VOLUME 16, NUMBER 8 UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA APRIL 10, 1970

Graduating StudentsFinding Jobs FewerBut Salaries Better

Despite gloomy reports about joboffers for students who will graduate thisspring, early figures from the PlacementBureau at the University indicate thataverage monthly salaries offered havemoved up five to ten percent since lastyear.

Students completing work for amaster's degree in accounting are obtain-ing the best raises. Their average offer hasrisen to $1070 a month, compared to$884 a year ago.

Other average salary offers are:Seniors in economics - up $50 to

$823; seniors in engineering - up $40 to$873; liberal arts seniors - up $15 to$700.

At the master's degree level, salaryoffers are averaging $1018, up $23, forengineers; $1192, up $162, for MBA'swith technical undergraduate degrees; and$1101, an increase of $100, for MBA'swith non-technical undergraduatedegrees.

While Ph.D. candidates are stillreceiving the highest starting salaries, theiroffers have dropped off this year. Theaverage Ph.D. candidate in engineering isbeing offered $1397, compared to $1420a year ago. For the Ph.D. candidate inscience, this year's average offer is $1289,compared to $1325 last spring.

Arthur J. Letcher, director of thePlacement Bureau, commented, "Weknow that there are fewer offers beingmade in all categories. So the collegegraduate will find It harder w et theposition he wants this spring. But thebusiness man continues to recognizetoday's college and university graduate asa valuable investment in the future. Thefact that the right student will still receiveseveral handsome salary offers indicatesthat management is willing to pay apremium for the University graduate."

Committee AnnouncesEarth Week Program

Proton Accelerator To CloseSummary of MarchCouncil Resolutions

The University Council consideredadmission and financial aid, the fundingof the election of student Councilmembers, and the reporting mechanismof two research committees at its regularMarch 11 meeting.

Dr. David R. Goddard, provost,reported admission and financial aidexpectations for the coming year, asoutlined in the story on page 2.

In addition, Dr. Goddard reportedthat spring elections for student membersof Council will be financed through atransfer of funds from the President'scontingency fund to the Council budget.Part of the expense incurred last fall bythe Community of Students in the initialelection of student Council members willalso be charged to the Council budget.Effective with the coming academic year,the Council budget will provide for theelection of student members.

Two resolutions proposed by theCouncil Steering Committee were passed.One provides that "...the Committeefor Implementing University Policy onthe Conduct of Research Programs bemade a standing special subcommittee ofthe Committee on Research of theCouncil, but preserving the present rela-tionship regarding direct reporting by theImplementation Committee to theSenate. The members of this subcommit-tee would be designated by the SteeringCommittee. It would report to theCouncil through the Committee onResearch; however, the Committee onResearch would have the power only toforward the report with comments(rather than make changes as it mightwith ordinary subcommittees)."

The other resolution passed providesthat "...University members of theLiaison Committee to the University CityScience Center should report to theCommittee on Research."

On July 1st, the Princeton-Pennsyl-vania Accelerator will receive its final$2-million from the Atomic EnergyCommission with instructions to termin-ate all AEC operations in the next fiscalyear.

According to Dr. Sherman Frankel,professor of physics, who is the principalinvestigator for the high-energy physicsAEC research contract, there areprobably two basic reasons for the AEC'sdecision to close up shop here - the highcost of building the new 200.400 billion-electron-volt accelerator at the NationalAccelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Ill.,and the general research cutbacks.

"Generally speaking," he says, "basicscience is always in a precarious positionwhen it comes to funding...you canalways find advocates for guns or butter,but this third area has no pressuregroup."

The move, part of a major cutback inFederal funding for basic research forhigh energy physics, may not necessarilyprove economical in the long run, Dr.Frankel says.

"The AEC may be robbing Peter to

pay Paul," he notes, "because the Alter-nating Gradient Synchrotron atBrookhaven (Long Island, N.Y.) which isundergoing engineering changes will bedown extensively over the next two orthree years, and already has a backlog ofresearch work. The NAL at Batavia won'tbe ready for at least another two years.This means that PPA is being shut downbefore the new facilities can take up theslack."

Most of the physicists connectedwith the PPA since its inception in 1962agree that the Government is acting toohastily, according to Dr. Frankel. "Peoplethat have been in the business for sometime are saying that it's a mistake to shutthe machine down now," he says."Nobody expected it to go on forever,but it was doing excellent physics and ata very low cost to the Government. It wasclearly doing useful things."

The ultimate effect on Universityphysics research, fortunately, may be lessthan one might think, Dr. Frankel says,since many professors here are already inthe process of preparing work to be per-formed on accelerators elsewhere,

including Batavia and Brookhaven. Insecondary ways, however, the loss of theaccelerator does affect Pennsylvania."We'll have lost the opportunity to makeessential tests that often insure success inexperiments at larger accelerators," saysDr. Frankel.

The hardest blow of all, he says, fallson those persons with staff jobs at thePPA site in Princeton itself. Only 185remain on the payroll compared withsome 300 a year ago, and this numberwill drop to zero some time next year.

"They have some very talentedpeople there," says Dr. Frankel, "andwe're trying to bring some of them downhere to work, but our own budget gapwill probably limit this to one or two ofthem."

Efforts are afoot, he adds, tocontinue operations at PPA by obtainingfunding from other sources such as theNational Science Foundation. In themeantime, the University's physicsdepartment plans to submit a proposal tothe AEC shortly for a staging area atPennsylvania to prepare for experimentsat the large Government accelerators.

Plans for the Earth Week program(April 16-22) designed to increase publicawareness of ecological and environmentissues call for a group of nationally-known experts to participate in an all-dayteach-in April 22 at Belmont Plateau inFairmount Park.

Sen. Edmund Muskie of Maine; Dr.George Wald, professor of biology atHarvard University; Ian Mdllarg, pro-fessor and chairman of the department oflandscape architecture and regional plan-ning; and Lewis Mumford, historian andauthor of The City in History, will beguests at the April 22 teach-in.

Participating in a public announce-ment on March 16 of the plans for EarthWeek were Edward Furia, attorney andcity planner who is serving as projectdirector; Austan Librach, graduatestudent in city planning at the University;Mr. McHarg; and Thacher Longstreth,executive director of the Greater Philadel-phia Chamber of Commerce.

Regional planning for the GreaterPhiladelphia Earth Week is being coordi-nated from the Earth Week Committee'sregional office in the University's FineArts Building (Room 204).

The Earth Week Committee whichbegan as a group of graduate students inthe area of regional planning in theGraduate School of Fine Arts nowincludes other students, faculty members,businessmen, and civic leaders.

Mr. Furia said that the goals of theEarth Week Committee were: "To informthe community about the nationwide andregional environmental crises and to mo-bilize the community around continuing

programs of positive action aimed atsolving the regional environmentalcrises."

"Perhaps the single most importantfact that will insure Earth Week's con-tinuance is the spirit in which this effortis going forward: this is not a mereprotest which will dissipate its energies inone blow. It is a cooperative, reasonedcontinuing endeavor," he said.

Mr. Furia also said that the commit-tee hopes to create "ecological action" by"participating in public hearings," by"encouraging the public to weigh theenvironmental commitment of personswho run for public office," and byobtaining the "commitment of the publicto weigh the environmental conse-quences of their everyday activities. Weare trying to produce a convocation, nota confrontation between all of thepersons who cause...and who mustcollectively solve, environmentalproblems."

Austan Librach, Earth Week Com-mittee Chairman, said that long rangefollow-up of Earth Week is plannedthrough creation of a permanent EcologyFund to inventory ecological threats, plancourses of correction, and disseminateinformation on both problems and solu-tions.

Thatcher Longstreth, executivedirector of the Philadelphia Chamber ofCommerce said, "It's very interesting thatbusiness has jumped into this. ..andbecome part of the solution when for solong they are part of the problem."

Asked whether Earth Week willdissipate and divert energies away from

the struggle in Vietnam, Dr. Ian McHargnoted "the people who are prepared todestroy the environment are coequallyprepared to destroy their fellow man-kind."

Provost David IL Goddard, issued astatement on March 16, supporting theEarth Week Committee and its activities.

Although "environmental teach-ins"are occurring at over 900 colleges anduniversities throughout the nation, theEarth Week Committee is an independentregional organization. Only the Philadel-phia regional activities are entitled "EarthWeek."

Other Philadelphia Earth Weekactivities will include a signing of aDeclaration of "Interdependence" atIndependence Mail on April 21. Sen.Hugh Scott and Ralph Nader will speakand entertainment will be provided bythe Broadway cast of "Hair" and theAmerican Indian rock group "Red Bone".

Earth Week public symposia arescheduled from April 16 to 22 on thetopics of air pollution, water pollution,population, radiation and noise, solidwaste, health and pathology, and religion.Participants in these seminars will includeRalph Lapp, Helmut Landsberg, PaulEhrllch, Kenneth Watt, and Rene Rubos.

Earth Week marked

am,Include presentations held between April6 and 10 on environmental problems inthe Philadelphia area.

Page 2

University Committee StudyingMinority Employment Report

Naff Testifies forArea Study Centers

Dr. Thomas Naff, director of theUniversity's Modern Near East Languageand Area Center, testified on March 13before the Health, Education and WelfareSubcommittee of the House Appropria-tions Committee concerning proposedreductions in funds for language and areastudy centers which receive support fromNational Defense Education Act (NDEA)funds.

Speaking on behalf of the directorsof NDEA-supported language and areastudy centers at colleges in Pennsylvania,Dr. Naff said that "we (directors)strongly urge that Congress continue itssupport of the National Defense Educa-tion Act for another year at the presentlevel of funding; and that the act beextended until the review is completed,whereupon revisions recommended bythe academic, business and governmentalcommunities can be considered."

