w È4( > e #+ . ì75 f / 0£#ì 2( q>2 'Ç b m , a>& 50 l>' · 6 'v...

$: W È4( > E #+ . ì75 F / 0£#ì 2( q>2 'Ç b m , A>& 50 L>' · 6 'v _PDCA b0{!l ? } !l è í0Û o 0b%$ K _6õ K Z0°3U 14 4 w _ > E 0£#ì b [ &g M ^ ]>* ½ /$×$
11.11.21.31.41.51.61.7

1. 6

22.12.2

33.13.23.33.4

3.53.6

44.14.2

4.3

55.1

5.25.2

5.3

5.45.5

66.16.26.3

1

CO2

P6

p44

2

3

4

5

LCCO2

P7

6 P9

7 5

8

20 30

5 () 5

(20 ) (p9)

9 CO2

p10 42

10 p10 11

11 p9 11 p41

12 p11p12

13 PD C A

p14 PDCA6 PDCA

14 p22 30 p53 61

15

N2OP27

p50 5116 P42

17 P43

18 N2O P51

19

20

P63

21

20 10

1 .................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 .................................................................................................................................. 1

1.2 ...................................................................................... 4

1.3 .................................................................................................. 5

1.4 .......................................................................................................... 6

1.5 ...................................................................................................................... 9

1.6 .................................................................................................... 11

1.7 ........................................................................................................ 11

2 ...................................................................................................... 13

2.1 ................................................................................................ 13

2.2 ........................................................................................................ 15

3 .......................................................................... 16

3.1 ........................................................................................................ 16

3.2 ................................................................ 18

3.3 ............................ 19

3.4 .................................... 26

3.5 ............................ 29

3.6 .................................... 30

4 .......................................................................................... 34

4.1 ................................................................................................ 34

4.2 ................................................................................ 35

4.2.1 .................................................................... 35

4.2.2 .................................................................... 36

4.2.3 ............................................................................ 38

4.3 ................................................................ 40

5 .......................................................................................................... 42

5.1 ............................................................................................ 42

5.2 ........ 44

5.3 ................................................ 49

5.4 ...................................................... 51

5.5 ................................ 52

............................................................................... 53

6 ...................................................................................................... 63

6.1 ........................................................................................................ 63

6.2 ............................................................................................ 63

6.3 .................................................................................................... 65

1

1

1.1

1)

7

1990

2)

CO2

CH4

N2O

HFC

PFC

SF6

HFC PFC HFC 13 PFC 7

3)

4)1

2

5)

CO2

100

CO2 CH4 21 N2O 310 HFC PFC SF6

1-1

1

9CO2

1

CH4 21

2 3

N2O310

HFC

14011,700

PFC

6,5009,200

SF6

23,900

CFC HCFC

3

6)1.4

CO2

7)

8)

N2O

9)20

10)

18 8

4

1.2

1)

2)

5

Win-Win

→ →→ PDCA

1.3

6

1.4

1)

2)

6

3

CO2

CH4

N2O

3)

LCCO2 1-1 1-2 CO2

7

8

LCCO2

1-1 LCCO2

LC-CO2

33,450m3/

2002Webpage

http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/ecg/index.htm

1-2 LCCO2

1)6

6 CO2

CH4 N2O 3

8

CO2

CH4

N2O

HFC

PFC

SF6

1-2

1-2

CO2

1

2

CH4

N2OCH4

N2O

1

2

2)

9

3)

1-3

PFI

1.5

1)

5

20

2)

1)

10

1990 1990

5

20

2)

2

1-4

a.

b.

c.a.b.

c.

1-3

11

1.6

5

1.7

12

CO2 CH4 N2O

N2O CH4

CH4

CH4

1,500kl20 21 4

13

2

2.1

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

1)

2 1.5

2)

3

4

3)

5

4)3

5)

6

14

2-1

PDCA

2-2 PDCA

15

2.2

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

1)

2)

3)

4)1.4 1)

5)

16

3

3.1

4

1)

2)

3)

4)

3-1

1)CO2

CH4 N2O CH4

N2O

CO2 CH4 N2O

17

2)CH4 N2O CH4 N2O

CH4

CH4

CH4

N2O1 CH4 N2O

3) CO2

4)

1)

1

18

3.2

= { }

= { }

1

→

N2O

3 2

10

19

3.3

1) CO2 CH4 N2O

CO2 CH4 N2O

3-2

3-3

2 PPS

CO2

CH4 N2O

2 11 12 3 21

20

CH4 N2O 3-4

CH4 N2O 3-5

3-3 CO2

k hk hk h

V’ = 273 273 + T P VV’ Nm3 V m3

T P0 1 Nm3

15 1.02LPG m3 LPG

LPG2.07kg/m3 LP Website http://www.j-lpgas.gr.jp/faq/faq1.html

LNG m3 LNG1.40m3/kg

0.71 kg/m3

CNG

LNG L-CNG

21

3-4 CH4 N2O

3-5 CH4 N2O

22

2)

