W / L V L W W A W / M i

A SPECIAL CHRISTMAS NUMBER WITH AN IRISH SONG ON EVERY PAGE

ft I

V . V . V . V ^ . V . V . V A W . V . ' . • . V W J V I W W W W A V W W .

IRISH MOCRAT

No. 96 (N.S.) DECEMBER, 1952 Fourpence

MANY IRISH RALLIES IN THE / # FENIAN CITY i i

THE FOUR COURTS, DUBLIN, SCENE OF THE DESPERATE REPUBLICAN RESISTANCE, 1922.

("Irish Times" photograph)

721.900 IN BRITAIN

ATEST census figures illustrate the enormous increase in the 1 number of Irish men and women in this country. A detailed analysis of these figures,

published on page three, shows that contrary to all claims, emigration from the six occupied counties of Northern Ireland is almost as great as that from the twenty-six counties usually considered the principal suf-ferers from the crime of partition.

Majori ty of Nor thern Irelanders go to Scotland. Largest concentration of Repub-lican Citizens is in London, with the North-west a good second (Liverpool and Manchester) and t h e Midlands (Birming-h a m ) third.

POWERFUL FORCE To the 721,900 who have been driven

abroad by partition economics, must be added close on a million men and women of I r i sh descent who, even if they did not w a n t to be Irish, art never allowed to for-

V - '

Wide Support for Unity Campaign

T^ROM London, t h e South Midlands, ' Manchester—and from as far away as Oarit City—the "Irish Democrat" has received signatures to its petit km calling upon all Irish organisations to unite In order to fight the border.

A number of these have been accom-panied by donations to the funds of the ' Irish Democrat."

The petition form will be reprinted in January, and we hope by next Easter to be able to display thousands upon thou-s a n d s of signatures to prove beyond a shadow of doubt that the l I i i sh In Britain WANT unity.

Meanwhile the Connolly Association In-vitee n«jr members. According to its con-st i tut ion it is an entirely independent organisation, linked to no political party, but devoted to completing the work begun by James Connolly many years ago. Those wishing to Join should communicate with P. Clancy, at 53 Rosoman Street, E.C.I.

get their origin by the more backward elements around them.

Taken as a whole the Irish in Britain 3 represent a powerful political force, which if it were united, could do much to compel the ending of partition, and play a big part in the progress of the people of Great Britain also.

Irish Unity Nearer in Manchester "IRISH DEMOCRAT" REPORTER

"THE evils of partition were made known to many thousands during the 1 course Of the "Irish Week" in Manchester, new recruits joined the

Connolly Association, and upwards of a thousand extra copies of the "Irish ' Democrat" were sold.

Dockers, railway workers, and electrical workers heard Connolly Association speakers Joe Deighan (organiser of t h e 1948 Wolfe Tone sesqul-centenary com-memorations in Belfast), Desmond Greaves, assisted by Malrin Johnston, ex-plain the need for unity of the workers of both countries to solve their common problems, a t a 'Serlts of-factory %ate m e l t -ings. ' Y • •';';•

At the D e a h S ^ a ^ where fHehdly organisations called o f T t h d r <fwh i to allow the Irish case to W ftfep . hundred one week, a n d six hundred next, mostly English people, listened in-tently in the d a m p chilly evening, t o Stephen Lally, cha i rman of the Manches-ter branch of the Connolly Association, cal l for t rade union resolutions against " tion. Other speakers were Greaves and Eamonn MacLoughlin, with. Tnty ftoiffhan til fho fiiafi* '

The two processions organised by thg .

H

Y ""IS

iS®

PATRICK KJLROY

SONGS FOR THE CHRISTMAS DAYS 1. KELLY O F | § I L L A N N E

Manchester Martyrs' Committee (secretary Mrs. Fleming) were fully supported by the

(Continued on Paga Fiwfr

Ennisccrthy's fn flames, and old 1 f is won,

And the Barrow to-morrow we cross! On a hill o'er the town we have planted a

; • gun That will batter the gateways of Ross!

M|'the Forth men and Bargy men inarch o'er the heath, ^

of all M the grlrtt

LI AM MELLOWES TO JB£ HONOURED

CITIES ition of Llam

"WHAT'S the news7 What's the news? " O bold She!mailer, With your long-barrelled gun of the sea?

Say, what wind from the sun blows his messenger Itere,

mm the u

"r

"Goodly h m , 5 g o a d l y n e w s , do i bring. Youth of Forth;

Goodly m p s shall you hear, Bargy man! For the bay* march at morn from the

South te the North, Led by Kstiy, the Bey from Kilianne!"

"Toil me whe Is lhat giant with the gold curling half—

He whrHjp^VI tfv ,liaatfh«f m v r bandt S e v w r W "

mm m the London meeting whloh Is to • t t he Anson H«H, convenient t » tha burn and Oriektowood areas *f London, in Chiohaje- Bead, whfeh rana down from the "Cnmm"

mmm

' T T f j W

lng to new strengths. Indeed, we were (and,not by anyone from Belfast!,)

BIRMINGHAM IRISH ARE LEAVING FOR CORBY

CORK MEN EMIGRATE AS FORDS LAY OFF HUNDREDS A CORRESPONDENT in Cork

writes telling us of the acute un-employment which exists in that city. The only prosperous industry is that of the Inshfallen which leaves port every night with its quota of emigrants.

In three weeks successively Messrs. Fords laid off several hundreds of men, and these were no sooner laid off but were on the emigrant ship.

Following the strike at Fords a t Dagen-ham, a number of men returned home in disgust against the conditions which the management were endeavouring to im-pose cm them. Most of these have come back again as there is nothing for them to do in Cork. . The lay-off in Cork redacts the advanc-ing speed with which the economic crisis which is getting all the capitalist coun-tries into its grip is influencing the eco-nomy of Ireland. *T*HE days of rapid advance in farming * seem to be over. Ever-rising prices

i r e making the pay-packets shorter; less is be ingbought apart from the most es-sential needs, in food and clothing. The result is that the small farmer lias less to invest; the worker has less to spend in the shops. Fewer people are needed 'o cater for the restricted volume of busi-ness, and so still further unemployment developes with further restriction of spending and so the vicious cycle goes on.

Our correspondent goes on to add that there is mounting discontent which may not long be held back by the removal of the most discontented by emigration.

In-nip* of this situation it is the more fentMCpht fofr tnglfsh and Irish workers to .got ^0 know oach other, as, especially In oases which involve such international

their common of saving both

Note that—with a decent wage—there may be jobs coming available without that, scab jobs.

Unemployment certainly is here, and George wants it to be discussed at the conference which the "Irish Democrat" is calling in the rooms of the Sheet Metal Workers' Union, at 262 Corporation Street, Birmingham, on Saturday, January 24th, 1953.

FELONS OF

by Arthur M. Forrester MAM Uifl'll lininL A mwi Cj «« • m m n

•iTUvsa? ,-u

Hemsworth.—50 dwellings, Chester-le-Street.—36 houses on Rod Rose

Hall Estate. Direct labour. £51,633. Huckr.ll (Notts.).—40 houses at Ruffs

Farm Estate. Gascoigne & Tyler. £54,487. Blackpool.—20 dwellings at Branstree Rd.,

Mereside. W. R. Ward & Co., Ltd., £26,200.

Hatfield.—45 flats a t Longmead. Circle Cons. Co. Ltd. £76,729.

Liverpool.—24 flats at Cazneau St. Direri labour. £47,750.

Oalton.—44 houses on Greystone Estate. C. Townson. £59,312.

Chester.—80 houses on Blacon Estate. T. Warrington & Sons Ltd. £96,658.

Hereford.—246 dwellings on Newton Farm Estate. S. Nicholls & Co. Ltd. £317,288.

Tipton.—66 houses on Park Lane Estate. Austin & Co.. Ltd. £94,046.

Rawtenstall, Lanes.—51 houses on Lomas Lane Estate. A. Spencer Ltd. £63,031.

Harlow.—1,008 houses on Potter Street site. W. & C. French L td £1,573,018.

Nottingham.—2,000 No-Fine Houses on Clifton Estate. G. Wimpey & Co. £2,801,498.

Blyth.—100 houses on Cowpen Estate. G. Wimpey & Co. Ltd.

Scunthorpe.—78 houses on New Brumby Estate. G. Wimpcy & Co., Ltd. £106,487.

Barnsley—Pithead baths at Darefleid Colliery. A Bradbury Ltd., '£100,000.

Bradford.—22 houses at Netherlands Ave., S. Parker Ltd. £31,695.

Canterbury.—24 houses on London Road site. G. Lewis & Sons. £40,899.

Colne.—32 flats on Buck Street and Windy Bank. Direct labour.

Lancaster.—66 hfmses at Esh-Winning. Direct labour.

Chesterfield.—48 houses. Redmile & Sens Ltd. £68,880.

Bishops Stortford. — 10G dwellings at Havers Lane Estate. G. Wimpey & Co. £250,000.

Carlisle.—100 houses a t Upperby Village West site and 80 houses on Haraby site. J. Laing & Co. Ltd.

Blackburn.—84 houses on Chadsworth Rd. site. Direct labour. £104,140.

Swindon.—275 houses a t Penhill site. J, Laing & Co. Ltd. £370,316.

Millom.—10 houses. S. Shieldon. £15,280. Newcastle-on-Tyne.—65 houses. Slatey

Ford Lane Estate, Cussins Ltd. £84,037. Fleetwood.—Houses on West View Estate.

Valentine & Sons Ltd. Bradford.—232 houses at Buttershaw Es-

tate. Direct labour. £327,344. Liverpool.—1,570 houses a t South Dean

Kirby. Unit Cons. Co. Ltd. £2,187,624. Romford.—96 houses a t Cross Road site.