"While universities have until nowabsorbed the greater part of the expensesfor training in foreign language and areastudies, steadily rising costs combinedwith cutbacks in normal federal andfoundation assistance have seriouslyreduced their ability to maintain thepresent scale of their support. This condi-tion applies especially to the provision ofstudent fellowships. Nevertheless, in thenational interest, the need for continuedfederal support of international programsL clear and urgent."

Emphasizing the importance ofFederal aid to these language and areastudy programs, Dr. Naff added, "By anystandards, the investment required is amodest one for an undertaking so vitallyimportant and so manifold in its benefits.In relation to massive U.S. involvementoverseas, the expenditure of funds onNDEA is miniscule. It has been calcu-lated, for example, that the total annualallocation to the NDEA program isroughly equivalent to the cost of main-taining the American presence in Vietnamfor six hours."

For the current academic year, theUniversity has been allocated $504,500 inNDEA funds for the language and areastudy centers.

The report of the Subcommittee onLegislative Function of the TaskForce on Governance will be thetopic for a discussion open to allfaculty, staff, and students on April23, at 3 p.m., in the New Fine ArtsBuilding auditorium.

Financial Aid FundsRise to Record High,But Not Up Enough

The University will admit about1825 freshmen and 300 transfer studentsthis fall and will provide a maximum of$2,246,300 in financial aid to freshmen,President Harnwell has announced.

Dr. Harnwell pointed out that eventhis record amount of financial aid forfreshmen may not enable the Universityto offer admission with sufficient finan-cial aid to every qualified applicant.Annual tuition and fees, which totaled$2350 for most University students in1969-70, will be $2550 in 1970-71. Also,dormitory rents have been increased by$50 to $100 per year for the comingyear.

Dr. Harnwell said, "The plain fact ofthe matter is that the cost of highereducation is going up at a rate which wecannot match now with financial aid.That no qualified applicant be deniedadmission because of lack of financialassistance remains the stated goal of thisUniversity; however, fiscal restraints mayimpair our ability to achieve it during thenext year."

Last fall, the freshman class num-bered 1830 and was given $2,092,000 infinancial aid by the University. TotalUniversity-funded financial aid for under-graduates in 1969.70 was $6,093,000. In1970-71, the University will be able toprovide a maximum of $7,563,500 inundergraduate financial aid. Under-graduate enrollment last fall was 7474,and enrollment this fall is expected to beapproximately 7600, including thosepursuing studies in the allied medicalprofessions.

Dr. George A. Schlekat, dean ofadmissions and financial aid, said theincoming freshman class will have 100more girls in it - 650 rather than 550 asin the fall of 1969. Also, he hasannounced that of the 300 transferstudents to be admitted, 200 will bewomen.

These two steps, made possible bycompletion of the new residentialfacilities, are expected to lead to anenrollment of just over 2800 women.

Dr. Schlekat said the intellectualdevelopment of both men and womenstudents will benefit from a more evenlybalanced enrollment.

An 88-page study showing how a private university can increase minorityemployment in the construction trades has been issued by the HumanResources Center.

The report was completed in December after a year's research and hassince been under study by an ad hoc committee reporting to PresidentGaylord P. Harnwell. This committee is examining the feasibility of thereport's recommended strategies for bringing nonwhites into constructionjobs, with a view to finding procedures that can prove acceptable to unions,contractors, and all groups involved.

From the alternatives explored, it ishoped there will come a new "PennPlan," similar to the Chicago Plan, thatcan eventually serve as a model for Phila-delphia.

In its research report, the Centersuggests five possible methods that theUniversity or any local institution coulduse to begin employing greater numbersof nonwhites in its construction program:

1. Award a portion of its contractsto nonwhite contractors and subcontrac-tors.

2. Provide, in its outside contractswith building contractors, for the use of agreater number of apprentices on Univer-sity jobsites.

3. Increase on-the-job trainingprovisions in such contracts.

4. Arrange for entrance of skillednonwhites from the community asjourneymen onto University building sitesthrough three-way agreements of theUniversity, the unions, and contractors.With union agreement, it would beexpected that these journeymen enter theunion.

5. Provide in outside contracts forthe hiring, on-the-job training, upgrading,and eventual union entrance of semiskilledworkers from the community who havehad initial training at construction-tradetraining institutions.

All of these steps would requireunion, contractor, and communityconsultation at each stage.

The Center report also recommendsthat steps be taken internally to hire andupgrade more nonwhites in University

departments that employ members\ ofconstruction trades. It calls for appoint-ment of an equal-employment officer toaid such departments in extending theeffectiveness of the University's presentequal opportunity rules.

Finally, the report outlines a pro-gram for recruiting qualified nonwhitesthrough cooperation with city-wideorganizations which already have jobtraining programs in operation.

Priority in employment should begiven to residents of the nearby WestPhiladelphia neighborhood when possible,

the report suggests, in order to make jobaccess easier for the employees.

Under the direction of Dr. HowardE. Mitchell, 1907 Foundation Professorof Human Resources, the Center's reportwas prepared by Mrs. Marion B. Fox,research associate and project coordinatorof the minority employment study, andJames S. Roberts, assistant coordinator.

Francis M. Betts III, assistant to thepresident for external affairs, has servedas coordinator of the ad hoc committeestudying the Center report. Members ofthe committee are Dr. Mitchell; Mrs. Fox;Arthur R. Freedman, director of planningand design; John C. Hetherston, vicepresident for coordinated planning; JohnH. Keyes, business manager; Harold E.Manley, vice president for business andfinancial affairs; Marvin C. Rees, fieldcoordinator of the Management ScienceCenter; Andrew T. Sullivan, coordinatorof community-related programs; and Dr.George W. Taylor, Harnwell Professor ofIndustry.

The University's policy to date hasbeen one of equal employment, Dr. Ham-well said, but it is now the intent of theUniversity "to move beyond the numeri-cal quota system underlying the Philadel-phia Plan, and to concentrate on basicissues of training, upgrading, and perman-ent affiliation for minority workers, boththrough direct action by the Universityand through its influence as a consumerupon the contractors who serve thecampus."

Dr. Harnwell said the new policiesil! probably lead to an increase in the

nunumber o negotiated contracts: asopposed to low-bid contract awards. Inthe recent past, the University hassuccessfully negotiated contracts withminority-owned businesses for the reno-vation of academic units in College Halland at 3815 Walnut Street. It expects tonegotiate similar ones in the futurethrough the cooperation of the Generaland Speciality Contractors' Associationof Philadelphia and the Urban Coalition,as recommended in the Human ResourcesCenter study.

Halpern To Query Quirks of QuarksAccording to the most popular

version of the story, James Joyceinvented the word in Finnegan's Wakeand later a couple of world-famousphysicists used it to tag a new kind oftheoretical particle which might exist, butno one had ever seen.

Consequently, ever since 1964, whenNobelist Dr. Murray Gell-Mann and hiscolleague, Dr. George Zweig of theCalifornia Institute of Technology cameup with the idea, high-energy physicistsaround the world have been hot on thetrail of the elusive, but mighty "quark."And come this summer, a University ofPennsylvania Team will travel to theUniversity of California's BerkeleyCampus to join in the hunt - a search forsomething that even its inventors serious-ly doubt exists.

Dr. Julius Halpern, Professor ofPhysics at the University, will lead a jointproject including Dr. William Frati, aPennsylvania post-doctoral researchassociate; Dr. Mirko Nussbaum, associateprofessor of physics and Dr. WalterCamnahan, assistant professor of physicsat the University of Cincinnati; and threePennsylvania Ph.D. candidates, GlennSnape, Philip Hargis and Robert Gerlach,in Bevatron experiments involving quarks- fundamental particles of great massfrom which all other subnuclear particlescan theoretically be constructed.

In the 1930's, physicists were con-tent to account for most of thebehavioral and structural characteristics

of the various elements with such basicunits as electrons, protons and neutrons.But by the time scientists had learned tosplit the nucleus of the atom by hurlingelectrically-charged particles through anaccelerator, or "atom smasher" as it wasfirst called, all sorts of visible subnuclearparticles started to crop up that couldn'tbe justified in terms of existing theories.

In other words, even protons andneutrons seemed to consist of ultraele-mentary units whose properties could notbe mathematically deduced.

Scientists, attempting to establishorder among these dozens of new ultra-mentary particles, found that if theyarranged them theoretically, they cameup with certain symmetrical patternscalled "octets" or "nonets," dependingon whether they comprised eight or nineof the new subatomic particles. Eventu-ally, these in turn were broken down intostill more simple units.

By the end of the 1950's, Gell-Mannand Zweig both postulated the mathe-matical existence of quarks; and protonsand neutrons, in turn, became quark"molecules," or the smallest identifiableunits of the various quark groupings.

However, unlike all the other par-ticles that have been postulated over theyears - pions, muons, neutrinos and soon - no one had ever seen a quark untillast year when Australian physicistsclaimed they had detected five "quarkevents" in some 66,000 particle tracksmade in a cloud chamber exposed to

cosmic ray showers. Considerable doubtstill remains, though, as to exactly whatthe Australians did see, or what mighthave caused the tracks to appear.

First of all, quarks are supposed tohave great mass - certainly greater than2.5 billion electron volts (ReV) accordingto Dr. Halpemn - so tremendous energywould be required to shake them loose.Secondly, even if this can be done, freequarks would be extremely rare sincethey would tend to combine with eachother quite readily to form new particles.Scientists at the CERN laboratory inGeneva used 27 BeV protons in attemptsto make quarks, and the Russians alsotried with their giant 76 BeV acceleratorat Serpukhov. Both failed to producevisible results.

If physicists succeed in eventuallyproducing a true quark, they will be ableto spot it by its weak ionized trail in thecloud chamber. Ionization trails dependon a particle's charge rather than its mass,and quarks, although postulated to havegreat mass, are expected to have only afractional charge (less than one full elec-tron) with accompanying fractionalionization. The quark track then wouldbe about 50 percent weaker than that ofany other particle tracks in the sametarget.

