This presentation is co-financed by the European Social Fund and the state budget of the Czech Republic

The influence of applied cartographic methods The influence of applied cartographic methods on the map information perception on the map information perception

quantification for various groups of users

Alena VONDRÁKOVÁ

First InDOG Doctoral Conference, 29th October - 1st November 2012, Olomouc

Principal points of researchPrincipal points of research

lack of standardization or mandatory rules in cartography choice of method of cartographic visualization

depends on the opinion of the map author way of expressing the same information by different methods

of cartographic visualization leads to different user perception what can affect the perception of the map

age, sex, education, previous experience, actual mood... maps have to help their users to better understand geospatial

relationships, not to confuse the user users have to get the information as quickly as possible

and as accurately as possible

First InDOG Doctoral Conference, 29th October - 1st November 2012, Olomouc

Methods of cartographic visualizationMethods of cartographic visualization

set of rules to express the spatial characteristics in the map often referred as:

methods of representation, means of expression, interpretive methods, graphical representation, mapping expression, etc.

many ways of distribution and classification of these methods primary classification: point, line, areathematic classification: physical- and socio-economic geographythematic methods: choropleth, isarithmic , dot density,

dasymetric, topographic...type of material: tactile 3D, plastic, paper, metal...type of presentation: digital, analog, on-line, off-line...

representatives of the Czech cartography:Voženílek, Veverka, Konečný, Kaňok, Čapek, Drápela, Murdych...

First InDOG Doctoral Conference, 29th October - 1st November 2012, Olomouc

Map information perceptionMap information perception

Ways in which maps are read by users are crucial determinants Ways in which maps are read by users are crucial determinants of the effectiveness of such mapsof the effectiveness of such maps. . Board and Taylor, 1977

the influence of using different cartographic methods of visualization on the information perception from a mapis something, that objectively exists map information perception is individualour aim is to objectify and quantify this user aspectone of the possible solutions is offered by technologyof eye-tracking

First InDOG Doctoral Conference, 29th October - 1st November 2012, Olomouc

Realization of the studyRealization of the study

SMI RED 250 120 Hz, resolution 1680 × 1050 px

First InDOG Doctoral Conference, 29th October - 1st November 2012, Olomouc

Realization of the studyRealization of the study

First InDOG Doctoral Conference, 29th October - 1st November 2012, Olomouc

Realization of the studyRealization of the studySMI Experiment Centre™

BeGaze™ Analysis software

First InDOG Doctoral Conference, 29th October - 1st November 2012, Olomouc

Realization of the studyRealization of the study

AOI characteristics, fixations, saccades, mouseclicks...

Statistical evaluationStatistical evaluation

First InDOG Doctoral Conference, 29th October - 1st November 2012, Olomouc

Realization of the studyRealization of the study

HeatMap

GazePlot

Visual evaluationVisual evaluation

First InDOG Doctoral Conference, 29th October - 1st November 2012, Olomouc

Realization of the studyRealization of the study

ScanPath

BeeSwarm

Individual interpretationIndividual interpretation

First InDOG Doctoral Conference, 29th October - 1st November 2012, Olomouc

Realization of the studyRealization of the study

Comparison of respondentsComparison of respondents

First InDOG Doctoral Conference, 29th October - 1st November 2012, Olomouc

Realization of the studyRealization of the study

Group evaluationGroup evaluation

First InDOG Doctoral Conference, 29th October - 1st November 2012, Olomouc

Preliminary resultsPreliminary results

Data processingData processing

First InDOG Doctoral Conference, 29th October - 1st November 2012, Olomouc

Preliminary resultsPreliminary results

minimal influence of gender on the response time in total cartographers answered one second faster woman response was also one second earlier than man response

First InDOG Doctoral Conference, 29th October - 1st November 2012, Olomouc

Preliminary resultsPreliminary results

influence of cartographic education is significant difference in correct answers is 12% in cartographic education

and 5% between gender (women were more succesfull)

First InDOG Doctoral Conference, 29th October - 1st November 2012, Olomouc

Significant differencesSignificant differences

difference between cartographers and non-cartographers

problems with contour lines,choropleth map and diagram map

First InDOG Doctoral Conference, 29th October - 1st November 2012, Olomouc

Preliminary resultsPreliminary results

the most suitable for the presentation of terrain was method of colour hypsometry

for the presentation of socio-economic data of uneploymentwas the most appropriate diagram map

for the presentation of demographical characeristic was the most suitable method of diagram map

big influence has also the choose of the type of chart

First InDOG Doctoral Conference, 29th October - 1st November 2012, Olomouc

ConclusionConclusion

some questions seems easy and in the result they are the most difficult for respondents

there are significant differences between sub-groupsof respondents identified by sex or cartographic education

we can train people how to read maps – but can people train cartographers how to create maps?

it is needed tovalidate maps

it is needed to takeinto consideration the user aspects

First InDOG Doctoral Conference, 29th October - 1st November 2012, Olomouc

DiscussionDiscussion future tasks

to make this experiment with regard to the age of respondents try to identify control mechanism in user behaviour

(time of verifikation answers that the user find some time period beforethe mouseclick – such as control of other possibilities in AOI)

Using appropriate visualization methods can significantly reduce the time needed for obtain required information.

Maps help their users to better understand geospatial relationship... Maps help their users to better understand geospatial relationship...

Kraak and Ormeling, 2003

......and and should not confuse should not confuse them!them!Vondráková, 2012

First InDOG Doctoral Conference, 29th October - 1st November 2012, Olomouc

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION