APPENDIX

VON BALTHASAR'S IDEAL THEOLOGY

It is well known that von Balthasar spent the early years of his theological career studying the patristic period of Christianity. I When one considers the dominant view in that period of what an ideal theology, as well as what an ideal theologian, should consist in, it soon becomes apparent how great is the patristic influence on his thought. Certainly, both his ideal theology and his conception of what a Christian theologian should be clearly show the influence that the patristic period had on him.

In this appendix, I first draw out some of the features of the dominant view held within the patristic period2 of an ideal theology and an ideal theologian-a view which had such a marked effect on von Balthasar. I then discuss his proposals for the way forward in theology-proposals which incorporate the specific ideal which he draws from the patristic period. Thus, in this appendix, I shed further light on von Balthasar's appeal for a return to a more integrated approach to theology.

(a) The Early Centuries

If we are to gain any further insight into von Balthasar's conception of what both theology and theologians ought to be, then we must take into considera­tion what, for him, was the definitive period of Christian theology-namely, the early centuries of Christianity. The most relevant feature of this period,

1 Indeed, von Balthasar's ·fIrst significant theological pUblications were in Patristics. See Hans Urs von Balthasar, Kosmische Liturgie. Hohe und Krise des griechischen Weltbilds bei Maximus Confessor (Freiburg: Herder, 1941); Hans Urs von Balthasar, Die Gnost­ischen Centurien des Maximus Confessor (Freiburg: Herder, 1941); and Hans Urs von Balthasar, Presence et Pensee. Essai sur fa Philosophie Refigieuse de Gregoire de Nysse (Paris: Beauchesne, 1942). 2Unfortunately, it is beyond the scope of the present work to provide a detailed treatment of this period. What follows is a brief summary.

202 THE APOLOGETIC VALUE OF HUMAN HOLINESS

if one is to appreciate his proposals for the way forward in theology, is how certain of the Church Fathers conceived of themselves as theologians. And after one has engaged in even a cursory study of the patristic period, the moment one then turns to examine von Balthasar's conception of the ideal theologian and the ideal theology, there can be little doubt that this period furnishes him with his ideal?

How, then, did the Greek Fathers understand the word 'theology', and what was their conception of the theologian? According to Aime Solignac,4 the Fathers of the Church originally followed the prevailing usage of the time, which was basically the same as in Greek antiquity. However, it became increasingly apparent to them that what was new in the Christian mystery required a new meaning to be given both to 'theology' and to 'theologian'. From that moment onwards, as Solignac observes, 'the Fathers were conscious of the requirements which the true theologian must satisfy: interior purification, contemplation and respect for the mystery of God.,5

Solignac divides the history of the Fathers into three periods. What distinguishes the first period, which ends in the third century, is the develop­ment by the Church Fathers of a new way of speaking about God. Clement of Alexandria (c. 150-215) and Origen (c. 185-254) stand out. Origen is of particular interest, for, in his view, Jesus (as saviour) was to be regarded as the primary theologian.

The second period is dominated by the various controversies that occurred during the fourth century-controversies which stimulated certain devel­opments in the thought of the Church Fathers. As Solignac amplifies: 'the orthodox authors were obliged to respond to the attacks of the Arians, semi­Arians, and pneumatics, and this resulted in their writings becoming more

3 Indeed, there can be no doubt that the patristic period of Christianity, and the views of the Greek Church Fathers in particular, provided von Balthasar with his conception of the ideal theologian and the ideal theology. And given the extent of the influence of the ideas of the Greek Fathers on von Balthasar's views, it is not surprising that his conception of the ideal relation between theology, holiness, and philosophy seems to have more in common with that conception held today in the Eastern Christian tradition (which has descended directly from the Greek Fathers) than with that which prevails in the Latin. 4See Aime Solignac, 'Le mot et sa signification', Part One of Aime Solignac and Raymond Winling, 'Theologie', in Dictionnaire de Spiritualite: ascetique et mystique, doctrine et histoire, Volume 15 (Paris: Beauchesne, 1991), columns 463-487. Solignac provides an excellent summary of theology in the patristic period, and von Balthasar's understanding of authentic Christian theology can easily be recognised in Solignac's portrayal of the developing views of the Church Fathers, particularly in his depiction of the thinking of the Greek Fathers. ~ This and the following translations from Solignac are my own. The original reads: 'les Peres prennent conscience des exigences auxquelle doit satis!aire Ie veritable theologian: pUrification interieure, contemplation et respect du mystere de Dieu'. Ibid., col. 464.

VON BALTHASAR'S IDEAL THEOLOGY 203

systematic. Nevertheless, they continued to emphasise the divine mystery and, thus, the difficulty of "speaking about God". ,6 Solignac regards the thinking of Athanasius (c. 296-377) as representative of this period, and quotes him as saying: 'anyone wishing to understand the thinking of the "theologians" must first of all purify his way of living ... in order that, through being united to them by the conduct of his life, he would also understand that which God has revealed to them. ,7

The third period can be characterised as the time when the Church Fathers came to view theology as comprising a mystical knowledge of God. It was at this time that Evagrius Ponticus (346-99) observed: 'If you are a theologian, you will truly pray, and if you truly pray, you are a theologian.'8 Moreover, and significantly, theology was understood during this period as a charism­for example, by Diadochus de Photice (fifth century), who explicitly refers to the 'charism of theology'. Most interestingly, perhaps, in explicating Diadochus' Gnostic Chapters, Solignac adds: 'the theologian is designated as the one most apt to "speak about God". It appears that "the theological soul" is really "the contemplative soul" ... which knows God in its contempla­tion. It is then able to communicate this knowledge to others, and thus theology becomes "discourse about God". ,9

Indeed, in concluding his survey of the patristic period, Solignac, while acknowledging the polyvalence of the tenn 'theologia', points out that during the time of the Church Fathers 'theologia' continuously included within its extension both the knowledge of God and the manner of speaking about God. Moreover,

for the Fathers, this knowledge and this discourse, at the same time as requiring the work of reason as well as criticism, always presupposes a way of living which puts the human intelligence in accord with God, whom they seek. Most of them

6 Solignac writes: 'Cependant les attaques des ariens, semi-ariens, pneumatoques, obligent les auteurs orthodoxes a leur opposer des arguments qui donnent deja a leurs ecrits une allure systematique. En [sic.] meme, ils insistent sur Ie mystere divin, et donc sur la difji­culte de "parler de Dieu '''. Ibid., col. 467. 7 The French reads: 'celui qui veut comprendre la pensee des "theologiens" doit au prealable purifier sa maniere de vivre ... afin que, uni a eux par la conduite de sa vie, il comprenne aussi ce que Dieu leur a reveie.' Athanasius, The Incarnation of the Word, 57.1, cited in Solignac, 'Le mot et sa signification', op. cit. 8 'Si tu es theologian, tu prieras vraiment, et si tu pries vraiment, tu es theologien' . Evagrius Ponticus, Traite de I'oraison (Paris: 1960), cited in Solignac, 'Le mot et sa signification', op. cit., col. 469. 9 The French reads: 'Ie theologien est designe comme Ie plus apte a "parler de Dieu ". II reste que "I'ame theologienne" est bien "I' ame contemplative" ... qui connait Dieu dans sa contemplation. Elle peut ensuite communiquer cette connaissance aux autres, et la theologie devient alors "discours sur Dieu ,., . Ibid., col. 470.

204 THE APOLOGETIC VALUE OF HUMAN HOLINESS

also recognised that theology is, above all, a grace and a charism: only God teaches one how to speak about God. 1 0

It is surely beyond question that von Balthasar's own understanding of the terms 'theology' and 'theologian' draws its inspiration largely from this period. There are clear parallels between, on the one hand, his insistence on a harmony between teaching and life, or theology and holiness, and on the other hand, the patristic understanding of what it is to be a theologian and what theology consists in. With respect to theology in particular, the par­allelism is striking in two major respects-namely, the joint emphasis on: (1) theology as a rational activity, which presupposes a life in accord with God-a holy life; and (2) theology as a gift of grace or, in other words, as a charism--or, in Balthasarian terms, theology as a mission. Furthermore, the Greek patristic theologians, by and large, considered theology to be united with, what we now refer to as, spirituality-a view which is clearly similar to that which von Balthasar advocates.

Now, regarding the patristic perspective on this union, Solignac does con­cede that

the distinction between theologia and oikonomia . .. appears more or less in the whole of the Greek tradition. Theologia, on the whole, designates the mystery of God in Himself; oikonomia designates the divine 'dispensation', in history, of grace and salvation. But this is really a distinction rather than an opposition. II

SO, while the Greek Fathers certainly drew a distinction between 'theologia' and 'oikonomia', that is not to say that they saw them as being opposed. In other words, authentic 'theology' can, in truth, be distinguished from 'living a holy life'. But it is, in practice, always united with it-just as we can distinguish 'colour' and 'shape', even though they are invariably found to­gether. And this unity between authentic theology and the living of a holy life is, for von Balthasar, one of the hallmarks of the patristic period of Christian theology. Moreover, it is precisely this distinction-within-unity which he seeks to re-establish in his own work.

However, von Balthasar does recognise that his aim may appear naIve in

10 In the original: 'pour les Peres, cette connaissance et ce discours, meme s'its exigent un travail de raisonnement et de critique, presupposent toujours une maniere de vivre qui mette ['intelligence humaine en accord avec Dieu qu'ils cherchent. La plupart d 'entre eux reconnaissent aussi que la theologia est d'abord une grace et un charisme: Dieu seul apprenda parler de Dieu.' Ibid., col. 472. 11 The French reads: 'la distinction entre theologia et oikonomia ... apparait plus ou moins dans la tradition grecque tout entiere. Theologia designe plutot Ie mystere de Dieu lui­meme, oikonomia la 'dispensation' divine de la grace et du salut dans ['histoire. Mais if s 'agit d 'une distinction et non d'une opposition.' Ibid., col. 469.

