는 세계적으로 가장 많은 양의 LNG가 거래되고 있긴 하나 정식무역 거래소를 거치지 않고 거래가 이루어지고 있어 두바이가 이러한 서비스를 제공하기로 결정한 것이다. 사실상두바이도 가스는 세계 최대의 LNG 공급 국가인 카타르로부터 공급받아 서비스를 제공하게 될 것이다. 2년 후면 본격적인무역이 이루어 질 것으로 보인다. LNG를 공급하게 될 3개국(카타르, 아부다비, 오만)은 이를 위해 2010년 말까지 연간수출 물량의 2배가 넘는 77 M 톤의 LNG를 준비해 놓고 있다. 두바이가 미래 LNG 무역의 중심으로 열리게 되면에미레이트도 그 흐름의 영향을 받아 NGV산업이 더 빠르게 성장할 것으로 기대해 본다.

방글라데시방글라데시의 도로 교통공단(BRTC)은 국가간의 운송 서비스를 강화하고 400대의CNG버스를 늘릴 계획하고 있다. 노르딕개발 기금과 경제 개발 협력 기금은 400대의 원활한 버스 조달을 위한 자금정책을 제공할 것이다.

인도Gurgaon시에 살고있는 NGV 소유의 사람들은 이 도시의 53, 29 구역에 가스 파이프라인을 통해 고압력과 급속 충전이가능한 시스템을 갖춘 CNG충전소가 생긴다는 소식을 듣고 기뻐하고 있다. 물론 버스, 대형, 상업용 트럭도 이곳에서 충전할 수 있다. 충전소가 오픈하게 되면 첫 5일만에 되면 가스 매출량이 6,000kg로 평소의 배가 될 것이다. 게다가HGDCL(하리아나 가스 공급 회사)는 CNG 가격을 Rs 3.50/kg to Rs 24/kg로 내렸다. 이는 예전에는 트럭을 이용해가스를 운반했던 것과는 달리 이제는 파이프라인을 통해 직접 공급받으면서 가스 운송비가 줄어 들었기 때문이다.HGDCL의 수석 부회장 M S Khatkar 은 만약 정부가 CNG 판매세 면제 혜택을 시행한다면 가격은 더 내려갈 것으로기대된다고 말했다. 또한 Gurgaon시에 CNG 충전소를 증설하기 위한 8개의 계획이 추가로 배정되었다. Gurgaon주요계획에 따르면 2021년에는 이 지역에 25개의 충전소가 운영될 것이라고 한다.

한편 GAIL(인도 가스 공사) 은 주요 국가 고속도로를 잇는 사변형 CNG 요새지 만들기 위한 2,000개의 충전소건립에100억 루피를 투자할 계획이다. 이들 충전소를 통해 하루에 약1,400만 mmscmd의 천연가스 공급이 가능해 질것이며 인도의 400개의 충전소에서는 현재 3.7mmscmd의 3배가 넘는 가스가 공급될 것이다. 게다가 PNGRB(석유 및천연가스 관리 기관)은 인도의 CNG충전소 보유 도시가 현재 30개 시에서 250개 시로 증가할 것이라고 보고하였다.2011년까지 84개의 도시들이 도시가스 공급을 받게 될 것이며 이 중64개의 도시는 충전소를 보유하고 나머지 도시들도충전소 공사를 하게 될 것이다. 그 동안 인도의 NGV인구는 거의 200,000에서 650,000으로 증가하였다.

자동차 분야에 있어 GMI(인도GM)은 2006년에 소개되었던 CNG 쉐비 옵트라와는 별도로 기존 모델을 이용해 CNG-LPG겸용 차량을 소개할 계획이다. 마힌드라-르노 자동차는 최근 인기 있는 모델 CNG 버전의 로간을 인도 국내 시장에내놓았다. 이 차는 1,6리터 엔진에 12KG의 실린더를 장착했으며 최대 파워는 5500 rpm에서 84.5Bhp, 최대토크3100rpm에서 128Nm을 자랑한다.

한편 SIAM(인도 자동차 제조업 협회)는 이번 5월에 HCNG (수소-CNG) 자동차의 시험 프로젝트 실행을 계획하고 있다.시험 기간 동안 수소-CNG 혼합 연료를 사용하는Tata Motors, Mahindra, Ashok Leyland, Bajaj, Eicher 등의 상업용차량들은 델리와 파리다바드를 가로지르며 50,000km를 질주를 하게 될 것이다. 처음으로 시도되는 5%-30% 비율의수소-CNG 혼합 연료 자동차는 Ashok Leyland, Mahindra 와 Bajaj에 의해 제작되었다.

내년 4월부터 인도의 모든 버스는 Bharat Stage III 와 V 배출 기준을 만족 시켜야 한다. 보쉬, 유럽 제품, 특수 차량을위한 커먼 레일 인젝션 시스템 및 앞선 CNG기술 솔루션이 갖춘 배출 기준이 인도 차량에도 적용되는 것이다. CNG인젝션 시스템은 정교하고 미세한 컴퓨터 처리장치로 제어된다.

파키스탄내각이 KMTC(가라치 대중 교통 지부)의 500대 CNG버스에 제공하기로 했던 자금을 2009년 6월까지 지급하지 않는다면5억 루피 프로젝트는 종결될 것으로 보이며 이와 관련된 자금을 이미 내년 예산으로 포함시켰다고 파키스탄 뉴스 와치는전했다.

필리핀필리핀 정부는 석유 수입 의존도를 줄이기 위한 신 재생 에너지에 대한 투자를 아끼지 않고 있다. 2009년 2월부터 필리핀은 전국 237개의 주유소에 자동차용 휘발유에 에탄올 5%를 함유시키도록 의무화 시켰다.한편165개의 LPG충전소에서는 13,886대의 LPG개조 차량을 수용하고 있다. 지금까지 바탕가스시에서는 19대의CNG버스가 라구나-마닐라 노선으로 운행되고 있으며 타반가오, 바탕가스, 비난, 라구나시에 있는 CNG 충전소에서 가스공급을 받고 있다.

태국로얄 타이 공군 학교인 Air Vice Marshal Vittaya Kaewwattana은 2009년 1학기에 Italthai Industrial Co.,Ltd 로부터 6대의CNG 도시형 버스를 구입했다.한편 태국의 대중 교통 전자티켓 공급업체인 탈레스는 방콕에 있는 4,000대의 CNG버스에 자동 스마트 카드공급에 대한관심을 표명하고 있다. 현재 전기 기차 시스템에 사용되는 이 카드는같은 기능이 연계된 다른 철도 노선이나 도시형 버스를 연결시키기 위해 디자인되었다.

유가 상승, 이미 NGV 사업 성장의확신을 의미한다.