Unlike others on the trail of thequark, however, Dr. Halpern's team won'tnecessarily have to spot the actual thingto know if it's really there. Using the 6BeV proton accelerator at Berkeley, his

team will probe the K*(1420) boson,whose mass is some three times greaterthan a normal K meson and which is amember of the same octet as the A2meson which is already suspected ofhaving quark-like properties.

The team hopes to hurl a pi-meson(pion) into a liquid hydrogen target andmake a lambda particle and a K* particlewhich will decay in turn into a protonand a negative pion (at 10-10 seconds) anda K and a neutral pion (at 10-8 seconds)respectively.

Since they know how to identify theproperties of the lambda particle bymeasuring the angles and energies of itsdecay products, they can do the samething to identify the properties of theK*.

"Here's a way we can put our fingeron the quark more definitely," says Dr.Halpern. "We don't know its mass, butthis will show up anyway without ouractually having to see it. But most scien-tists would love to actually 'see' a quark,because they explain a lot of things quitebeautifully."

Quarks, if proven to exist, mayexplain many unsolved mysteries of theUniverse according to a recent reportfrom the American Institute of Physics,including the stupendous energy ofquasars (quasi-stellar objects) and thenuclear burning of our own sun.

The current project is being fundedby a $200,000 yearly grant from theAtomic Energy Commission.

$620,000 GrantedFor Ph.D. Programs

The Graduate School of Arts andSciences has received a Ford Foundationgrant of $620,000 for continued supportof reform in Ph.D. programs in the socialsciences and humanities.

In 1966, a new four-year Ph.D.program was developed by Dr. Robert M.Lumiansky, chairman of the Englishdepartment, and his colleagues, and wasinstituted as a pilot project. Dr. Lumian-sky presented this plan for a moreefficient doctoral program to the FordFoundation, which decided to adopt andexpand the plan as a seven-year project toreform American doctoral studies in thesocial sciences and humanities. Reformgoals are establishment of systematicprograms for graduate study and reduc-tion of the time required to earn thePh.D.

The four-year program has thefollowing pattern: First year, course workonly; second year, continuation ofcourses and teaching training throughapprenticeship to a professor; third year,completion of courses and general exami-nations, service as a teaching fellow, andbeginning of work on the dissertation;and fourth year, completion of thedissertation.* * * * * * *

Other Ford Foundation grants,totaling $475,000, will go to theAmerican Academy of Arts and Sciences'Assembly on University Goals andGovernance, of which Martin Meyerson,president-elect, is chairman. SinceSeptember, 1969, the Assembly has beenreappraising the goals of universities andthe distribution of responsibilities inrelation to institutions' basic functions.

The 9th Annual UniversityHospital Antiques Show opensTuesday, April 21, at 12 noon.Hours are noon to 10 p.m. April 21through 24 and 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.on April 25. Admission will be$2.50; student admission $1.50.

Winter Teams HaveAll-Time Best Year

University winter sports teams thisseason compiled their all-time best won-lost record. The Quakers achieved anoverall record of 68-13 and a 36-17record in Ivy League competition.

Six of the seven varsity teams hadwinning seasons, paced by basketball's25-2 record. Squash was next with an 8-1record.

This year's winter record topped lastyear's, which was the best since the1933-34 era.

In Ivy League competition, Penn hadthe best winter sports season, Princetonwas second, and Columbia was third. Allother universities settled for less than.500 seasons.

The University fields winter sportsteams in basketball, fencing, hockey,squash, swimming, track, and wrestling.

Fellowships NamedFor Dr. Fontaine

The University fellowships for educa-tionally or culturally deprived studentshave been renamed Fontaine Fellowshipsin honor of the late Dr. William T.Fontaine, professor of philosophy from1947 until his death in 1968.

Dr. Daniel O'Kane, acting dean ofthe Graduate School of Arts andSciences, said, "There could be no moreappropriate connection than that betweenthe purpose of these fellowships and Dr.Fontaine's belief in equal educationalopportunity."

Each applicant for a FontaineFellowship must be sponsored by one ofthe 63 graduate groups of the GraduateSchool of Arts and Sciences. Ninegraduate groups - Anatomy, English,Folklore, History, History of Art,

Linguistics, Molecular Biology, OrientalStudies, and Philosophy - are sponsoringthe twelve current Fontaine Fellows.

Dr. Fontaine, like a number ofholders of the fellowships honoring him,faced serious obstacles to obtaining acollege education. Always a popularteacher, Dr. Fontaine saw philosophy notas "strictly academic," but as the founda-tion for human society. It was hisconviction that "all social problems aremoral problems, ultimately," and hisbook "Reflections. . ." was critical ofboth the black power advocates andparticipants in the "white backlash." Heonce said that this book was not merelysomething he had written - it was hislife.

