vtt transport vehicle_systems
TRANSCRIPT
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Vision
• optical sensing• vehicle positioning• system evaluation• impact assessment• HMI design• control algorithms• driver monitoring• V2X communication• ITS services
Recognised to be the GLOBAL TOP 20 RESEARCHINSTITUTE IN THE FIELD OF AUTOMATED VEHICLES
BY 2020 in the selected areas:
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Automated driving competences
HUMAN CAPITALCore team 15 people (+ 100 people workingwith single sensors or other ITS technologies)Experience of over 400 projects at the ITS area15–25 journal articles and inventions per year
FACILITIESOn-board ITS platformITS LabFiat 500L instrumented vehicleVW Golf test vehicleInstrumented trailerRobotic ground vehicle
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Localisation of a vehicle
Cameras and laser scanners for relative positioningAccurate and dynamic map layersPlain or base station supported GPSVehicle odometryCooperative information sharing (object locations,roadworks etc) between vehicles and roadside unitsRelative positioning between two ITS G5 (802.11p)communication unit equip vehicles
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Detection of vulnerable road users
Integration of VRUs in the cooperative traffic systemsHumans detection in safety zones of moving work machines (harbour area,forest, road, etc.)Two alternatives: Thermal camera and 3D stereo visionSoftware for sensor fusion (cameras, laser scanners, etc.)Good performance in adverse outdoor conditions (smoke, fog, rain, snow, etc.)
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IcOR – Camera based road weather monitoring
Detection of slippery road andfrictionBoth roadside and in-vehicle unitsCamera pair and imageprocessing detects difference ofhorizontal and vertical lightpolarization and texture analysisground graininessMonitors icy or wet road in largeareas (e.g. whole intersection)In-vehicle unit is able to detectslippery road 30 m ahead of thevehicle
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Control architectures and algorithms
Navigation logic: route planning onaccurate maps, landmark use, collisionavoidance
Modular software and hardware design
Sensor data fusion platform
Enrich optical sensing opportunities:laser scanners, cameras, thermalcameras, stereo vision and radars
Robotic vehicle experiences
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Improving safety at rail crossings
Warning system for railwaycrossings
improve safety by warningroad users on theapproaching train
Cost-effectiveimplementation based onlocalisation and mobilecommunication
Possible to use differentdevices
Mobile phonesITS terminals (DSRC)Information displaysWarning lights
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IEEE802.11p radio in the harbour area
Collision warnings fordrivers based on situationawareness and dynamic riskassessment
IEEE 802.11p radios were usedto send position to thenearby vehicles
Developed a reflection stationsto maximise connectivity andto minimise radio traffic
Blue: direct connection between straddlecarriers
Orange: connection through static radio (C)
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Transportation infrastructure support
LOCAL DYNAMIC MAPS- Dynamic layers to the map data- Road topology information
LIVING OBJECT DETECTION- Thermal camera based system- Image processing for detecting livingobjects
ROAD WEATHER CAMERAS- 2 techniques: near-infrared andpolarisation
- Cost range: 1.5–20 kEur depending onaccuracy requirements
SENSOR DATA FUSION- Convert all infrastructure messagesto the ETSI TC ITS, CEN/TC 278compliant format
- Synchronizes the data sources
INFORMATION TOTHE VEHICLES ANDTRAFFICMANAGEMENTCENTRE
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testITS concept
Services• Test site handbook• Value chainstakeholders
R&D• Business opportunities• Key technologies• Pilot road maps
Internationalcooperation• With other European testsites
Users• Test subjects
Test site environment• Maintenance• Infra owners• User needs
Test site operation• Big traffic data• Innovative procurements• Go-to market gateway
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DRIVE-C2X field tests
System validation:SPITS, Helmond
User tests:Coop TS Finland, TampereSAFER, GöteborgsimTD, FrankfurtSCORE@F, YvelinesAutobrennero,Brennero-TrentoSISCOGA, Vigo
Coop TS FinlandTampere
HelmondSystem TS
SiscogaVigo
SCORE-FYvelines
AutobrenneroBrennero-Trento
simTD
Frankfurt
Test Site SwedenGothenburg
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Tampere cooperative test site