May 200910

原油価格が上昇し、ＮＧＶビジネスの信頼がこれから成長する原油と天然ガスガソリンや軽油価格とＣＮＧ価格の差はまもなく広がると予想されている。４月初旬にニューヨーク商業取引所における米国原油基準価格は５月契約分で１バレル５２.６４米ドル、６月契約分で５４.５２米ドルに値上がりした。最近の価格はＯＰＥＣの１バレル５０米ドルとする許容できる２００９年レベルより高値であった。世界の主要経済国とＥＵが集まったＧ２０サミット会議が世界同時不況を克服するためにＩＭＦ（国際通貨基金）や他の機関に１０億米ドルの財政出動を決定した後に原油価格上昇が起きた。しかしながら、「原油価格の低価格と安定化が１バレル５５米ドルに復帰するためには必要である。」とスイスの貿易コンサルティング会社ペトロマトリックス社のオリビア・ジャコブ氏は語った。

天然ガスでは、Dubai Multi Commodities Centre（ＤＭＣＣ） がアラブ首長国連邦をＬＮＧ貿易のハブにし、 ＬＮＧ貯蔵センターを建設することを計画していると発表した。カタール、アブダビ、オマーンといった湾岸諸国からアジアへの大量のＬＮＧは現在、貿易センターによるものではないので、ドバイは貿易センターの役割を受けることを決定した。実際、ドバイは世界最大のＬＮＧ供給国であるカタールからガスを受入れている。輸入は今後２年以内に開始される。ＬＮＧを輸出する３ヶ国は現在の２倍以上の７千７百万トンまで２０１０年末に輸出する用意がある。ドイツのルアーガス社副社長のジョン・ローパー氏は、「ＬＮＧがガスの国際貿易の中で急成長を遂げている。」と語った。ドバイに将来、ＬＮＧ貿易センターが開設されることでアラブ首長国連邦のＮＧＶ産業はそこから利益を得て、急成長するかもしれない。

バングラディッシュBangladesh Road Transport Corporation（ＢＲＴＣ）は、 州間の路線拡充を目的にし、４００台のＣＮＧバスを導入することを計画している。北欧開発基金と経済開発協力基金が資金を提供し、ＣＮＧバス導入を実施する。

インドグルガオン市のＮＧＶユーザーは、高い圧力のパイプラインから直接ガスの供給を受け、急速充填システムを持つＣＮＧスタンドが市内の５３セクターと２９セクターにオープンするので幸運である。バスや大型商用車もこれらのスタンドでＣＮＧを充填する。オープン以来、最初の５日間でガス売上げは２倍の６,０００ｋｇまでになった。それに加え、ＣＮＧ価格がハリーヤーナガス（ＨＧＤＣＬ）によると３.５０ルピー／ｋｇ下がり、２４ルピー／ｋｇになった。ＣＮＧ価格の値下げは従来のトレーラーによるボンベ輸送からパイプラインからの直接供給によるコスト削減により可能になった。ＨＧＤＣＬのカッカー上級副社長は、「州政府がＣＮＧから売上げ税を免除するのであれば更なる値下げが期待できる。」と語った。市内にはさらに８ヶ所のＣＮＧスタンドが計画されている。グルガオン市２０２１年マスタープランによると、ＣＮＧスタンドは市内に２５ヶ所になる計画である。

一方、Gas Authority India Limited (GAIL)社は、 国内の主要高速道路網にＣＮＧネットワークを構成するために２,０００ヶ所のＣＮＧスタンド建設のため１００億ルピーを投資する計画がある。インドでは現在、４００ヶ所のＣＮＧスタンドで３７０万立方フィートのＣＮＧを供給しているが、これが現在の3倍以上の１日あたり約１,４００万立方フィートのＣＮＧ供給を可能にするだろう。それ以上にPetroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB)は、ＣＮＧスタンドがある都市が２０１８年までの現在の３０から２５０になるだろうとしている。２０１１年までに８４の都市に天然ガスが供給され、そのうちの６４の都市がＣＮＧスタンドを持つであろう。また、残りは建設中になる。過去において、ＮＧＶ普及台数は、あるＮＧＶ関係者が非登録台数を含めて７５万台近くであるとしているが、２０万台から６５万台に増加したと報告されている。

自動車関係では、ＧＭインド（ＧＭＩ）が２００６年に発売したシボレー・オプトラＣＮＧとは異なるモデルのＣＮＧ車とＬＰＧ車を発売する計画であった。マヒンドラ・ルノーは国内市場向けに普及モデルのローガンのＣＮＧ車を最近発売した。１.６リットルエンジン、１２ｋｇのＣＮＧボンベを搭載し、最大出力８４.５馬力（５,５００ｒｐｍ）、最大トルク１２８Ｎｍ（３,１００ｒｐｍ）である。

一方、インド自動車工業会（ＳＩＡＭ）は今年の５月にＨＣＮＧのパイロットテストプロジェクトを立ち上げることを予定していた。テストでは、デリーからフェアダバッドまでの５万ｋｍでＨ２－ＣＮＧ混合燃料がタタ、マインドラ、アショカ・レイランド、バジャそしてエイカー各社の商用車に使用される予定である。最初のテストでは、５％－３０％のＨ２－ＣＮＧ混合燃料がアショカ・レイランド、マインドラ、バジャ製の車両に供給される。

来年４月からインドのすべてのバスは、Bharat Stage IIIおよび IVに排ガスを適合させなければならない。将来の需要に対して、欧州のボシュ社は高級車にコモンレールインジェクションシステム、そして商用車に最新のＣＮＧ技術を導入した。それらはインドのＮＧＶにも適用することはできる。ＣＮＧインジェクションシステムは正確で、コンピューター制御である。

パキスタン５００台のバスを運行するカラチ交通局に提示されているＣＮＧバスへの転換予算が次期予算に含まれているように５億ルピーのプロジェクトが、パキスタン・ニュース・ウォッチ紙が伝えているように政府が２００９年までに支払いを遅らせるならば、止まってしまう可能性がある。しかしながら、ＫＭＣＴへの予算支払いが遅れてもその予算は環境省の予算委組み込まれた。

フィリピンフィリピン政府は輸入原油の依存を下げるために再生可能エネルギーへの投資を奨励している。２００９年２月から輸送用燃料に５％エタノールを配合した燃料が国内２７３ヶ所のガソリンスタンドで供給されている。一方、１６５ヶ所のＬＰＧスタンドで１３,８８６台のＬＰＧ車にＬＰＧを供給している。現在まで１９台のＣＮＧバスがバタンガス、ラグナからマニラへの路線で運行されている。２００８年４月からタバンガオ、バタンガスのマザーステーション、ビナン、ラグナにドーターステーションがあり、バスにＣＮＧを充填している。

タイビッタヤ・カエワッタン空軍副司令官によると、タイ空軍は２００９年前期にItalthai Industrial社から６台のHigerというブランド名のＣＮＧバスを購入した。一方、公共交通機関に電子切符システムを供給するThales社は、バンコクの４千台のＣＮＧバスに非接触式スマートカードシステムを導入することに興味を示している。このバスカードはさまざまな鉄道会社や他のバス会社で導入されている既存の電子システムと接続できるよう設計されている。

May 200912

May 200914

Towards a clean and sustainable mobility

17-19JUNIOJUNE 2009

Feria de MadridMadrid FairPabellón 1 Pavilion 1info@gnv2009madrid.comwww.gnv2009madrid.com

Hacia una movilidadlimpia y sostenible

NGVA EuropeConference&Show

Un evento de An event of

Organizado por Organized by

Main Sponsor

PatrocinioHosted by

May 200916

Procurement of a major CNG stationand additional taxi fleet for Singapore

The previously reported biggest CNGstation to be built in Old Toh Tuck Roadoff Bukit Timah in Singapore, is nowplanned to be the world’s largest CNGrefuelling station. According to an earlierplan, this station was designed to have38 nozzles.

Recently, it was reported that the USD16 million investment by gas distributorand taxi operator Union Energy wouldbe used to build 46 nozzles in the newstation, in which 44 units would serveCNG cars while the rest would be usedto refuel heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs)such as buses and trucks.The new CNG station will be named C-Nergy.

To date, the two biggest CNG refuellingstations in the world are located inBangkok City in Thailand with 44 nozzles (12 for HDVs) in October 2008,and in Lima City in Peru with 32 nozzles(5 for HDVs) opened in April 2008.

Built on 7,066sqm land, the Old TohTuck Road station is currently underconstruction and scheduled to beopened to the public this comingAugust. It will also be the first full-service CNG station in Singapore. It will have several additional facilitiessuch as a convenience store, a motorworkshop and a car wash.

The investor, Union Energy owns a fleetof 2,600 Trans-Cab taxis, of which 500units are powered by CNG. Managingdirector Teo Kiang Ang aims to have2,000 CNG taxis in total within one ortwo years from now, of which 500 additional vehicles—most are likely tobe added this year. The other taxisoperator, Smart Taxis, also has a CNGtaxi fleet. Smart is targeting about 4,000to 5,000 CNG vehicles to refuel at fourof its CNG stations by the end of 2009.