VON BALTHASAR'S IDEAL THEOLOGY 205

view of the way in which theology is, on the whole, practised today. Indeed, the contrast between his conception of theology-as-mission and the con­ception of theology as a professionalised academic pursuit could hardly be greater. And it seems that the latter conception captures the predominant, modem understanding of what 'theology' consists in. For example, in the English-speaking world, according to S. W. Sykes' entry in the New Dictionary of Christian Theology, the term 'theology' 'would now widely be taken to refer to the rational account given of Christian faith' . 12 Further­more,

[t)he preparatory study for giving such an account would be largely determined by syllabuses of instruction in institutions of higher or further education, such as faculties of theology, seminaries or theological colleges. Here theology is studied either according to conventions of rationality deriving from the theory and practice of modem universities ... , or according to the requirements of a modem understanding of the ordained ministry of the church, frequently with a close resemblance to the development of professional expertise. 13

It is precisely this modem view which von Balthasar rejects. He would criticise any such understanding of theology as radically incomplete, for not only does it fail to relate theological activity to God14 -thus failing even to mention prayerl5 -but also it omits what he sees as the theologian 's primary function: that of bearing witness to Christ. To von Balthasar' s way of thinking, this modem conception of theology pales in comparison with the view of the Greek Fathers. And it is with the patristic conception as his ideal that von Balthasar works out his own approach to theology.

12 S. W. Sykes, 'Theology', in New Dictionary of Christian Theology, edited by A. Rich­ardson and J. Bowden (London: SCM, 1989), p. 566. 13 Ibid. 140ne theologian whose position bears some resemblance to von Balthasar' s is E. L. Mascall. As Mascall writes: 'What I hold is essential for the theologian is that his theolo­gising should be an aspect of his life as a member of the Body of Christ; he needs to be under not only an academic but also a spiritual ascesis, as indeed all the Church's greatest theologians have been' . E. L. Mascall, Theology and the Gospel of Christ: An Essay in Reorientation (London: SPCK, 1977), p. 60. 15 An influential theologian of today who sides with von Balthasar on this issue is Bernard Haring, who remarks: 'If the tools of theology fall into the hands of people who do not pray, then everything degenerates into ideologies and alienation. On the contrary, in the life of those theologians, teachers and students who not only pray but allow theology itself to be an act of openness to God' s purifying presence and to the mission for the salvation of the world, alienation and blindness are gradually overcome' . Bernard Haring, Prayer: The Integration of Faith and Life (Slough: St Paul Publications, 1978), p. 94.

206 THE APOLOGETIC VALUE OF HUMAN HOLINESS

(b) Von Balthasar's Proposals for the Way Forward in Theology

So, finally, let me briefly outline von Balthasar's proposals for the way for­ward in the discipline of Theology-proposals which he believes will allow it to overcome both the threat of professionalization and the problematic isolation of the various sub-disciplines.

In his early article 'Theology and Sanctity', 16 von Balthasar insists that the way forward for Christian theology lies primarily in a reassessment of its nature. What this actually means, for him, is the need to re-appropriate the conception of theology as the following of a God-given mission.17 His conviction is that theological renewal can only come from the regaining of, what are in effect, certain patristic insights concerning the necessity of retaining a unity between theology and holiness. 18

Von Balthasar is well aware that in 'Theology and Sanctity' he does not provide a fully worked out theological method which takes account of what he perceives to be the essential link between theology and human holiness. However, he does at least give some indication of how theology ought to be practised, for he claims that a significant proportion of the subject matter of theology should be 'the holy life' as revealed by phenomenological accounts of its instantiations. Indeed, if one takes seriously the Balthasarian view that the content of God's continuing revelation is the lived relationship (consti­tuted by the following of a mission) which obtains between a person and Christ, then it seems that the proper focus for theological reflection is what those who actually live within such a relationship can tell us about God. 19 As von Balthasar writes: 'The life common to Christ and the Church is the

16Hans Drs von Balthasar,' Theologie und Heiligkeit', Wort und Wahrheit, 4 (1948), 401-415. Later reworked into Hans Drs von Balthasar, Verbum Caro: Skizzen zur Theologie I (Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1960), pp. 195-225. All references in this appendix are to the English edition translated as 'Theology and Sanctity', in Hans Drs von Balthasar, ExpLorations in TheoLogy I: The Word Made FLesh (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1989), pp. 181-209. 17 See ibid., p. 194. 18However, tilis does give rise to the difficult issue of how to resolve doctrinal disagree­ments between theologians who succeed in living holy lives, as well as to the related problem of how to resolve disagreements between different schools of theology. The problem is compounded when individual theologians, living holy lives, find themselves in disagreement witil the magisterium. These are difficult issues which von Balthasar does not adequately deal with. 19 Here, von Balthasar's views converge with those of Rowan Williams. Williams holds that the subject matter of theology is 'humanly and specifically, people who pray'. Rowan Williams, 'Theological Integrity' , New Blackfriars, 72 (1991), p. 149.

VON BALTHASAR'S IDEAL THEOLOGY 207

context of a living and realised theology, in the sense of actual life poised between perdition and redemption, sinfulness and sanctity' .20

Given his empathy with the Greek Church Fathers' own assessment of themselves as theologians, and given his admiration for the 'great saint' theologians of the Middle Ages, it is not surprising that von Balthasar should have conceived of his own task, as a theologian, to have consisted, to a large extent, in re-presenting elements of an earlier Christian tradition-that is, in making them meaningful and accessible to contemporary Christians. Con­sider, for example, his preface to Love Alone: The Way of Revelation:

It should hardly be necessary to add that this essay contains nothing new. It seeks to be faithful to the theological tradition of the great saints: Augustine, Bernard, Anselm, John of the Cross, Francis de Sales, Theresa of Lisieux.... The great lovers are those who know most about God and must be listened to?'

Where von Balthasar's originality lies is in his emphasis on lived holiness as the real focus of authentic Christian theological reflection. Moreover, as he makes clear in 'Theology and Sanctity', such a focus, he believes, would lead to a specifically Christian doctrine of 'reality' (by which he means an explanation of human existence and history in the light of revelation22 )-the content of this doctrine consisting in 'the understanding of being, but of being as experienced by actual living according to Christ and the Church,?3 And as he adds: 'What the prayer of the saints, their experience of God in the world, might have to contribute to this doctrine has hardly begun to be explored.24

Modem Theology, as an academic discipline, thus takes a completely wrong approach, in von Balthasar's opinion. For in separating itself from the discipline of Spirituality, both disciplines are de-natured. Theology loses its spiritual dimension; and Spirituality becomes divorced from, what are then perceived to be, specifically theological concerns. As von Balthasar observes: 'The saints in modem times are required to describe the way in which they experienced God, and the accent is always on experience rather than on God: for the nature of God is a subject for the theological specialist,25 But, in von Balthasar's view, for the discipline of Spirituality

20 'Theology and Sanctity' . op. cit., p. 204. 21 Hans Urs von Balthasar, Love Alone: The Way of Revelation, edited by A. Dru (London: Bums and Oates, 1968), p. 10. Gennan edition: Hans Urs von Balthasar, Glaubhaft ist nur Liebe (Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1963). 22 'Theology and Sanctity', op. cit., p. 198. 23 Ibid. 24 Ibid. 25 Ibid., p. 192.

208 THE APOLOGETIC VALUE OF HUMAN HOLINESS

to concentrate on the subjective side of the experience, rather than on what the experience can reveal about the objective nature of God, is a disastrous strategy, for it 'ends up in the psychological laboratory', discrediting the ecclesial and charismatic witness of the saints, and 'degrading it to the status of a private utterance, which often gives every appearance of being satisfac­torily grasped by ordinary worldly methods, very often sub-Christian' .26

Moreover, von Balthasar complains, the obverse of this is that in cutting themselves off from the experience of God enjoyed by holy persons, his contemporary theologians, insofar as they focus on experience at all, focus on the experience of the average sinner-the ordinary human being-instead of on that of the saints. And this is a great loss to theology because

[m]uch would appear in a very different light were we to apply our reflections to the archetypal function of the saints rather than to the figure presented by the average sinner, for example in the understanding of what a sacrament is and of what its reception means. What does it mean for a saint, when he communicates? He should know, and be able to teach us. What is the significance of a Christian life as a witness to Christ? What is its theoretical structure, and how is it realised . . ?27 m practIce.

And despite the fact that, here, von Balthasar is writing about the situation he encountered within the discipline of Theology over half a century ago, his observations remain pertinent today.

In short, the way in which theology ought to proceed, in von Balthasar's assessment, is for theologians to begin considering as revelatory 'the con­stant repetition of the theological existence of the Lord in the life of his faithful and saints,28 As he pointedly adds: 'the saints are not given to us to admire for their heroic powers, but that we should be enlightened by them on the inner reality of Christ, both for the better understanding of the faith and for our living thereby in charity,?9 In a word: 'their sheer existence proves to be a theological manifestation, which contains most fruitful and opportune doctrine'?O Clearly, the importance to theology which von Balthasar assigns to holy people stems from his belief that genuine Christians express Christian doctrine in how they live their lives?1 Given this assumption, a

26 Ibid. 27 Ibid., p. 200. 28 Ibid., p. 204. 29 Ibid. 30Hans Urs von Balthasar, Therese of Lisieux: A Story of a Mission, translated by D. Nicholl (London: Sheed and Ward, 1953), p. xvii. The view that Christian's express doctrine in their lives is a curious inversion of Schleiennacher's view that doctrine was an expression of religious experience. 31 For von Balthasar's mature position on this, see Hans Urs von Balthasar, The Glory of

VON BALTHASAR'S IDEAL THEOLOGY 209

significant part of the theologian's role ought to consist in the articulation of the doctrine which is existentially expressed through lived holiness-and this concerns the life of the theologian as much as the lives of others. 32 Thus, von Balthasar sees one of the most pressing tasks for contemporary theology to be the development of the best method for drawing out the theological implications of unmistakable instances of lived holiness. In so doing, theo­logical reflection would serve to make the knowledge of God which holy people manifest accessible to all Christians. And in von Balthasar's view, that is precisely what the task of theology comprises.

the Lord: A Theological Aesthetics. I: Seeing the Form (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1985), particularly Chapter Two, 'The Subjective Evidence'. 32This why a significant proportion of von Balthasar' s work consists in studies of exem­plary lives-perhaps, most notably, his depiction of the life of Therese ofLisieux.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Works by Hans Vrs von Balthasar

The following is a selective bibliography. I have listed the original Gennan editions of von Balthasar's works (where these have been referred to in my text) separately from their English translations. The definitive bibliography of Hans Vrs von Balthasar is Cornelia Capol, Hans Urs von Balthasar. Bibliographie 1925-1990 (see below).