The test round 2 x 22 km3 vehicles and 50 test subjectsCooperative warnings:
Child warningSpeed limitsPedestrian zonesStop signsRoad worksBroken car
CommunicationsITS-G5 (IEEE802.11p)3G / LTE
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Communication performance testing
Quality of Service measurementusing Qosmet tool developed byVTTAlso used to test applicability ofC-ITS in VRU scenariosPossibility to select the mostoptimal transmission method(cellular vs ITS-G5)
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Near-infraredsensitive cameraActive laserilluminationVisibility distance50 – 200 m
Fog detection simulation
Fog index
Location
Road side unit
Fog and friction detection in Tampere test site
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C-ITS deployment and standardisation
VTT is involved in C-ITSplatform, coordinated byEuropean Commission
Addressed main barriers todeployment of C-ITS inEurope
Work on integration of VRUs inC-ITS applications
Development of architecturefor integration of VRUs inC-ITSVTT involved in ETSI studyon C-ITS for VRUs
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Evaluating impacts of intelligent transportsystems (ITS)
Field studiesmonitoring driver behavior withnew systems in real context indifferent traffic environments
Expert assessmentMethods and tools to providenumerical estimates of impactson traffic safetyScaling-up the results onEuropean level
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Evaluation indicators
Glance-behavior (duration, frequency)Speed behavior, including jerks, i.e. abrupt speed changesLateral & longitudinal position and variationsUse of car controlsTTC (time-to-collision), conflicts, interaction with other roadusers, including vulnerable road users (VRUs)Driver workload and other subjective measures such as usabilityof the systemDrivers’ comprehension of the functionality and limitations of thesystem in various driving situations
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Driving style analysis andfeedback
VTT’s driving style analysis based onIn-vehicle dataGPSTimestampRoad type and speed limitsRoad weather conditions
Simple feedback on mobile and detailedreports on web
Safe driving index and detailed reportEco-diving index (and report)Risk events on the map
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Driver monitoring - how we do it…
The camera based application for analysing driverbehaviour1. Attention mapping: Analyses of the driver
attention targets (road ahead, side mirror, radio,etc.)
2. Cognitive distraction: Driving patterns andgaze/head activity. Analysis if the driverconcentrates on the driving task
3. UFOV: Camera based online measurement ofuseful field of view of a vehicle driver
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Driver monitoring experiments
Algorithms has been created for monitoring driver’s activity and engagement to thedriving taskThe Cockpit Activity Assessment (CAA) module measures visual and cognitivedistraction level of a driverThe module has been evaluated in the Volvo’s truck and SEAT’s passenger carPerformance of cognitive distraction detection is 65-80% whereas visual one canbe detected up to 90% performance rateEvaluation tool of the large scale field operational tests of TeleFOT to assessimpacts of navigators to driving behaviour
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Studying human technology interaction (HTI)in traffic
Using new HMI in real context – driving in normal trafficenvironmentComparing different solutions, and driving with/without thesystemKey research questions / set-ups
Primary task (safe driving) versus secondary task (using of anydevice, application while driving)
Distraction: “eyes-off, hands-off, brains-off”Focus of attention, e.g. warnings of critical events – focusing on HTI orfocusing on e.g. other road usersTransition from automated to manual driving task
Interaction with other road users
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VTThas strong experience in ITS safetyresearchis competent in sensor technologyimplementationis impartial actor in evaluationhas knowledge concerning controlalgorithms, navigation and localisationhas experience in HMI and drivermonitoring research topicshas strong networks with the ITSstakeholders
Conclusions
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Matti KutilaSenior Project ManagerTel. +358 40 820 [email protected]
More information
www.vttresearch.com/services/sustainable-and-smart-city/transport/vehicle-systems
Merja PenttinenResearch Team LeaderTel. +358 40 554 [email protected]
Karri RantasilaKey Account ManagerTel. +358 40 156 [email protected]