There are currently around 3,600 NGVs,mainly taxi cabs, operating in the

country, with 3 refuelling stations facilitating this “clean” fuel fleet inJurong Island, at Jalan Buroh and atMandai Link in the north. The fourth onein Serangoon North owned by SmartEnergy - an affiliate of Smart Taxis - wassupposed to open in February, but hasbeen delayed because of technical issues.

Apart from government incentives suchas favourable fuel tax and a rebate onthe purchase of vehicles, NGV users inSingapore consider that CNG refuellingnetwork coverage is very important toensure the success of the NGV programme. Fuelling stations areexpected to be available in all districtsacross the nation.

As for the construction of this Old TohRoad big station, Teo said it is important to have a large station whenserving taxi drivers as they tend tochange shift around the same time, andso will arrive in large numbers.

May 2009 17

May 200918

The Department of Energy (DOE) in thePhilippines plans to authorise more busoperators to operate more CNG buses inthe country. Four operators are already certified to run CNG buses, while 3 othersare yet to be certified. The DOE is keen tosee 185 CNG buses running on public highways this year. To date, there are about19 CNG buses operating on the Cubao-Batangas/Laguna-Cubao provincialroute, serviced by 2 refuelling stations. TheDOE expects two more stations to be builtin Bi an City near Laguna this year.

The Philippines to buildtwo more stations

On the occasion of the groundbreaking bySingaporean company Union Gas Pte Ltd(part of Union Energy Corporation Pte Ltd), itwas also announced that C. Melchers is the supplier of the CNG compression and dispensing equipment. Union is also thecompany behind taxi operator TransCab,who has already some 300 CNG Taxis inoperation. Developed

The CNG - Gas Station equipment supplied by the Melchers Group is manufactured by market leader GNCGALILEO. GALILEO is represented by theMelchers Group.

After having built the SembGas / SPCStation at Jalan Buroh, which has been inoperation since February 2008, this is thesecond station by the Melchers Group.Melchers is also one of the leading CNG Conversion companies, undertheir well established franchisewww.cng.com.sg.

At the Groundbreaking Ceremony, Mr.Melchers, General Manager of C. Melchers,

Singapore, who is also the Chairman of theCNG Committee @ SEAS, emphasized thatthis is both a mile stone for the developmentof the CNG infrastructure in Singapore butalso for the improvement of the air quality:“CNG Cars meet Euro IV standard. Versuspetrol cars, they will contribute to a 25%reduction of CO2, but more importantly versus Diesel Cars they contribute to anelimination of Particle Matter emissions.” Mr.Melchers also said that CNG will continue tobe much cheaper than petrol and therebyCNG offers an answer to many Singaporeancar owners, who in times of economicdownturn ask themselves how and where tosave money.

FactsCovering a total area of 7,065m², the stationwill have 44 pump hoses for cars and 2pump hoses for buses and trucks. The station will be powered by 4 GalileoMicrobox Compressors each with a capacityof 1500 Nm3/hr. The station will also incorporate Galileo’s patented VirtualPipeline™ system which will allow CNG tobe transported to upcoming CNG daughter

stations and industries which currently haveno access to natural gas pipelines. Located in the heart of Singapore and inclose proximity to Exit 28 (Bukit Batok, TohTuck) of the Pan Island Express Way (PIE),this station dramatically improves the CNGinfrastructure in Singapore. With this station,it will now be even more convenient forSingaporeans to make use of CNG and thusto be able to reduce their daily cost of drivinga vehicle.

About C. Melchers GmbH & Co. C. Melchers GmbH & Co. is a 203 year oldGerman Trading and Engineering company.Their diversified portfolio includes the Oil &Gas Division which primarily deals in NaturalGas related products and solutions.

C. Melchers is involved in the design, consultation and engineering of CNG stations up to full CNG turn key solutions.Additionally they also supply CNG equipment,CNG trailers and dedicated CNG vehicles. C.Melchers also operated the largest CNGconversion franchise in Singapore under theircng.com.sg trademark.

Melchers supplies Equipment to buildthe largest CNG Station in the World

May 2009 19

May 200920

From the International Gas Union’songoing survey made by WorkingCommittee 5 -Utilisation, Study Group5.3 (WOC S.G. 5.3), which amongstother things regards Heavy-Duty NGVs,the Union has so far collected information and input from various HDV(buses and trucks) fleets around theworld. Among the results, it was notedthat fleets which use OEM CNG busesgain about 50% reduction on fuel costs(depending on the case) compared towhen diesel is used to power buses.Although results from maintenance costcould vary greatly depending on thegeneration of NG buses used, a modestincrease in maintenance time is reported in almost all cases.

Among various inputs from survey participants regarding the use of NGbuses, several expectations wereaddressed, such as the reduction in theprice of NGV buses and the weight offuel tank, the remedy for the start-up(torque) issue; and the need to evaluateactual requirements for filling stations.Thoroughly planned bus duty, driverroistering, bus fuel storage and refuelling system were are also considered.

Experience from a well-known dual-fuelLNG/CNG HD trucks operator forlong–distance haulage showed that theonly extra maintenance costs in servicing or maintaining dual-fuelengines comes from purchasing NG filters, catalysts for methane reductionand a small additional time for preventive maintenance inspections.

Time for daily checking of methanetrucks compared to diesel trucksremained the same. Regular maintenanceintervals are slightly increased due to

extra time required to carry out leakchecks and filter changes.

The International Gas Union’s 24th WorldGas Conference (WGC) will be held innext autumn in Buenos Aires, Argentina.At the conference (and exhibition), NGVrelated issues will also be covered. As partof the preparations for the presentationfrom the NGV industry, a survey was conducted to learn from the experienceof NGV fleet operators around the world.The survey was supported by NGV associations and fleet owners. The paperwill be presented during the 2009 WGC.

Experiences from Heavy-Duty NGV fleets

Pune’s CNG pipeline to start in JulyThe supply of CNG viapipeline in Pune in India isanticipated to begin in someparts of the city in July.

The construction of the CNGpipeline and a mega-motherstation at Chikhli nearChinchwad and the PMPMLdepot at Sant Tukaramnagardepot in Pimpri has beenfinalised. Meanwhile thepipeline construction fromPimpri to Shivajinagar is onthe way.

At the same time, CNG supplier in Pune and Pimpri-ChinchwadMaharashtra Natural GasLimited (MNGL), has commenced pipeline

installations from the PMPMLbus depot at Narveer TanajiWadi in Shivajinagar toFergusson College road andalong Paud road.

Sham Sundar, managingdirector of MNGL, said thatthe company plans to beginproviding gas to a CNG station at the PMPML'sKothrud depot soon. At first,CNG will be offered throughseveral gasoline stations onFergusson College road andPaud road. MNGL informedthe residents in the area surroundings about theadvantages of CNG.

The 1st phase of MNGL'sproject will be completed

when the firm starts supplying CNG at thePMPML depot at NarveerTanaji Wadi in Shivajinagar. Inthe 2nd phase, CNG will bedistributed to various areasof Pune City with the threeproposed main refuelling

stations to be provided atthe PMPML depots inKothrud, Hadapsar andKatraj. Gas from this piplineproject will be used to supplyCNG stations for vehiclesand Piped Natural Gas (PNG)for households.

May 2009 21

May 200922

The decrease in the oil price comparedto last year has resulted in a downturnin the demand for CNG kits. Apart fromthat, the NGV industry in Pakistan isfacing several challenges such as atemporary low gas pressure during thecold winter that has had an effect onfuel supplies to CNG stations; the CNGretail price versus higher refuelling station operating costs that have to bepaid by station owners and so influencethe owners’ profit margin; reduced support to the industry from financialinstitutions and the government.