'Action and Contemplation', reprinted in Hans Urs von Balthasar, Explorations in Theology 1: The Word Made Flesh (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1989), pp. 227-240

Christlich meditieren (Freiburg, Basel, Wien: Herder, 1984) Christlicher Stand (Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1977) Convergences: To the Source of Christian Mystery, translated by E. A. Nelson

(San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1983) 'Current Trends in Catholic Theology', Communio, 5 (1978), 77-85 Das betrachtende Gebet (Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1976) Das Ganze im Fragment. Aspekte der Geschichtstheologie (Einsiedeln: Benziger,

1963) Das Herz der Welt (Zurich: Arche, 1945) Die Gnostischen Centurien des Maximus Confessor (Freiburg: Herder, 1941) Does Jesus Know Us? Do We Know Him? (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1983) Elizabeth of Dijon: An Interpretation of her Spiritual MiSSion, translated by A. V.

Littledale (London: Harvill Press, 1956) 'Encountering God in Today's World', Concilium, 1 (1965), 468-475 Epilog (EinsiedelnfTrier: Johannes Verlag, 1987) Erster Blick auf Adrienne von Speyr (Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1984) Explorations in Theology 1: The Word Made Flesh (San Francisco: Ignatius Press,

1989) Explorations in Theology 11: The Spouse of the Word (San Francisco: Ignatius

Press, 1991) Explorations in Theology Ill: Creator Spirit (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1993) 'From the Theology of God to the Theology of the Church', Communio, 9 (1982),

195-223 Glaubhaft ist nur Liebe (Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1963)

BIBLIOGRAPHY 211

Herrlichkeit. Eine theologische Asthetik Bd. I. Schau der Gestalt (Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1961)

Herrlichkeit. Eine theologische Asthetik Bd. 11. Facher der Stile (Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1962)

Herrlichkeit. Eine theologische Asthetik Bd. 11111. 1m Raum der Metaphysik (Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1965)

Herrlichkeit. Eine theologische Asthetik Bd. 111111 Teill. Alter Bund (Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1966)

Herrlichkeit. Eine theologische Asthetik Bd. Ill/II Tei! 2. Neuer Bund (Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1969)

'In Retrospect', Communio, 2 (1975), 197-220 Kosmische Liturgie. Hohe und Krise des griechischen Weltbilds bei Maximus

Confessor (Freiburg: Herder, 1941) Love Alone: The Way of Revelation, edited by A. Dru (London: Burns and Oates,

1968) Man in History: A Theological Study (London: Sheed & Ward, 1982) Mein Werk- Durchblicke (Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1990) 'Movement Towards God', reprinted in Hans Urs von Balthasar, Explorations in

Theology Ill: Creator Spirit (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1993), pp. 15-55 Mysterium Pascale: The Mystery of Easter, translated by A. Nichols (Edinburgh:

T. & T. Clark, 1990) 'On the Concept of Person', Communio, 13 (1986), 18-26 Parole et Mystere chez Origene (paris: Editions du Cerf, 1957) 'Philosophy, Christianity and Monasticism', reprinted in Hans Urs von Balthasar,

Explorations in Theology II: The Spouse of the Word (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1991), pp. 333-372

Pneuma und Institution. Skizzen zur Theologie IV (Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1974)

Prayer, translated by A. V. Littledale (London: Geoffrey Chapman, 1961) Prayer, translated by G. Harrison (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1986) Presence et Pensee. Essai sur la Phi[osophie Religieuse de Gregoire de Nysse

(paris: Beauchesne, 1942) Razing the Bastions: On the Church in this Age, translated by B. McNeil (San

Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1993) Rechenschaft 1965 (Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1965) 'Response to my Critics', Communio, 5 (1978), 69-76 'Retrieving the Tradition: On the Tasks of Catholic Philosophy in our Time',

Communio, 20 (1993), 147-187 Schleifung der Bastionen. Von der Kirche in Dieser Zeit (Einsiedeln: Johannes

Verlag, 1952) Schwestern im Geist. Therese von Lisieux und Elisabeth von Dijon (Einsiedeln:

Johannes Verlag, 1990) 'Seeing, Hearing, and Reading within the Church', in Hans Urs von Balthasar,

Explorations in Theology 11: The Spouse of the Word (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1991), pp. 473-490

212 THE APOLOGETIC VALUE OF HUMAN HOLINESS

Spiritus Creator. Skizzen Zur Theologie III (Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1967) Sponsa Verbi. Skizzen zur Theologie 11 (Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1961) The Christian State of Life, translated by M. F. McCarthy (San Francisco:

Ignatius Press, 1983) The Glory of the Lord: A Theological Aesthetics. I: Seeing the Form (Edinburgh:

T. & T. Clark, 1982) The Glory of the Lord: A Theological Aesthetics. V The Realm of Metaphysics in

the Modern Age (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1991) The Heart of the World, translated by E. S. Leiva (San Francisco: Ignatius Press,

1979) 'The Perfectibility of Man', reprinted in Theologians Today: Hans Urs von

Balthasar, edited by M. Redfern (London: Sheed & Ward, 1972), pp. 73-114 The Theology of Karl Barth: Exposition and Interpretation, translated by Edward

T. Oakes (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1992) 'The Unity of our Lives', reprinted in Hans Urs von Balthasar, Convergences: To

the Source of Christian Mystery, translated by E. A. Nelson (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1983), pp.1l1-133

'The Unity of the Theological Sciences', reprinted in Hans Urs von Balthasar, Convergences: To the Source of Christian Mystery, translated by E. A. Nelson (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1983), pp. 47-73

'The Unity of Theology and Spirituality', Gregorianum, 50 (1969), 571-587 Theo-Drama: Theological Dramatic Theory. I: Prolegomena (San Francisco:

Ignatius Press, 1988) Theo-Drama: Theological Dramatic Theory. 11: Dramatis Personae: Man in God

(San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1990) Theo-Drama: Theological Dramatic Theory. III: Dramatis Personae: Persons in

Christ (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1992) Theo-Drama: Theological Dramatic Theory. IV: The Action (San Francisco:

Ignatius Press, 1994) Theo-Drama: Theological Dramatic Theory. V The Last Act (San Francisco:

Ignatius Press, 1998) Theodramatik 1. Prolegomena (Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1973) Theodramatik II. Die Personen des Spiels, Tei! 1. Der Mensch in Gott

(Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1976) Theodramatik II. Die Personen des Spiels. Tei! 2. Die Person en in Christus

(Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1978) Theodramatik III. Die Handlung (Einsiede1n: Johannes Verlag, 1980) Theodramatik IV. Das Endspiel (Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1983) 'Theo-Logic: On the Work as a Whole', Communio, 20 (1993), 623-637 Theologle der drei Tage (Einsiedeln: Benziger, 1969) Theologik 1. Wahrheit der Welt (Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1985) Theologik II. Wahrheit Gottes (Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1985) Theologik III. Der Geist der Wahrheit (Einsiede1n: Johannes Verlag, 1987) 'Theology and Aesthetics', Communio, 8 (1981), 63-71 'Theology and Holiness', Communio, 14 (1987), 341-350

BIBLIOGRAPHY 213

'Theological Reflections on Human Wholeness', reprinted in Hans Urs von Balthasar, Man in History: A Theological Study (London: Sheed & Ward, 1982), pp. 73-102

'Theologie und Heiligkeit', Wort und Wahrheit, 4 (1948), 401-415. Reprinted as 'Theology and Sanctity', in Hans Urs von Balthasar, Explorations in Theol­ogy 1: The Word Made Flesh (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1989), pp. 181-209

Therese of Lisieux: A Story of a Mission, translated by D. Nicholl (London: Sheed and Ward, 1953)

Therese von Lisieux: Geschichte einer Sendung (K6InlOlten: Hegner-Biicherei, 1950)

'Transcendentality and Gestalt', Communio, 11 (1984),4-11 Two Sisters in the Spirit: Therese of Lisieux and Elizabeth of the Trinity, trans­

lated by D. Nichols, A. E. Englund and D. Martin (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1992)

Unser Auftrag: Bericht und Entwurf(Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1984) Verbum Caro. Skizzen zur Theologie J (Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1960) Wahrheit. Bd. 1: Wahrheit der Welt (Einsiedeln: Benziger, 1947)

Secondary works on von Balthasar

Albus, M., Die Wahrheit ist Liebe. Zur Unterscheidung des ChristJichen nach Hans Urs von Balthasar (Freiburg, Basel, Wien: Herder, 1976)

Albus, M., 'Geist und Feuer. Ein Gesprtich mit Hans Urs von Balthasar', Herder­Korrespondenz, 30 (1976), 72-82

Capol, c., Hans Urs von Balthasar: Bibliographie 1925-1990 (Einsiedeln, Freiburg: Johannes Verlag, 1990)

Chantraine, G., 'Exegesis and Contemplation in the Work of Hans Urs von Balthasar', Communio, 16 (1989), 367-383

Chapp, L. S., The God Who Speaks: Hans Urs von Balthasar 's Theology of Revelation (San Francisco, London: International Scholars Publications, 1996)

Conway, E., The Anonymous Christian: A Relativised Christianity? An Evalua­tion of Hans Urs von Balthasar's Criticism of Karl Rahner's Theory of the Anonymous Christian (Frankfurt am Main, New York: Peter Lang, 1993)

Davies, 0., 'Von Balthasar and the Problem of Being', New Black friars, 79,923 (1998), 11-17

Doran, R. M., 'Lonergan and Balthasar: Methodological Considerations', Theo­logical Studies, 58 (1997),61-84

Gardner, L., D. Moss, B. Quash and G. Ward, edited, Balthasar at the End of Modernity (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1999)

Gawronski, R., Word and Silence: Hans Urs von Balthasar and the Spiritual Encounter between East and West (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1995)

Guerriero, E., Hans Urs von Balthasar, translated into the French by F. Georges­Catroux (paris: Editions Desclee, 1993)

214 THE APOLOGETIC VALUE OF HUMAN HOLINESS

Heinz, H., Der Gott des Je-mehr. Der christologische Ansatz Hans Urs von Balthasars (Bern, Frankfurt: Herbert Lang, 1975)

Henrici, P., 'Hans Drs von Balthasar: A Sketch of his Life', Communio, 16 (1989),306-350

Henrici, P., 'Hans Urs von Balthasar: His Cultural and Theological Education', in The Beauty of Christ: An Introduction to the Theology of Hans Urs von Balthasar, edited by B. McGregor and T. Norris (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1994), pp. 10-22

Holzer, V, Le Dieu Trinite dans l'histoire: Ie difj'erend theologique Balthasar­Rahner (paris: Cerf, 1995)

