w12/12/12; f12/9/11; h-f12/2-3/10; m12/8/08

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W12/12/12; F12/9/11; H-F12/2-3/10; M12/8/08 Civil War Intro (Ch. 15.1 & 15.2; pp. 406-420)

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W12/12/12; F12/9/11; H-F12/2-3/10; M12/8/08. Civil War Intro ( Ch. 15.1 & 15.2 ; pp. 406-420). I. Objectives. S. – independence protect slavery states ’ rights N . – return to Union (later ~1862-63 – end slavery, but still not full emancipation ) ( stop spread of slavery) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: W12/12/12; F12/9/11; H-F12/2-3/10; M12/8/08

W12/12/12; F12/9/11; H-F12/2-3/10; M12/8/08

Civil War Intro(Ch. 15.1 & 15.2; pp. 406-420)

Page 2: W12/12/12; F12/9/11; H-F12/2-3/10; M12/8/08

I. Objectives

• S. – independence– protect slavery– states’ rights

• N. – return to Union– (later ~1862-63 – end slavery, but still not full

emancipation)– (stop spread of slavery)

• Power of central government?– would continue to be issue for both sides

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A. Advantages & DisadvantagesConfederacy Union

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A. Advantages & Disadvantages

Confederacy Union

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A. Advantages & Disadvantages (#5)

Confederacy Union

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II. Raising Troops (#1)A. Volunteers • vast majority for both sides – 80% of S; 92% of N

B. Draft• Confederacy - 1862– Conscription Act (only 20%)– 20 slaves exemption

Page 7: W12/12/12; F12/9/11; H-F12/2-3/10; M12/8/08

II. Raising Troops (#1) (cont.)

B. Draft (cont.)

• Union - 1863• Enrollment Act– Substitute/commutation (or buy out)– Loopholes – both sides – buy out/substitute– Why? Each side needs money

• “rich man’s war, but poor man’s fight”

Page 8: W12/12/12; F12/9/11; H-F12/2-3/10; M12/8/08

II. Raising Troops (#1) (cont.)B. Draft (cont.)• NYC Draft Riots – 1863– 5 days, hundreds killed – Veterans from Gettysburg called in– racial & class tensions exposed

Page 9: W12/12/12; F12/9/11; H-F12/2-3/10; M12/8/08

Map of NYC Draft Riots

Page 10: W12/12/12; F12/9/11; H-F12/2-3/10; M12/8/08

III. Financing War (#2)A. Overview• federal spending prior to war– new concept – only ~2% of GNP prior to war– rose to ~15% of GNP during war

• Q: How to pay for war?– war bonds and taxes (1st direct taxes in 30 years)– print more money (inflation!)

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III. Financing War (#2) (cont.)

B. South• 1st war bond ($15M) – Aug. 1861– need specie– use up most of S. specie after war bond

• taxes– largely ineffective & inconsistent (only 5% of revenue in S)– location to tax collectors

• paper money– printed more & more money– became worth less (cost $1 in 1861, cost $46 in 1864)– incredible inflation (9,000%)

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III. Financing War (#2) (cont.)

C. North• war bond ($150M)– Jay Cooke

• not enough specie (hoarding, overseas) • Salmon P. Chase – Treasury Sec.• Legal Tender Act (1862)– issued $150M in “greenbacks”– Inflation,

• but not as bad as S. (about 80%)

• Taxes– income tax, liquor tax– mix of direct & indirect taxes– much more effective than S. (about 21% of revenue)

Page 13: W12/12/12; F12/9/11; H-F12/2-3/10; M12/8/08

IV. Political Leadership (#3)• Lincoln vs. DavisA. South• Jefferson Davis (Pres. - MS)– fought w/ Alexander Stephens (VP – GA)– Davis: need strong central gov’t to win war– Stephens (and others): states’rights

• lots of conflict, tension• one political party – – internal strife – similar to “Era of Good Feelings”

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IV. Political Leadership (#3) (cont.)

B. North– Abraham Lincoln (Pres. – IL)• Compromise

– political party strife • Dems vs. Reps

– multiple beliefs • debate strengthened party loyalties• diverse opinion on cabinet – radicals and conservatives

Page 15: W12/12/12; F12/9/11; H-F12/2-3/10; M12/8/08

V. Border States (#4)

• issue of slavery?– Lincoln avoids – Why?– keep Border States in Union– DE, MD, KY, MO (later WV)

• POPB, yeomen– touchy subject throughout war, esp. w/

emancipation

Page 16: W12/12/12; F12/9/11; H-F12/2-3/10; M12/8/08

VI. StrategiesA. North• Anaconda Strategy– blockade (US Navy) & rivers– Confed. Navy? – build from scratch– MS River – David Farragut (New Orleans)– TN River – U.S. Grant

• VA – McClelland – “slows” • turnover in leadership – – Scott, McClelland, Burnside, Hooker, etc.

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VI. Strategies (cont.)

B. South• defensive war• 2 fronts: – VA (most of fighting)– MS/TN rivers