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By :

Agus Suherman (072 11 006)

Bany Aji Jufri

Fitrah Agung

Yoshua Wismoyo Gultom

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Etymology

The wordvolcano is thought to derive fromVulcano,

a volcanic island in theAeolian Islands of Italy

whose name in turn originates fromVulcan,

the name of a god offiresometimes spelledvulcanology.

in Roman mythology.

The study of volcanoes is calledvolcanology,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeolian_Islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcan_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcan_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeolian_Islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcano

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Vulcano

A place at the surface of the earth where magmatic material

from the depth erupts or has erupted in the past, usually forming a

mountain, more or less conical in shape with a crater in the top .

Volcano is both the place or opening from which molten rock or

gas, and generally both, issues from the earths interior onto the

surface, and the hill or mountain built up around the opening by

accumulation of the rock material

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Distribution and number of zoning volcano world

No Location Count No Location Count

01Eropa - Peg.

Kaukasus43 11 Alaska Kep. Aleutian 93

02 Afrika Laut Merah 136 12Canada USA bag.

barat91

03Timur Tengah

Samudera India49 13

Hawaii & Samudera

Pasifik24

04 Selandia Baru - Fiji 47 14Meksiko & Amerika

Tengah 109

05 Melanesia - Australia 86 15 Amerika Selatan 202

06Indonesia Kep.

Andaman141 16 India Barat 17

07Filipina Asia

Tenggara64 17

Eslandia & Lautan

Artik35

08Jepang, Taiwan,

Kep. Mariana131 18 Samudera Atlantik 35

09 &

10

Kep. Kuril,

Kamchatka &

Daratan Asia

192 19Antartika & Kep.

Sandwich31

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19 Regional distribution and gn.api world

the division of the earth's crustal plates

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Volcano_Map.png

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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Map_of_alaska_volcanoes_cleveland.jpg

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Magma definition Viscous incandescent rocks that are still in the earth or been

thrown to the earth's surface (Macdonald, 1972). Magma that hasbeen out to the earth's surface is called lava.

Natural substance that all / most condensed form ofincandescent material which solidifies on cooling process form acrystalline igneous or gelasan (Williams & McBirney, 1979).

Fluid / silicate solution that is formed naturally fluorescent, easyto move, temperature 900 - 1000o C, coming from the bottom ofthe earth's crust - the earth's upper casing (Alzwar et al., 1988).

Material system which consists of multiple components of theliquid phase as the main component, a number of crystals assolid phase and gas phase under certain conditions.

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The origins of magma Results disintegration of radioactive elements (eg

238U, 40K, etc..)

Deformation due to melting rock below the surface (eggranite magma)

Earth's crust into subduction sheath earth (Ringwood,1974; Tatsumi et al., 1983).

Piercement earth sheathing materials (upwelling /plumbing mantle) is diapirik (Sisson & Bronto, 1998;Maruyama, 1999)

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Gn.api magma sources: asthenosphere,

Earth & sheath crust subduction

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(primary magmas) &

(differentiated magmas) Magma primary / primitive / stem: approaching the

earth sheath composition (rich in Fe, Mg, Ni and Ca /(Ca + Na + K). Example: high-Mg basalts

Derived magma: magma derived from the parent,because the process of differentiation becomesincreasingly poor Fe, Mg, Ni and Ca / (Ca + Na + K),the richer ttp Si, Al, Na and K. Example: the co-magmatic alteration of basalt to andesite magmabasalt, andesite, dacite and rhyolite

Relationship with Bowen Reaction Series?

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Gn.api magma relationship with the general

tectonic settings Magma Series Toleit numerous in gn.api pd ocean

floor spreading

Calk-alkaline magma (Cretaceous Alkali) gn.apigenerally pertinent in subduction zones, ttp dpt dr THchanged gradually to High CA CA & further away fromthe subduction zone

Alkaline magmas are dominant in gn. fire continentalAdmittedly deviation occurs because of the

heterogeneity and the source of magmatism

Magma Petrogenesis need detailed research

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Tectonic Summary Grouping Order

by Type Generated volcano rocks