Ide, P., Eire et mystere: la philosophie de Hans Urs von Balthasar (Bruxelles: Culture et Verite, 1995)

Kannengieser, c., 'Listening to the Fathers', Communio, 16 (1989), 413-418 Kay, 1. A, Theological Aesthetics: The Role of Aesthetics in the Theological

Method of Hans Urs von Balthasar (Berne, Frankfurt-am-Maine: Herbert Lang, Peter Lang, 1975)

Keefe, D. 1., 'A Methodological Critique of von Balthasar's Theological Aesthet­ics', Communio, 5 (1978), 23-40

Kehl, M., 'Hans Urs von Balthasar: A Portrait', in The von Balthasar Reader, edited by M. Kehl and W. Loser (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1982), pp. 3-54

Kehl, M., and W. Loser, edited, The von Balthasar Reader (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1982)

Kerr, F., 'Adrienne von Speyr and Hans Drs von Balthasar', New Blackfriars, 79, 923 (1998),26-32

Leahy, B., The Marion Principle in the Church according to Hans Urs von Balthasar (Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1996)

Lochbrunner, M., Analogia Caritatis. Darstellung und Deutung der Theologie Hans Urs von Balthasars (Freiburg, Basel, Wien: Herder, 1981)

Loser, W., 1m Geist des Origenes. Hans Urs von Balthasar als Interpret der Kirchenvater, Frankfurter Theologische Studien 23 (Frankfurt am Main: Josef Knecht, 1976)

Lubac, H. de, 'Un temoin du Christ: Hans Urs von Balthasar', Civitas, 20 (1965), 587---{)00. Reprinted as 'A Witness of Christ in the Church: Hans Drs von Balthasar', Communio, 2 (1975), 228-249

McGregor, B., and T. Norris, edited, The Beauty of Christ: An Introduction to the Theology of Hans Urs von Balthasar (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1994)

Mcintosh, M. A, Christology from within: Spirituality and Incarnation in Hans Urs von Balthasar (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1996)

Marchesi, G., La Christologia di Hans Urs von Balthasar, Analecto Gregoriana 207 (Rome: Dniversta Gregoriano, 1977)

Messier, M., 'Esthetique et religion ou les fondements philosophiques et the%gique du rapport entre I 'art et la liturgie selon H. U. von Balthasar', Melanges de Science Religieuse, 55, 3 (1998),33-45

Mooney, H. A, The Liberation of Consciousness: Bernard Lonergan's Theologi­cal Foundations in Dialogue with the Theological Aesthetics of Hans Urs von

BIBLIOGRAPHY 215

Balthasar (Frankfurt: Josef Knecht, 1992) Murphy, F. A., Christ the Form of Beauty: A Study in Theology and Literature

(Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1995) Murphy, F. A., 'Inclusion and Exclusion in the Ethos of von Balthasar's Theo­

Drama', New Blackfriars, 79, 923 (1998),56-64 Nichols, A., Introduction to Hans Vrs von Balthasar (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark,

1998) Nichols, A., 'An Introduction to Balthasar', New Blac/ifriars, 79, 923 (1998), 2-

10 Nichols, A., 'Von Balthasar's Aims in his Theological Aesthetics', The Heythrop

Journal, 40 (1999), 409-423 Oakes, E. T., Pattern of Redemption: The Theology of Hans Vrs von Balthasar

(New York: Continuum, 1994) O'Donnell, J., Hans Vrs von Balthasar, edited by B. Davies (London: Geoffrey

Chapman, 1992) O'Hanlon, G., The Immutability of God in the Theology of Hans Vrs von

Balthasar (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990) Ouellet, M., 'The Message of Balthasar's Theology to Modem Theology',

Communio, 23 (1996),270-299 Potera, M., 'Hans Urs von Balthasar: Theologian', Communio, 2 (1975), 270-288 Quash, B., 'Von Balthasar and the Dialogue with Karl Barth', New Blackfriars,

79, 923 (1998), 45-55 Rahner, K., 'Hans Urs von Balthasar', Civitas, 20 (1965), 601-604 Redfern M., edited, Theologians Today: Hans Vrs von Balthasar (London: Sheed

and Ward, 1972) Riches, 1., and B. Quash, 'Hans Urs von Balthasar', in The Modern Theologians,

edited by D. F. Ford (Oxford: Blackwell, 1997), pp. 134-151 Riches, 1., edited, The Analogy of Beauty: The Theology of Hans Vrs von

Balthasar (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1986) Riches, 1., 'Von Balthasar as Biblical Theologian and Exegete', New Blackfriars,

79, 923 (1998), 38-44 Sachs, J. R., 'Spirit and Life: The Pneumatology and Christian Spirituality of

Hans Urs von Balthasar' (unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of TObingen, 1984)

Saward, 1., The Mysteries of March: Hans Urs von Balthasar on the Incarnation and Easter (London: Collins, 1990)

Schindler, D. L., edited, Hans Vrs von Balthasar: His Life and Work (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1991)

Schmid, 1., 1m Ausstrahl der Schonheit Gottes. Die Bedeutung der Analogie in "Herrlichkeit" bei Hans Vrs von Balthasar (MOnsterschwarzach: Vier­TOrme-Verlag, 1982)

Schrijver, G. de, Le merveilleux accord de I'homme et de Dieu: etude de I 'analogie de l'etre chez Hans Vrs von Balthasar (Leuven: Leuven University Press, 1983)

Scola, A., Hans Urs von Balthasar: Uno Stile Teologico (Milano: Jaca Book,

216 THE APOLOGETIC VALUE OF HUMAN HOLINESS

1991) Servais, 1., Theologie des Exercices spirituel: H. U. von Balthasar inter prete

saint Ignace (Bruxelles: Culture et Verite, 1996) Sicari, A., 'Hans Urs von Balthasar: Theology and Holiness', Communio, 16

(1989),351-365 Vorgrimler, H., 'Hans Urs von Balthasar', in Bilanz der Theologie im 20.

Jahrhundert IV, edited by H. Vorgrimler and R. Vander Gucht (Freiburg: Herder, 1971), pp. 122-142

Williams, R, 'Balthasar and Rahner', in The Analogy of Beauty: The Theology of Hans Urs von Balthasar, edited by 1. Riches (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1986), pp. 11-34

Other works

Adams, R. M., 'Saints', The Journal of Philosophy, 81 (1984),392-401 Allen, C. W., 'The Primacy of Phronesis: A proposal for avoiding frustrating

tendencies in our conceptions of rationality', The Journal of Religion, 69 (1989),359-374

Aquinas, T., Contra Gentiles III Aquinas, T., Summa Theologiae I Aristotle, The Ethics of Aristotle: The Nicomachean Ethics, translated by 1. A. K

Thomson (London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd, 1953) Athanasius, Contra Gentes and De Incarnatione, edited and translated by R. W.

Thomson (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971) Audi, R, Practical Reasoning (London: Routledge, 1991) Barth, K, Church DogmatiCS Volume l/i: The Doctrine of the Word of God,

edited by G. W. Brorniley and T. F. Torrance (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1975)

Barth, K, Church Dogmatics Volume 2/i: The Doctrine o/God, edited by G. W. Brorniley and T. F. Torrance (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1957)

Baxter, A., 'Chalcedon and the Subject in Christ', The Downside ReView, 107 (1989), 1-21

Baxter, A., 'Holiness and Sin', New Blackfriars, 70 (1989), 506-517 Baxter, A., 'The Term "Archetype", and its application to Jesus Christ', The Hey­

thropJournal, 25 (1984),19-38 Berger, P. L., and T. Luckmann, The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in

the SOCiology of Knowledge (London: Penguin Press, 1969) Berlin, 1., Four Essays on Liberty (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979) Berlin, 1., 'Two Concepts of Liberty' , in I Berlin, Four Essays on Liberty (Oxford:

Oxford University Press, 1979), pp. 118-172 Bernstein, R 1., The New Constellation: The Ethical-Political Horizons of Mod­

ernitylPoslmodernity (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991) Bettenson, H., edited, Documents of the Christian Church (London: World's

Classics, 1943) Boff, L., 'The Need for Political Saints', Cross Currents, 30, 4 (1980-81), 369-

BIBLIOGRAPHY 217

376 Bouyer, L., The Meaning of the Monastic Life, translated by Kathleen Pond (Lon­

don: Burns & Oates, 1955) Brown, R, Response to 101 Questions on the Bible (London: Geoffrey Chapman,

1991) Burrell, D. B., 'Religious Belief and Rationality', in Rationality and Religious

Belief, edited by C. F. Delaney (London: University of Notre Dame Press, 1979), pp. 84-115

Byrne, P., Prolegomena to Religious Pluralism: Reference and Realism in Relig­ion (London: Macmillan, 1995)

Callaghan, B., 'Holiness and Wholeness', The Month (August 1980), 263-266 Carter, A., 'On Pascal's wager, or why all bets are off', The Philosophical Quarterly,

50, 98 (2000), 22-7 Carter, A., 'The Real Meaning of "Meaning"', The Heythrop Journal, 32 (1991),

355-368 Catez, E., Ecrits spirituels d'Elisabeth de la Trinite. Lettres, retraites et in edits

(paris: Editions du Seuil, 1949) Catez, E., J have Found God: Major Spiritual Writings, Complete Works, Volume

I, translated by Aletheia Kane (Washington D.C.: ICS Publications, 1984) Cunningham, L. S., 'Current Theology: A Decade of Research on the Saints:

1980-1990', Theological Studies, 53 (1992), 517-533 D'Costa, G., 'On Cultivating the Disciplined Habits of a Love Affair or How to do

Theology on Your Knees', New Blackfriars, 79, 925 (1998), 116-135 Delaney C. F., edited, Rationality and Religious Belief (London: University of

Notre Dame Press, 1979) Descartes, R, The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, Volume II (Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press, 1984) Dulles, A., Models of Revelation (Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1983) Dulles, A., The Craft of Theology: From Symbol to System (Dublin: Gill and

Macmillan, 1992) Dummett, M., 'The Reality of the Past', Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society

(1968-1969),239-258 Evans, C. S., and M. Westphal, edited, Christian Perspectives on Religious

Knowledge (Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1993)

Evans, C. S., Subjectivity and Religious Belief An Historical, Critical Study (Grand Rapids: Christian University Press, 1978)

Feuerbach, L., The Essence of Christianity, translated by George Eliot (San Francisco: Harper Torchbooks Edition, 1957)

Feyerabend, P., Against Method: Outline of an Anarchist Theory of Knowledge (London: Verso, 1978)