CO2

CO2

1

9

PPS

http://www.env.go.jp/earth/ghg-santeikohyo/)

kWh

t-CO2 kWh t-CO2/ kWh

0.555 t-CO2/ kWh H18

520 kWh 0.555 t-CO2/ kWh 289 t-CO2

1,770 kWh 0.555 t-CO2/ kWh 982 t-CO2

970 kWh 0.555 t-CO2/ kWh 538 t-CO2

3

3

23

kWhCO- 2t

t-CO2

CO2

4 CO2

CO2

CO2 IPCC

C

44/12 CO2

J 5

t kL m3

J

CH4 N2O

CH4

CH4

N2O B C N2O

A N2O

B

4 CH4 N2O

CO2CO2

5 kcal 1kcal=0.00419MJ

24

N2O CH4

CH4 N2O

CH4 N2O

CH4 N2O

0.01%

a)

b)

km L km/L

c)

3 2

CH4 N2O

CNG

CNG

3 2

25

3 2

t-CO2 GJ t-C/GJ 44/12 t-CO2/t-C

GJ t,kL, Nm3, m3

GJ/ t,kL, Nm3, m3

3-3

t-CH4 GJ t-CH4/GJt-N2O GJ t-N2O/GJ

t-CH4 km t-CH4/kmt-N2O km t-N2O/km

A4,500 L

2,200 L

500 L J

A 4.5kL 39.1GJ/kL 175.95GJ A 2.2 kL 39.1GJ/kL 86.02GJ

0.5kL 34.6 GJ/kL 17.3GJ

10km/L 500L 10km/L 5,000km CO2

A 175.95 86.02 GJ 0.0189t-C/GJ 44/12 18.2 t-CO2

17.3 GJ 0.0187t-C/GJ 44/12 1.19 t-CO2

J 3-3 CO2CH4

5,000km 0.000000010 t-CH4/km 0.0000500 t-CH4

2.2kL 0.0000017 t-N2O/GJ 0.00000374 t-N2O5,000km 0.000000029 t-N2O/km 0.000145 t-N2O

CO2 CO2

26

J

“ ”CO2

t-CO2 GJ t-CO2/GJ

0.057t-CO2/GJ

k X Qk kg-CO2/MJX kg-CO2

Q MJ

X

2,000GJ 0.057t-CO2/GJ 114 t-CO2

3.4

CH4 N2O

CO2

CO2

CH4 N2O

27

1)

3-6 CH4 N2O

←←

CH4 N2O

2)

CH4 N2O

CH4 N2O

t-CH4 m3 t-CH4/m3

t-N2O m3 t-N2O/m3

CH4 N2O 3-6

8,000 m3/ 0.00088 t-CH4/ m3 7.04 t-CH4

8,000 m3/ 0.00016 t-N2O/ m3 1.28 t-N2O

28

CH4 N2O

CH4 N2O

CH4 N2O

N2O

3 2

CH4 CH4

t-CH4 wet-t t-CH4/tt-N2O wet-t t-N2O/t

3-6

9,500 wet-t/ 0.0000097 t-CH4/wet-t 0.0922 t-CH4

9,500 wet-t/ 0.000645 t-N2O/ wet-t 6.13 t-N2O850

CH4

CH4

t-CH4 Ds-t t-CH4/t( )

11 1/11 3-6

11 14,000wet-t → 1,270 wet-t/1,270wet-t/ 80% 254ds-t/254ds-t/ 0.133 t-CH4/ds-t 33.8 t-CH4

CH4

11

11 11 1/11

CH4

29

t-CH4 Wet-t t-CH4/t 3-6

1,500wet-t/ 0.0040 t-CH4/wet 6.0 t-CH4

CH4 N2O

CH4 N2O

3.5

1) CO2

3-7

30

2)CO2

t-CO2 m3 t- CO2/m3

t-CO2 t t- CO2/t 3-7

1,400 m3/ 0.002 t-CO2/m3 2.8 t-CO2

0.2 t/ 0.32 t-CO2/t 0.65 t-CO2

0.8 t/ 6.52 t-CO2/t 5.22 t-CO2

3.6

4,000m3/ 1,640 m3/1,640 m3 22 GJ/ m3 36,080 GJ

20 25 MJ/m3N → 22 MJ/m3 GJ/ m3

2.71 t-CO2/kLA 36,080 GJ 39.1 GJ/kL 922.8 kL

922.8 kL 2.71 t-CO2/kL 2,500 t-CO2

10,000m2

(kW) 1/15 (m2)+5 1/15 10,000m2 5 672kW(kWh/ )

(kW) (kWh/m2 )(kWh/m2) 0.7 ( / )