But it was the decreased price differential between CNG and oil causedby the downward trend of the oil pricethat was recognised as the cause ofdeclining demand in NGVs. Gasolineconsumption continued to grow in theperiod December 2008-March 2009 following a cut in retail prices inDecember 2008, from Rs 89.60 to Rs57.70 per litre . Meanwhile CNG pricesincreased by Rs 3.50/ kg to Rs 48-50/kg in various cities. Since March,many refuelling stations—especiallythose in Karachi City, the biggest NGVcity of the country--offer discounts tobuyers of CNG.

Because of the decrease in the gasolineprice followed by lower demand forNGVs, imports of CNG kits have temporarily gone down by 25%. Inaddition, CNG kit prices in Pakistanhave decreased by around 28%,although this is not necessarily considered a loss. Leading CNG kitimporters in Pakistan said that the priceof CNG kits had hiked three times during the last eight months of 2008,generating about 60% increase.After the price cut, for example,Landirenzo CNG kits for manual carsare now sold at Rs 14,500 instead ofRs 17,500 per unit. CNG cylinders with50-55 litre water capacity are sold at Rs10,000 and Rs 12,000, whereas earlierthese cost Rs 17,000 and Rs 19,000,respectively.

Meanwhile, CNG kits for automatic carswhich used to cost around Rs 20,000now cos Rs 16,000. CNG cylinders forcars with 50-55 litre capacity are Rs10,000 and Rs 9,000 cheaper respectively and are now sold for Rs15,000 and Rs 21,000.

In addition, the government hasimposed high taxes on domesticallymanufactured and imported vehicles.

Fuel demand and salesof CNG kits in Pakistan

May 2009 23

Pakistan continues to work on fuel pricesThe Supreme Court in Pakistan delivered a set of questions to theCommission on Petroleum Prices forconsideration and answers on issuesrelated to inflated oil prices. The Court sought opportunities to allowconsumers to benefit from the recentoil price changes in the internationalmarket. The current prices and taxesfor petroleum products adopted by theOil Companies Advisory Committee arefixed to the prices between June 29,2001, and April 1, 2006, in pursuanceof Section 8 of the Petroleum Products

(Petroleum Development Levy)Ordinance, 1961, as amended on June29, 2001.The court requested the committee’srecommendations on fixing the prices ofoil, gas, CNG and LPG in a transparentmanner in line with trends in the international market.If prices of petroleum are reduced,power costs at CNG refuelling stationsshould go down as well. Consequently,either the CNG retail price might godown or the fuelling owner’s profit margin could go up.

Commercial banks have also practicallystopped vehicle financing, which isholding people back from buying newvehicles.

Optimist outlookAlthough the CNG kits sector is facingchallenges, it has not yet reached theextent where the industry would completely shut down said retailers.Some retailers even indicated thatimporters were using delaying tactics inproviding kits, aimed at increasing thedemand.

The decreased import kits also do notautomatically reflect the same level ofdownturn in kits demand. As, for example, Landirenzo the leadingof CNG conversion kits in the countrywhich represent the major share of themarket has reduced its components’import by 30% since the firm has aCNG kits assembling unit in Pakistan tocater the market demand.

Although demand is reported to haveslowed down in the biggest NGV country in the world – as in other countries across the globe — hugenumbers of substandard CNG kits arestill being openly produced atGujranwala, underlining the considerably real demand in NGVs.

The NGV stakeholders, especiallylicensed CNG kits suppliers, urged thegovernment to take firm disciplinaryaction against CNG kit counterfeiters.

Although CNG sales in various Pakistanicities have declined by 13 – 15%according to Malik Khuda Buksh, president of the CNG Station OwnersAssociation, he believes that CNG saleswould increase if the oil prices reboundin the global market. Since the end ofMarch and early April 2009, the oil pricehas increased and recorded its highestpoint of 2009 at over 50 USD/blue barrel, compared to the level ofNovember 2008 -mid March 2009.

May 200924

Petrobangla, the national gas distributor, announced that Bangladeshsaves about USD 8000 million a year byreplacing oil with CNG in the transportsector. As per government request,Petrobangla has formed an organisation, Rupantarita Prakritik GasCompany Limited (RPGCL), to promoteand manage the use of CNG in vehiclesand their refuelling.

CNG consumption in this sector reaches up to 58.14 million cubicmetres (cbm) per month.

This is equivalent to 69.77 million litresof imported gasoline and octane worthUSD 67.77 million per month or USD813.29 million a year.

The country has around 290 CNG refuelling stations and 130 conversionworkshops serving around 180,000converted vehicles. Most of the vehicles—around 150,000 units-- werealready registered. An additional 14CNG refuelling stations are under construction. 26 more stations will alsobe installed as part of the Dhaka CleanFuel Project (DCFP) funded by the AsianDevelopment Bank. The 26 stations willbe constructed on six highways --Dhaka-Chittagong, Dhaka-Sylhet,Dhaka-Mymensingh, Dhaka-Aricha,Dhaka-Sirajganj-Bogra and Dhaka-Mawa.

In addition to the refuelling expansionprogramme through the DPFC project,RPGCL will import and deliver 5,000CNG kits and 6,000 cylinders to privateentrepreneurs running 100 CNG buseson commercial basis.

In Bangladesh, CNG for vehicles wasactively introduced in 2003 throughDCFP although activities had alreadybegun in 2000 when the United NationsDevel¬op¬ment Program (UNDP) created a USD 1.2 million trainingscheme with RPGCL for alternative-fuelprogramme. In addition, the USD 5 million Air Quality Management Projectfinanced by the World Bank was implemented to lower vehicle emissionsand introduce air-quality monitoring.

In 2002, the Asian Development Bank

Bangladesh to procure thousands ofCNG kits and cylinders

May 2009 25

allotted USD 113 million funding whilethe UNDP offered additional financing ofUSD 1.5 million in 2004. The fundingwas used to expand the natural gaspipelines network and to improve CNGtechnology and know-how in the country, including the training of engineers and mechanics to carry outCNG conversions and refuelling stationinstallations. A conversion costs aroundUSD 800 per vehicle (depending on thevehicle size and type), while the averagesalary is USD 600. Conversions to NGVsystems are popular, however, becauseof the fuel savings; and the paybackperiod could be less than a year.

In 2003, two-stroke engines werebanned completely and the governmentmandated the use of four-stroke CNGengines. Consequently, the level ofParticulate Matter (PM) in Dhaka, thecity where the programme was firstintroduced and where NGVs are mostlyused, went down by 30-40%. Annualhealth cost were also reduced byaround USD 25 million due to thecleaner air.

Nowadays CNG is used to power various types of vehicle from three-wheelers to other Light-DutyVehicles and Heavy-Duty Vehicles suchas passenger cars, jeeps, minibuses,city and inter-city buses, trucks, etc.Rapid expansion of the CNG network inthe past few years has significantly contributed to the instability of gaspressure in various areas and affectedgas-related activities in power generation and vehicle refuelling sectors.

To encourage the use of CNG, the government offers a highly subsidisedTk 7 per cubic metre gas to NGVsusers. As the programme started toshow a significant success, the gas ratewas adjusted last year to Tk 16.75 percubic metres. The number of consumers using CNG continued to riseafter the price increase as CNG onlycosts 20% of the price of gasoline and36% of the price of diesel.

However, by the second week of April,CNG Filling Station Owners Associationin Bangladesh met the energy adviserof the prime minister proposing areduced CNG tariff. Along with the proposal, the association also notedthat in certain areas such as the Dhaka-Chittagong Highway, the numberof CNG stations are excessive.

The impact is reflected in the income ofthe station owners. Fuel pressure is alsoan important issue to those owners: forexample, due to the low pressure, aCNG cylinder can only accommodate10 m3 instead of 12 m3 gas if the pressure is lower than 200 psi.