W. & J. Weatherhead Ltji. £117,569. Bootle.—56 houses on Sterrix Lane site.

Hawthorn Building Cons. Co. £57,484. Coventry.—183 dwellings on Bell Greer

site Assoc. of Building Trade Employ-ers. £239348.

Cray ford.—250 dwellings. Carlton Contrac-tors Ltd. & S. A. Agombar Ltd.

Greenock.—22 houses a t Hillend Drive site, Crawfordsburn. Blackburn Ltd.

Greenock.—12 houses a t Lyle Road. J. Laird & Sons.

Glasgow.—School at Friar ton Road, Mary-hill. M. Simpson & Co. Ltd.

Kincardine.—40 houses a t Market Stance Banchory. R. &• J. Reed, Ltd.

Lanarkshire.—147 houses on Burnside site. Tannockside. Weir Housing Corporation Ltd. £313,001.

Coatbridge.—:73 houses on Kirkwood site. Louden & Inglis.

Glasgow.—School at Barnul Loch, The Bristol Air Co.

Glasgow.—Houses at Garthamloch site. L. K. Mackenzie & Ptns. Ltd. . £301,242.

Glasgow.—114 houses at Gathamloch site. J. Laidlaw Sons Ltd. £193,516.

Inverness.—20 houses at Direibught. Weir Housing Corporation. £1,15X.

Lanarkshire— 30 houses at Bank Head site, Lesmahagow. Blackburn Ltd. £51,434*

Lanarkshire.—36 houses at Carmur.nock and 62 houses at Eddlewood.

A BIRMINGHAM INSTITUTION

< >N"; reason t ha t all Irish counties are not/represented in Birmingham Irish

Pipe Band is t h a t there are not 32 play-ers! The band, winners jn the recent Feis, is one of the mast representative Irish bodies in Birmingham.

Pipe Major Bill O'Connor, who taught the pipers is f rom Co. Cork. Chairman Tom Finn is a Waterford man; Treasurer Tom Maguire f rom Cavan; the big drum-mer, John Ramsey, is from Belfast, as is John McMillen, secretary and leading side-drummer, and member of a noted republi-can family.

Inspired by the knowledge that Ireland has many proud traditions as well as the language, members and supporters have in the short period since the inception In 1M7 confounded the sceptics by equipping the payers with tlMttr colourful Brian

,BSCU uniforms Made by a Dutch lady, Mrs. Bwectman, wife at a Mayo man, they are replicas of those in which the Irish de-

Dutch at Cleatarf. Great as-givon by John Lyons, A m i .

" and proprietor of the Isle Social Club in SummervUle

people between the ages of 9

members of the band

-that if it wasn't for the North the Irish spirit in Birmingham would be dead!

Reason given for this was the greater participation of working class people in the North in the Irish cultural movements. No doubt the need to light for Irish ways and rights is more obvious there.

I CAN assure George that it will-be. it 1 is one of the key questions affecting

Birmingham Irishmen now. Already Birmingham Transport is no longer re-cruiting labour from Ireland. Many firms are closing their doors to Irish men and women—as is known for a long time past African and West Indian immigrants have not had an earthly chance of a job; their fate is no matter of indifference to the Irish, who seem to be "next on the list."

If you are unemployed you can't pay £2 10s for lodgings out of 26/- unemploy-ment benefit. Just- imagine a desperate man, owing his landlady money, and in fear of being put on the streets—to say nothing of his family in Ireland maybe depending on him. If an employer offers him a job at a reduced wage, he will need to be strong-minded to refuse It.

The remedy is to unite $nd fight the causes of unemployment now, before it gets bad. For a long time the Connolly Association has been alone in warning Irishmen of the fate the British employers have prepared lor them, and calling on Irish and English to unite to resist it.

So we have invited representatives ot the trade unions, the Trades Council, the Birmingham group of Labour M.P.s, the political parties, etc. to com? and discuss this "and other questions. And we will also talk about hostels, accommodation, prices of lodgings, racial discrimination, anti-Irish propaganda, emigration and, of course, the principal immediate cause of Irish difficulties, partition which, by min-ing Ireland, drives Irishmen abroad.

Already the local Press is trying to blame cosh incidents on to the Irish. This is done by always mentioning the nationality of any Irishman who commits a misde-meanour.

One of the great lessons of the present time is the need to fight against defeatism and synicism in the Irish ranks. These arise first from lack of knowledge of causes, and second from lack of organisa-tion. Education and organisation breed confidence. We hope from this conference to start a campaign to solve the problems of Irishmen, which will be a worthy suc-cessor to the great Birmingham "Irish Week" which aroused so much interest last year. We know the common enemy of Irish and British peoples is British im-perialism. and we intend to forge the unity to fight against it.

Irish and other organisations as far away as Coventry, Leicester. Northampton, Nottingham and Derby are to be invited to the conference.

Dublin elects a delegate to the Peace Congress

A T a well-attended meeting sponsored J * by the Irish Peace Committee in Dub-lin. a young building worker, Mr. Michael Kearney, was elected delegate to attend tlie "Congress of the Peoples for Peace" in Vienna on December 12th. The enthusi-astic meeting contributed £15 to his ex-penses.

Speakng at the meeting. Dr. George Jeffares, secretary of the Committee, gave an aooount of his recent visit to China. On « B ; : 4 0 o g | » baMK - JpNMHt.. jMiiibiMPI. to mtmMrtfc . i n l f l i M ' M o M j p e t h E W i l l i I f r l j i i l n i l

ecause of the neamees of to them, The tremendous

made since the setting up of the peoples' Government, said Or. Jeltares, was dearly evident in the growing pros-

Chairman. Paul OWiggins. welcomed the many distinguished visitors at the « M n U w f r mm* t e h e preserved .it was eeeentlltf for the pooptet to meet, and •xchattge thMr views. H i e destruction of the harriers of pnJuOoe and ignorance would do much to clear the way for united eiortft in defence of peace. That was why he supported the sending; of a M e g a t e to Vienna,

Belfast protests at Germ War

ELFAST TRADES COUNCIL, at its November meeting, condemned germ

warfare being \yaged by the U.S. forces in Korea and the Chinese People's Republic.

The resolution to this effect was intro-duced by Cregagh Branch of toe Amalga-mated Engineering Union and was carried by a good-majority a f te r a live discussion but it was opposed by delegates whp belong, to tiie Irish Labour Party. In so doing the Party showed itself to be out of Sympathy with the feelings of a growing ejection of the trade union and labour movement.

In tile resolution, tire Council was urged to protest to the American Embassy in London and to tire British "national" newspapers and the P r * ^ in general on their indifferent attitude to the JPrpsp Con-ference held toy Dr. Joseph Needham when he returned from China whfctw ^ i n v e s t i -gated allegations of germ warfare.

Mr. D. Graham, moving the resolution on behalf of the C l e n c h VS-U. branch, pointed out that Dr. JNeedham was a noted lecturer in biochemistry a t Cambridge and liad represented the British Government on the International Committee which in-vestigated the germ waxfare waged by Japan during World War II.

F R E D J L O N C O E N A CORRECTION

Owing to a typographical error, the con-stituency which Fred Longden, whose pre-mature death was reported to, our columns last month, represented in Birmingham was given as Den ham. The correct name of the constituency is, of course, psritend. which was later incorporated in the pm-sent Small Heath. .o»faed,<«0 Mr. Victor Yates. M P. tLadywowfe for point, ing this, out.

. . . . iiii ii m i

THE IRISH DEMOCRAT December, 1952

UNEMPLOYMENT IS HERE BIRMINGHAM IRISH TO

HOLD CONFERENCE By Jim Cosgrove

" y NEMPLOYMENT is here," and I hope this will be talked about at the conference," was what I was told by young Dubliner George Kennedy,

who was that very time looking for a job with a decent wage.

com f rom Iceland, landlord system: tl and. introduced the

labour f<

h a S p n > & * « r i t * * » f e

The ground wnere u has cktied.up over th roots. The'lfory crisis a similar crisis JjfcJW tunate Ir ish be'

'"^mitewm, There is only one i West London Protest

Sfth, on ths Clsncy, a ret

W ^ I K f i

our descending to the fair, an+eef t Nfy oft of ita demand for ;the

December, 1952 THE IRISH DEMOCRAT

IRISH DEMOCRAT 53 Rosoman Street, London, E.C.1

Subscription Rates: All communications to The Editor,

DESMOND GREAVES 12 months 5 / 6 6 months 2 / 9

SIX-COUNTIES LOSE MANY BY EMIGRATION

WHERE THE IRISH

ARE LIVING

WHO SAID ? /̂ kM whose authority did Mr. Shields, of ^ ' the Coventry Anti-partition League st at* in Manchester that if partition were ended, Ireland would "take her part in western Defence"?

Any Irish statesman who made such an announcement would be committing the Irish people to a certain course of action before they were free to decide for them-selves, reducing the struggle for independ-ence to the status of a vulgar bargain, and inviting imperialism to name its own price.

Ireland is a nation, not just one politr-cai party, and irishmen may differ in their views upon whether Ireland should be in the Atlantic Pact or out of it. Only when the country is independent can her people debate-in an undisturbed atmosphere, and decide freely by majority vote, whether they want to enter blocs or alliances or keep themselves dear of them. To com-mit them now is to hinder their freedom of choice later on, and thus to relinquish the claim-for independence.

There are an increasing number who would be strongly opposed to entering the "Western" bloc on any terms whatever, on the- grounds that the surrender of sovereignty involved would be out of all proportion to the alleged danger to be guarded against.

Government opinion may favour or dis-favour Mr. Poland's statement at «tra»-bourg, or Senator tynch's at the Commtnr weaith- mertlng, but actions speak their own tangNfes. If Mr. Do Vetera, or in-deed the previous Government, realty be-lieved* that the -eastern" powers were planning an invasion of Wlstern Europe, indMHhg tretand, he would have no choree but t o enter Atlantic Defence" im-mediately, as a matter of self-preserva-tion. .

But Mr. Traynor, when, asked by Mr.

are nfcprwent in Ireland, than the Rus-sia* ones which might be there if Mr-Bil-lon was correct. If a weak partttioned Ire-land fears nothing from Russia, what would a strong united one need to fear?

On the reverse side of the picture, the sight of the swilfteas and burdens im-posacMn MttSn Mr the sake of "Western

would strongly discourage any d nation from hav-

ing aaytMftg to do with i t Britain has suffered more at the hands of her ."friend" America, than she suflored from her en-

She has been reduced to ' and is well on the way

>a tenth-rate one if she does ways quickly.

That a partitioned Ireland should en-eavoer to

I would, therefore, urge all -Irish build-ing trade workers wbo oome to CHs coun-try to join their appropriate ttfelen, thus strengthening the organisation in tlwir own country, and also helping to build it up here. This is the right way to give prac-tical expression to the important slogan, "Unity is Strength."

The Irish worker who comes to England should realise that by standing aloof , and keeping outside the organised Trade

tUNwi But Him are troubled waters to fish in,

and if It is proposed to appear to im-perialism to change Its spots, or to one imperialism against anotner, mere win oe ceHaC^-AWMMittinmt. t h e ; l # i t h a t i Ainlerfrt^|MUM mere rei«l|r tNiild up - - -Irish Industry and foster her independent development is Illusory and rests on a mie-underotanding of the nature of ism.' J

hor own strength Sinn Fein,

"PROSPERITY" MYTH DEBUNKED •

What the Latest Figures Show

I OOK at the map in the middle of this " J page. On it are marked the numbers

of Irishmen in each region into which the census divides England, Wales and Scot-land. In each space there are two sets of figures, and these must be added to give tfae total number of Irish in an area—the upper figures give the number born in the Twenty-six Counties, the lower ones those born in the Six Counties.

The population of the Six Counties is about 1,300,000. That of the Twenty-six Counties is about 3,000,000. So if emigra-tion were equal in the two parts of the country, in the sense t ha t the same pro-portion had to leave home, then the upper figures would usually be about two-and-a-half times the lower. In Scotland and the North this proportion is not reached; in the remainder of the country it is ceeded.

What emerges from the picture is that with 527,100 persons born in the Twertfey-six Counties and 188,100 in the Six Coun-ties, Britain to-day is a palpable proof that there is no more prosperity in the north than in the south of Ireland.

other words, despite many of them supporting it, partition has taken

away the livings of the northerners as well as the southerners, and thoagh many of those compelfed' to emigrate acg-jt ists, yet there is rnahy a n Britain who will Huig t&e.gttOa A fat lot of good his him, when h e f b i d t o le&e tfie p t e o r j he banged it, along with those be baafeed it against? , ^ m m m m t '

The number Of Irish in as many again than it was ago. The increase is so l / is no exaggeration to say in Britain to-day perform fanned by. t l A i f —about £ 8 million goes home as against a very much smaller i America.

B y C . L tLomkm Regional Secretary, NatfcMa* Fed«KktiM of

I HAOfi r^uati returned M m a holiday i n A Ireland where I was much impressed by the splemfKr organisation la-the craft unions, and the grand record which the Trade Unionists in the towns have in this

Union Move in the chain, and is hindering his own con-ditions of service and rates ot pay. If an Irish worker undercuts an ttdglish worker, he should realise that he is lowering his own standards an round. 1 #9uld, there-fore, strongly impress upon d r Irish wor-kers in this country to unite with our own Building Trade Workers, so that we shall go forward together as an for the mutual benefit of all <

There is no ; of action more then the building Industry, t h e present slaniiMi.&ftfe Mia achieved by the staunch loyalty and de-voted service of the pioneers, and we must be worthy of those achievements.

THE IRISH DEMOCRAT December, 1952

PART T W O Title of Davitt's newspaper.

MICHAEL DAVITT

T H O M A S P. CAHILL, of Somerville, J- Mass., U.S.A., in sending the poem

printed below, wrote: "I was present with my mother at the

hanging. Many Irish families were pre-sent on their knees in prayer at the execu-tion, but I have only a vague memory of a mass of people gathered round without, at that time, understanding it. My father, born in Manchester, one of the rescuers of Colonel Kelley and Captain Deasy, with four of his comrades, escaped on the same steamship and landed in New York, 28th October. 1867. He settled in Massachusetts, residing there until his death in 1902."

O, FRIENDS! your blood would burn and boil

If you heard that mournful wail That rose that bleak November day

Around the Salford gaol. And spread the whole world over,

O'er every ccean wave, When AUen, Larkin and O'Brien

Went to a martyr's grave.

' J fFHOSE heroes .proved their courage, J - And cried, with dying breath, "God Save Ireland," said the three,

"We love thee unto death!" The tyrant had them in his grasp

But with courage him deflect With "God Save Ireland," on their lips,

Those hero-martyrs died.

THEIR names adorn our history and their courage so sublime,

Inspires us on to v ic to ry-Allen, Larkin and O'Brien;

With the gallows cord around them. Proud England they defied,

With "God Save Ireland," on their lips, Those gallant heroes died.

The Land League \ LTOGETHER Davit: served about

eleven years of his prison sentence, being released and imprisoned twice on ticket of leave. During his sojourn in various British prisons, although a politi-cal prisoner, Davitt was put (despite being one-armed i to almost inhuman jobs. Though they tried to break his spirit, Davitt achieved two things of national importance whilst undergoing sentence. Firstly, he wrote his famous book "Leaves from a Prison Diary" in which was com-menced an agitation for the reform of the British prison system, and secondly, it was while lying in gaol that he evolved his theory of a Great Land League Movement, which later was to reverberate throughout the world.

Davitt saw the folly of secret activities to solve a national problem. In its place he tried to organise a mass united move-ment, his idea being to unite the greatest possible number of Irishmen for the nationalisation of the land.

Davitt was now assailed by the anarchist section of his former Fenian comrades as a "milk and water" fighter, and on the other hand was assailed by the middle-class leaders of Parliamentary politicians, whilst from various sides his land nation-alisation schemes were called communis-tic. Parnell, who came into the movement later, was a middle-class leader who agi-tated, not like Davitt for nationalisation, but private ownership of the land of Ire-land. ^ O Davitt fought on two fronts, namely

anarchism of the Fenian I.R.B. type and opportunism of the Parliamentary Home Rulers. Davitt hated opportunism. Irish politics, with its leadership of middle class intellectuals, lawyers, squires, etc., exhibited much of this. Davitt was born a peasant, with a Lancashire working-class upbringing. This social origin made Davitt something totally different from the other orthodox leaders, with whom he had to associate tn ' lw&nd'S fight for freedom, Davitt was disliked to a degree by otherr Iri^i. leaders because o i h i s contact with the British' Labour movement—this before the birth of the Labour Party.

When Davitt and his friends were re-leased from prison foilowing a great Par-liamentary agitation, Davitt received large, enthusiastic welcome in the Rossen-dale Valley. Proceeding to Ireland, they arrived in Dublin, the people giving them a tumultuous welcome. Bonfires were lit on the Dublin Hills, and coloured rockets were sent up from the Prier Heads as the ship came into port at North Wall. Hun-dreds of thousands of people massed to welcome the returned heroes, but gloom soon spread over the rejoicing city. Colour-sergeant McCarthy, who had served twelve years in a British Prison, collapsed and died in the presence of his friends, Davitt, Parnell and John Dillon. McCarthy fell a victim to the horrors of British prison life, which Davitt later was to fight so well.

The funeral of McCarthy was a most impressive sight. It took place on Sunday. January 20th 1878. and the coffin was followed by sixty thousand people, with forty bands, whilst nearly a quarter of a million people lined the streets to pay homage. He was buried in Glasnevin Cemetery.

A few days later Davitt returned to his native County Mayo. Bonfires blazed on every hill, bands turned out, and torch-light processions led him back to the grass-grown spot where once his home, from which he and his family were evicted, and to which only Davitt himself ever returned. Little was it thought then that shortly afterwards from those same Mayo Hills Davitt was to kindle a blaze in the breasts of his countrymen which was des-tined to 'destroy for ever the landlord power tha t had torn him and thousands more from peaceful homes in the land of their birth.

T^AVITT threw himself at once into the land struggle in the west of Ireland,

but found his new-thought plans de-nounced by the Press and Nationalist leaders. Times were very bad in Mayo, and Davitt organised a meeting at Irish-town. Over ten thousand attended, 1,500

tog j^ounted. JRei^s in the area were lately reduced by 25 per cent. Many

'such meetings followed with similar re-sults but greater audiences. The move-

T

UAM MELLOWES AS I REMEMBER HIM by

WILLIAM GALLACHER ^pHIRTY years ago, when the Irish treaty was

signed, I was over in Dublin, and partici-pated in a meeting to consider what action should be taken by the I.R.A., in view of the

defection of Collins and Griffith, who, as they afterwards claimed, had agreed to partition under threat of a full-scale war, made by Lloyd George and Churchill.

W. Gallacher •ii

• Cathal Brugha, the iron-sider of the Irish Republicans was present, as was Tom Johnson, the only one of those pre-sent beside myself who is still alive.

Should Collins and GrUpth be arrested on their arrival in Dublin? Cathal Brugha was against. He said that would immedi-ately start civil war and he wouldn't be the man responsible for Irishmen shed-ding Irishmen's blood.

I PROPOSED a manifesto addressed to the' workers and peasatttSof Ireland

- Ma fact I badvB WiMjlhulft prepared) con-taining a programme of far-reaching Jand and social reforms. This, I rniggsetsrl, would win the Irish people to the support of those who were prepared to oppose the treaty.