Provost NominationCommittee Appointed

Faculty appointments to a commit-tee to nominate a Provost of the Univer-sity to succeed Dr. David R. Goddardhave been announced by William G.Owen, secretary of the University. Dr.Goddard plans to retire in December.

Chairman of the committee will beNoyes E. Leech, professor of law. He wassuggested by the University SenateAdvisory Committee, as were the follow-ing committee members: Dr. HerbertCallen, professor of physics and chair-man-elect of the Senate; Dr. MalcolmCampbell, associate professor of thehistory of art and vice-dean of theCollege; Dr. Stuart W. Churchill, Carl V.S. Patterson Professor of ChemicalEngineering; Dr. Philip DeLacy, professorand chairman of classical studies; Dr.Lawrence R. Klein, Benjamin FranklinProfessor of Economics; and Dr. FredKarush, professor of microbiology in theSchool of Medicine.

Two members of the committee werenominated by President Harnwell. Theyare Dr. Jean B. Crockett, professor offinance; and Harold E. Manley, vice-president for business and financialaffairs.

Dr. Harnwell has asked the Com-munity of Students and the GraduateStudents Association to nominate studentmembers to the advisory committee.

Wharton To OfferHealth Care Major

The Wharton School will offer healthcare administration as a major within theMBA degree program, beginning this fall.

Dr. Willis J. Winn, dean of the Whar-ton School, said, "We need to educateleaders not only for the traditionalpositions in business, finance, and com-merce, but also to prepare them forpublic administration and the servicesector which includes our growingnumber of nonprofit organizations. Thisservice sector is becoming more distinctas an area of academic study."

"Management study relative tohealth care services is of particular impor-tance in light of the significance of healthcare to the nation as well as the magni-tude of the industry, which now accountsfor over $63 billion a year."

The new major program will beadministered through the Leonard DavisInstitute of Health Economics, an inter-disciplinary institute founded at theUniversity in late 1967. Six new courseswill be offered within the major: Struc-ture, Organization, and Function of theHealth Enterprise; Administration ofHealth Institutions and Programs; Com-munity Medicine and Health Planning;Health Care Costs; Health Care Financing;and Contemporary Issues in the Planningand Evaluation of Health Services.

Dr. Robert D. Eilers, executivedirector of the Leonard Davis Institute ofHealth Economics; Dr. William L. Kissick,chairman of the community medicinedepartment of the School of Medicine;and Howard Newman, associate adminis-trator of the Hospital of the University ofPennsylvania, were instrumental inestablishing the new major. They wereaided by faculty committees of both theWharton School and the Medical School.

A Center for the Study of FinancialInstitutions has been established at theLaw School under the direction ofRobert H. Mundheim, professor of law,to conduct research on the problemsposed by the rapid growth of financialinstitutions such as banks, insurancefirms, mutual funds, and stock brokeragefirms.

In addition to pursuing researchprojects, the Center will develop courseprograms.

The Center, the first of its kind in anAmerican law school, will be fully opera-tional by September. Staffing andoperating costs are being met by giftsfrom private sources.

A 13-member Advisory Council willassist the Center by serving as a source ofinformation, but will not have responsi-bility for Center projects. Members of the

Law School EstablishesFinancial Study Center

advisory committee are investmentbankers, stock brokers, lawyers, univer-sity faculty members, and a commissionerof the U.S. Securities and ExchangeCommission.

Mundheim said, "It is appropriate tohave such a Center located at a law schoolbecause traditionally the task of regula-ting financial institutions has been leftprimarily to lawyers and it is likely thatlawyers will continue to play an impor-tant role in the future development of theregulatory climate."

"It is expected that a number of theresearch projects undertaken by the newCenter will be carried out in collaborationwith the Financial Research Center of theWharton School. Training lawyers to usesuch a multi-sided approach is one of thesignificant contributions a law schoolcenter of this sort can make."

Mundheim expects that the Securi-ties and Exchange Commission's study ofinstitutional investors, the hearing on theminimum commission rate structure, andstudies recently undertaken by suchprivate groups as the stock exchanges andthe Investment Company Institute will,for the first time, produce a substantialbody of information on which futureresearch and instruction may be based.

Graduate Peace ResearchProgram Established

A master's and doctoral degreeprogram in peace research, the firstprogram of its kind at a university inNorth America, has been established inthe Graduate School of Arts andSciences. The first students will beenrolled in September.

The graduate group in peace researchwill be under the direction of Dr. WalterIsard, chairman of the regional sciencedepartment. Dr. Isard is executive secre-tary and a former president of the PeaceResearch Society (International) whichhas headquarters at the Wharton School.

Dr. Isard said, "In this program...we hope to pull together the best know-ledge in several academic disciplines toapproach the problems of research onpeace in new ways."

"Because of our programs in regionalscience, public policy, operationsresearch, and economics, as well as thosein history, psychology, and sociology,this is a particularly advantageous placefor research on the problems related toachieving peace," he added.

Dr. Isard continued, "While the areaof peace research has just become recog-nized as a major multidisciplinary fieldfor social science study where highquality research and teaching are takingplace, it is anticipated that there will be astrong demand for analysts trained in thisfield from existing university departmentsas well as from research institutes andgovernment agencies."

Joining Dr. Isard as faculty membersof the graduate group in peace researchwill be Dr. Lawrence R. Klein, BenjaminFranklin Professor of Economics; Dr.Thomas L. Saaty, chairman of thegraduate group in operations research;and Dr. Julius Margolis, director of theFels Institute of Local and State Govern-ment and chairman of the graduate groupin public policy analysis.

It is expected that enrollment in thepeace research graduate program willultimately total about 15. The GraduateSchool of Arts and Sciences plans toadmit three to five students to beginstudies this fall.

The basic orientations of thegraduate group in peace research are,first, studies toward the underlyingtheory of conflict and conflict manage-ment as they relate to interaction ofnations, communities, culture, govern-mental and business organizations, ethnicgroups, interest groups, religious institu-tions, and individuals in their psycho-logical, economic, social, and politicalcontexts; and, second, the developmentof methodology and techniques ofanalysis for effective examination ofconflict problems and for the design ofcooperative procedures to provide guide-lines for consistent public policies andgroup and private decisions for copingwith conflict. It is expected that researchwill be heavily mathematical.

Most course work will be drawn fromexisting offerings in social sciencesdepartments, although a basic seminar onthe problems of peace research will beoffered. Scholars who already hold aPh.D. degree will be invited to participatein the program as postdoctoral fellows.

Dr. Klein is presently conducting astudy in the department of economicsconcerning the impact of disarmamentand of conversion from military to socialwelfare and civilian expenditure pro-grams. This study, which was initiallyrelated to the national economy, will beextended to show regional impacts and toincorporate in a single model the regionalinput-output impact analysis previouslydirected by Dr. Isard and others. Thismodel may also be extended to linkvarious nations with the world economyto show the implications of one nation'spolicies on international trade and theinternal development of other nations.

Under Dr. Saaty's direction, studiesare being conducted on the application ofmathematical structures from physical,

biological, and social sciences to thestudy of conflict and conflict resolution.

A new research program under thedirection of Dr. Margolis will begin withemphasis on formal policy-analyticmodels, the operations of the politicalsystem and bureaucratic organizations,and the analysis of social objectives.Particular emphasis will be given to socialwelfare formulations and evaluation ofpublic decision-making structures at alllevels of government.

Under Dr. Isard, research is beingconducted on joint policy analysis ininterdependent decision situationsinvolving two or more participants, andon the development of cooperativeprocedures for the management andcontrol of conflict. This research willdraw on the game-theoretic and mathe-matical structures as they are developedby the group under Dr. Saaty, theestimated economic welfare magnitudesderived by the group under Dr. Klein, andthe analysis of feasible alternatives ofpolicy from the group under Dr. Margolis.

Almanac is published during the academicyear by the University for the informa-tion of its faculty and staff.News items should be sent by the first ofthe month to:

Editor510 Franklin Building

Business Editors MeetAt Wharton Seminar

Willard Rappelye, editor of the American Banker Robert Nichols, Special Assistant tothe Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve and Irwin Friend, Richard K. MellonProfessor of Finance at the Wharton School discuss with Albert L. Kraus of the NewYork Times their panel on business and financial reporting at the Wharton Seminar forBusiness Writers, February 17, 1970.

At a break in the Wharton Seminar, (left to right)Dan Coughlin, business editor ofthe Post-Intelligencer, Seattle, Washington, Ralph Thornton of the Minneapolis (Minn.)Star, Charles H. Quinton, of the Chattanooga (Tenn.) Times, and Lindley B. Richert ofthe Commercial Appeal, Memphis, Tenn., discuss finance and commerce in DietrichHall.

Twenty-three business editors andeditorial writers from newspapers acrossthe country visited the campus for threedays in February for classes, briefings,and a special panel program on businesswriting. All were part of the secondannual Wharton Seminar for BusinessWriters, presented by members of theWharton School faculty and directed byWilliam M. Alrich, of the University'sPublic Relations Office and WhartonNews Officer.

Topics covered in the Seminar were:Monetary and Fiscal Policy, by AssociateProfessor Arthur M. Freedman; Bankingand Finance in our Economy, by Profes-sor Jack Guttentag and AssociateProfessor Edward S. Herman; Account-ing, Auditing and Financial Reporting byProfessors Sam Sapienza and Peter H.Knutson; Impact of Government onFinancial Reporting by Assistant Profes-sors Matthew J. Stephens and Edward W.Brennan; and Forecasting with anEconometric Model, by ProfessorLawrence R. Klein.

A special session on research featuredProfessor Irwin Friend describing hismajor study of the savings and loanindustry, and Professor Oliver Williamsonon the development of the firm.