As a result of the meeting, a committeewill be formed under the ministry withrepresentatives from the association tostudy the tariff and recommend itsadjustment. Additionally, the committeewill also study the possibility of issuingan additional regulation to allow stationsto be installed in different zones withcertain limits.

May 200926

The Macau vehicle equipment company, Senen Natural Gas VehicleEquipment Company Ltd, is planning to introduce vehicle conversion technology from Italy to convert gasoline vehicles to NGVs in Macau.

Sanny Ho Weng-fat, director of Senen, who wished to introduce Italian technology and equipment—fromM.T.M. - BRC Gas Equipment-- inMacau said that he is confident thatMacau’s air quality would be improved ifNGVs are adopted in this city.

He said that using NGVs can helpdrivers to save up to 70% of their fuelexpenses compared to other kinds oftraditional fuels and LPG.

He believes that vehicle conversioncosts can be recovered in a short period. For a taxi, the conversion

payback period could be covered within a year. Ho went on to remarkthat Senen could build one CNG dispensing facility in an existing gasoline station.

Among the fuelling station options,mobile station or mother-daughter systems can be implemented in the city.

He noted that government incentivescould encourage vehicle owners toswitch their vehicles into NGVs, helpingthe industry to ensure the success ofNGV adoption and business.

Nevertheless, the official launch of thetechnology in Macau would depend onwhen the government is going toannounce the gas distributor and howlong the distributor will take to developthe supply network and scheme of thenew energy, he continued.

Macau City to enter NGV business

Business Alert

Sponsors Silver Sponsors Bronze

AuspiciaSupported by

ConvocaHosted by:

OrganizaOrganized by:

24 al 26 de Septiembre, 2009 September 24-26, 2009Jockey Plaza Convention Center Lima, Perú / Peru

I Cumbre Latinoamericana de GNV y Combustibles Alternativos

I Latin American Summit of NGV and Alternative Fuels

www.expognvperu.cominfo@expognvperu.com

May 2009 27

The Syrian government recently addressed theimportance of the country to learn from Iranianknowledge and experience regarding vehicleconversion to the NGV system.Last March, the Syrian Oil and MineralResources Minister Sofyan al-Alaw met theIranian Oil Minister Gholam-Hossein Nouzari inDamascus, the capital of Syria. Al-Alaw stated that the visit would furtherstrengthen the friendship of the two countries and lead to broader cooperationbetween Iran and Syria, including the launching of joint projects in oil and gas fields.Two years ago, Syria signed an agreement with Iran for the importation ofIranian gas. Al-Alaw underlined the need toimplement the import-export as soon as possible so that the gas could be used bySyrian industries and for pursing joint projects. This 185,180 km2 country of 19.7 millioninhabitants is located near the already well-known NGV countries such as Egypt,Turkey, Armenia and Georgia, Iran and the UAE.

Syria to join Western Asian NGV countries

Business Alert

May 200928

Government officials in Vietnamexpressed their favourable opinionabout the strong possibility of the country becoming a big user of CNG inthe transport sector in the future. The first two targeted cities are Ho ChiMinh (HCM) and Hanoi. These twomajor cities were targeted to operatepublic CNG buses this year.

Apart from the environmental benefitthat Vietnam could gain by using “clean”CNG stated by the Deputy Minister ofIndustry and Trade Nguyen Thanh Bien,and the economic savings that vehicleusers would make, as noted by Bui Van Quyen, head of thesouthern office of the Ministry of Science and Technology,there is a more important reason why the country could gainfrom using natural gas in the transport sector. Vietnam hasabundant natural gas reserves.

It has several natural gas sources of over 2,000 billion cubicmetre: the Dinh Co plant in Phu My Industrial Zone, Ba Ria –Vung Tau province; gas from oil and gas fields of Vietnam,

which will be processed at the Go DauIndustrial Zone in Dong Nai Province in2010 at a yearly capacity of 50-70 million cubic metres (cbm); and theSouthwestern frozen warehouse in theHiep Phuoc Industrial Zone in Ho ChiMinh (HCM) City, which will open in2012. However, at the moment only onefacility produces CNG. Since last year,the gas production facility in southernBa Ria-Vung Tau Province offers an initialcapacity of 30 million tonnes/year of gas.

As reported in the February 2009 edition of Asian NGV Communications,

the HCM Department of Transport’s Director Duong HongThanh aims to have 800 CNG buses in the city by 2011. By31 January this year, the Thanh Cong AutomobileCorporation had delivered 500 CNG buses to the SonadeziCompany in Dong Nai Province on the south of Vietnam, 30km from HCM. Thanh Cong Corporation will install the Auto AssemblingFactory No. 2 in Ninh Binh Province by the end of 2009.When the plant is complete, CNG buses can be assembledlocally.

Refuelling facilities will be available around HCM.PetroVietnam aims to invest USD 252 million to build 360CNG stations at 360 bus stops across HCM city. VietnamNational Oil and Gas Group has promised to supply 50 million cbm of CNG in 2009 and 100 million cbm in 2010.

Being powered by cleaner fuel, vehicles running on dedicatedCNG offer significant pollution reductions: 10-25% lessCarbon Dioxide (CO2), 60-70% less Carbon Oxide (CO), 87%less NOx, and 87% less Non-methane organic gas (NMOG). As NGVs emit less CO2, these create 20% less greenhouseemissions compared to gasoline vehicles and 15% less compared to diesel automobiles. More importantly, NGVsemit virtually 0% particulate matter (PM), the harmful microscopic component of air pollution that penetrates deepinto the lungs.

The country and owners of NGV fleets could benefit fromusing CNG; buses could save up to 8,308 USD /year on fuelcosts. The operating cost of CNG buses is about 50% lessthan those powered by diesel.

Due to the environmentally-friendly characteristics of CNGand the fact that CNG is cheaper than diesel and gasoline,Quyen stated that CNG consumption in Vietnam would develop strongly in the future. Air pollution in big cities iscaused by over 1 million vehicles, including buses. Followingexpectations to make Vietnam an industrialized economy by2020, the number of vehicles are expected to increase rapidly. Thus, the market for CNG for buses and taxi cabs areexpected to be considerable in big cities, concluded Quyen.

Vietnam to open a CNG bus assembly plant and install

Business Alert

May 2009 29

Natural Gas processing capacityon Songo Songo gas field in theLindi region of Tanzania will bedoubled to meet the growingdemand for gas for electricitygeneration, industrial anddomestic use and vehicles.When the production expansionplan has been full implemented,gas processing capacity will reach up to 140 millions of standard cubic feet per day (mmscf/day). Additional NG supplyis expected to be delivered to Dar es Salaam.

Presently, five out of eleven NG wells in Songo Songo provide70 million mmscf/day although processing capacity is insufficient. To double gas production, more wellsmust be drilled to the north and west of the island according tothe Tanzania Petroleum Development Corporation.

Currently, the country has four gas fields at Songo Songo,Mnazi Bay, Mkuranga, and Nyuni. As the government has signed gas production agreement with morethan 20 Oil & Gas exploration companies, there is more likelihood of additional gas fields being discovered.

Africa, a new potential market

Business AlertLNG stations and HDVs for Tasmania

LNG Refuellers Pty Ltd (LNGR), an Australia-based consortium comprising seven Tasmaniantransport operators, has made a deal withindustrial gas company BOC / CRYOSTAR forthe supply of LNG fuel for more than 120 LNG-powered heavy-duty vehicles.

Tasmania is an Australian state -and island - located 240 kilometers (150 miles) south of theeastern side of the continent, being separated from it by the Bass Strait. BOC, with the support of CRYOSTAR, will design and construct the entire supply chain infrastructurefor LNG Refuellers including LNG road tankersand six refuelling stations.

This project includes CRYOSTAR equipmentsuch as the new submerged SUBTRAN pumpand its dedicated skid, the station PLC controlsystem, and the brand new LNG dispenser.

By: Cryostar SAS, France

May 200930

On 7 April this year, the Assistant Treasurer and Minister forCompetition Policy and Consumer Affairs, Chris Bowen MP,revealed exposure draft legislation and explanatory materialsfor the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS) - Fuel TaxAdjustment Arrangements.

Building on the White Paper, Carbon Pollution ReductionScheme: Australia's Low Pollution Future, released on 15December 2008, the draft legislation outlines the 'cent-for-cent' excise reduction that will offset the impact ofemission pricing on all fuels currently subject to the generalrate of AUD 38.143 cents/litre.

The exposure draft legislation also sets out how the government will provide transitional assistance to agriculture,

fishing and heavy goods transportation industries through anew 'CPRS fuel credit' scheme. LPG, LNG and CNG aresubstitutes for gasoline and diesel but lie outside the fuel taxsystem, so to maintain neutrality between these fuels and“traditional” fuels, the exposure draft legislation also providesa CPRS fuel credit to LPG, CNG and LNG. Copies of the draft legislation, commentaries, etc can befound at: www.treasury.gov.au.

Australian fuel tax adjustments

Australia and South Korea tostrengthen cooperationAmong the various issues addressed during South KoreanPresident Lee Myung-Bak’s meeting with Australian PrimeMinister Kevin Rudd in March this year, two importantissues were seen as priorities: the completion of a freetrade agreement (FTA) between the two countries and theestablishment of a stronger relationship between the twocountries in the LNG sector. Australian Ambassador Sam Gerovich for South Koreaexpressed Australia’s intention to strengthen their relationship by, amongst other things, contributing toKorea’s energy and resources security in terms of LNG.Gerovich also noted that Australia is a reliable supplier inthe region and that their LNG is very competitively priced.

La soluzione attualeper un trasporto miglioreToday's solution

for sustainable transportation

12a Conferenza ed Esposizione fieristica dell’AssociazioneInternazionale dei Veicoli a Gas Naturale - IANGV12th Conference and Exhibition of the International Association for Natural Gas Vehicles - IANGV

Dal 8 al 10 giugno 2010June 8-10, 2010Nuova Fiera di Roma New Rome FairPadiglioni 9, 10 e area esterna Pavilions 9, 10 and outdoor areaRoma, Italia Rome, Italy

Un evento diAn event of

Ospitato da Hosted by

Organizzato da Organized by

www.ngv2010roma.cominfo@ngv2010roma.com

May 2009 31

Following news in the April 2009 edition of Asian NGVCommunications regarding three newly constructed CNG stations which have yet to be opened, there is a strong possibility that the three stations owned by PT AksaraAndalan Prima (Aksara) will soon be in service.The opening of the stations had to be put back due to PTPerusahaan Gas Negara’s (PT PGN) delays in integrating theirpipeline with Aksara’s compressors, although Pertamina, thegas supplier had already requested to supply gas to the stations several months ago. The reason for the delay wasactually caused by an outstanding debt between parties otherthan Aksara.

The dispute between PT Petross (the station owner) and theJakarta city administration has caused a delay in the gas supply from PT PGN.However, the Jakarta city administration recently agreed tosettle its debt to PT Petross Gas. The city administration willpay Rp 9.5 billion to Petross, the gas supplier for TransjakartaCNG buses, for the services provided by the company fromMay 26, 2006 to March 2008. The city administration hasallocated Rp 50 billion of reserve funds for unexpected projects.City secretary Muhayat expects that it would allow Petross topay its debt owed to PT PGN. With the settlement of thisdebt, it is expected that the three Aksara’s CNG stations willbe in service soon.

Jakarta to open more CNG stations

Based on the agreement for CNG station procurement,Petross must build gas refuelling stations to serveTransjakarta CNG buses, while the administration mustensure the procurement of the gas from PGN.

Petross's director Andika Anindyaguna Hermanto said thataccording to the agreement, the city administration shouldmake the transactions with PGN to provide the gas. In reality,it was Petross who was currently dealing with PGN. Muhayat stated that the administration would review theagreement between the two parties. In 2006, the city administration and PT PGN set a target tobuild 77 CNG refuelling stations in Jakarta although no dead-line was identified.

Heavy-Duty NGVs made in AsiaBrand NGV models RemarksChinaAnhui Hualing Automobile(Group) Co., Ltd Hualing Star HN4180PT23C4M CNG Tractor Dedicated CNG tractorBeijing Bus General Plant Jinghua BK6141CNG Hinge Jointed City Bus Dedicated CNG buses

Changzhou Iveco Bus Co., Ltd

Changjiang CJ6110G3Y7H BusChangjiang CJ6110SG2Y7H Double Decker BusChangjiang CJ6110SG2YH Double Decker BusChangjiang CJ6120G2Y7H Bus

Chongqing CNG Technologies Co., Ltd CNG busChongqing Jiangchuan Automobile Manufacturing Co., Ltd Chuanjiang CJQ6790KCS BusDongfeng Automobile Co., Ltd Dongfeng EQ6830RACN Bus Chassis(Class 3)*

Dongfeng Motor Co., Ltd

Dongfeng EQ6111RCDN Bus Chassis(Class 3) Dedicated CNG busesDongfeng EQ6122KS Bus Chassis(Class 3)Dongfeng EQ1165F Truck Dedicated CNG trucksDongfeng EQ1165K2 TruckDongfeng EQ1140GL1 TruckDongfeng EQ1140GL TruckDongfeng EQ1250GL2 TruckDongfeng EQ1250GL3 Truck

Dongfeng Nanchong Automobile Co., LtdDongfeng EQ6590PC1 Bus Dual fuel busesDongfeng EQ6590PC Bus

First Auto Works (FAW)

Jiefang CA1127L5A CNG Truck Dedicated CNG trucksJiefang CA1150P1L1A80 CNG TruckJiefang CA6101D92-9 Bus Chassis(Class 3) Dedicated CNG busesJiefangCA6110D118-1T Bus Chassis(Class 3)

Nanjing Jinling Double- decker Bus PlantJinlngJLY6101SA CNG Double Decker Bus JinlngJLY6101SB CNG Double Decker Bus

Mudan CNG 3-Ton Light Truck Dedicated CNG truck

Shaanxi Automobile (Group) Co., LtdShanqi SX4254BK294T Tractor Dedicated CNG tractorShanqi SX6112F Luxury City Bus Dedicated CNG busShanqi SX6112C City Bus Dual fuel bus

Shanghai Huizhong Automobile Manufacturing Co., Ltd SHAC SH4251A4B31K Tractor Dedicated CNG tractorYaxing-Benz Motor Coach Co.,Ltd Yaxing YBL6110GNH Bus Chassis(Class 3) Dedicated CNG busYantia Shuchi Vehicle Co NG buses 120 models NGVs exported to Europe, Japan, Bangladesh and PakistanYuchai Diesel Engine Co.,Ltd For export purposesYuejin Automobile(Group)Co., Ltd Yuejin NJ67001M5EG Bus Chassis(Class 3) Dedicated CNG busZhongda Industrial Group Co. JLY6101SA CNG bus and double deck buses Japan

HinoDutro Delivery & garbage trucksRanger TruckMiddle-size low-floor bus Bus

Isuzu

Elf AFG-NKR82AN 2 tonnes delivery & garbage trucksForward PB-FRR35J3S 4 tonnes delivery & garbage trucksForward PB-FRR35K3S 4 tonnes delivery & garbage trucksWagon R (CBA-MH21S) TruckBig-size low-floor bus BusMiddle-size low-floor bus Bus