672 kW 63.6 kWh/m2 1 kWh/m2 0.7 365 / 618,000kWh/0.555 t-CO2/ kWh

618 kWh 0.555 t-CO2/ kWh 343 t-CO2

2007.3NEDO

31

3-8

PFI

32

IPCC

7

1 13A 12A P-13A

2

3

16

MJ/Nm3

2 PPS

6

33

PPS

1 N2O

2 CH4 CH4

CH4 N2O

34

4

4.1CO2 CH4 N2O

3

CH4 21 N2O 310

CO2

t-CO2 t

t-CO2/t-CH4/t-N2O/

121310

t-CO2/t-CO2/t-CO2/

4-1

35

4-2

4.2

4.2.1

36

18 4-1

N2O CH4

N2O CH4

1) ( )2)

H18

4-1 CO2

4.2.2

37

t-CO2/m3

t-CO2 m3

ds-tt-CO2/m3

t-CO2 m3

t-CO2/ds-tt-CO2 ds-t

4-2

11

4-2

38

1

2

4.2.3

4-3

39

4-33

k hk hk h

18

4-3

40

4.3

1)

2)

3)

3

4.2

1)t-CO2/m3

t-CO2/ m3/

2)

41

3)

E1 Q1 m3/ A t-CO2/m3 365

E1 t-CO2/

Q1 m3/

A t-CO2/m3

3

4.2

4-4

4-4

4-5

42

5

5.1

1)

2)

3)

4)

4 4.2.2

1

2

1)

43

2)

3)

4)

5-1

5-1

1)

2) N2O

3)

4)

CO2

1 N2O

44

2

3

5.2

16 2 26

5-2

1. ()

2.3.4.

( )5. ( )1.2. ( )3. (

)4. (

)

45

1.DO

2.3. ( )4.

( )( )

( )5.1. ( )2. ( )3. (

)4. (

)1.2.

3. ( )4.

1. ( )2.3.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.1.2.3.4.1.2.3.4.5. (

)6.7.8.9.

1.

2.

46

NaS

()

1.0

(PM)

(COP) 6

COP

47

DC

CO2

(COP)

(VCS)

48

CO2

CO2

90CO2

(R410A)80(COP)

200

80

CO2 CO CO2 CO

CO2 CO

PM (PM)

49

LED (LED)

1.2.1.2.3.4.

1.2.3.4.

5.3

1)

2)

3)

1)N2O

50

N2O

310

N2O

1.51kgN2O/wet-t

0.645 kgN2O/wet-t

CO2

CH4 N2O

Vol.42 No.508 2005/02 pp97-110

WebPage http://www.mlit.go.jp/crd/city/sewerage/gyosei/ondanka.html

N N2O

CH4 N2OVol.42 No.508 2005/02 pp97-110

5-1

CH4 N2O

2)CH4 N2O

CH4 N2O

51

3) CH4 N2O

CH4

N2O N2O

N2O

CH4 N2O

1) 9 3

2) 9

10 10

3) CH4 N2O

Vol.42 No.508 2005/02 pp97-110

3)

CH4

50

5.4

52

5.5

A B

A t-CO2/

B t-CO2/

53

2 3

Webpagehttp://www.mlit.go.jp/crd/city/sewerage/gyosei/ondanka.html

54

NaSNAS CO2

CO2 NOx

NOxNAS

Webpagehttp://www.tepco.co.jp/solution/energy/battery/bat03-j.html

NAS CO2

CO2

http://www.gesui.metro.tokyo.jp/oshi/infn0186.htm

55

MLSS DO

56

23 1

( 16 17 )

HP

57

CO2

HP

58

CO2

A kWh/B kWh/C-CO2/

A B kWh/ C CO2/

59

1

60

CH4 9036 m3 1,400

2006 600t-CO2

1

62% 90%

CH4 98

70 m3 50km 401,200t-CO2

2004 1160% 98

61

99,000 8,70037,000

-CO2

62

A-CO2/B-CO2/

[m3] [t/m3] {ABS( [ ]) [MJ/(t )] [MJ/t]} [m3] 0.5(t/m3) {ABS(-4 ) 2.1(MJ/t ) 334.9(MJ/t)}[m3] 0.5(t/m3) {ABS(-4 ) 2.1(MJ/t ) 334.9(MJ/t)}[m3] 171.65MJ/m3 [m3] 0.172GJ/m3 C-GJ/

C(GJ) 0.00258(kl/GJ) CO2 C(GJ) 0.00258(kl/GJ) 2.71(t-CO2/kl) D-CO2/

A CO2 3.3CO2/ D A B

CO2

CO2

CO2

63

6

6.1PDCA

6.2

2

a)

b)

64

20 3 10

65

6.3

2

w È4( > e #+ . ì75 f / 0£#ì 2( q>2 'Ç b m , a>& 50 l>' · 6 'v...

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