Fitzmyer, J., A Christo logical Catechism: New Testament Answers (New Yorlel Ramsey: Paulist Press, 1982)

Flannery, A., edited, Vatican Council 11: The Conciliar and Post Conciliar Docu­ments (Leominster, Herefordshire, England: Fowler Wright Book Ltd, 1981)

218 THE APOLOGETIC VALUE OF HUMAN HOLINESS

Fowler, J. W., Stages of Faith: The Psychology of Human Development and the Questfor Meaning (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1981)

Fowler, J. W., K. E. Nipkow and F. Schweitzer, edited, Stages of Faith and Religious Development: Implications for Church, Education and Society (London: SCM, 1992)

Gadamer, H.-G., Reason in the Age of Science, translated by F. G. Lawrence (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1981)

Gadamer, H.-G., Truth and Method, translated by W. Glen-Doepel, second revised edition (London: Sheed & Ward, 1989)

Gallagher, S., 'The Place of Phronesis in Postmodem Hermeneutics', Philosophy Today, 37, 3 (1993),298-305

Ganunie, J. G., Holiness in Israel (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1989) Gellner, E., Legitimation of Belief (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,

1974) Gellner, E., Postmodernism, Reason and Religion (London: Routledge, 1992) Gellner, E., Reason and Culture: The Historic Role of Rationality and Rational­

ism (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993) Gellner, E., Words and Things: An Examination of, and an Attack on, Linguistic

Philosophy (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1979) Gilbert, M., Le sacre dans I 'ancien testament (Louvain-Ia-Neuve: 1978) Gilkey, L., The Dialectic of Christian Belief: Rational, Incredible, Credible', in

Rationality and Religious Belief, edited by C. F. Delaney (London: University of Notre Dame Press, 1979), pp. 65-83

Goodman, N., Fact, Fiction, and Forecast (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Hruvard University Press, 1955)

Goodman, N., Ways of Worldmaking (Indianapolis, Cambridge: Hackett Publish­ing Company, 1981)

Guarino, T., 'Between Foundationalism and Nihilism: Is Phronesis the via Media for Theology?', Theological Studies, 54 (1993), 37-54

Guillet, J., The Religious Experience of Jesus and his Disciples, edited by E. Malatesta (Wheathampstead: Anthony Clarke, 1979)

Gunton, C. E., The Promise of Trinitarian Theology (Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1991)

Habermas, J., Knowledge and Human Interests, translated by J. J. Shapiro (Lon­don: Heinemann, 1972)

Hare, R. M., Moral Thinking: Its Levels, Method and Point (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981)

Haring, B., Called to Holiness (Slough: St Paul Publications, 1982) Haring, B., Prayer: An Integration of Faith and Life (Slough: St Paul Publica­

tions, 1978) Harrison, V. S., 'Kierkegaard's Philosophical Fragments: A Clarification', Relig­

ious Studies, 33 (1997),455-472 Hegel, G. W. F., Hegel'S Phenomenology of Spirit, translated by A. V. Miller

(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977) Hegel, G. W. F., The Logic of Hegel, translated by W. Wallace (Oxford: Oxford

BIBLIOGRAPHY 219

University Press, 1963) Hegel, G. W. F., The Philosophy of History (New York: Dover, 1956) Henrici, P., 'The Spiritual Dimension and its Form of Reason', Communio, 20

(1993),638-651 Heywood, W., edited and translated, The Little Flowers of St Francis (Assisi:

Edizioni Porziuncola, 1991) Hick, J., An Interpretation of Religion: Human Responses to the Transcendent

(London: Macmillan, 1989) Hick, J., 'The Epistemological Challenge of Religious Pluralism', Faith and

Philosophy, 14,3 (1997),277-286 Hollis, M., and S. Lukes, edited, Rationality and Relativism (Oxford: Blackwell,

1982) Holmer, P. L., 'Wittgenstein and Theology', in New Essays on Religious Lan­

guage, edited by D. M. High (New York: Oxford University Press, 1969), pp. 25-35

Horwich, P., Probability and Evidence (London: Cambridge University Press, 1982)

Husserl, E., Cartesian Meditations: An Introduction to Phenomenology, trans­lated by D. Cairns (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1973)

Husserl, E., Logical Investigations, Volume 1, edited by T. Honderich and trans­lated by J. N. Findlay (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1970)

Husserl, E., Paris Lectures (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1964) Ignatius of Loyola, Spiritual Exercises, in Ignatius of Loyola: Spiritual Exercises

and Selected Works, edited and translated by G. E. Ganss (New York: Paulist Press, 1991), pp. 113-214

Irigaray, L., Sexes and Genealogies, translated by G. C. Gill (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993)

James, W., The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature (London: Collins, 1971)

James, W., 'The Will to Believe', in W. James, The Will to Believe and other Essays in Popular Philosophy (New York: Longmans Green and Co., 1903), pp. 1-31

James, W., The Will to Believe and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy (New York: Longmans Green and Co., 1903)

John of the Cross, St, The Collected Works of St John of the Cross, translated by K. Kavanaugh and O. Rodriguez (Washington: Institute of Carmelite Studies, 1973)

Jossua, J.-P., The Condition of the Witness, translated by J. Bowden (London: SCM,1985)

Jung, C. G., 'Archetypes ofthe Collective Unconscious', in The Collected Works of C. G. Jung (20 volumes), edited by H. Read, M. Fordham and G. Adler (princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1953-1979), Volume 9, pp. 3-41

JUngel, E., 'Humanity in Correspondence to God: Remarks on the Image of God as a Basic Concept in Theological Anthropology', in E. JUngel, Theological Essays, translated by J. B. Webster (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1989), pp.

220 THE APOLOGETIC VALUE OF HUMAN HOLINESS

124-153 Kant, I., Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, translated by N. K. Smith

(London: Macmillan, 1973) Kasper, W., edited, Gegenwart des Geistes. Aspekte der Pneumatologie (Freiburg,

Basel, Wien: Herder, 1979) Katz, S. T., edited, Mysticism and Philosophical Analysis (New York: Oxford

University Press, 1978) Kierkegaard, S., Concluding Unscientific Postscript, translated by D. F. Swenson

(princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1974) Kierkegaard, S., Philosophical Fragments, edited and translated by H. V. Hong

and E. H. Hong (princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1985) Kraut, R., Aristotle on the Human Good (princeton, New Jersey: Princeton

University Press, 1989) Kuhn, T., The Structure of Scientific Revolution (Chicago: University of Chicago

Press, 1962) Lafrance, 1., Elizabeth of the Trinity: The Charism of her Prayer (Darlington,

England: The Carmelite Convent, n.d.) Lash, N., 'Considering the Trinity', Modern Theology, 2, 3 (1986), 183-196 Lavelle, L., The Meaning of Holiness (London: Bums & Oates, 1954) Leech, K., The Social God (London: Sheldon, 1981) LercIercq, 1., Regard monastique sur Ie Christ au Moyen-Age (paris: Desclee,

1993) Lerclercq, 1., The Love of Learning and the Desire for God: A Study of Monastic

Culture, translated by C. Misrahi (London: SPCK, 1978) Lethel, F.-M., ConnaUre l'amour du Christ qUi sur passe toute connaissance: La

Theologie des Saints (Venasque: Editions du Carmel, 1989) Lubac, H. de. Exegese medievale, 4 volumes (paris: 1959-1964) Lubac, H. de, Histoire et esprit: I'intelligence de I'Ecriture d 'apres Origene

(paris: Aubier, 1950) Mcintosh, M. A., 'Humanity in God: On Reading Karl Barth in Relation to

Mystical Theology', The Heythrop Journal, 34 (1993), 22-40 MacIntyre, A., After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory (London: Duckworth, 1985) MacIntyre, A., 'Is Understanding Religion Compatible with Believing?', in

Rationality, edited by B. R. Wilson (Oxford: Blackwell, 1977), pp. 62-77 MacIntyre, A., Whose Justice? Which Rationality? (London: Duckworth, 1988) McKenzie, 1. L., edited, Dictionary of the Bible (London: Geoffrey Chapman,

1992) McLeod, M. S., Rationality and Theistic Belief An Essay on Reformed

Epistemology (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1993) Malatesta, E., edited, Imitating Christ (Wheathampstead, Hertfordshire: Anthony

Clarke. 1974) Martin, A. D., The Holiness of Jesus (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1934) Martin, T., Autobiography, translated by A. von Speyr (Einsiedeln: Johannes

Verlag, 1947) Martin, T., Histoire d'une ame (paris: CerfIDDB, 1990)

BIBLIOGRAPHY 221

Martin, T., Novissima Verba: Demiers entretiens de Sainte Therese de I 'Enfant­Jesus (Lisieux: Office Central, 1948)

Marx, K., 'Preface to a Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy', in Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, Selected Works in One Volume (London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1970)

Mary, S., Pauline and Johannine Mysticism (London: Darton, Longman & Todd, 1964)

Mascall, E. L., Theology and the Gospel of Christ: An Essay in Reorientation (London: SPCK, 1977)

Mavrodes, G. 1., 'Rationality and Religious Belief-A Perverse Question', in Rationality and Religious Belief, edited by C. F. Delaney (London: University of Notre Dame Press, 1979), pp. 28-41

Miles, M. R., The Image and Practice of Holiness: A Critique of the Classic Manuals of Devotion (London: SCM, 1989)

Mitchell, B., Faith and Criticism (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994) Moore, P., 'Mystical Experience, Mystical Doctrine, Mystical Technique', in

Mysticism and Philosophical Analysis, edited by Steven T. Katz (New York: Oxford University Press, 1978), pp. 101-131

Mouroux, J., L 'Experience chretienne: Introduction a une Theologie (paris: Aubier, 1952)

Nagel, T., The View From Nowhere (New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986)

Navantes, S., L 'Imitation de Sainte Therese de L 'Enfant Jesus (paris: Desch~e de Brouwer, 1931)

Netland, H., Dissonant Voices: Religious Pluralism and the Quest for Truth (Leicester: Apollos, 1991)

Nicholl, D., Holiness (London: Darton, Longman & Todd, 1981) O'Keefe, M., What Are They SayinJ? About Social Sin? (Mahwah: Paulist Press,

1990) Otto, R., The Idea of the Holy: An Inquiry into the Non-Rational Factor in the

Idea of the Divine and Its Relation to the Rational, translated by J. W. Harvey (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1923)

Padgett, A. G., 'Advice for Religious Historians: On the Myth of a Purely His­torical Jesus', in The Resurrection: An Interdisciplinary Symposium on the Resurrection of Jesus, edited by S. Davis, D. Kendall, and G. O'Collins (Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1997), pp. 287-307

Pannenburg, W., Jesus, God and Man, translated by L. L. Wilkins and D. A. Priebe (London: SCM, 1968)

Pascal, B., Pensees, translated by A. J. Krailsheimer (Harmondsworth: Penguin. 1966)

Passmore, J., The Perfectibility of Man (London: Duckworth. 1970) Petitot, H, Saint Teresa of Lisieux: A Spiritual Renaissance, translated by the

Benedictines of Stanbrook (London: Burns Oates and Washbourne, 1931) Philipon, M. M., The Spiritual Doctrine of Sister Elizabeth of the Trinity (Cork:

The Mercier Press, 1947)

222 THE APOLOGETIC VALUE OF HUMAN HOLINESS

Philipon, R. P., Ecrits spirituels d'Elisabeth de la Trinite. Letlres, Retraites et lnedits (paris: Editions du Seuil, 1949)

Phillips, D. Z., Belief, Change and Forms of Life (London: Macmillan, 1986) Plantinga, A., 'Is Belief in God Rational?', in Rationality and Religious Belief,

edited by C. F. Delaney (London: University of Notre Dame Press, 1979), pp. 7-27

Plato, Republic, translated by H. D. P. Lee (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1955)

Plato, Symposium, translated by R. Waterfield (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994).