Mazda Titan AFG-LKR82AN Truck

Mitsubishi-FusoFighter NX Delivery & garbage trucksBig-size low-floor bus BusCanter KK-FE73CEV Truck

Nissan-Diesel

Atlas KR-AKR81EP 2 tonnes truckCondor AFG-BKR82EP 2 tonnes truckCondor PB-MK36A 4 tonnes truckCondor PB-PK37A 7 tonnes truck Big Thumb KL-CD48L 10 tonnes truckBig-size low-floor bus BusMiddle-size low-floor bus BusCivilian KK-BHW41 Small-size low-floor bus

Toyota Dyna Toyoace Delivery truckToyota Dyna Toyoace 7 tonnes truck TruckKanto Machine Centre Working vehicleKomatsu Forklift ForkliftMitsubishi Motors ForkliftNissan-Diesel Fighter Working vehicleSubaru Working vehicleSumitomo Yale Forklift CNG 11-FG25PV1 ForkliftTCM TCM ForkliftToyota Forklift

May 200932

Natural Gas HDVs availability in China

May 2009 33

Brand NGV models RemarksKorea

Daewoo

BS090 9 m city bus: 24+1 seatsBS106 10.6 m city bus: 26+29+1 seatsBH115 11.5 m Inter city bus: 45+1BC211M 11 m Low floor bus: 29+28+1BV120MA (12 m) 12 m Low floor bus : 25-45 seatsBS120CN (12 m) 12 m Ultra low floor bus: 25-44 seatsLNG bus In development (for demonstration project)

Tata Daewoo Commercial Vehicles Co., LtdGarbagetruck (Roll Pack) 19.3 Garbage truck (Arm Roll) 11 Ton (Payload)11 litre-LNG tractor In development (for demonstration project)

Hyundai

Aero City City bus: 21+1 seatsAero Inter City City bus: 38+1 seatsAero Inter City City bus: 45+1 seatsAero City Bus de GNV Low-floor bus: 27+1 seats

Shinjeon Sweeper To be launchedIndia

Tata MotorsLong distance LPO 1510 CNG Chassis of Intra-city bus (mini bus)Starbus Ultra Low Floor-LPO 1623 CNG Fully built bus, itra city bus

Mahindra & MahindraCNG bus In planCommercial vehicles & three-wheelers In plan

Piaggio CNG Ape TruckIran

Saipa Diesel

S60G CNG MidibusS36CNG City Minibus MinibusGarbage collector CNG Renault Medium TruckCNG Tipper Renault Medium TruckGarbage Collector CNG Budsun TruckCNG Rigid Budsun TruckCNG city Bus MAN Bus

Thailand

Chevrolet Colorado dual fuelIn plan: pick-up truck to run on 80% CNG and 20%diesel. Can be switched to 100% diesel.

HinoFM-CNG version Tractor truck, will be launched in April 2009FG-CNG version

Isuzu Low-duty to Heavy-duty trucks In planSummitr Motors Assembly of CNG buses and trucksYantia Shuchi Vehicle Co

NGV bus(es)In plan: opening an NG bus plant and investment infuelling facility

IndonesiaKomodo Komodo BusDaewoo CNG city bus BusMalaysiaKosmo Motor Company Sdn Bhd Kosmo Bus

Brand NGV models RemarksKorea

Doosan Infracore Co., LtdGE08TI 8,1 litre Dedicated CNG Engine (240ps, 260ps),

GE12TI 12 litre Dedicated CNG Engine (290ps, 310ps, 340ps)

Natural Gas HDVs availability in China

Natural gas engines for HDVs

To send and/or request more information, please contact asia@ngvgroup.com

May 200934

Natural gas is a fossil based source of energy which represents more than one fifth of total energy consumption inthe world. It is more and more attractive since it has manyecological and economical advantages. LNG, as a fuel, isalready a proven technology which gives significant results interms of efficiency and emissions. As LNG represents animportant part of the natural gas vehicles market, especiallyfor high duty vehicles, the main goal for our industry is tocommunicate and educate on the advantages and specificaspects of the cryogenic state of the gas. Indeed, there is stillconfusion about CNG, LNG and LCNG.

1. CNG refuelling stations(Gaseous source → refuelling vehicles with gas)The CNG fuelling station is directly supplied by a natural gaspipeline (or biogas) and fills vehicles at pressures up to 200bars. This solution is not proposed by Cryostar since no cryogenic equipment is needed.

ADVANTAGES® Direct gas supply from the pipeline® No storage capacity required

DISADVANTAGES® High operational costs of the compressor solution® Need to be connected to an existing grid.

2. LNG refuelling stations(Liquid source → refuelling vehicles in liquid)The LNG refuelling system, using a liquid natural gas (or liquidbiogas) storage tank, allows refuelling of liquefied gas at pressures up to 15 bars.

ADVANTAGES® Reduction of the vehicles tank size® Increase of the vehicles autonomy® LNG as a fuel is an excellent solution for high duty vehicles® Longer autonomy, reduced emissions, better efficiency andpower® Management of the gas losses® No CH4 is vented to the atmosphere during normal refuelling operation.

Port of Long Beach example:POLA & POLB have adopted the “San Pedro Bay Ports CleanAir Action Plan” to improve air quality in the South Coast AirBasin more quickly and aggressively than has ever beenattempted by any seaport, anywhere in the world. Since beginningOctober 1st, 2008, 1988 and older trucks are banned. Theprogram will progressively ban all trucks that don't meet 2007emission standards within 4 years and encourages truck fleetsof alternatively-fuelled vehicles, for example LNG.

Hence the installation of the largest LNG Vehicle RefuellingStation in the world in the Port of Long Beach: equipped with8 Cryostar new submerged centrifugal pumps SUBTRAN, 2Offload pumps GBS, 1 reciprocating pump MRP and theCryostar LNG station control panel and software.

3. LCNG refuelling stations(Liquid source → refuelling vehicles in gas)The LCNG station is a mix between CNG and LNG refuellingtechnologies. Indeed, the LNG fuelling system which is directly supplied by a liquid natural gas (LNG) storage tankallows refuelling of vehicles with CNG at pressures up to 200bars and more.

ADVANTAGES®Higher density®Completely independent from the grid, allowing using different gas suppliers®Increases natural gas stations cost efficiencies®Investment and maintenance costs of an LCNG station arein some cases (especially for high flow stations) by far lower thaninvesting in a CNG station equipped with large compressors®Operational costs, in terms of power consumption, of anLCNG fuelling station are approximately four times lower thanthose of a compressor equipped CNG refuelling station.

Cryostar, founded in 1966 is a pioneer in the design and manufacture of cryogenic equipment. First producing pumps forindustrial gas applications, then turbines used in air separationunits. Progressively, Cryostar entered other business marketsproviding compressors and heat exchangers for use on LNGships, turbines for hydrocarbon applications, L/CNG filling andfuelling stations, and turbo expander-generators for clean energy projects. From an equipment manufacturer, Cryostarhas also developed their expertise for processes in the field ofindustrial gases, LNG and clean energy. www.cryostar.com

BusinessCentreLNG as alternative fuel

May 2009 35

Omnitek Engineering Corporation (OTCQX: OMTK) todayannounced the appointment of Metan Market, Ltd. as thecompany’s exclusive agent in Bulgaria and an initial ordervalued at approximately USD 600,000 for its diesel-to-naturalgas conversion systems. The company also said it has signed a similar exclusive agentagreement with Ruston Endüstrieyel, based in Ankara, Turkey.The conversion order in Bulgaria is for public buses operatedby Sofia Public Transport Company. The conversion project,which commenced recently, is expected to be completedover a two-year period.