Cathal Brugha was determined to op-. pose. Be was heart and soul, if ever a man

was for "Ireland, one and indivisible," but he wouldn't consider a manifesto. He said 1 was trying to get them to accept Com-munism and that he would never agree t f t i f ^ r ^ S y , : , . ' " • •

When the civil war did ftart, the wrong Irishmen wore shot, among them Cathal

When he walked out of his head-

quarters into a rain of bullets Ireland lost one of her greatest patriot sons.

T>UT amongst the young commanders there stood out, energetic and daring

in the field. Liam Mellowes. • When he, Rory O'Connor, Childers and others were shot in Jail by the Cosgrave gang, Ire-land lost the man who above all others at tha t time could have given a sound political leadership to the somewhat de-moralised forces of the I.R.A. For Liam Mellowes knew that the anti-partition (or anti-treaty) forces had got to depend on the I^ish masses for ultimate victory. He knew, as others knew tha t the bourgeoisie and conside?£ble sections of small busi-nessmen were already before the treaty was signed prepared to make a sell-out. He had read and understood Connolly and the great contribution this Irish Socialist h a d ' m a d e to the cause of the Irish Re-public and the Irish working class. He knew Marx and his great disciple Lenin and was equipped and prepared to face the future in such goodly company.

had tremendous influence with the members of the I.R.A., such as

• ODonnell, the Giimores, Frank Ryan, and many others. •

T I ^ H I L E in jail he was able to get out his testimony. It was a powerful

political statement or manifesto and it was eagerly read by those who were still at that time carrying on the bitter struggle for full Irish freedom—a struggle | that still goes on and that will continue till partition is ended and Ireland be-comes a nation once again.

When tha t day comes, as come it will, and sooner than some people expect with the names of the martyred James Con-nolly, Padraig Pearse, and Cathal Brugha, will stand out, shining in the great glory of heroic attempted achievement, the name of Liam Mellowes, a true Irish fighter and an associate in the best sense of Connolly—one of the first members without having that nam», of what has now become a widespread organisation, the Connolly Association.

ment spread like wild-fire and Davitt founded the Land League. At these meet-ings Davitt's slogan was ever "The Land for the People." The movement spread to England, America, Australia and New Zealand. Davitt stated that if there wera

Irishmen at the North Pole there would be a branch of the Land League.

The Haslingden Branch was set up in the year 1879. Its home was at Rake Foot, and it carried on its agitation up to the passing of the Coercion Bill, when Land Leagueism was declared illegal in 1881. The members were armed and although the Land League ceased to exist as a legal organisation, the members retained their weapons and later set up a branch of the Irish National League on Marsden Square. At a later period the name of the move-ment changed to the United Irish League, subsequently to move into the present spacious building in George Street, which is named the Davitt Branch, and is now known as the Irish Democratic League.

During his active life Davitt was a fre-quent visitor to Haslingden, and in all lived eighteen years in the town. He at one time occupied a house in Wilkinson Street (now demolished)- opposite Bren-nant's Pot Shop.

DavitVs Cultural Talents

A S a literary man, Davitt stood high. He ^ was a man of educated thought and wide learning. He had a good knowledge of the French, Italian and Irish lan-guages, and his writings include "Leaves from a Prison Diary," "Defence of the Land League," "Life and Progress in Aus-tralia," "The Boer Fight for Freedom,'' "The Crime of Kishineff," and the "Fall of Feudalism in Ireland." Davitt visited Russia several times. He investigated the "Kishineff Crimes" for a Yankee newsr paper. He also visited South Africa, Italy, Palestine, Belgium, Holland, Denmark, France, Australia, and several times toured the U.S.A. Wherever there was oppression, there was Davitt to be found as the champion of the under-dog.

He was twice a Member of the British House of Parliament. He first entered it in 1832 and left it in disgust in 1899. Rightly or wrongly, Davitt thought that he could do more good out among the ordinary people of England and Ireland, than he could for the cause of Ireland in the House of Commons. In a speech in the House of Commons on October 25th, 1899, he said:

"I have tried for four years to appeal to the sense of justice in this House of Commons on behalf of Ireland. I leave, convinced that no just cause will ever find support from this House of Com-mons, unless it is backed up by force." During the South African War, whilst

defending the Boer fight for freedom, he wrote the following letter from Pretoria:

"I was against this war from the be-ginning. I am a hundred times more against it now after mixing with the simple, honest, heroic people, who are making the noblest stand ever made in human history for their independence."

Speaking at Manchester on May 21st, 1888, on the Irish land question, he stated:

"As long as I have tongue to speak, head to plan, or hand to dare for Ire-land, Irish landlords and English mis-government in Ireland shall find in me a sleepless and incessant opponent."

(To be continued)

Builders' Profits go up and up

TTTHILE building trade workers are still looking for their wage Increase of

6d. an hour to meet the Increased cost of living, it is salutory to examine the profits of some of the employers.

Notable among them are Messrs. Wim-peys.

In 1946 Wimpey profits were £269,100; in 1947, £415,747; in 1948, £927,700; in 1949, £1,494,000; in 1950, £1,481,100; in 1951, £1.541,128.

Now if they can get that much more for what they sell than what they pay for it, where does the difference come from?

Answer: From the wages you are not paidl

mm omiMtMMimm*iiUmiGummimmmik

M I C H A E L I D A W I I I I T

LANCASHIRE'S GREAT SOCIALIST AND FENIAN

by James Garnett

December, 1952 THE IRISH DEMOCRAT S

into leaving it—but didn't succeed. " t o o * *<> *

that the Co-operative be taxed twice over. 1 into the past therawai truction of "Ralahlne" the members under Bi

THm Pii Miifitlwi Mtt 1 M OU ^IMRIIII W

O'DONNELL A B U ! —Continued from Page One

Connolly Association, whose chairman, Mr. Stephen Lally, was approached to lay t he L i v e r p o o l Area Anti-Partition League wreath in place of Mr. MacHugh, who was prevented from being present owing to illness.

Forming up at Bexley Square, Salford, behind the Terence MacSwiney pipe band tounded by Mrs. Dermodv, and another fine band from Radford, the procession marched to the place of execution of Allan Larkin and O'Brien, in New Bailey Street, where there was a one-minute silence.

The procession then continued through the centre of Manchester to St. Patrick's in Livesey Street, Rochdale-Road, where they heard mass.

IN the course of his sermon the Rev. Fr.

D. O'Leary read the last letter of Larkin before his execution and, speaking of patriotism, and comparing it with the sen-timents of the family, remarked that just as family affection did not exclude the proper respect for those belonging to other families, so the sentiment of patriotism must not be allowed to hinder the proper appreciation of the rights of other nations.

In the afternoon the procession formed up again at Ben Brierly and walked to Moston cemetery, where wreaths were laid by the Manchester Martyrs' Committee, the Irish National Clubs of Earlstown and Bolton, the Irish Democratic Club of Ash-ton-in-Makerfield, the Central Executive Committee and Liverpool Area Committees of the Anti-Partition League, the Connolly Association, and Mrs. O'Hanrahan of the Robin Hood Hotel.

The panegyric was delivered by Mr. Shields of the Coventry Anti-Partition League, after a little girl, Miss Ellen Cal-pin, had laid a bunch of flowers on the cenotaph.

JIM KEELEY

—indeed boat loads from Ireland as wel l -used to pour into Manchester.

Though not one word of criticism should be uttered against the able committee which has kept the commemoration in being in difficult times, there is a growing feeling that in order to re-establish the national character of the event, they should be assisted by a wider committee which could undertake publicity on a big-ger scale, while In no way detracting from the functions of the present members.

No Irish national event is the preserve of any one element or organisation. Dif-ferences of opinion and approach will al-ways be present, and within the limits of courtesy they can be aired on suitable occasions. The strengthening of the Martyrs' Committee by the addition of members elected from various Irish or-ganisations such as the Anti-Partition League, Connolly Association, various branches of the Gaelic League, the I.R.A. Veterans, etc., and an agreed procedure at the commemoration which Would pre-vent any differences between them marring the spirit of the proceedings, would contri-bute to the re-establishment of the Martyrs' Sunday as a great Irish National demonstration.

pROUDLY the note of the trumpet is sounding,

Loudly the war-cries arise on the gale:

Fleetly the steed by Loch Su ling* is bounding,

To join the thick squadrons in Saimear'sf green vale.

On, every mountaineer, Strangers to flight and fear,

Rush to the standard of dauntless Red Hugh!

Bonnought and gallowglass Throng from each mountain

pass! On for old Erin!—O'Donnell abu!

Princely O'Neill to our aid is ad-vancing,

With many a chieftain and warrior clan:

A thousand proud steeds in his vanguard are prancing

'Neath the borderers brave from the banks of the Bann—

Many a heart shall quail Under its coat of mail,

Deeply the merciless foeman shall rue,

When on his ear shall ring, Borne on the breeze's wing, Tir-Conaill's dread war-cry —

O'Donnell abu! * Lough Swilly.

Wildly o'er Desmond the war-wolf is howling,

Fearless the ea^le sweeps over the plain;

The fox in the streets of the city is prowling,

All, all who would scare* them are banished or slain.

Grasp, every stalwart hand, Hackbut and battle-brand,

Pay them all back the deep debt so long due;

Norris and Clifford well Can Tir-Conaill t e l l -

Onward to glory—O'Donnell abu!

Sacred the cause that Clan-Conaill's defending,

The altars we kneel at, the homes of our sires;

Ruthless the ruin the foe is extending,

Midnight is red with the plunderers' fires!

On with O'Donnell then, Fight the old fight again,

Sons of Tir-Conaill, all valiant and true!

Make the false Saxon feel Erin's avenging steel!

Strike for your country—O'Donnell abu!

t Ballyshannon.

"RECEPTION FOR MR. BOLAND A RECEPTION was given Mr. F. H.

Boland on • Wednesday, November 19th, at which most prominent members of the older generation of Manchester-Irish were present. The press was not invited.