Ponticus, E., Traite de I 'oraison (paris: 1960) Popper, K., The Logic of Scientific Discovery (London: Hutchenson, 1959) Price, H. H., Belief(London: George Allen & Unwin, 1969) Propper, T ., Erlosungsglaube und Freiheitsgeschticte . Eine Skizze zur Soterio­

logie (Miinchen: Kosel-Verlag, 1988) Putnam, H., '''Degree of confinnation" and inductive logic', in H. Putnam,

Mathematics, Matter and Method: Philosophical Papers, Volume 1 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975), pp. 270-292

Putnam, H., Mathematics, Matter and Method: Philosophical Papers, Volume 1 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975)

Putnam, H., Mind, Language and Reality (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979)

Putnam, H., Pragmatism: An Open Question (Oxford: Blackwell, 1995) Putnam, H., 'Probability and confinnation ' , in H. Putnam, Mathematics, Matter

and Method: Philosophical Papers, Volume 1 (Cambridge: Cambridge Uni­versity Press, 1975), pp. 293-304

Putnam, H. , 'Realism and Reason', American Philosophical Association Proceed­ings, 50 (1976-77), 483-498

Putnam, H. , Realism and Reason: Philosophical Papers, Volume 3 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983)

Putnam, H., Realism With a Human Face, edited by 1. Conant (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1992)

Putnam, H., Reason, Truth and History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992)

Putnam, H. , 'Reflections on Goodman' s Ways of Worldmaking' , The Journal of Philosophy, 76 (1979), 603-618

Putnam, H., Renewing Philosophy (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1992)

Putnam, H., 'Sense. Nonsense, and the Senses: An Inquiry into the Powers of the Human Mind' , The Dewey Lectures 1994, Lecture I, 'The Antinomy of Realism' , The Journal of Philosophy, 91(1994), 445-465

Putnam, H. , 'The "corroboration" of theories', in H. Putnam, Mathematics, Matter and Method: Philosophical Papers, Volume 1 (Camblidge: Cam­bridge University Press, 1975), pp. 250-269

Putnam, H., 'The Impact of Science on Modem Conceptions of Rationality',

BIBLIOGRAPHY 223

Synthese, 46 (1981), 359-382 Putnam, H., The Many Faces of Realism (La Salle: Open Court, 1987) Putnam, H., 'The Meaning of "Meaning"', in H Putnam, Mind, Language and

Reality (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979), pp. 215-271 Putnam H , 'The Question of Realism', in Hilary Putnam, Words and Life, edited

by 1. Conant (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1994), pp.295-312

Putnam, H., 'Why Is a Philosopher?' , in Hilary Putnam, Realism with a Human Face, edited by J. Conant (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1992), pp. 105-119

Putnam, H, Words and Life, edited by 1. Conant (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1994)

Quine, W. V. 0., From a Logical Point of View: Logico-Philosophical Essays (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1953)

Rad, G. von, Old Testament Theology, Volume 1, The Theology of Israel's Tradi­tions, translated by D. M. G. Stalker (Edinburgh and London: Oliver and Boyd, 1962)

Rahner, K., 'Anonymous Christians', in Karl Rahner, Theological Investigations, Volume 6 (Baltimore: Helicon Press, 1969),390-398

Rahner, K., edited, Encyclopedia of Theology: A Concise Sacramentum Mundi (London: Bums and Oates, 1975)

Rahner, K. , Foundations of Christian Faith: An Introduction to the Idea ofChris­tianity (London: Darton, Longman & Todd, 1984)

Rahner, K., 'The Church of the Saints' , in Karl Rahner, Theological Investiga­tions llI: Theology of the Spiritual Life (London: Darton, Longman & Todd, 1967), pp. 91-104

Ratzinger, 1., 'Retrieving the Tradition: Concerning the Notion of Person in Theology', Communio, 17 (1990), 439-454

Rawls, 1., A Theory of Justice (Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1971) Reinisch, L. , edited, Theologians of our Time (Notre Dame, Indiana: University of

Notre Dame Press, 1964) Richardson, A., and 1. Bowden, edited, New Dictionary of Christian Theology

(London: SCM, 1989) Ringgren, H., The Prophetical Conception of Holiness (Uppsala: A.-B. Lindquist,

1948) Robinson, W. D., 'Reason, Truth and Theology', Modern Theology, 2, 2 (1986),

87-105 Rolston, H., III, Genes, Genesis and God: Values and their Origins in Natural

and Human History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999) Rousseau, 1.-1., 'The Social Contract', in The Social Contract and Discourses,

translated by G. D. H. Cole (London: Dent, 1973) Rousselot, P., The Eyes of Faith, translated by 1. Donceel (New York: Fordham

University, 1990) Schillebeeckx, E., 'Christian Identity and Human Integrity' , reprinted in E.

Schillebeeckx, The Language of Faith: Essays on Jesus, Theology, and the

224 THE APOLOGETIC VALUE OF HUMAN HOLINESS

Church (London: SCM, 1995), pp. 185-197 Schillebeeckx, E., The Language of Faith: Essays on Jesus, Theology, and the

Church (London: SCM, 1995) Schindler, D. L., 'Sanctity and the Intellectual Life', Communio, 20 (1993), 652-

672 Scola, A., 'Christian Experience and Theology', Communio, 23 (1996),203-206 Sheldrake, P., Images of Holiness: Explorations in Contemporary Spirituality

(London: Darton, Longman & Todd, 1987) Sherry, P. 1., 'Philosophy and the Saints', The Heythrop Journal, 18 (1977), 23-

37 Sherry, P. 1., Religion, Truth and Language-Games (London: Macmillan, 1977) Sherry, P. 1., Spirit and Beauty: An Introduction to Theological Aesthetics

(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992) Simpson, E., edited, Anti-Foundationalism and Practical Reasoning: Conversa­

tions between Hermeneutics and Analysis (Edmonton, Canada: Academic Printing & Publishing, 1987)

Singer, P., Hegel (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983) Sion, v., Realisme spirituel de Therese de Lisieux (paris: Cerf, 1990) Smith, 1. E., 'Faith, Belief, and the Problem of Rationality in Religion', in

Rationality and Religious Belief, edited by C. F. Delaney (London: University of Notre Dame Press, 1979), pp. 42-64

Smith, Q., 'An Analysis of Holiness' , Religious Studies, 24 (1988), 511-528 Sobrino, 1., 'Political Holiness', Concilium, 163 (1983), 18-23 Solignac, A., and R. Winling, 'Theologie', in Dictionnaire de Spiritualite:

ascetique et mystique, doctrine et histoire, Volume 15 (paris: Beauchesne, 1991), columns 463-500

Soskice, 1. M., Metaphor and Religious Language (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985)

Steiner, G., Real Presences: Is there anything in what we say? (London: Faber and Faber, 1991)

Stephenson, R. H., Goethe's Conception of Knowledge and Science (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1995)

Strawson, P. F., The Bounds of Sense: An Essay on Kant's 'Critique of Pure Reason' (London: Metheun, 1966)

Sudbrack, 1., 'Die Geist-Einheit von Heilsgeheimnis und Heilserfahrung', in Das Mysterium und die Mystik, edited by J. Sudbrack (Wurzburg: Echtere-Verlag, 1974)

Sudbrack, 1., 'Spirituality', in Encyclopedia of Theology: A Concise Sacramen­tum Mundi, edited by K. Rahner (London: Burns and Oates, 1975), pp. 1622-1634

Sudbrack, 1., 'Um den Stellenwert der Spiritualitdt in Gesamt der Theologie', Geist und Leben, 37 (1964), 387-398

Sullivan, 1., edited, Experiencing St Therese Today (Washington D. C.: ICS Publications, 1990)

Sutherland, S., God, Jesus and Belief The Legacy of Theism (Oxford: Basil

BIBLIOGRAPHY 225

Blackwell, 1984) Swinburne, R., The Existence of God (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1979) Sykes, S. W., 'Theology', in New Dictionary of Christian Theology, edited by A.

Richardson and 1. Bowden (London: SCM, 1989), pp. 566-567 Taylor, C., 'Rationality', in Rationality and Relativism, edited by M. Holis and S.