“Bulgaria and Turkey represent regions with tremendousgrowth potential, supported by an expanding infrastructure ofcompressed natural gas (CNG) refueling stations, and a corresponding government and private-sector commitment toutilizing gaseous fuels. There are approximately 25,000 CNGvehicles operating in Bulgaria today, a figure that has doubledsince 2006, and approximately 74 CNG refueling stations inoperation to support the growing demand,” said WernerFunk, president and chief executive officer of OmnitekEngineering Corporation.He noted Metan Market, Ltd. is aggressively engaged in multiple sectors of the CNG supply chain, including compression of natural gas; delivery of CNG for mobile compressor stations, serving private and commercial customers; production of trailers for the transport of CNG;CNG bus and truck sales, in addition to managing the conversion of diesel buses and trucks to operate on CNG.

Funk also noted that Ruston Endüstrieyel has been a pioneerin the conversion of vehicles to operate on liquefiedpetroleum gas (LPG) and CNG since 1964. “Our partnershipwith Ruston Endüstrieyel will enable this highly respectedorganization to offer diesel-to-natural gas conversions, which

is more cost-effective thanreplacing high-pollutingdiesel powered engineswith new natural gas vehicles,” Funk said. “Still in its infantstage, there are currently approximately 500CNG buses andmore than 1.2 millionLPG vehicles in operation inTurkey,” he said.

Apart from that, also inMarch 2009, OmnitekEngineering Corporation announced the appointment of G&WGroup, S.A. as the company’s exclusive agent in Peru and aninitial order valued at approximately USD 4.5 million for its diesel-to-natural gas conversion systems.

About Omnitek Engineering CorporationOmnitek Engineering, Corp. develops and sells new naturalgas engines, as well as proprietary diesel-to-natural gas conversion systems -- providing global customers with innovative alternative energy and emissions control solutionsthat are sustainable, affordable and designed to combat global warming.

Contact: Omnitek Engineering, Corp.1945 S. Rancho Santa Fe Rd, San Marcos, CA 92069, Tel. +1 760 591 0089info@omnitekcorp.com; www.omnitekcorp.com"Supplying alternative energy and emissions control solutionsthat are sustainable and affordable."

BusinessCentreOmnitek Engineering signs exclusive distribution agreements for Bulgaria and Turkey

Compac’s 100th dispenser for Iran and the 1st for Thailand

Compac Industries Ltd, A New Zealand-based dispenser manufacturer has sold100 laser dispensers to Iran, one of Asia’s and the world’s strongest and biggest

NGV countries. Compac local distributor in Iran, Zogico, made the recent sale to anew customer Tam Iran Khodro, the Middle East’s largest auto parts supplier. Tam

has also placed an additional order of 33 dispensers via Zogico.In Thailand, the first Compac dispenser for this country was installed at the Hino

truck factory in Bangkok. Hino’s CNG station is the first privately owned CNG station in this country. Other stations, over 300 units, are

public stations owned by PTT Plc.Compac has also added 160m³/hour of compressor capacity to its CNG

dispenser testing facility, which is now able to test up to 12 dual nozzle dispenserswithin an 8 hour period.

For more information, visit http://www.compacngv.com/home_ngv/

Omnitek’s new CNG engine forHeavy-Duty Vehicles

May 200936

Asian NGV statisticsNGV statistics

Region Total NGVsCars

/LDVsMD/HDBuses

MD/HDTrucks

Othersfuellingstations

Country

Natural Gas Vehicles Refuelling stations

VRAMonthly gasconsumption

(M Nm3)Last update

Total Cars/LDVs MD/HDbuses

MD/HDtrucks Others Total Public Private Under

construction

Fuel Prices

Country

Bangladesh 0,52 0,49 0,34 0,18 0,16 0,18China 0,59 0,56 0,50 0,34 0,30 0,35Egypt 0,24 0,12 0,15 0,06 0,05 0,06India 0,83 0,76 0,53 0,27 0,24 0,28Indonesia 0,55 0,44 0,61 0,23 0,21 0,24Iran 0,110 0,075 0,012 0,015 0,014 0,015Japan 1,39 1,31 1,19 0,68 0,52 0,58Korea 1,07 1,06 0,43 0,39 0,44Kyrgyzstan 0,60 0,70 0,26 0,23 0,27Malaysia 0,51 0,49 0,49 0,19 0,17 0,19Pakistan 1,75 0,62 0,45 0,40 0,46Philippines 0,89 0,87 0,22 0,20 0,23Singapore 1,03 0,92 0,86 0,52 0,46 0,53Tajikistan 0,55 0,45 0,21 0,19 0,22Thailand 0,49 0,47 0,44 0,17 0,15 0,17Uzbekistan 0,49 0,34 0,34 0,11 0,10 0,11Armenia 0,79 0,73 0,71 0,27 0,24 0,28Russia 0,80 0,69 0,70 0,22 0,20 0,23Turkey 1,70 1,60 1,26 0,78 0,68 0,76

PremiumGasoline(Euro/litre)

RegularGasoline(Euro/litre)

Diesel(Euro/litre)

CNG(Euro/Nm3)

CNG price equivalent perlitre gasoline

CNG price equivalent per

litre diesel

World review

Asia Worldwide

6672.386

Cities with stations

Pakistan 2.000.000 1.949.960 40 50.000 2.718 2.718 April 2009Iran 1.215.593 1.209.381 6.200 12 764 703 61 1.003 February 2009India* 700.000 315.200 12.000 715 372.085 500 181 319 52,00 March 2009China* 400.000 231.685 112.755 1.100 54.460 1.336 920 416 230 9 February 2009Bangladesh* 180.000 117.229 3.233 8.355 51.183 296 6 290 13 21,36 November 2008Thailand 140.038 114.758 9.066 14.541 1.673 305 280 25 72 February 2009Russia* 103.000 18.000 8.000 35.000 42.000 226 201 25 12 26,79 December 2008Armenia 101.352 69.971 9.831 19.626 1.924 214 9 205 23,80 March 2008Egypt 101.078 97.523 1.201 1.794 560 118 114 4 16 33,50 December 2008Uzbekistan 47.000 47.000 43 43 4,25 December 2007Malaysia 40.248 40.067 170 11 101 99 2 10 January 2009Japan 35.720 13.778 1.417 19.312 1.213 327 294 33 678 September 2008Myanmar* 22.821 2.902 18.290 4 1.625 37 37 October 2008Korea 19.745 238 19.078 429 130 130 2 13 43,94 April 2009Tajikistan 10.600 10.600 53 53 4,13 December 2007Kyrgyzstan* 6.000 6.000 6 6 0,60 December 2007Singapore 3.609 3.570 30 9 3 3 April 2009Turkey 3.056 2.564 492 9 5 4 35 0,40 July 2008Georgia 3.000 3.000 4 4 December 2007Indonesia 2.550 1.755 335 210 250 9 9 December 2008Australia 2.453 130 1.263 1.060 146 127 19 130 March 2007Vietnam 500 500 1 1 January 2009United Arab Emirates 305 305 0 0 2 1 1 1 March 2007New Zealand 283 180 66 37 14 14 March 2007Philippines 36 11 25 3 1 2 February 2006Taiwan 4 4 1 1 April 2005TOTAL ASIA 5.138.991 4.249.807 203.996 102.178 583.010 7.366 5.945 1.421 1.323 901 210,77WORLD 9.936.444 8.791.609 269.184 148.154 715.357 15.198 13.365 1.816 1.368 9.220 865,63 April 2009Share Asia/World 52% 48% 76% 69% 81% 48% 44% 78% 97% 10% 24%

Asia 4.928.583 4.156.272 185.673 47.552 539.086 6.913

Eurasia 210.408 93.535 18.323 54.626 43.924 453

Africa 226 220 6 7

Europe 885.810 757.131 40.362 33.816 2.617

South&CA. 3.799.277 3.697.951 13.820 9.660 77.846 4.291

North America 112.140 96.000 11.240 2.500 2.400 917

WORLD 9.936.444 8.791.609 269.184 148.154 715.357 15.198