The Connolly Association was repre-sented by its Chairman, Mr. Stephen Lally, who was present together with Mrs. Lally, and there were also present Messrs. Tadgh Feehan, Mr. H. MacHugh (Liverpool

A.P.L.), Seumas Mulligan, Luke McCrane, the Rev. Father Bolger, C.C., Alfred Have-kin, George Spain, Michael Byrne, of Sal-ford, Mr. and Mrs. McNulty, Barbara Hig-gins (formerly Barbara Clancy, only liv-ing member of the 1916 Cumann na mBan in Manchester) and Mrs. Dermody, founder of the MacSwiney pipe band, Mr. and Mrs. George Kelly.

The total attendance was about 500.

IRISH WEEK

MR. SHIELDS described the evils of par-tition, and the harm it was doing to

both Britain and Ireland. To the surprise of many, of his hearers he continued: "When partition is ended Ireland will ac-cept her responsibilities in the defence of the Western nations, but until tha t is done she cannot do so."

"Let those two great statesmen," con-tinued Mr. Shields, "in the evening of their days, Mr. Churchill ^and Mr. De Valera, meet round a table and seek a solution. Mr. De Valera Is ever ready for the opportunity. Is Mr. Churchill?"

After the oration Mr. George Spain, of the I.R.A. veterans, gave some personal reminiscences. He was assisted at the platform by another Connolly Association member, Mr. Eddy Lenehan, who rejoined during the campaign. Others present in-cluded Mr. Patrick Kilroy, secretary of the Connolly Association branch; Mr. Danny Kilcommins; Miss Maire Redmond; Mrs. Dermody; Mrs. O'Higgins (n6e Barbara Clancy); Mr. Byrne; Jim Kelly, of the Tip-perary flying column; George and Mrs. Kelly; Mr. T. O'Higgins; Mr. A. Havekin, of the Anti-Partition League; Mr. Patrick Ferguson, of1 Bolton Irish Labour Club; Mrs. Fleming, secretary of .the Martyrs' Committee; and Mrs. K. Kennedy, whose husband, Mr. Kennedy, was prevented from attending through ill-health. Mr. MacHugh, from Liverpool, was likewise unable to attend, but Mr. MacCrean, of the Manchester Area A.P.L., was present.

•

OLDEST member of the procession was Connolly Association member Jim

Keeley, who showed the younger people present his 1889 Irish National League card. He has just received his 52nd annual trade union card of the Transport Union, previous to joining which he was a trade unionist in various trades for a number of years. At 80 years of age he marched in both processions, the morning march in-volving a step of over two miles.

Secret of his youth? The fact that throughout ail these years he has been an active member of the Labour movement, and has had the experiences which keep men young.

Among those present were numerous members of the two Gaelic League branches, Red Hand and Craobh Oisin, both of which supported the ceremony.

While this year's commemoration showed the reality of the development feel-ing for unity among Irish exiles, writes our Manchester correspondent, it could not escape notice that since the war attendances have tended to fall off. Pre-viously the Martyrs Commemoration was a national event; bus loads and train loads

W H A T is the Fianna Fail Govern-ment's policy in the held of, In-

ternational relations ? White i t 4s not ia the ttortti Atlafltic TreatyOrgani-sation and has not signed the mutual security pact, two recent statements by Fianna Fail spokesmen give grounds for believing the Govern-ment may be considering a change of policy on these questions.

At the Commonwealth Parliamentary Union conference at Ottawa (it seems tha t the Republic is still regarded by Fianna Fail as part of the Commonwealth or British Empire) the Parliamentary Secretary (Jack Lynch) and Robert Bris-coe, T.D. made statements similar in al-most every detail to Mr. McBride's notori-ous proposals for a deal on partition in return for which the republic would parti-cipate in the aggressive North Atlantic Treaty.

Mr. Lynch indicated the Government was anxious to get a face-saving deal on partition so that the whole country could be hitched to the Anglo-U.S. European "defence" programme.

SHORTLY afterwards the Minister for Justice, Mr. Gerald Boland, at the

Council of Europe Consultative Assembly at Strasbourg on September 17th said that if the causes of Ireland's discontent were removed "we would be In a position to play our full part In the defence of Europe."

On the other hand, many of the inter-ests supporting Fianna Fall are suspicious of U.S. motives in relation to Ireland and are fearful of being involved in U.S. war-plans. Speaking at an election meeting in North-west Dublin, Mr. McEntee, referring to General Elsenhower's speech threaten-ing Eastern Europe with "liberation" by force, said:

"We do not know what the result of this polloy may be If pressed. It may lead to the riost terrible war that has ever devastated humanity." Mr. McEntee was attacked In the Dail

for having made this statement, and ac-cused by Mr. Donnellan of Clann ha Talm-hain of having held up the president-elect of the United States as a war-monger. Mr. Lemass, replying on behalf of Mr. McEn-tee said that the statement was a personal one. The question whether it represented the views of the Government did pot arise.

D D

PAUL O'HIGGINS

With regard to diplomatic relations with Czechoslovakia and Poland, imports from which play an important part in our eco-nomy, circles close to the Government say that there is no definite official policy against establishing such relations with these countries. If there was a public de-mand the Government might agree to take the necessary steps.

THE Dublin Labour Movement has been stirred by the recent attack on the

Ballyfermot Co-operative Society. This organisation has been in operation

for a number of years and in the hopes of extending the scope of co-operation in Dublin it held a public meeting a few months ago.

It was clear from the outset at this meeting that an organised element was opposed to cooperation and had been sent to the meeting for the deliberate purpose of causing trouble. As is known Co-opera-tion has never been well-developed in Dub-lin, the private traders having up to now by one means or another managed to keep the co-ops in a subordinate position. While they were content' to remain that way nothing was done, but when the recent success emboldened them to try to expand the trouble started.

The time-honoured method for duping people into aotlng against their Interests was trotted out. A soars was got going that the Co-operative fchwagement Com-mittee oontalntd "GOmmunMs," and this was r « d t o mean that members of the

irMi -mmimm^ i m m n w M « • Dublin city OMMHHItt who wae In the co-op. tar years but Had reoentiy Joined the Workers' League, were m It or on the committee.

Just where the dagger arose in selling soap, tea those who can afford it came in was not -stated; The p i t e c i i ^ o M J l ^ poly of r e t a i l t r a d o w a s ^ uranism had to be -invoked. The fact that millions of people every day boy at Co-operative shops without asking the poli-tics of the man behind the. counter, '

• of . nd ..tnt^nwt,- t t h ' ^ f f t ^ \ • \ So the members of Workers'

League all resigni^"from > ^ Since there was now „ ,tr.JXBM—mKt that there were any the Society it was expected might cease.

But no. There, is a which is not an official lie Church, but likes to add a bogus eccli political pronouni Wholesalers cut off (This little action the situation—private the slump was trying to dust a competitor which stood in the way of a general rais-ing of prices to

Halls which were? tlve society meetings (without the alleged Communists) were cancelled at the last minute—all to fight Communisml Mem-bers of the Coop, were visited by repre-sentatives of a self-styled vigilante orga-nisation which tried to intimidate them

their A m p * The — — ~ must d t s b i i i and tease Its activities.

Similar plots by private traders (always masked in one or another way) are known in other countries. In 1934 at the time of the now notorious forged Zlnovieff letter the yellow press rap a acurrilloua cam-paign against the Cooperative Movement in Britain. It even went the length of say-ing that Co-operative members' children were being sent over to Afoscow for edu-catioo. Then they tried to get the Gov-

MANCHESTER

THE IRISH DEMOCRAT December, 1952

)

m

m l-v:

© N C E I T W A S I K E L A N ID N C W I T ;

KENYA By

DESMOND BUCKLE* "WTHEN a man tafces your ox and feasts

on ft before your very eyes, you have a right to feel aggrieved. But in time you learn to forgive and forget. However, when he steals your land you cannot for-get, for you are reminded of your loss at every waking hour."

These words were spoken by an aged African chief in Kenya to a visiting Eng-lish politician. And as he spoke, he looked across the road from his fa rm towards land, 3,000 acres in extent, which was once his property but which is now occupied by a European settler. The dispossessed chief was offered merely the value of t h e trees as compensation and, refusing this paltry amount, he was lef t with nothing.

Despite his heavy loss, this chief is fa r more for tunate t h a n the vast majority of his fellow Kenya Africans, who a r e com-pletely landless. His words, however, ade-quately express their feelings on the all-important question of their land.

Kenya, a territory which is slightly larger in a rea than France and Belgium together, has for more than half a cen-tury been the scene of the most shamefu l acts ef- la^d-grabijing carried out by the British imperialists in Africa.

During the last two decades of the last century, the imperial British East Africa Company, whose private army was com-manded by Capta in (later Lord) Lugard, one of the moet acquisitive ef Britain 's empire builders, strove to carve out in the eastern p a r t of the continent an empire similar to the one then feeing created in the southern and central pfcfts ef the Bri-tish /SOuth Africa Company Of Cecil Rh«a«sJ'V .

ireat riyal in the notori-r imperial' Oermaifi*, • Dr.

K M Pete**, w h o sawed as ftmeh territory «3 &r c#»ld Oft behalf of the d e m o s East

' Africa Company.

THEY ARE ROUNDED UP BECAUSE THEY OBJECT TO THIS

way. Thus began the process of squeezing Kavirondo and other tribes of Kenya, a process which is still going on to-day.

Before the coming of the Europeans, the Africans, who were engaged in agricultural and pastoral pursuits, had no notion of private ownership of land. All land on which the particular tribe lived belonged to the tribe as a whole and the individual was given land only for the purpose of maintaining himself and his family.

