“VULNERABLE SENIOR CITIZEN HOUSING PROVIDED BY THE STATE OF CHILE, RISK EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT THROUGH ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN ”

Marcela Pizzi - John Chalmers - Viviana Fernández - Daniel Bunout - Paulina Osorio - Valentina Avendaño - Macarena Cusato - Karen Rivera

University of Chile

HypothesisSeniors autonomy in performing Basic Activities of Daily Living, (BADL) and risk is directly related with architectural and equipment design.

In these terms functionality depends not only on physiological aspects but is also is affected by the formal characteristics of the environment.

With an adequate diagnosis it is posible to develop guidelines for more aproppriate designs for this age group.

Objectives

Contrast dimensional characteristics of the built environment and performance of BADL in representative cases of housing provided by the State of Chile to autonomous seniors.

1990

1997

2007

2012

Special Attention Programs

SeniorCondominiums

for independent seniors (Condominiums)for dependent seniors (Long stay establishments)

sets aside 2% of social housing stock from government programs.Does not include special design conditions

1 level housing (25m2) with some adaptions

plus common spaces.

Senior Public Policies in ChileNeeds are acknowledged for the first time

LOCATION

2007 Supervized Housing

1990 Special Attention Program

1997 Condominiums for Seniors

1990 Special Attention Program

1. “El Refugio”, Puente Alto 8 cases

1997 Condominiums for Seniors“La Primavera” 8 cases

2007 Supervized Condominiums “Tuteladas San Ramón“ 8 cases

Based on the Katz Scale which considers self-care tasksPersonal Hygiene and groomingDressing and undressingSelf feedingFunctional transfers (getting into and out of bed or wheelchair, getting onto or off toilet, etc.)Bowel and bladder managementAmbulation (walking without use of an assistive device (walker, cane, or crutches) or using a wheelchair

Katz, S; Ford, A.B.; Moskowitz, A.W.; Jackson, B.A.; Jaffe, M.W; 1963

We identified de spaces and equipment directly related to the activitydescribing in detail the operations needed for each of them, and identify risk during performance.

Operations

Dressing and Undressing

Self feeding Functional Transfers

Use of ToiletPersonal Hygieneand grooming

Bathing

Hand Washing

Open Main DoorEnter houseClose Main DoorMove Between roomsEnter BedroomEnter BathroomEnter KitchenGo to patio

Sit on toiletRaise from toilet

Open closetsUnhang clothesOpen DrawersClose Drawers Heat Water

Enter or get out shower or tubOpen water tapsReach ShowerReach soapReach towels

Heat WaterOpen water tapsReach soapWash handsWash bodyWash hairReach towels

Reach CutleryReach pots and PansReach FoodWash Utensils

Requirements Imposed to the senior by the activityR

D

I

M

E

D

I

M

Disfunctions

Impacts

Morphology

Incoherencies between the housing design and senior’s functionality

Consequences on senior’s autonomy

Relation between housing design and Impacts on seniors

We developed data collection instruments

Identification

Valued Impact for activity performance

Fear

Discomfort

Difficulty

Pain

Chooses not to perform

1

1

1

1

5

Objective

Subjetive

Based on Documents

Professionals Based on Knowledge

Seniors Based on his/her life experiences

References Based on disciplinary knowledge and codes

Methodology

In a first level analysis of the data from the point of how many operations present problems in their preformance, we can tell the most conflictive actions

In a second level of analysis, looking for the presence of Requirements , we find out those most relevant related to Height – Equilibrium – Strength – Mobility and Clenching

In a third level of analysis, we search for the Impacts, (Consequences) such as Fear - Discomfort - Difficulty Pain and Inhibition (Chooses or cannot perform).

Major FindingsExterior SpacesNeed of Outdoor Spaces Related to the Unit

Exterior Spaces: Security

Height

Layout

Size

Size

Furniture and appliances

Furniture and appliances