The open panel on business writingdiscussed "The Challenge to EconomicCommunications." Robert Nichols,

Special Assistant to the Board ofGovernors of the Federal Reserve System,served as moderator. Members ,f thepanel included Edwin Dale. Jr. of theNew York Times J. A. Livingston, syndi-cated columnist with the PhiladelphiaEvening Bulletin and Willard Rappelye,editor of The American Banker. Whartonfaculty members on the panel wereProfessors Irwin Friend, Lawrence R.Klein, and Herbert S. Denenberg.

Members of the American Society ofBusiness Writers and the National Con-ference of Editorial Writers were invitedto attend the Seminar, which wasdesigned "to encourage new writers tospecialize in business writing" and "toprovide in-depth information on currentbusiness topics."

Participants this year represented 21different newspapers from the BostonGlobe to the St Petersburg (Florida)Times and the Post-Intelligencer inSeattle, Washington.

Funds for the Seminar were providedby sponsors, including the New YorkTimes the Philadelphia Evening Bulletinthe Philadelphia Inquirer the InsuranceCompany of North America, Bell Tele-phone of Pennsylvania, American Tele-phone and Telegraph, InternationalTelephone and Telegraph, and Sun OilCompany.

Solace for the Restive CaptiveWritten and illustrated by Dr. Dale R. Coman

Naturalists, almost by definition,have a strong preference for a wildernessenvironment, but few are so ingenious asto be able to wangle a living from thepristine. Most have to settle for a dichoto-mous existence in which the city must beendured to acquire sufficient funds forsurvival in our complex civilization.However, the dyed-in-the-wool variety ofnature crank inevitably discovers a bushor a bug or a bird wherever he is, andwith the discovery comes a measure ofsolace to temper his sadness and bitter-ness as a restive captive of the Establish-ment.

An urban university campus, evenone so thickly covered with buildings,sidewalks, streets, and parking lots as ourown, may serve as a sort of oasis withinthe even more inhospitable concrete,brick, and macadam barrens of the city.Despite this abundance of rock, it isinteresting that no lichens form varie-gated gray-green patinas. Lichens cannottolerate the foul atmosphere we breathe.

An occasional bat, opossum,raccoon, or skunk makes the mistake ofwandering in from the city fringes orsuburbs, but these invaders are speedilyrounded up by the police, firemen, andother valiant protectors of the public, andthe campus is left once more to itsresident mammalian population ofpeople, gray squirrels, house pets,Norway rats, house mice, and laboratoryanimals.

The relative dearth of flora, aquaticand terrestrial, coupled with the expertiseof the professional exterminator, drastic-ally reduces the potential insectpopulation, and there are few nichesavailable to fish, reptiles, or amphibia onUniversity grounds.

Our most energetic commuters, thebirds, can and do drop in during thespring and fall periods of migration, andsome species still manage to find places inwhich to nest and even to rear someyoung in our frenetic midst.

The Botanical Garden, tightlysqueezed behind the Richards Building,the Old Medical School Building, and apaved parking lot, continues to functionas a miniature sanctuary. This little areacontains some fine specimens of bothnative and exotic trees and other plants.and its wee pond harbors some paintedturtles, red-eared turtles, and a few frogsand golden carp. And, of course, birds.

Over the years, more of them than Ichoose to count, several of us have com-bined our observations to list 144 speciesof birds seen in, or flying over, this tinyscrap of verdure on our campus. Among

those listed are 33 kinds of warblers and17 different members of the sparrow andfinch clan. Some of the more interestingrarities for such a city-besieged refuge arewoodcock, spotted sandpiper, solitarysandpiper, greater yellowlegs, snowyegret, kingfisher, eight species of fly-catchers, 10 kinds of hawks, blue-graygnatcatcher, summer tanager, andLincoln's sparrow.

Among the hawks listed is the baldeagle, which flew over on at least twooccasions, a bird now rapidly disappear-ing from the eastern United States.Another hawk listed, now becoming rare,is the Cooper's hawk.

One may also see birds of the flyingvariety on the central campus greenbetween the library and College Hall. Onmany sunny May mornings, following aclear night with southwesterly winds, youcan stroll through this part of the campusand identify twenty or more species ofmigrants, including many of the warblersand vireos, as well as tanagers, orioles,rose-breasted grosbeaks, and jays. Mour-ning doves start singing early in Marchand nest usually late in that month orearly in April. Cardinals, robins, mocking-birds, English sparrows, starlings,nighthawks, screech owls, and barn owlsare among the birds which still nestwithin the city.

The wood thrush once nested in thisarea of Philadelphia and was a commonbird on the lawns, but it is seldom seenhere now. Until recently, the handsomeperegrine falcon, or duck hawk, nested onCity Hall, but it has now been eliminatedas a nesting bird in the eastern UnitedStates, one of the sad casualties of DDT

There are, then, other living thingsthan students, faculty members, adminis-trators, vermin, and pets on campus -not so easily heard as students, perhaps,nor of so many varieties as facultymembers, so impressively conspicuous asadministrators, nor as ubiquitous asvermin and pets - but, I think, with somethings to communicate well worth thesmall effort that is required of us torecognize their presence among us and toattend to their message.