Lukes (Oxford: Blackwell, 1982), pp. 87-105 Taymans d'Eypemon, F., 'Dieu (Desir de)', in Dictionnaire de Spiritualite:

ascetique et mystique, doctrine et histoire, Volume 3 (paris: Beauchesne, 1957), columns 929-947

Terrien, S., 'The Numinous, the Sacred and the Holy in Scripture', Biblical Theology Bulletin, 12 (1982), 88-108

Tracy, D., 'The Uneasy Alliance Reconceived: Catholic Theological Method, Modernity, and Postmodernity', Theological Studies, 50 (1989),548-570

Vriezen, T. C., An Outline of Old Testament Theology (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1970)

Vroom, H. M., 'Does Theology Presuppose Faith?" Scottish Journal of Theology, 45(19921145-163

Wakefield, G. S., 'Spirituality', in New Dictionary of Christian Theology, edited by A. Richardson and 1. Bowden (London: SCM, 1989), pp. 549-550

Webb, M. 0., 'Does the Sanctity of Christian Mystics Corroborate their Claims', International Journalfor Philosophy of Religion, 37 (1995), 63-71

Williams, B., Descartes: The Project of Pure Inquiry (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1978)

Williams, B., Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1985)

Williams, R., 'Theological Integrity', New Blackfriars, 72 (1991), 140-151 Wilson, B. R., edited, Rationality (Oxford: Blackwell, 1977) Wittgenstein, L., On Certainty, translated by D. Paul and G. E. M. Anscombe

(Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1979) Wittgenstein, L., Philosophical Investigation, translated by G. E. M. Anscombe

(Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988) Wolf, S., 'Moral Saints', The Journal of Philosophy, 79 (1982), 419-439 Yandell, K. E., The Epistemology of Religious Experience (Cambridge: Cam­

bridge University Press, 1993)

Abelard, P. 101 Adams, R. M. 173n. 39 Adoration 28,42,44, 119, 123,

152 Aesthetics of von Balthasar 1,5,

9n. 34 Albus, M. 8n. 28, 9n. 34 Allen, C. W. 4n. 10 Ambrose, St 103n. 35 Anarchism 146n.67 Anonymous Cluistians 198 Anselm, 8t 28 Anti-realism 19, 137n. 32, 146 Apologetics 2-3,54-56, 128, 155,

162-187 Apologia II3, 162, 176, 180, 195 Aquinas,1'. lln. 41,100, 1l2n.

61, 118, 132n. 16 Arians 202 Aristotelianism 99, 102, 108n. 47,

128n.6,159 Aristotle 128n. 6, 157, 159, 1 SOn.

54 Art 121, 130,164 Athanasius, St 103n. 35,203 Atheism 198-199 Attunement 14-15

to God 3 Augustine, St 93, 103n. 35,207 Barth, K. S, 9, 14n. 51, 32n. 26,

43n. 63, 105n.45, 112n.62, 119n.81

Basil, St 103n. 35 Baxter, A. 12n. 43, 30n. 21, 31,

59n. 20, 193n. 13 Bayes, T. 142n. 53, Bayesian school 142-145 Bayes' Theorem 143n. 56, 143-

145,152, 154, 155, 156

INDEX

Berlin,1. 191-192 Bemanos, G. 93 Bernard, St 10 1 Bible 10, 108, 109, 110, 118n. 76 Blonde!, M. 25n. 4 Body and spirit 42n. 63 Bouyer, L. 27n. 11, 36-37 Brown, R. 1l8n.76 Burrell, D. B. l70nn. 29, 31, 177n.

47, 179n. 51 Byrne, P. ISln.55 Callaghan, B. 8Sn. 110 Calling (see also Mission) 50,63-

65, 86, 88n. 109,95, 115, 191 Capol, C. 5n. 13 Camap R. 141, 142n. 52

Camapian logic 147-148 Carter, A. l45n. 63, 199n. 23 Catez, E. 44,46, 53, 75 Chantraine, G. l23-124n.95 Charism 60n.22,203,204 Cluist as archetype 12 Chrysostom, St 103n. 35 Church (see also Roman Catholic

Church) 60--66, 76-77, 88n. 109,93,94, l04n. 43, 117, 118, 120,192, 193,206,207

Church Fathers (see Patristic tradition)

Clement of Alexandria 202 Community ofSt John 8, 88n. III Conformation to Cluist 16,44-46,

52,56,78,88,94 Conservatism 61 Constantinople IT 193n. 13 Contemplation (see Prayer) Conversion 155, 167-168, 169,

173,194, 197 Creation 25,29,37, 71, 86, S9

Creator 15,32,37,178 Creed 118 Customary holiness 65-66 Cyprian, St 103n. 35 Dahrendof, R 86n. 102 Death 33, 82, 84n. 100, 87n. 106

of the personality 72-73, 75-77 Descartes, R 189 Dewey, J. 157n.93 Diadochus de Photice 203 Dionysius the Areopagite 104n. 43 Donatist controversy 193n. 13 Drama 74-75,128 Dramatic existence 85,86 Dulles, A. 112n. 63 , 118n. 76 Dummett, M. 137n. 32, 138n. 36 Ecclesiology 12n. 44, 53, 60-66,

104n. 43, 108n. 49 Enlightenment 99, 118, 120, 127,

130, 155 Epiphanius, St 103n. 35 Epistemology 3, 10, 125-159 Eudaemonia 157 Evagrius of Pontic us 20'3 Evans, C. S. 58n. 96 Existentialism 86n. 102 Faith 10, 42n. 63,96-97, 100n.

41, 152-153, 171,208 and hearing 27 and knowledge 3,10,19,128-

129, 130-131 andreason 2-4,17, Ill , 117-

124, 182-187, 197-198, 205 andrevelation 9,10,17,18,

104n. 41,111,119,120,126, 171

and unbelief 100n. 41, 122, 131n. 14

Faith-stance 3, 10, 18,97, 100n. 41,106,113,116,152,155, 159,162,163,167,168,174, 176,179,182,183,184, 185, 187,195,197

Fascism 199 Feuerbach, L. 67n. 42 Feyerabend, P. 146n. 67 Fichte, J. G. 9n. 34 Fideism 19, 126, 129 Fitzmyer,1. 118n. 76 Form 9n. 34,51,52, 168-169

INDEX of Christ 12n. 43,14,87,168,

169,175, 180

227

Christian life-form 12, 18, 67n. 41,85,89, 114, 115, 168-173, 194, 197-198

Fowler, 1. W. 78n. 79 Francis de Sales, St 110, 207 Francis of Assisi, St 46n. 76 Freedom 129, 188-194 Frege, G. 142n. 52 Fulgentius, St 103n. 35 Gadamer, H.-G. 128n. 6 Gallagher, S. 4n. 10 Gammie, J. G. 7n. 23, 14n. 49 Gandhi, M. 195 Gawronski, R 27n. 15 Gellner, E. 4n. 10, 118n. 79 Gestalt (see Form) Gilbert, M. 7n. 23 God 10,14-16,20,24,172,202,

204,205, 206 existence of 3,9,17,18,170,

182n. 57, 186 experience of 11,18, 180,207,

208 holiness of 6, 13,19 knowledge of 3, 10-12, 18, 110,

171,174n.42,203, 209 love of 13,15-16,61,62,70

Goethe, 1. W. von 9, 126n. 2, 132n. 16, 169n. 23

Goodman, N. 144n. 61, 147n. 69 Grace 26n.6, 31-32,40,42,43,

87,191 , 204 Gregory ofNaziansus 103n. 35 Gregory of Nyssa 103n. 35 Grue 144n. 61 Guardini, R 17 Guerriero, E. 7n. 28 Gunton, C. E. 151n. 79, 165n. 11 Hare, R M. 139n. 43 Haring, B. 97n. 14, 114n. 69,

205n. 15 Hearing (see also Faith and

hearing) 28n. 17,39 Hegel, G. W. F. 17, 48n. 83, 50n.

2,87, 94-95,188 Heinz, H. 5n. 12, 8n. 28 Henrici, P. 7n. 28, 53, 98n. 18 Hick,J. 153n. 84, 181n. 55, 195-

228 THE APOLOGETIC VALUE OF HUMAN HOLINESS

196,197,198,200 and Kant 196, 198, 200

Hilary, St 103n. 35 Hollis, M. n. 10 Holy Spirit 15n. 54,28,43,55,60,

61,63,127,166,191,193 Human nature 82, 111, 157, 158,

194 Humility 54,67,68, 78 Husserl, E. 19n. 62, 57, 130n. 12 Idea 13,34,35-39,46,47,49,71,

72,77,78,79,87,89,94-95, 104,159,178,190,191,192 and Hegel 87, 94-95, 178 and mission 51-52,54,58,65,

70n.49, 169n.25, 188 Ignatius of Loyola, St 9, 102, 110,

192 Ignatian tradition 39n. 54, 75 hnagination 39n. 45, 42n. 63 hnitation of Christ 42,43,44,45,

47n. 78,62,74,181 Incarnation 103-104

of truth 103-104, 112, 114, 176n.46

Inclusivism 12-13n.46, 198 Inductive logic 142-145 Instrumentalism 140-142 Internal realism 21, 117, 125,

133-139,187,197-199,200 Irenaeus, St 103n. 35 Isidore, St 103n. 35 James, W. 166n. 19, 184 Jesuits 7,8, 102 Johannes Verlag 8 John of the Cross, St 70, 110,207 Jossua,1.-P. 121n. 87 Jung, C. G. 12n.43 Kannengieser, C. 35n. 40 Kant, I. 9n. 34, 108n. 47,126-130,

138n. 38, 159 Kantianism 99n. 23, 126-130,

135n. 25,159, 197, 198,200 Kasper, W. 108n. 47 Katz, S. T. lIn. 40 Keefe,D. 1. 111n. 56, 120-121 Kehl, M. 8n. 28 Kierkegaard, S. 25n. 3, 93, 122n.

90 Knowledge 115, 125-159, 173-

174, 188-194 and faith 3, 10, 19, 128-129,

130-131 of God 3,10-12,18,110,171,

174n. 42,203,209 and obedience 10

Lash, N. 112n.61 Lectio divina 27n. 11 Leech, K. 88n. 110 Lerclercq,1. 27n. 11, 101 Lethel, F.-M. 113n. 64 Lochbrunner, M. 5nn. 12-13,8nn.

28,31, 19n.64 Logical Empiricism 140-142 Logical Positivism 139n.43 Loser, W. 2n. 3, 5n. 12, 35n. 40 Love 43,68,80,83, 123

and contemplation 42 and knowledge 42, III of God 13,15-16,61,62,70

Lubac, H. de 8n. 28, 9, 115n. 72 McGregor, B. 6 McIntosh, M. A. 112n. 62, 119n.