The British Government, in assuming protectorate r ights over Kenya, declared tha t the communal ownership of land had passed from the indigenous inhabitants to the Protectorate government and tha t the latter now had t h e r ight to share Out the land as it thought best. The principle it adopted was simply t h a t the best land should go to the whit£ settlers, .while the Africans were to be restricted t o inferior land. Br. Norman Leys, a European ex-pert on Kenya, V h o limfvefc.

share-out he himself acquired over 100,000 acres of the best land. Others who thus benefited individually included Lord Fran-cis Scott, who th rough the marriage of his niece to the Duke of Gloucester became connected with the British Royal Family. Huge t racts were alienated in favour of plantation companies. The East African Syndicate was given 320,000 acres, the Up-lands of East Africa Syndicate 350,000 acres and the Grogan Forest Concession 200,000 acres.

In order to "legalise" the position the Government passed the Crown Lands Ordinance by which all lands, which have not been specifically declared to "be native by the Native Lands Trust Ordinance, be-came vested in the British Crown as "Crown Lands."

The Crown Lands Ordinance, moreover, gave the Government the right to grant On 99-year leases to Europeai* settlers

& s e a t s t s s m f f A st^s z & ^ g g t e & in Kprvn tha t ic w^rth i w p r i „ a a n a e penny-per acre.

The prime purpose of the Crown Lands

;§»E£KG seeui

first en the seene, Lugard secured for British imperialism the

d f t & m a S S ^ S t ^ S L ^ oi tne UKnart OC*»n tigra into tne Heart (ft A&k», ferth*tt&tem boufldary of the Belgian Congo. Pttets had to fjt Mbtent wjth Tanganyika, which Britain secured Mt«r the tot - w a t f A i m as. a "mandate." ft is hdw «SrJetf a "trtist t e r r i « r f ' t a d e r

Of the United Nations

in Kenya tha t is worth cultivating" lies within the a rea t h a t has been already transferred to "

la tere just 13 theif num-

29,660, of g families.

TPHERE are 385,000 in employment M out of a total African population

of Ave millions. Of workers em-ployed in commerce and industry, over 93 per cent, get less than f t per week; the average is nearer * * 8a per month. AgrtouKurai workers are in even a w o n * situa-tion. More than three-quarters of them get less than 21/- per month. Over <0,000 children are employed who get on an average lea* than half the wage of an adult male. There are no laws agamit eiftploy ing children, but those under ie years who are employed a i » sup-posed to be accompanied by an adul t

The rise, even in the ofhotai oost of living index, exceeds by l& p o M s the rise in wages; and aa inflation • gathers speed, the pttgM «t tlte African workers become dafty meee desperate. -

P R O M 1901, when r whi

a,, mostly Arabs.

Imperi Hs fMoneerirtg work, the

P British East Africa OOmpanfty sar-•tta Chartes and in 1895 Kenya

ition of the It.

Westernmost of the East _ _ Uganda, with the

' coast, f 'i vdy was constructed - from'

iweM mm* mmw*. in tfeanda aWpwui' w e etweuraged to settte on \ i m bath sides ef the nwl-out ot Kikuyu, Mkamba,

white, settlers in l>er has grown until whom only some 3,<K», are actually engaged in

It is therefore this 50 per cent, of the eul' 5,500,000 Albicans retain sion of th* remainder. \

There are also 90,538 engaged in trade, and

The sort Of people wt*$«»jstitute the white population of Kenya amply justify the comment' of Negtey Fatten, the trav-eller, when in his book "Behind God's Back" he says of the colony feat, "It has the greatest proportion among its inhabi-tants ef ex-soldlers, generals, colonels, majors, of any country tttbe^fortd"

The lewfcr 61 the ffffit settlers, Lord tfcietoere, appointed 6lmirrtwn of the * e n y a lands BottttmNBb' tife* government estsfoliSwd to tevtew thee f l ec t of the sud-den and extensive expropriation of their lamte upon the Africans, in the original

Ordinance was to exclude the nor-European for all time from the Highlands, the jtfateallx tying in the shadow of Mount Kenya, where is found some of the fertile land and the healthiest climate in an Africa.

in view of the inevitable effeot upon the natives, a serious calamity, from which the whole colony would not fail tor suffer."

KTiftlS did not mean, h o * e w . that any *- Part o | the vast area already taken

gaged on railway construction the right to acquire a group of ex-army officers, in-cluding generals, colonels, majors and captains formed a Vigilance Committee and began to agitate furiously for the ex-pulsion of an Indians from Kenya.

The issue almost led to an insurrection and the threat of a rebellion by white-men rn a edttMiy Whose- population whs owr-

wfcelinmgjy composed of black men brought about the promulgation of the Kenya OWtar, toy which the Highlands are exeuisively reserved for the enjoyment of European settlers. It is illegal fOr any othVr racial groOp to own or to attempt to acquire land there.

Three months after the Order came into fore* in the WHUMa tribe- the last Africans reW*M8Bg tn- the* Highlands, were forcibly evicted torn their lands in the Taita Bills. Two years before t h » event a similar fate had befallen one of the largest and most influential of the Kenya tribes, t ly, Kikuyu. And the Wakamba,

iking of toy the

the

the alienated lands will be you."

He might welt have added that there was n o reason for the Africans t o believe that the "solemn pledge' would be honoured.

Within a few years of the mak pledge, it was put t o the test covery of g|kd on land set aside at Kakamefsa for the exclusive use of the Kavirondo tribe. The land was hogely a material swamp and the tribe had been moved there following eviction from land required for white settlement.

T h e Kenya Government now declared its concern from the Kavirondo tribe and proposed its removal to moie healthy sur-roundings.

The tribdl leaders, however, pointing out that they had been already evicted from one such healthy district t o w M e h there was no prospect of a return, elected to stay at Kakantega and to drain the swamp, making the land habitable.

Who had been living » * reserve a few: K o n v a .

miler t» the east of the capital, were «0ser tttfMtf out of their aneestrei - a p p r € c l R t ^ s u c h a n r u m # n t s ^ home. Large numbers of their cattte were rounded up, ttauva, and sold at very low prices to a representative of the Amwtaan meat-packing firm of Liebig. who happened very conveniently to be In Kenya at the time.

W r the past th i r ty years the cry of the Kenya Africans fdr land has been consis-tently raised And when It becomes too ewbamsStag, a Roya? C«*ni»is*io* is sent out t o Htnya to «ianreSttgat» " Indeed, so many of Mwse OommiWonR hare been Sept that Kenya has beoeme known as the "Land af Royal Commissions."

> 4 ^>f«BQVBNT upon tike Hiiton Young V ' Consmission report of 1630; .the British labour GqWfatkfcit or the time

on Native Policy in sWWWHy pledged the

Impeilal' Government lo atop ai l further alienation of laud from the Africans.

The tMaorandum declared that the lands- within th 0 boundaries as finally gazetted for Native Reserves "aU MWinred^for the vibe and benefit of the natives forever."

^ t O ^ y ^ t B a t ''ai^ derogation

H l l l ^ l ^ ' l B ft© m only a flagrant breach of trust, but ulso,

such arguments. The Kavirondo tribe was forcibly movod ofF.the land and the Kenya LegWativo CouncU passed a new law granting concessions there to European gold mtning companies.

Thus was demonstrated the fact that there is no security of tenure fdr Africans even on land which has been deoMfed by the Government to be "native lartd."

The total area now officially designated "European" land covers i«,700 square miles,, only about 6 per cent of Which is actually umler cultivation.

Many Africans who are unable to Ibid accommodation in the ovowabWded reserves live as squatterB On the M w p e m plantations. These squatters vary in number from time to time, but tt»i«,are never fewer than 250.000 at a n y oae time. The white pkoUers do not M$Mt to "squatting" by these landless Africans for It provides them with a means of exacting unpaid labour. In many cases the Africans are obliged to give 180 days' free labour in • the year to the white landlords for the right to live precariously on land which

"are o n c e belonged to them.

AFRICANS who succeed in squatting on land Which Is classified as "CrtJWfe Und

but which has ndt been RpeottVaUly set aside fqr white settlement. kAOW that It is

(Continued on Pa*« Seven, CM. Orm)

December, 1 9 5 2 THE IRISH DEMOCRAT

KENYA from Page Six

CHARLES VILLIERS STANFORD ,,ulv a question oi time before they are fumed off. The evictions are usually car-ped out with much brutality, as was the ,-ase at Olengurone towards the end of 1949 . / -

The Africans who had squatted there •A ere given notice by the authorities to vacate the place. But having nowhere

No to go, and being offered no other lands i 0 replace those they were to leave, they Those, quite naturally, to stay where they -*ere.

So in the half-light of an early dawn, a iosse of armed police commanded by

kuropean officers, descended on the 11,800 ,n , .n women and children of Olengurone aJKi threw them out of their huts which they then proceeded to "burn to the »round. Crops and foodstocks were also destroyed and livestock numbering 1,600 head of cattle and nearly 9,000 goats for-cibly taken away.

When a protest was lodged a t the Colonial Office in London on behalf of these unfor tuna te people, the only com-ment of the Government spokesman was: •These chaps are squatters on Crown land who have nQt been obeying the rules of cultivation and are ruining the land." I-*VIDENTLY the first rule of cultivation r j in Kenya is t ha t the white set t lers

must have a s much land as they want a n d more. W h a t is left can go to the Afr icans —until the Government wants some of it for the settlers.

The pressure on the land in t h e Reserves where density of population rises, as i n t h e Kifcuyu district, to over 1,000 to the square mile, leads to a s ta te of almost constant famine. The traveller, Negley Parson, says of the Kenya Afri-cans, in-his book "Last Chance in Africa," tha t "Ah but a minute proportion now spend some six months of every year in a s ta te of semi-starvation."

After two mass organisations, the Eas t African Association and the Kikuyu Cen-tral Association, h a d been declared iUegal in tu rn by the government, the African people founded in 1944 the Kenya Afr ican Union to give them united leadership in the struggle for their rights. The K.A.U. has oyer 100,000 members, organised in 50 district branches throughout Kenya.

I n 1948 i t submitted a memorandum to the United Nations drawing at tent ion to the plight of the Kenya Africans, and sent a deputat ion to the Colonial Office in London The deputation was received by the Labour Colonial Secretary, but nothing was done by the Government to bring relief to the hard-pressed people.

D E C E N T L Y two members of the execu-H tive committee of the K.A.U., Mbiyu Koinange and Aehieng Oneko, a t tended t h e Sixth United Nations General Assem-bly in Par is to lobby delegates. In London the Tory Secretary of State for the Colonies, Mr. Oliver Lyttleton, refused even to see them.

The struggle of the Kenya African people for their lost lands is a vital pa r t of the anti-imperialist struggle which is now gaining momentum in Africa. Thei r cause will eventually triumph.' for it is founded on elementary justice, on a basic human right.

Reprinted from "World Trade Union Movement," No. 15, 1952, from whom reprints are obtainable. 3d. each, through the "Irish Democrat."

FIANNA FAIL ARD FHEIS

P R O P O S I N G the first resolution on the • clar. at tlie Fianna Fail Aid Fhcis, in

the Dublin Mansion House on November 4th, Mr. S. OSullivan proposed a resolu-tion that:

"the re-intcgration of the National Ter-ritory being one the principal objects for wl#cfc Wanna jPall was founded, th i s Ard Ftoela rttteratt* tb i just 4emapd of the Irish race for. sovereignty over xhe thirty-two counties of Ireland." Mr. p. Heaney said that th»«Bl|T way to

end Partition was to moot the men from the North and show them what was being done In Industry in the Twenty-six Coun-ties. if they could get tbe industrial north with them, then he felt that Ireland would never tookTtoack.

Mr. Sheriden said that Mr. Lemass had «»tertalned Mr. McClery to luncheon as an Irishman. Mr. Lemass, by opening the Rrne scheme had shown the north what we couljl do In industry.

' J ' H I S y e a r i.' t J v o n e h u n d r e d t h ann i -v e r s a r y of t h e b i r t h of Chas. Vil-

l iers S t a n f o r d , compose r , conduc to r , t e a c h e r of m u s i c a l compos i t ion . S t an -ford w a s bo rn in Dub l in . A m a r c h which he c o m p o s e d at the ai^e of e iyht w a s p l a y e d a s one of the pieces oi inc iden ta l m u s i c to a p roduc t ion of "Puss in Boots ' ' a t t h e T h e a t r e Royal , Dubl in , in 1863-64. H e con t inued to compose un t i l h i s d e a t h in 1924, h i s total o u t p u t c o m p r i s i n g n e a r l y t w o h u n d r e d w o r k s .

He was active in every field of music. Of his seven operas, three achieved pro-duction in Germany, and of these three-one, "The Veiled Prophet of Khorassan," lias never been heard either in England or Ireland, and another , "Savonarola," af ter beinc< produced in Hanover, was performed for one single night only at Covent Gar-den and then dropped for reasons quite unconnected with its artistic merits.

Stanford had great popular success with his songs and choral works, especially those on English nautical subjects, such as "The Revenge" (Tennyson), and the "Songs of the Sea" and "Songs of the Fleet," both to poems by Henry Newbolt. In addition, he composed religious works for both Catholic and Protestant use. Latin settings of t h e Te Deum, Stabat Mater and t h e Mass are paralleled by Moming and Evening Services for Angli-can use.

HE composed a large number of works of an unmistakeably Irish character

and with Ir ish titles, such as the "Irish Symphony," Pour Irish Rhapsodies for orchestra, Ir ish concertino for violin, 'oello and orchestra, four Ir ish dances for orchestra, six Irish Fantasias for violin and piano, a song-cycle "A Fire of Turf ," and the opera "Shamus O'Brien." Apart fx-om this, he published an edition of Moore's I r ish Melodies, "restored, edited

and arranged" by himself, two collections or Irish songs and an edition of "The Petrie Collection of Irish Music." He wrote of lolk SOULS : "The melodies of such songs are for all time." and made the intona-tions (>f Irish folk music tire basis of his intentionally I r i 'h compositions.

But there was always in him a tendency to eclecticism. He was educated at Cam-bridge. Leipsic and Berlin. For many years professor of music i>t Cambridge University, he introduced there a large number of new compositions by continen-tal composers, especially Brahms. Among his own compositions are some that echo

By The Famous Composer

ALAN BUSH this composer, others which are strongly influenced by 10th century Italian music.

In a life of immense industry as a com-poser and conductor, he was able to devote a large amount of his t ime and energies to the teaching of musical composition. In his field he was unrivalled in Britain,' per-haps in the whole of Western Europe, Ger-many and Austria not excepted. Probably in the 19th century the only teacher who wielded in his lifetime an equal influence was Balakirev, the leader of the Russian Five.

STANFORD taught personal ly ' Vaughan Williams, Hoist, J o h n Ireland, Frank

Bridge, Arthur Bliss, George Butter-worth, Armstrong Gibbs. Arthur Benja-min and Ivor Gurney, to name some of the moet distinguished of his pupils, and through them his influence has percolated to nearly every Br j t i ^ i composer of note ' who is f if ty years old or younger, except probably William Walton and Alan Raws-, thorne. His methods h a v e been set down in a book entitled "Musical Composition— A Shor t Treatise for Students ," which is one of t h e most st imulating existing works

for students and teachers of the subject. Stanford's creative works await still

the judgment ot posterity. But whatever their final place in musical history proves tc or, his name will always be held in the highest honour as the most important teacher during the earlier years ol our British musical renaissance, as a man who contributed much to the appreciation of the folk music of his own and other coun-tries, and whose sane approach to music has greatly influenced the development ol our music and has helped to render it les£ susceptible to the wave of decadence which is having pernicious effects on the music of Western Europe and the U.S.A.

U T A N F p R D ' S outlook is well expressed ^ in the following quotations from his treatise on musical composition.

"To paint a face with two noses and four ears would not suggest novelty of form, but only the imbecility of the artist."

"A beginner must no t think about originality , . . . Every m a n is different from his fellows in feature, in physique and in temperament. Ergo, everyone is to some extent original. I t is only a ques-tion of degree. The only t rue originality is tha t of a man who s tands midway be-tween the average and the abnormal . . The two most vital qualities for an ar t is t are sincerity and nobility. Without them he may gain notoriety, bu t will forfeit respect. With them he will take his place, be it in the lower or higher circles of thd musician's paradise, with those-who havtf given of their best for the advancement of their art."

NY LAND by Thomas Dawes C H E is

flh< c a rich and rare land;

Oh! she's a fresh and fair land; She is a dear and rare' land—

This native land ef mine.

No men than hers are braver— Her women's hearts ne'er waver; I'd freely die to save her,

And think my tot divine.

She's not a djtU or aold land 1 No! she's a warm and hold land ; O ! she's a true aatf old land—

This native land of mine.

Could beauty ever guard her, And virtue stiff reward her, No fee would cross her border-

No Mend within it pinel

0 '• she's a fresh and fair land; O! she's a true and rare tand! Yes, she's « rare and fair hum—

This native 1and of mine.

aaaaaaaaaai " • : " r w : B T a f i t c t i i , " , f r " v " " , v t ; ' " v i , r , r , ' i ; " " , ' , " r : ; r . ^ r , r r ~ f

r ,

The presence ol over 80,000 Irish people in Scotland should cause Connolly sup-porters furiously to think. Because, would you believe it, thee* art not two hundred copies of the "Irish Democrat" soid in the whole of that country. Qlasgow has orer M£00 Irish-born people liviny In it —and yf epuriw / f tw tubaher of Irish descent is <xiorax)U. Yet it Is to he doubted If a hundred people In Glasgow eVer soe the "Irish Democrat."

August an election conference took place in Warsaw to diseuss the cam-

paign preceding the election to the Seym (Parl iament) . I t was held by the National Front. Among the speeches was one by Father Eugeniusz Dabrowski, who said:—

"The menace of a new war looms in the air. It depends on all of us whether this menace is averted—it depends on war-wearv soldiers, on mothers, -wives and children. The fuH dynamic force of Catholicism has not yet been utilised in this cause—Catholicism, which has, after nil, not ironically been referred to as the 'r^gkm" of "peace.*'

"To detend peace is the commandment of oMT conscience. No sensible flole can

opmeat of his be iadjffweat to t h e development of hi: W h e ^ ^ o i i S A s A agricul

turc. development* of indufcry, 'the wide pnpspects open - to education and science In Poland—these are mile-stones marklny jair growing strength. The qpifty <* our asuntrf is not only the num-ber of guns, planes and warships, but also the number of universities and schools, the number oT students, the number of books published and easily obtainable text-books. The aright af our country means a new factory, a new bridge, it is the recon-struction of Warsaw, Gdansk and Wroc-law. The last eight years have proved to us clearly In this sphere that we have en-tered a new stag* in our national develop-ment, the continuation of which look truly Impressive. : , ."

iW I S was followed, on September 6th,

> by <T meeting of the Prsesidinm of the Priest*' Section of the Union of Fighters tOr Freedom and Democracy to discuss the Vol* of the section in the preelection period. Clergy were present from all parts of Poland

"We Catholic priests, elected from the arqrto aAd appointed tor J press our profound KV and ctetton of the fact that PeO| the result of the work of the people and

plans of -the People's Government— has carried out the gigantic work of

reconstructing our country an the basis of far-reaching economic and social trans-f o r m a t i o n under the Three-¥«ar and Six-Year Flgor, 1 , ; ;

has expanded industry on a scale un-precedented in the' history "of our nation, in traducing-entirely near branches «f In-dustry. and defeating reel -foundations for the progress and development of agricul-ture;' j •'

has integrated the ancient Polish Western Territories with the mother eountry and reltabilitatod them at a l imposing spied; ' . '

has raised the level o f Air ture by mmMwWng tt, illiteracy, by expand wide network of i houses of culture and club6.

" W f K Catholic .priesta undcrt w to «xhort ItaMaithful .t

their efforts ^ ^ ^ country and to increase the perity; . - <\

to oppose agents hflpttte I In particular, t o " and r« „ tions Of the Oertnao

to support, teachings of tended to

"To-day. Manifesto i Its ranks together

ryj In ISw a u t h # s tat&SnetiiMi?*

Precinct—A History of the I Settlement of to Modern Times" (W." Ltd.) Mr. W. R. HutfihinsOn commercial expansion of Ulster can be apprecil a careful examination Of the of the linen and coal Tyrone, and. the opening tip-mimlcatkms system ol" t h a t a

Certainly, 4toe -ttoOeA* Coal and most interesting^and useful . ' has the refreshing atid^ sion: "Perhaps Wheh preaent i bQi'es will -have tee will be forthcoming of ̂ levels and in scftpefc to warrant a fresh able days. The coat H i

work is modestly be given for the which brings to the t form material not otherwise5 able, -

A DOCUMENT of I was, we are ;t«W

an order to met to^end ..to tjae .next one d e b a t e for" order to minimise tldh ttf&t eight 1 printed resqiutlon'; 4 o . | liquors "as from arises our most in<

A local htetmy to the inhabitants 1 to those ; 3 A

stac

jtr • -

IS' p .-4

J •

8 THE IRISH DEMOCRAT December, 1952

B>

...

Connolly Association Liam Mellowes

MEMORIAL MEETINGS

LONDON : Anson Hall> Scheie Road, Willesden, N.W.2 8 p.m., WEDNESDAY, 10 DEC., 1952.

O r b a c h . M . P . PATRICK CLANCY, JUSTIN KEATING

7 *

MANCHESTER: Thatched House, Old Market Place, Cross St. 8 p.m., WEDNESDAY, 10 DEC., 1952.

DESMOND GREAVES, STEPHEN LALLY

BIRMINGHAM: U n i t y C h a m b e r s > 2 6 2 Corporation Street 8 p.m., MONDAY, 8 DEC., 1952.

DESMOND GREAVES, JAMES COSGROVE

I O H by

'SOCCER1TE'

CUP matches will now play a big part in the treble chance pools, and no doubt

there will be many shocks. As we are a monthly paper we cannot give forecasts for some cup matches as the draw is made af ter we go to press. '' However, I have set out a cheap treble chance forecast, and as it showed a thirty dividend profit last month there is every likelihood of even a first dividend, and seven lines of second dividend.

•You will notice too, I have set out on alternative weeks, an eight-line four aways perm costing 4/-.

Herels hoping and wishing you a very happy and successful Christmas.

MATCHES PLAYED DEC. 13th— 1 Home Forecasts. — Manchester City,

Middlesbrough, Newcastle, Preston, Shef-field Wed., Spurs, West Brom., Birming-ham, Fulham, Leeds, Leicester City, Notts. Co., Plymouth, West Ham, Aldershot, Bris-tol Rovers, Colchester, Coventry, Millwall, QPJ l . , Shrewsbury, Walsall, Bradford, Chesterfield, Halifax, Mansfield, Oldham, Tranmere, Wrexham, York.

Aways. — Gateshead, Brighton, Black-pool, Sunderland, Arsenal, Everton, Shef-field Utd.

Here is your coupon marked for treble chance pools:

o o o 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

O 0 0 0 0

o o

0 0 0 o o o 0 O 0

O 0 0 0 o 0 0

Liverpool v. Man. Utd. Luton v. Doncaster .. S'hampton v. Ntts. F. Exeter v. Bristol City.. Norwich v. N'hampton Swindon v. Reading Barrow v. Chester Grimsby v. Port Vale . . Workingt'n v. Hartlepls

Eight lines at 6d.: 4/-* * *

MATCHES PLAYED DEC. 20th— Home Forecasts. — Arsenal, Blackpool,

Charlton, Derby Co., Liverpool, • Man-chester City, Middlesbro', Birmingham, Blackburn, Bury, Lincoln, Luton, Notts. Co., Sheffield Utd., Bristol City, Crystal Palace, Gillingham, Ipswich, Leyton O., Northampton, Q.P.R., Shrewsbury, Brad-ford, Accrington, Chester, Crewe, Halifax, Mansfield, Oldham, Port Vale, Southport.

Draws.—Cardiff v. Wolves, Newcastle v. Sheffield Wed., Barnsley v. Doncaster, Tor-quay v. Southend, Scunthorpe v. Barrow.

Your coupon marked for four aways: West Brom. v. Spurs . . 2 2 2 Hull v. Everton 2 2 2 2 2 Aldershot v. Norwich.. 2 2 2 2 2 Walsall v. Millwall . . . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 Wrexham v. Grimsby.. 2 2 2 2 2 S'hampton v. West Ham ' 2 2 2 2

Eight lines a t 6d.: 4/-

MATCHES PLAYED DEC. JTth— Home Forecasts. — Arsenal, Charlton,

Chelsea, Man. City, Portsmouth, Sunder-land, Bury, Everton, Plymouth, Bourne-mouth, Bristol Rav., Coventry, Crystal P., Ipswich, Reading, Chester, ' Gateshead, Halifax, Hartlepools, Port Vale, Scun-thorpe, Tranmere.

Aways.—Cardiff v. Newcastle, Middles-brough v. Spurs, West Brom. v. Sheffield Wed., Hull v. Notts. Forest, Swansea v. Huddersfield, Colchester v. Norwich, Wor-kington v. Barrow, Shrewsbury v. Millwall, Chesterfield v. Grimsby.

Your coupon marked for treble chance: Leeds v. Luton o o o o o o o Leicester v. Blackburn o o o o o o o Notts. Co. v. West Ham o o o o o o o S'hampton v. Fulham o o o o o o o Southend v. Bristol City o o o o o o o Swindon v. Exeter .. o o o o o o o Accrington v. Wrexham o o o o o o o Mansfield v. Oldham.. o o o o o o o Rochdale v. Darlington o o o o o o o

Eight lines at 6d.: 4/-

THE PEELER AND THE COAT A JMJISHA JMtar wint wan night

A On duty end p«tnroHin, ©, An' mat a goat upon the road

An* t i l * bar for a sthraller, 0 . Wud bey'net fixtd he tallied forth,

And caught her by the wiszen, 0 , A n * t M k f t i i e a i | M p M h ,

" IH tend you off to prison, 0 ."

" 0 . • O A T i

slrr!" th 01

I mm m m w » i n» niwmmwii< NO Crappy, whig, or Tory, o ;

I 'm w m g nat af a n y crime Of potty or M d i thralaan, 0 ,

I'm badf r wanted a t tMa time. For this I* the mttklng salson, 0."

PEELER: It la In vain far t» complain

Or give your tongue auch bridle, 0{

You're absent from your dwell.'ng-

and Idle, - 0 . looks win n o t prevail, sublime oration, 0,

ansperted by Peel's Act, I nty Information, q.

ft COAT: penal law dM I

PEELER: I wHI chastise your inaollnce,

And violent behaviour, 0 ; Well b o w * to Cashal you'll be sint,

Where you will gain no favour, 0 . The Magistrates will all oonslnt

To sign y a w condemnation, 0 ; From there to Cork you will be sfnt

For speedy transportation, o . OOATi

This parish an; this neighbourhood Are paloabte an' thranqull, 0 ;

There's no disturbance here, thank Gad!

And long may It continue so. I don't regard your oath a pin,

Or sign for my oowtmlttal, 0, My jury will be gintlemln

And grant me my aoaulttal, o . PEELER!

The consequlnoe bo what It will, A peeler's power I'll let you know,

I'll handcuff you, at all events, And maroh you off to Bridewell, 0 .

An' sure, you rogue, you can't deny Before the Judge or Jury, 0,

Intimidation with your horns, And threatening me with fury, 0.

"OOATi . I make no doubt but you are dhrunk

WtM whiaky, rum, or brandy o, Or yaw wouldn't have such gallant

manly, 0. let me pass < r

Ta t h f a t e you to a potheen glass— O l d ft's tMn I'd bo the dandy, 0 .

MM i |

•sissail Printing Society Ltd. (T.U.), Ripley, Derbys., and published Dy

ii St., London, E.C.I.

IRISH SOCIAL Music, dancing and friendly

. snack MANCHESTER

(Thatched House) 8 p.m.

Friday, 12 December Tickets 1 /6

RACING McGINTY !rr*HE Flat Season has now come to an

end, with Gordon Richards champion jockey once more with his total winners of 231 and McGinty again beats the "Book" and remains top tipster of the year with a total of 554 points—equal to a total win of £55 Is. 8d. for the season. McGinty finished up last year with a total of 117 point or £117 15s.

No other paper can boast of such suc-cess.

Only four of our tips ran last month— two were winners and two second. Here, then, is my full balance sheet complete for the Flat Racing season:

£ s. d. High Principal won a t 9-2 . . 5 12 7 Todman won at 11-4 3 8 9 Alecon 2nd at 5-1 5 0 Phantom Midget 2nd at 100-8 2 2 0

£11 8 4 Total to last month 43 13 4

Total winnings for season £55 1 8

* * • Here is my 12 to follow over the sticks: (1) Commando Assault. (2) Red Oxide (3) Straight Cut (4) Mont Triumphant (5) Ballymacon (8) Whispering Steel (7) Strokes (8) Oterstown (9) Ron's Hope

(10) El Ayashy (11) Creggmore Boy (12) Straight Quill To all my readers, I- wish you a Very

Happy Christmas, with plenty of winners.

Meiuy£wc'a £ue m L O N D O N

KING AND QUEEN PADDINGTON GREEN, LONDON, W.2

8 p.m. till Closing Time

An Evening of Gaiety, Charm, and Celebration

CONNOLLY ASSOCIATION MEMBERS AND FRIENDS TICKETS 2/ -

GRAND IRISH SOCIAL

Mi o ,N

Coi