81 MacIntyre, A. 4n. 10, 85n. 102,

128n.6 Majoritarianism 140n. 46, 141,

193 Malatesta, E. 44n. 69 Marchesi, G. 5n. 12 Martin, T. 53, 62n. 28, 69, 71, 73,

75-78, 110,207,209n. 32 Marx, K. 62n. 29, 174n. 44 Mary 58n. 19, 70n. 49, 109n. 49,

115 Mascall, E. L. 205n. 14 Metaphysical realism 125-126,

133-134,146,199 Miles, M. R. 7, 84n. 98 Mill, J. S. 142n. 52 Mission 20,21,24,30,40,47,48,

49,50-89,92,94, 95, 96, 113, 115, 116, 117, 121, 168, 169n. 25, 175, 176, 188, 190, 192, 204,205,206 and prayer 1,2,115

Mitchell, B. 4n. 9, 164n. 7 Mooney, H. 6n.20 Moore, P. Iln.40 Mouroux, J. 171n.32

Muslim way of life 193-194 Nagel, T. 131n.15 Natural sciences 123-124, 125,

126,133,146,151,154,163-164

Netland, H. 13n.46 New Testament 14,25 Newton, I. 132n. 16 Oakes, E. T. In. 2, 2n. 3, 6, 9n.

33, 19n. 66, 28n. 17, 126n. 2, 153n. 85, 176n. 45

Obedience 10-11,12,38,40,43, 57,67,68,69,72,111,119

Objectivity 98,117,122,122,131, 133-139, 147-148, 149-152, 152-153 conceptually relative objectivity

148, 152-153 O'Donnell, J. 5,6 Old Testament 14 Origen 26n. 9,93,107,202 Otto, R. 6n. 21 Padgett, A. G. 98n. 17 Pannenburg, W. 81n.88 Pannenides 82 Pascal, B. 93, 129n. 9, 171n. 33,

199n. 23 Passmore, J. 7 Patristic tradition 35-37, WI, 131,

201-205,206 and von Balthasar 1-2n. 3, 35n.

40, 50, 96n. 12,201,207 Personal identity 47-48,73-75,

87,89 Personal integration 79-89, 159 Phenomenalism 140-142 Phenomenology 18-19,57 Phillips, D. Z. 18n. 61, 172n. 37 Phronesis 4n. 10, 128n. 6 Plato 82 Platonism 36,37, 38n. 50 Pluralism 194-199 Popper, K. 141, 144n. 61 Potera, M. 8n. 28 Pragmatism 133n. 19 Prayer 24-49

contemplative 20, 72, 76, 192 and imagination 39n. 54 liturgical 39 and mission 1-2, 115

INDEX

and sin 32-35 and theology 97, Ill, 123,203,

205,207 Prescriptivism 139n. 43 Pride 77 Primary and secondary qualities

150 Prior probability 142-145,152,

155 Proof 16,21,129,162,167-168,

173-182,182,185,195,198, 199,200 external 175-176, 176-180 internal 175-176,180-182

Propper, T. 82n. 90 Prosopon 74 Przywara, E. 9 Putnam, H. 4,16,21,98, 99n. 23,

104n. 41,117,118-119,124, 125-126, 133-159, 162, 183-184,185,186,187,188,193, 200 on Kant 138-139

Quietism 71 n. 54 Quine, W. V. O. 154n. 88 Rad, G. von 6n. 23 Rahner, K. 8n. 28, 9, 31, 32n. 27,

81n. 88, 198n.22 Rationality 3,4, 16, 19,98, Illn.

56, 128n. 6 and faith 2-3, 117-124, 182-

187,197-198

229

Putnam on 4,117,126,139-148 Ratzinger, J. 74n. 63 Rawls, J. 199n. 24 Realism (see also Metaphysical

realism) 137n. 33 Reason 129

and faith 2,3,4,17, Ill, 117-124,182-187,197-198,205

Refonned epistemology 151n. 82 Relativism 21, 146-147, 152, 157,

193 Religious experience 11,196,197,

200,208n.30 Representative holiness 65, 66, 67 Resurrection 84, 85n. 102, 118n.

76 Revelation 9, 55, 56, 75, 83, 94,

97,97,103, 104n. 41,110-116,

230 THE APOLOGETIC VALUE OF HUMAN HOLINESS

117, 127, 130, 159, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 173, 173-182,186,194,198,200, 206,207,208 and faith 9, 10, 17, 18, 104n.

41, Ill, 119, 120, 126, 171 and knowledge 10,115

Riches,J. 5,25n.4 Ringgren, H. 13n. 48 Robinson, W. D. 182n. 58 Rolston,H.,m 177n.47 Roman Catholic Church 5,13,66 Roman Catholicism 5, 12n. 46 Rousseau, I. -I. 191 n. 9 Sachs, I. R. 1,6,9, 108n. 47, 109 Satire, I.-P. 86n. 102 Schillebeeckx, E. 83n. 97 Schindler, D. L. 6 Schleiennacher, F. D. E. 208n.30 Scholasticism 98, 1I8 Schrijver, G. de 5n. 12 Scientific method 142-145 Scola, A. 5n. 12, 79n. 82, 82nn.

93-94 Scriptures (see also Bible) 13-14,

26,27,28,37, 39n. 54,40,41, 46,76, 181

Second Vatican Council 7,13,14, 66 documents of 60n. 24, 66n. 39

Secular universities 116 Self-renunciation (die

Entaufterung) 15-16,61,62, 88n. 109

Sheldrake, P. 7n. 24, 88n. 110 Sherry, P. J. 6n. 22, 172n. 36,

177n.47, 179n. 50 Sicari, A. 93n. 5,95, 96n. 11,

108n. 49, 115 Sin 32-35, 87n. 106,190 Smith, I. E .. 182n. 59 Solignac, A. 98n. 21,202-204 Speyr, A. von 8,9, 19n. 65, 71n.

53, 88n. III Spirit (see Holy Spirit) Spirit and nature 80,85 Spirituality 6, 62n. 28, 95, 96,

107-110, 115, 116,204,207 Stephenson, R. H. 9n. 33, 169n. 25 Stigmata 46n. 76

Strawson, P. F. 128n.5 Sudbrack, J. 108n.47 Swinburne,R. 152n.84 Sykes, S. W. 205 Taymans d'Eypernon, F. 33n.31 Terrien, S. 13n. 48 Theodore ofMopsuestia 103n. 35 Theodoret, St 103n. 35 Theology 9,20,92-124,162,163-

168 and apologetics 20, 54-57, 97,

163, 166-168 monastic 10 1, 102 scholastic 100 and science 116-124 and spirituality 6, 54, 96, 102,

107-110 the three faces of 165-167 and transfonnation 112 von Balthasar's ideal of 96n. 12,

201-209 von Balthasar's proposals for

206-209 Therese of Lisieux (see Martin, T.) Theresa of Avila, St 70 Traditional objectivists 134-138 Traditional subjectivists 134-138 Trilogy 86 Trinity 43, 151n. 79 Truth 134-138,158,171,186,

198,199,200 coherence theory of 136-139,

184 correspondence theory of 134-

136, 146, 153-154, 158 Vandenbrouke, F. 108n.47 Vianney, I. 1I0 Vorgrimler, H. 8n.28 Vriezen, T. C. 7n. 23 Wakefield, G. S. 95n. 10 Warranted assertibility 137n. 32,

157n. 93 Weber, M. 140 Westminster Confession 180n.53 Williams, B. 149-150, 153 Williams, R. 9n. 34, 206n. 19 Wilson, B. R. 4n. 10 Winling, R. 97n. 15 Wittgenstein, L. 152n. 83 Wolf, S. 173n. 39

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

STUDIES IN PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION

E.-R. FREUND: Franz Rosenzweig's Philosophy of Existence. An Analysis of 'The Star of Redemption'. (Translation from the German revised edition.) 1979

ISBN 90-247-2091-5

A. M. OLSON: Transcendence and Hermeneutics. An Interpretation of the Philosophy of Karl Jaspers. 1979 ISBN Pb 90-247-2092-3

A. VERDU: The Philosophy of Buddhism. A 'Totalistic' Synthesis. 1981 ISBN 90-247-2224-1

H. H. OLIVER: A Relational Metaphysic. 1981 ISBN 90-247-2457-0

J. G. ARAPURA: Gnosis and the Question of Thought in Vedanta. Dialogue with the Foundations. 1986 ISBN 90-247-3061-9

w. HOROSZ and T. CLEMENTS (eds.): Religion and Human Purpose. A Cross Discip­linary Approach. 1987 ISBN 90-247-3000-7

S. SIA: God in Process Thought. A Study in Charles Hartshorne's Concept of God. 1985 ISBN 90-247-3lO3-8; Pb 90-247-3156-9

J. F. KOBLER: Vatican II and Phenomenology. Reflections on the Life-World of the Church. 1985 ISBN 90-247-3193-3; Pb 90-247-3194-1

J. J. GODFREY: A Philosophy of Human Hope. 1987 ISBN 90-247-3353-7; Pb 90-247 -3354-5

10. R. w. PERRETT: Death and Immortality. 1987 ISBN 90-247-3440-1

11. R. S. GALL: Beyond Theism and Atheism. Heidegger's Significance for Religious Thinking. 1987 ISBN 90-247-3623-4

12. S. SIA (ed.): Charles Hartshorne's Concept of God. Philosophical and Theological Responses. 1990 ISBN 0-7923-0290-7

13. R. w. PERRETT (ed.): Indian Philosophy of Religion. 1989 ISBN 0-7923-0437-3

14. H. E. M. HOFMEISTER: Truth and Belief. Interpretation and Critique of the Analytical Theory of Religion. 1990 ISBN 0-7923-0976-6

15. J. F. HARRIS (ed.): Logic, God and Metaphysics. 1992 ISBN 0-7923-1454-9

16. K. J. CLARK (ed.): Our Knowledge of God. Essays on Natural and Philosophical Theology. 1992 ISBN 0-7923-1485-9

17. H. P. KAINZ: Democracy and the 'Kingdom of God'. 1993 ISBN 0-7923-2lO6-5

18. E. T. LONG (ed.): God, Reason and Religions. New Essays in the Philosophy of Religion. 1995 ISBN 0-7923-38lO-3

19. G. BRUNTRUP and R.K. TACELLI (eds.): The Rationality of Theism 1999 ISBN 0-7923-5829-5

20. C. SEYMOUR: A Theodicy of Hell. 2000 ISBN 0-7923-6364-7

21. V. S. HARRISON: The Apologetic Value of Human Holiness. Von Balthasar's Christo-centric Philosophical Anthropology. 2000 ISBN 0-7923-6617-4

22. M. BLONDELt: The Idealist Illusion and Other Essays. Translation and Introduction by Fiachra Long, annotations by Fiachra Long and Claude Troisfontaines. 2000

ISBN 0-7923-6654-9

KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON