Year 2011, Volume 5, Issue 43

The CENTROFIN NewsletterWavelength

In this issue

pg 14

pg 10

pg 8 - 9

pg 4

pg 6

pg 2

Safety First!

(Legal-Opinion) There was no dry dock available at Antwerp so the

Class surveyor issued an Transpetrol Maritime Services Limited interim certificate allowing the deficiency The owner argued that the vs SJB (Marine Energy) BV (MT to be repaired at the next port. As a result, wording in the recap Rowan), 2011 (unreported). however, the charterer claimed that Shell overwrote and replaced

had rejected the vessel and refused to the wording in the standard buy the cargo. Chevron also allegedly Vitol Clause 18 so that refused to deal with the vessel. “WOG” (“without

guarantee”) applied, A claim was made by the owner for meaning that there was demurrage and port costs that arose simply an indication, during the voyage. The charterer without a contractual counterclaimed that, due to the bad commitment, that the listed reputation the vessel gained in the market approvals were in place at following the events at Antwerp, it had the outset of the charter. been unable to sell the cargo on satisfactory terms. The charterer sought The Judge, however, to claim damages for the difference in agreed with the charterer's price it had allegedly agreed with Shell interpretation that the and what the cargo actually realised. parties were adding to,

not replacing, the standard The success of the counterclaim term. The fact that a depended in part on whether the owner continuing warranty had warranted that the vessel had the qualified by “Tbook” requisite oil major approvals referred to in (“to best of owner's the charter party and, if so, whether that knowledge”) might prove warranty had been breached. unworkable in a commercial

This dispute arose out of a voyage situation, as contended by charter for the carriage of vacuum gas oil the owner, was of no significant weight, in (VGO). The charterer was a trader in the Judge's view. petroleum products and had chartered the The construction of the charterpartyvessel to carry VGO from the Black Sea It was not unusual for commercial parties to the US Gulf, with an option to top up, The recap stated under vessel to “make what are in retrospect bad discharge or reload at Antwerp. information that “TBOOK WOG VSL IS bargains”. He added that there was also

APPROVED BY: BP/LITASCO/STATOIL – no express reference to deletion of At Antwerp, the vessel was inspected by EXXON VIA SIRE”. The recap also Clause 18 in the recap as there was for a Shell and Conoco. Shell had, according to incorporated Clause 18 of the Vitol number of other standard Vitol clauses the charterer, agreed to buy the cargo standard chartering terms, which stated and he concluded that this meant the subject to vetting. However, the as follows: “Owner warrants that the parties had not intended to delete that inspections established that a low suction vessel is approved by the following clause. Consequently, he held that the sea chest valve needed repair prior to companies and will remain so throughout owner had warranted that the vessel was sailing. the duration of this Charterparty…” In the approved by the named oil majors and

recap, next to the reference that would remain so throughout the duration incorporated Clause 18, it was stated of the voyage charter. “TBOOK VSL IS APPROVED BY: BP/EXXON/LUKOIL/STATOIL/MOH”. Was it so approved? This depended on

what “approved” meant and how long any such approval had continued

Compliments INCELAW.com

Background to dispute

The Commercial Court

There are few reported English decisions related to oil major approvals. Oil majors operate a system of vetting and approvals to ensure that the vessels they use or trade or buy cargoes from are of satisfactory quality. Owners and operators of tankers seek and collect as many written approvals as possible from top name oil majors, which are often required by charterers. Given the importance of such approvals in tanker charterparties for the purposes of trading a tanker profitably, the observations of the Judge in this case on the meaning of “approved” as provided for in the charter party are worth noting.

To reach our Seafarers

TO THE MASTER: Please circulate copies of this Bulletin to the CREW.

Our Knowledge / Publications / Commercial Court interprets the meaning of “approved” by Oil Majors

cont..p16

Piracy

The master / pilot relationship

and passage planning

Condemned to Joy

Human element knowledge & skills

framework – operations

The new International Buoyage System

The names of the vessel and crew mentioned in this report are Piracynot given to protect the identity of the crew who fear that their actions may be frowned upon by their vessel owners, cargo (An anonymous opinion owners, brokers, charterers, -by a crew member)lawyers, P & I Clubs, Flag States, IMO, UNO Coalition forces...with I recently visited a small tanker in these people up against them (the the Indian Ocean and saw crew) one wonders how they have firsthand what these poor souls time to worry about the Pirates!(the crew) have to endure. From

these photographs one can these innocent 'civilian' vessel clearly see the bullet holes in the operators may simply be put to bridge wing area. The RPG fired death by their captors as upon them apparently (luckily) retribution?flew over the top of the wheelhouse! The attempt to take The Chinese and Russian Navy the vessel was thwarted by the appear to be the most effectual to crew. date, in that they position a frigate at the front and rear of a convoy and deploy at least 4 armed British shipowners are lobbying to guards on to every vessel in the stop a change in the rules convoy...none of these vessels governing one of the most have been taken. emotive subjects in the maritime world - salvage fees. The US and European forces complain that they cannot help Proposals to pay salvage firms for while the pirates are in the water averting environmental damage as they may merely be fishermen are on the agenda. The £300m-a-

year salvage business revolves (with RPGs?) and that once the around London because of the pirates are on the vessel it is then role of the Lloyd's insurance a hostage situation and the forces The crew (although not allowed to market. The International Salvage cannot intervene for fear of be armed) have taken to Union (ISU), also based in the hurting the crew (who are deploying razor wire all around City, favours the change, but probably being beaten by the the ship, hanging 45 gallon oil shipowners in Britain and abroad pirates at that time) and that they barrels over the side (which are resisting any widening of the can only intervene in the period bounce around in the water basis on which salvage firms are that the pirates are boarding the deterring the small skiffs from paid. 'We feel the 1989 Salvage vessel...seems a little complicated approaching with their 'window Convention is working well and and political, the end result cleaner' step ladders) and building we do not wish to see any normally being that they improvised pipe guns which shoot change,' said an industry source. effectively do nothing.pyrotechnics (safety rocket flares)

with surprising accuracy at the 'Altering the convention could Finally, whilst money is being assailants. This particular vessel mean confusion and litigation. An made by the many 'private army had the engine room hatch international convention should escort' companies and the welded shut and the common give certainty.' Salvage operators ransoms are being paid there is steering access fortified. As a last are paid ten to 12 per cent of the probably no real incentive to stop resort the crew would barricade

Admiral Bob Papp, 24th value of the ship and the goods this nightmare for the crew.themselves in to the steering Commandant of the US Coast on board. But the ISU says compartment and steer the vessel Guard, has a crystal clear idea of change is needed to make it to an area that was known to what his organisation does.worthwhile for salvage firms to have coalition forces around. This

attend where the value of a vessel “We ensure the safety, security was possible because of stored and cargo may be low but the and stewardship of our ports, provisions, a GPS navigator and environmental damage would be waterways and coasts,” Admiral charts positioned within the high. Meanwhile, ships in UK Papp says with great confidence.steering compartment. The vessel waters would have to carry 'wreck would steer from the emergency “Or simply keeping bad things insurance' under a private steering position 'blind'! from happening to ships, bad member's Bill going through things happening to people, bad Parliament.Some say the Korean's stance is things happening to the

the way to go, however, the word environment or bad things in our Source: This is Moneyon the street is that the Pirates ports and waterways from people will now not bother with taking with bad intentions. hostages from any Korean

This guides us in achieving our 11 Flagged vessel; instead that they

main missions. I am proud to say will fire upon and kill the crew.

all 42,000 people on active duty, This may have been an option for

7,000 members of the Reserve, all security forces at the outset of

8,000 civilian employees and this saga but with over 700+

30,000 Auxiliary volunteers know crewmen and a multitude of

these and individually how they vessels now being held by the

contribute to our missions.”pirates, if this stance is now taken

A thought for our 'civilian' Marine(r)s…

Ship-owners mutiny over salvage fees

DNV – FORUM (http://www.dnv.com/resources/publications/dnv_forum/2011)

The US Coast Guard response to the Deepwater Horizon catastrophe was the largest US Coast Guard response ever undertaken.

If you had a $10 billion operating budget to carry out 11 main missions for the United States, ranging from maritime safety, marine security, environmental protection and ice operations to drug enforcement, migrant interdiction and aids to navigation, could you plainly and concisely answer the question: “What do you do?”

pg 3

However, when you consider that obligation, and there was a strong Finally, when asked about his the Coast Guard's jurisdiction will and desire of industry to shift biggest challenge and what keeps So while the response is still covers 3.4 million square miles of response equipment to the Gulf, him awake at night, Admiral Papp being evaluated and there will be US waters, these financial and the Coast Guard could not grounds his thoughts on the three recommended changes, he does human resources seem rather temporarily remove the main functions of the Coast have a couple of initial undersized. The Deepwater contractual requirements that Guard: maritime safety, security observations.Horizon disaster, though, is a each response company had to and stewardship.good case in how the Coast keep that equipment available “My biggest challenge is to make Guard effectively uses flexible locally. The Coast Guard did shift sure that the Coast Guard has an people, assets and authority to 12 buoy tenders, which are the adequate number and balance of meet any challenge. only government owned vessels resources for our main functions

with oil skimming capability, to the and 11 missions. We don't know Gulf and we were also fortunate where, or when, the next to receive global assistance.” earthquake or hurricane will As Admiral Papp explains, “The The Coast Guard's broad happen, but we know they will, Coast Guard has pre-designated responsibility for environmental and we need to be able to each Captain of the Port as the protection includes environmental respond to these, just as much as federal on-scene coordinator for regulations. In the US, this we need to carry out law oil spills. This is the person who requires constant balancing of enforcement activities or keep up initiates the immediate response federal laws with specific with our regulatory and represents all federal concerns and needs of each responsibilities,” he says.government agencies for the state. Then, consideration of the response activities. Of course, the interests of industry, including Deepwater Horizon tragedy international commerce, as well quickly challenged the resources “At the same time,” Admiral Papp as environmental groups seems and capabilities of the Gulf Coast adds, “what keeps me up at night to place the Coast Guard in an based captains of the port, sector is ensuring our future capabilities. untenable position. “This just offices, and even the Eighth coast Today, the Coast Guard has 12 underlines the importance for us guard district. However, we 378-foot high endurance cutters to be the fair arbiter of all of these practice for these difficulties and 14 210-foot medium issues with industry, routinely and had, in fact, just endurance cutters that are over environmental groups, and drilled for a spill of national 40 years old. Our 270-foot states,” responds Admiral Papp.significance in March 2010. When medium endurance cutters are

the rig exploded and caught fire, over 20 years old. It is becoming our immediate priority was search more expensive and difficult to and rescue. Sadly, 11 men lost maintain these assets at the their lives on that tragic day, but The Coast Guard also issues proper reliability and availability together with commercial (Coast Guard Commandant Admiral regulations to ensure maritime levels.resources, we rescued 115 Bob Papp listens as Senior Chief Petty safety. As Admiral Papp notes, people. Officer Greg Roberts provides a “To be sure, we have prescriptive

“We need a programmed situation brief at the Deepwater regulations, such as many of the approach, and funding, to replace Horizon incident command post in lifesaving and fire protection “Although the earliest indications these assets. Clearly, the Coast Houma, LA, June 9, 2010. Photos: regulations, but we are moving were that this was mainly a fire Guard needs this and I also want Petty Officer 2nd Class Patrick Kelley more towards performance based and explosion, almost to point out that a recapitalisation and Petty Officer 3rd Class Caleb regulations.simultaneously, the Coast Guard programme will lead to a more Critchfield)

launched the casualty and spill vibrant shipbuilding and repair response. We established “A good example is the ballast industry and jobs.”incident command centres in New water regulations: There is new And the Admiral's last words: the Orleans and Houma, LA, which and emerging technology for Coast Guard's motto, “Semper became the most active and ballast water treatment. Paratus,” or Always Ready.largest command centres. Then one in Mobile, AL, Houston, TX, St. Petersburg, FL, and Miami, We believe that any rigid FL. Throughout the response, we regulation would slow had an average of 7,000 people advancement of new technology, in the command centres, in boats, and more importantly, not really on the beaches, and in aircraft.” address the invasive species

Control of the response problems. So, we chose to Ultimately, the response to the equipment also had some describe what must be achieved Deepwater Horizon disaster was interesting complexities. Admiral or the performance level. I know the largest the Coast Guard had Papp continues, “The Oil some think that the technology ever faced. It required the shifting Pollution Act of 1990 rightly must be developed first, but I of needed people and assets to placed the responsibility of really don't agree that will happen the Gulf of Mexico and, for sure, maintaining response equipment reasonably quickly without a this placed additional burdens on on commercial industry within the performance standard. This is all units around the rest of the US. There are laws that require nothing new to the automobile service. Admiral Papp gives the industry to maintain sufficient industry, where manufacturers are response a grade of A for effort, response equipment in the ports. required to meet minimum but knows there are areas where

mileage performance standards the Coast Guard can improve.or build cars that withstand

Even though the Coast Guard crashes.”

could issue a special dispensation to temporarily relieve industry of this legal

Initial observations

Just drilled for a spill

Future capabilities

Towards performance based regulations

“First,” Admiral Papp begins,

“The Coast Guard and government agencies worked very well together. We were familiar with each other, our responsibilities and ways of working.

We were less familiar with the companies involved, but we quickly learned to work together. This was critically important because the expert knowledge of the deep ocean drilling technology resided within these companies.”

Improvised pipe gun to fire parachute rocket flares

Barrels on wires slung over the vessel side

Bullet holes in wheelhouse (attempted piracy 60nm off Bombay)

Always Ready

(Coast Guard Commandant Admiral Bob Papp in his Washington, DC, headquarters office).

The names of the vessel and crew mentioned in this report are Piracynot given to protect the identity of the crew who fear that their actions may be frowned upon by their vessel owners, cargo (An anonymous opinion owners, brokers, charterers, -by a crew member)lawyers, P & I Clubs, Flag States, IMO, UNO Coalition forces...with I recently visited a small tanker in these people up against them (the the Indian Ocean and saw crew) one wonders how they have firsthand what these poor souls time to worry about the Pirates!(the crew) have to endure. From

these photographs one can these innocent 'civilian' vessel clearly see the bullet holes in the operators may simply be put to bridge wing area. The RPG fired death by their captors as upon them apparently (luckily) retribution?flew over the top of the wheelhouse! The attempt to take The Chinese and Russian Navy the vessel was thwarted by the appear to be the most effectual to crew. date, in that they position a frigate at the front and rear of a convoy and deploy at least 4 armed British shipowners are lobbying to guards on to every vessel in the stop a change in the rules convoy...none of these vessels governing one of the most have been taken. emotive subjects in the maritime world - salvage fees. The US and European forces complain that they cannot help Proposals to pay salvage firms for while the pirates are in the water averting environmental damage as they may merely be fishermen are on the agenda. The £300m-a-

year salvage business revolves (with RPGs?) and that once the around London because of the pirates are on the vessel it is then role of the Lloyd's insurance a hostage situation and the forces The crew (although not allowed to market. The International Salvage cannot intervene for fear of be armed) have taken to Union (ISU), also based in the hurting the crew (who are deploying razor wire all around City, favours the change, but probably being beaten by the the ship, hanging 45 gallon oil shipowners in Britain and abroad pirates at that time) and that they barrels over the side (which are resisting any widening of the can only intervene in the period bounce around in the water basis on which salvage firms are that the pirates are boarding the deterring the small skiffs from paid. 'We feel the 1989 Salvage vessel...seems a little complicated approaching with their 'window Convention is working well and and political, the end result cleaner' step ladders) and building we do not wish to see any normally being that they improvised pipe guns which shoot change,' said an industry source. effectively do nothing.pyrotechnics (safety rocket flares)

with surprising accuracy at the 'Altering the convention could Finally, whilst money is being assailants. This particular vessel mean confusion and litigation. An made by the many 'private army had the engine room hatch international convention should escort' companies and the welded shut and the common give certainty.' Salvage operators ransoms are being paid there is steering access fortified. As a last are paid ten to 12 per cent of the probably no real incentive to stop resort the crew would barricade

Admiral Bob Papp, 24th value of the ship and the goods this nightmare for the crew.themselves in to the steering Commandant of the US Coast on board. But the ISU says compartment and steer the vessel Guard, has a crystal clear idea of change is needed to make it to an area that was known to what his organisation does.worthwhile for salvage firms to have coalition forces around. This

attend where the value of a vessel “We ensure the safety, security was possible because of stored and cargo may be low but the and stewardship of our ports, provisions, a GPS navigator and environmental damage would be waterways and coasts,” Admiral charts positioned within the high. Meanwhile, ships in UK Papp says with great confidence.steering compartment. The vessel waters would have to carry 'wreck would steer from the emergency “Or simply keeping bad things insurance' under a private steering position 'blind'! from happening to ships, bad member's Bill going through things happening to people, bad Parliament.Some say the Korean's stance is things happening to the

the way to go, however, the word environment or bad things in our Source: This is Moneyon the street is that the Pirates ports and waterways from people will now not bother with taking with bad intentions. hostages from any Korean

This guides us in achieving our 11 Flagged vessel; instead that they

main missions. I am proud to say will fire upon and kill the crew.

all 42,000 people on active duty, This may have been an option for

7,000 members of the Reserve, all security forces at the outset of

8,000 civilian employees and this saga but with over 700+

30,000 Auxiliary volunteers know crewmen and a multitude of

these and individually how they vessels now being held by the

contribute to our missions.”pirates, if this stance is now taken

A thought for our 'civilian' Marine(r)s…

Ship-owners mutiny over salvage fees

DNV – FORUM (http://www.dnv.com/resources/publications/dnv_forum/2011)

The US Coast Guard response to the Deepwater Horizon catastrophe was the largest US Coast Guard response ever undertaken.

If you had a $10 billion operating budget to carry out 11 main missions for the United States, ranging from maritime safety, marine security, environmental protection and ice operations to drug enforcement, migrant interdiction and aids to navigation, could you plainly and concisely answer the question: “What do you do?”

pg 3

However, when you consider that obligation, and there was a strong Finally, when asked about his the Coast Guard's jurisdiction will and desire of industry to shift biggest challenge and what keeps So while the response is still covers 3.4 million square miles of response equipment to the Gulf, him awake at night, Admiral Papp being evaluated and there will be US waters, these financial and the Coast Guard could not grounds his thoughts on the three recommended changes, he does human resources seem rather temporarily remove the main functions of the Coast have a couple of initial undersized. The Deepwater contractual requirements that Guard: maritime safety, security observations.Horizon disaster, though, is a each response company had to and stewardship.good case in how the Coast keep that equipment available “My biggest challenge is to make Guard effectively uses flexible locally. The Coast Guard did shift sure that the Coast Guard has an people, assets and authority to 12 buoy tenders, which are the adequate number and balance of meet any challenge. only government owned vessels resources for our main functions

with oil skimming capability, to the and 11 missions. We don't know Gulf and we were also fortunate where, or when, the next to receive global assistance.” earthquake or hurricane will As Admiral Papp explains, “The The Coast Guard's broad happen, but we know they will, Coast Guard has pre-designated responsibility for environmental and we need to be able to each Captain of the Port as the protection includes environmental respond to these, just as much as federal on-scene coordinator for regulations. In the US, this we need to carry out law oil spills. This is the person who requires constant balancing of enforcement activities or keep up initiates the immediate response federal laws with specific with our regulatory and represents all federal concerns and needs of each responsibilities,” he says.government agencies for the state. Then, consideration of the response activities. Of course, the interests of industry, including Deepwater Horizon tragedy international commerce, as well quickly challenged the resources “At the same time,” Admiral Papp as environmental groups seems and capabilities of the Gulf Coast adds, “what keeps me up at night to place the Coast Guard in an based captains of the port, sector is ensuring our future capabilities. untenable position. “This just offices, and even the Eighth coast Today, the Coast Guard has 12 underlines the importance for us guard district. However, we 378-foot high endurance cutters to be the fair arbiter of all of these practice for these difficulties and 14 210-foot medium issues with industry, routinely and had, in fact, just endurance cutters that are over environmental groups, and drilled for a spill of national 40 years old. Our 270-foot states,” responds Admiral Papp.significance in March 2010. When medium endurance cutters are

the rig exploded and caught fire, over 20 years old. It is becoming our immediate priority was search more expensive and difficult to and rescue. Sadly, 11 men lost maintain these assets at the their lives on that tragic day, but The Coast Guard also issues proper reliability and availability together with commercial (Coast Guard Commandant Admiral regulations to ensure maritime levels.resources, we rescued 115 Bob Papp listens as Senior Chief Petty safety. As Admiral Papp notes, people. Officer Greg Roberts provides a “To be sure, we have prescriptive

“We need a programmed situation brief at the Deepwater regulations, such as many of the approach, and funding, to replace Horizon incident command post in lifesaving and fire protection “Although the earliest indications these assets. Clearly, the Coast Houma, LA, June 9, 2010. Photos: regulations, but we are moving were that this was mainly a fire Guard needs this and I also want Petty Officer 2nd Class Patrick Kelley more towards performance based and explosion, almost to point out that a recapitalisation and Petty Officer 3rd Class Caleb regulations.simultaneously, the Coast Guard programme will lead to a more Critchfield)

launched the casualty and spill vibrant shipbuilding and repair response. We established “A good example is the ballast industry and jobs.”incident command centres in New water regulations: There is new And the Admiral's last words: the Orleans and Houma, LA, which and emerging technology for Coast Guard's motto, “Semper became the most active and ballast water treatment. Paratus,” or Always Ready.largest command centres. Then one in Mobile, AL, Houston, TX, St. Petersburg, FL, and Miami, We believe that any rigid FL. Throughout the response, we regulation would slow had an average of 7,000 people advancement of new technology, in the command centres, in boats, and more importantly, not really on the beaches, and in aircraft.” address the invasive species

Control of the response problems. So, we chose to Ultimately, the response to the equipment also had some describe what must be achieved Deepwater Horizon disaster was interesting complexities. Admiral or the performance level. I know the largest the Coast Guard had Papp continues, “The Oil some think that the technology ever faced. It required the shifting Pollution Act of 1990 rightly must be developed first, but I of needed people and assets to placed the responsibility of really don't agree that will happen the Gulf of Mexico and, for sure, maintaining response equipment reasonably quickly without a this placed additional burdens on on commercial industry within the performance standard. This is all units around the rest of the US. There are laws that require nothing new to the automobile service. Admiral Papp gives the industry to maintain sufficient industry, where manufacturers are response a grade of A for effort, response equipment in the ports. required to meet minimum but knows there are areas where

mileage performance standards the Coast Guard can improve.or build cars that withstand

Even though the Coast Guard crashes.”

could issue a special dispensation to temporarily relieve industry of this legal

Initial observations

Just drilled for a spill

Future capabilities

Towards performance based regulations

“First,” Admiral Papp begins,

“The Coast Guard and government agencies worked very well together. We were familiar with each other, our responsibilities and ways of working.

We were less familiar with the companies involved, but we quickly learned to work together. This was critically important because the expert knowledge of the deep ocean drilling technology resided within these companies.”

Improvised pipe gun to fire parachute rocket flares

Barrels on wires slung over the vessel side

Bullet holes in wheelhouse (attempted piracy 60nm off Bombay)

Always Ready

(Coast Guard Commandant Admiral Bob Papp in his Washington, DC, headquarters office).

31 March 2011(Fraud)Precious Metal

AFP

Scrapped Euro Coin Scam Costs Bundesbank Millions

Bundesbank and exchanged them for cash.

Eagle-Eyed Customs Official

According to a statement by the Frankfurt public prosecutors, the . An alleged scam has been German Bundesbank is the only discovered, involving the place in Europe which exchanges reconstruction of previously damaged coins for free. The bank "destroyed" euro coins, according accepts such coins in bags to German authorities.containing up to €1,000 worth of coins. They are weighed rather

German prosecutors have than counted and only periodically

uncovered a 6 million euro checked.

scam involving reconstituted euro coins that had been sold

Contrary to initial news reports, to China as scrap metal. One

prosecutors say that no and two euro coins were then

Bundesbank employees are brought back to Germany,

suspected of being involved in the some via Lufthansa airline

scam. employees, and traded in at the central bank.

Authorities estimate the group was able to exchange 29 tons of

German investigators say they reconstituted coins between 2007

have discovered a massive and 2010. In raids on Wednesday,

scandal involving the officials seized laptops,

reintroduction of euro coins that documents and a machine for

had been taken out of circulation pressing coins together.

and sold as scrap to China. The scheme, said to have cost

According to the German tabloid Germany's Central Bank €6

Bild, the scam was only million ($8.5 million), involved

uncovered after a customs officer airline employees -- including

noticed an airline flight attendant Lufthansa flight attendants.

struggling with heavy luggage. On Wednesday, authorities

When it was opened, officials searched homes, businesses and

found thousands of €1 and €2 offices, including those belonging

coins inside, Bild reported. to Lufthansa workers. Six people were arrested, according to public prosecutors in Frankfurt.

The scam was not complicated. Every year, tons of damaged euro coins are taken out of circulation, "destroyed," and then sold as scrap metal. Often, however, one and two euro coins are merely separated into their component parts -- the inner core and outer rings -- prior to delivery to scrap metal dealers in China.

A group in China would simply reassemble the coins. The criminals paid four airline employees, who have no weight restrictions on their baggage, to ferry the money back to Germany. They then took the coins to the

The master / pilot relationshipand passage planning

(Compliments NoE P&I (NEPIA)

The master / pilot relationship is one of those great unwritten topics which almost defies comprehension in our modern world, where everything has to be documented to the nth degree and where no latitude is permissible in any shape or form.

How this relationship develops and how the joint passage plans of the master and pilot evolve is crucial to the safe and timely arrival of a ship. Remarkably, very little is set down beyond a few paragraphs in IMO recommendations and a few thousand years of history. If there is one word that summarises the Master and pilot will meet only a master / pilot relationship it is few minutes before embarking on 'trust'. the most hazardous part of a In ancient times, Jason took a ship's voyage. This would seem pilot to travel through the Turkish on the face of it a recipe for Straits with his Argonauts and few disaster, yet every year millions of would doubt his wisdom today, acts of pilotage are carried out watching the terrifying array of around the world without incident. vessels all on seemingly It is interesting to ruminate on conflicting courses as they career whether it would be possible to past Istanbul. set up such a system from scratch

in today's increasingly litigious The trust that masters and pilots society. The fact is that the have to show each other is system endures because it works.unique. They are both plunged within minutesinto a symbiotic relationship: each Even before pilots board a ship must trust that the other can they are already making deliver what they say. The master judgements about what they will has to believe that the pilot will find. Most pilots will say that they bring excellent local knowledge can tell with 90% accuracy what and ship-handling skills and the they will find on the bridge simply pilot will want to believe that the by the state of the ladder, master has a well-found vessel paintwork and reception at the with all equipment and machinery gangway, even before the ascent working well and an alert and to the bridge.responsive crew.

Initial impressions

Pilot boarding grounds can be This would cover traffic that might The successful completion of the congested places where ships be encountered, the initial exchange should lead to a still have way on when characteristics and use of tugs harmonious passage, but much approaching the fairway. Masters and, ultimately, if the worse depends on the personal for their part have IMO happens and there is machinery investment that both master and requirements for berth passage failure, how to deal with this. pilot put into this. The subsequent planning. conduct of the vessel by the pilot

Much of what takes place during and the situational awareness This is a somewhat difficult the master / pilot exchange is pre- displayed by the crew all flow concept to adhere to rigidly, processed in written form ahead from this very delicate seed that because masters may well not of the face-to-face meeting. Ships is planted right at the beginning of know which berth they are going provide cards with data to a the process. Repeatedly accident to or, in some cases, even which standard format and many pilots reports refer to the failure to get port. will bring on board a chartlet the initial exchange carried out In today's world, it is not unusual showing the general passage satisfactorily as the root cause of for ships undergoing international arrangements to be undertaken. subsequent problems during the voyages to be unclear as to even passage.which country they will finally Pilotage is a very valuable layer discharge at. of insurance which the shipping The pilot is bound by other IMO industry has long enjoyed. But, requirements to provide a draft like most insurance, unless it is passage plan which inevitably well-written and planned ahead, it contains more intricate detail that has little value if problems arise.a master could not be expected to be aware of. Indeed, this is one of The Association is very grateful to the pilot's prime functions - to Nick Cutmore, Secretary General provide detailed local data. of the International Maritime

Pilots' Association, for writing this Likewise, a master will be article. Website: considering the nature of the pilot www.internationalpilots.orgwho has been sent to him based The master / pilot exchange is on the promptness of the therefore absolutely critical to the communications from the pilot successful outcome of this part of station and the efficacy of the pilot the voyage and never is the launch. axiom 'fail to plan, plan to fail' When the two meet on the bridge more true.for the first time, everything has to The master / pilot exchange will gel very quickly and there will be of course be further complicated many factors which impinge on by issues of language: if the how successful this process is. master and pilot do not share a The more obvious factors, such native language then they will use as the presentation of each party, English. Obviously if pilots speak will be subtly affected by issues to VTS, tugs, linemen on passage such as age, gender and they will have to summarise what nationality. they have said in local tongue to

the master because, throughout the passage, it is essential that the bridge team are there both to

Very quickly both master and pilot support and to monitor the pilot.will have to merge their respective passage plans into a As part of the passage-planning composite plan on which action process, there has to be will have to be taken almost consideration of a number of immediately. events that might take place and

how they should be tackled.

Master / pilot exchange

Passage planning

announced it would start a seven- (Reuters) - The world's day countdown on October 24 population is projected to pass 7 that would include a series of billion on October 31, 2011 as it events. The world reached 6 heads toward 10 billion or more billion people in 1998 and was by the end of the century, a new 6.89 on July 1, 2010.U.N. report said today. The report, "2010 Revision of The report also predicted that the World Population Prospects," global population would be higher projected there would be 10.1 by mid-century (2050) than its last billion people on the planet by edition forecast two years ago, 2100, the first time it has looked reaching 9.31 billion instead of that far ahead. But it said that if 9.15 billion. It attributed this to global fertility was just half a child fewer deaths as well as more more per woman than it births than it had anticipated. expected, that figure could be The October date for reaching the almost 16 billion.7 billion mark is based on U.N. officials said their figures calculations from current trends were based on the assumption and Hania Zlotnik, head of the that fertility would taper off during U.N. economic department's the century.population division, said it should But Zlotnik told a news be taken "with a grain of salt." conference, "Stabilisation of the Nevertheless, the United Nations population doesn't seem to us as Population Fund (UNFPA) very probable at this moment."

Nations face a delicate balance between high fertility and booming populations, which strain food and other resources, and low fertility, which leads to aging populations and stress on social services, as some European states are already finding."All countries are going to age if their populations are not to explode even more than they are exploding now," Zlotnik said.Another U.N. official, told the news conference that China's population, currently about 1.34 billion, would drop back below 1b by 2100. Russia's population would fall from 143 million now to 126m by 2050 and 111m in 2100.-

Some cause happiness wherever They never open their mouths She said, "If you were my they go; others, whenever they without subtracting from the sum husband, I'd give you poison."go. - Oscar Wilde of human knowledge. He said, "If you were my wife, I'd

- Thomas Brackett Reed drink it.”He loves nature in spite of what it did to him. - Forrest Tucker He has Van Gogh's ear for A member of Parliament to

music. - Billy Wilder Disraeli: "Sir, you will either die I've had a perfectly wonderful on the gallows or of some evening. But this wasn't it. There's nothing wrong with you unspeakable disease.”

- Groucho Marx that reincarnation won't cure.- Jack E. Leonard "That depends, Sir," said Disraeli,

He uses statistics as a drunken "whether I embrace your policies man uses lamp-posts ... For “A modest little person, with or your mistress."support rather than illumination. much to be modest about." - Andrew Lang (1844-1912) - Winston Churchill

He has the attention span of a The exchange between Churchill lightning bolt. - Robert Redford & Lady Astor:

pg 5

I have never killed a man, but I I've just learned about his illness. any man I know." have read many obituaries with Let's hope it's nothing trivial. - Abraham Lincolngreat pleasure. - Irvin S. Cobb

- Clarence Darrow In order to avoid being called a He's not only dull himself; he is flirt, she always yielded easily.

He has no enemies, but is the cause of dullness in others. - Charles, Count Talleyrandintensely disliked by his friends. - Samuel Johnson

- Oscar Wilde Why do you sit there looking like He is simply a shiver looking for an envelope without any address

I feel so miserable without you; a spine to run up. on it? - Mark Twainit's almost like having you here. - Paul Keating

- Stephen Bishop His mother should have thrown "He can compress the most him away and kept the stork.

words into the smallest idea of - Mae West

These insults are from an era before the English language got boiled down to boring 4-letter word. When writers and speakers pondered upon words and weighed each of them before making a sentence. Meticulous in execution.

World population to pass 7 billion on October 31: U.N.

31 March 2011(Fraud)Precious Metal

AFP

Scrapped Euro Coin Scam Costs Bundesbank Millions

Bundesbank and exchanged them for cash.

Eagle-Eyed Customs Official

According to a statement by the Frankfurt public prosecutors, the . An alleged scam has been German Bundesbank is the only discovered, involving the place in Europe which exchanges reconstruction of previously damaged coins for free. The bank "destroyed" euro coins, according accepts such coins in bags to German authorities.containing up to €1,000 worth of coins. They are weighed rather

German prosecutors have than counted and only periodically

uncovered a 6 million euro checked.

scam involving reconstituted euro coins that had been sold

Contrary to initial news reports, to China as scrap metal. One

prosecutors say that no and two euro coins were then

Bundesbank employees are brought back to Germany,

suspected of being involved in the some via Lufthansa airline

scam. employees, and traded in at the central bank.

Authorities estimate the group was able to exchange 29 tons of

German investigators say they reconstituted coins between 2007

have discovered a massive and 2010. In raids on Wednesday,

scandal involving the officials seized laptops,

reintroduction of euro coins that documents and a machine for

had been taken out of circulation pressing coins together.

and sold as scrap to China. The scheme, said to have cost

According to the German tabloid Germany's Central Bank €6

Bild, the scam was only million ($8.5 million), involved

uncovered after a customs officer airline employees -- including

noticed an airline flight attendant Lufthansa flight attendants.

struggling with heavy luggage. On Wednesday, authorities

When it was opened, officials searched homes, businesses and

found thousands of €1 and €2 offices, including those belonging

coins inside, Bild reported. to Lufthansa workers. Six people were arrested, according to public prosecutors in Frankfurt.

The scam was not complicated. Every year, tons of damaged euro coins are taken out of circulation, "destroyed," and then sold as scrap metal. Often, however, one and two euro coins are merely separated into their component parts -- the inner core and outer rings -- prior to delivery to scrap metal dealers in China.

A group in China would simply reassemble the coins. The criminals paid four airline employees, who have no weight restrictions on their baggage, to ferry the money back to Germany. They then took the coins to the

The master / pilot relationshipand passage planning

(Compliments NoE P&I (NEPIA)

The master / pilot relationship is one of those great unwritten topics which almost defies comprehension in our modern world, where everything has to be documented to the nth degree and where no latitude is permissible in any shape or form.

How this relationship develops and how the joint passage plans of the master and pilot evolve is crucial to the safe and timely arrival of a ship. Remarkably, very little is set down beyond a few paragraphs in IMO recommendations and a few thousand years of history. If there is one word that summarises the Master and pilot will meet only a master / pilot relationship it is few minutes before embarking on 'trust'. the most hazardous part of a In ancient times, Jason took a ship's voyage. This would seem pilot to travel through the Turkish on the face of it a recipe for Straits with his Argonauts and few disaster, yet every year millions of would doubt his wisdom today, acts of pilotage are carried out watching the terrifying array of around the world without incident. vessels all on seemingly It is interesting to ruminate on conflicting courses as they career whether it would be possible to past Istanbul. set up such a system from scratch

in today's increasingly litigious The trust that masters and pilots society. The fact is that the have to show each other is system endures because it works.unique. They are both plunged within minutesinto a symbiotic relationship: each Even before pilots board a ship must trust that the other can they are already making deliver what they say. The master judgements about what they will has to believe that the pilot will find. Most pilots will say that they bring excellent local knowledge can tell with 90% accuracy what and ship-handling skills and the they will find on the bridge simply pilot will want to believe that the by the state of the ladder, master has a well-found vessel paintwork and reception at the with all equipment and machinery gangway, even before the ascent working well and an alert and to the bridge.responsive crew.

Initial impressions

Pilot boarding grounds can be This would cover traffic that might The successful completion of the congested places where ships be encountered, the initial exchange should lead to a still have way on when characteristics and use of tugs harmonious passage, but much approaching the fairway. Masters and, ultimately, if the worse depends on the personal for their part have IMO happens and there is machinery investment that both master and requirements for berth passage failure, how to deal with this. pilot put into this. The subsequent planning. conduct of the vessel by the pilot

Much of what takes place during and the situational awareness This is a somewhat difficult the master / pilot exchange is pre- displayed by the crew all flow concept to adhere to rigidly, processed in written form ahead from this very delicate seed that because masters may well not of the face-to-face meeting. Ships is planted right at the beginning of know which berth they are going provide cards with data to a the process. Repeatedly accident to or, in some cases, even which standard format and many pilots reports refer to the failure to get port. will bring on board a chartlet the initial exchange carried out In today's world, it is not unusual showing the general passage satisfactorily as the root cause of for ships undergoing international arrangements to be undertaken. subsequent problems during the voyages to be unclear as to even passage.which country they will finally Pilotage is a very valuable layer discharge at. of insurance which the shipping The pilot is bound by other IMO industry has long enjoyed. But, requirements to provide a draft like most insurance, unless it is passage plan which inevitably well-written and planned ahead, it contains more intricate detail that has little value if problems arise.a master could not be expected to be aware of. Indeed, this is one of The Association is very grateful to the pilot's prime functions - to Nick Cutmore, Secretary General provide detailed local data. of the International Maritime

Pilots' Association, for writing this Likewise, a master will be article. Website: considering the nature of the pilot www.internationalpilots.orgwho has been sent to him based The master / pilot exchange is on the promptness of the therefore absolutely critical to the communications from the pilot successful outcome of this part of station and the efficacy of the pilot the voyage and never is the launch. axiom 'fail to plan, plan to fail' When the two meet on the bridge more true.for the first time, everything has to The master / pilot exchange will gel very quickly and there will be of course be further complicated many factors which impinge on by issues of language: if the how successful this process is. master and pilot do not share a The more obvious factors, such native language then they will use as the presentation of each party, English. Obviously if pilots speak will be subtly affected by issues to VTS, tugs, linemen on passage such as age, gender and they will have to summarise what nationality. they have said in local tongue to

the master because, throughout the passage, it is essential that the bridge team are there both to

Very quickly both master and pilot support and to monitor the pilot.will have to merge their respective passage plans into a As part of the passage-planning composite plan on which action process, there has to be will have to be taken almost consideration of a number of immediately. events that might take place and

how they should be tackled.

Master / pilot exchange

Passage planning

announced it would start a seven- (Reuters) - The world's day countdown on October 24 population is projected to pass 7 that would include a series of billion on October 31, 2011 as it events. The world reached 6 heads toward 10 billion or more billion people in 1998 and was by the end of the century, a new 6.89 on July 1, 2010.U.N. report said today. The report, "2010 Revision of The report also predicted that the World Population Prospects," global population would be higher projected there would be 10.1 by mid-century (2050) than its last billion people on the planet by edition forecast two years ago, 2100, the first time it has looked reaching 9.31 billion instead of that far ahead. But it said that if 9.15 billion. It attributed this to global fertility was just half a child fewer deaths as well as more more per woman than it births than it had anticipated. expected, that figure could be The October date for reaching the almost 16 billion.7 billion mark is based on U.N. officials said their figures calculations from current trends were based on the assumption and Hania Zlotnik, head of the that fertility would taper off during U.N. economic department's the century.population division, said it should But Zlotnik told a news be taken "with a grain of salt." conference, "Stabilisation of the Nevertheless, the United Nations population doesn't seem to us as Population Fund (UNFPA) very probable at this moment."

Nations face a delicate balance between high fertility and booming populations, which strain food and other resources, and low fertility, which leads to aging populations and stress on social services, as some European states are already finding."All countries are going to age if their populations are not to explode even more than they are exploding now," Zlotnik said.Another U.N. official, told the news conference that China's population, currently about 1.34 billion, would drop back below 1b by 2100. Russia's population would fall from 143 million now to 126m by 2050 and 111m in 2100.-

Some cause happiness wherever They never open their mouths She said, "If you were my they go; others, whenever they without subtracting from the sum husband, I'd give you poison."go. - Oscar Wilde of human knowledge. He said, "If you were my wife, I'd

- Thomas Brackett Reed drink it.”He loves nature in spite of what it did to him. - Forrest Tucker He has Van Gogh's ear for A member of Parliament to

music. - Billy Wilder Disraeli: "Sir, you will either die I've had a perfectly wonderful on the gallows or of some evening. But this wasn't it. There's nothing wrong with you unspeakable disease.”

- Groucho Marx that reincarnation won't cure.- Jack E. Leonard "That depends, Sir," said Disraeli,

He uses statistics as a drunken "whether I embrace your policies man uses lamp-posts ... For “A modest little person, with or your mistress."support rather than illumination. much to be modest about." - Andrew Lang (1844-1912) - Winston Churchill

He has the attention span of a The exchange between Churchill lightning bolt. - Robert Redford & Lady Astor:

pg 5

I have never killed a man, but I I've just learned about his illness. any man I know." have read many obituaries with Let's hope it's nothing trivial. - Abraham Lincolngreat pleasure. - Irvin S. Cobb

- Clarence Darrow In order to avoid being called a He's not only dull himself; he is flirt, she always yielded easily.

He has no enemies, but is the cause of dullness in others. - Charles, Count Talleyrandintensely disliked by his friends. - Samuel Johnson

- Oscar Wilde Why do you sit there looking like He is simply a shiver looking for an envelope without any address

I feel so miserable without you; a spine to run up. on it? - Mark Twainit's almost like having you here. - Paul Keating

- Stephen Bishop His mother should have thrown "He can compress the most him away and kept the stork.

words into the smallest idea of - Mae West

These insults are from an era before the English language got boiled down to boring 4-letter word. When writers and speakers pondered upon words and weighed each of them before making a sentence. Meticulous in execution.

World population to pass 7 billion on October 31: U.N.

Pascal Bruckner

The Western cult of happiness is a mirthless enterprise.

Winter 2011 n August 21, 1670, Jacques

Bossuet, the bishop of Meaux and official preacher to the court of Louis XIV, pronounced the eulogy for Princess Henrietta of England before the Prince of Condé. The Duchess of Orléans had died at 26 after drinking a glass of chicory that may have been poisoned. At the threshold of death, the young woman had called on priests rather than doctors, embraced the crucifix, asked for the holy sacraments, and cried out to God.

The wonder of death, Bossuet exclaimed, citing Saint Anthony, was that “for the Christian, it does not put an end to life but rather to the sins and perils to which life is exposed. God abbreviates our temptations along with our days; But Christianity, which inherited and better master his future. became the order of the day for he thus sets a limit to occasions the notion from Greek and Latin People stopped listening to those progressive movements across that might cost us true, eternal writers, changed it with a view to who justified suffering as the will Europe. It is true that in the early life; for this world is nothing but transcendence: man's concern of God. If I could relieve pain twentieth century, the Bolsheviks our common exile.” The good here below must be not joy but simply by ingesting some curiously rehabilitated the death was a door opened on salvation. Christ alone redeems substance, there was no need to Christian ideal of sacrifice by eternity, a passage to that “true, us from original sin and puts us have recourse to prayer to feel exhorting the proletariat to fight eternal life.” In this life, by on the path to divine truth. better. and work until the great coming of contrast, agony was expected. the Revolution; ironically, Is it possible to imagine an All earthly pleasures, according to The new conception of happiness asceticism returned within a attitude toward happiness and the Christian authors, are but was captured in a phrase of doctrine that denounced religion living further from our own? phantoms from the point of view Voltaire's in 1736: as the opiate of the masses and

of celestial beatitude. To wish for that relentlessly persecuted otwithstanding the Jacobin earthly happiness would be a sin Voltaire was, of course, priests, pastors, and believers

leader Saint-Just's famous against the Spirit; the passing pursued by the Church and the wherever it took power. remark, happiness was never “a pleasures of mortals are nothing monarchy; he was threatened new idea in Europe.” In fact, it compared with the hell that awaits with death, and his writings were But overall, throughout the was the oldest of ideas, defended sinners who pant after them. burned. But his proposition twentieth century, hedonism's by the ancients and pondered by deserves attention. If paradise is claims grew ever stronger under the great philosophical schools. This rigorous conception gave here where I am, then happiness the influence of Freudianism,

way over the centuries to a more is here and now, not yesterday, in feminism, and the avant-garde in accommodating view of life. The an age for which I might be art and politics.eighteenth century saw the rise of nostalgic, and even less in some n the 1960s, two major shifts new techniques that improved hypothetical future. In this transformed the right to happiness agricultural production; it upheaval of temporal into the duty of happiness. The also saw new medicines- perspectives, poverty and distress first was a shift in the nature of

in particular, alkaloids lose all legitimacy, and the whole capitalism, which had long and salicylic acid, an work of enlightened nations revolved around production and ancestor of aspirin becomes eliminating them the deferral of gratification, but whose curative and through education and reason, now focused on making us all analgesic properties and eventually science and good consumers. Working no worked wonders. industry. Human misfortune would longer sufficed; buying was also

be rendered an archaic residue. necessary for the industrial Suddenly, this world After the American and French machine to run at full capacity. To was no longer Revolutions (the first of which make this shift possible, an condemned to be a vale inscribed the pursuit of happiness ingenious invention had appeared

of tears; man now had in its founding document), the not long before, first in America in the power to reduce right to a decent life and the the 1930s and then in Europe in hunger, ameliorate illness, privileged status of pleasure the 1950s: credit. In an earlier

Condemned to Joy

“Earthly paradise is here where I am.”

O

N

I

pg 7

time, anyone who wanted to buy The statistics that it publicizes The domain a car, some furniture, or a house and the models that it holds up of therapy followed a rule that now seems produce a new race of guilty tends to almost unknown: he waited, parties, no longer sybarites or annex setting aside his nickels and libertines but killjoys. Sadness is everything dimes. But credit changed the disease of a society of that once everything; frustration became obligatory well-being that pena- belonged tointolerable and satisfaction lizes those who do not attain it. the art of living normal; to do without seemed well. Food, for absurd. We would live well in the example, is divided present and pay back later. not into good and bad

but into healthy and unhealthy. Today, we're all aware of the ow that it has become the excesses that resulted from this The appropriate prevails over the horizon of our democracies, a system, since the financial tasty, the carefully measured matter of ceaseless work and meltdown in the United States over the irregular. effort, happiness is surrounded by was the direct consequence of The dinner table becomes a anxiety. We feel compelled to be too many people living on credit, kind of pharmacy counter where saved constantly from what we to the point of borrowing fat and calories are weighed, are, poisoning our own existence hundreds of times the real value where one conscientiously chews with all kinds of impossible of their possessions. Thus happiness becomes not foods that are hardly more than commandments. Our hedonism is

only the biggest industry of the medications. Wine must be drunk not wholesome but haunted by The second shift was the rise of age but also a new moral order. not for its taste, under this failure. However well behaved we individualism. Since nothing We now find ourselves guilty of regimen, but to strengthen the are, our bodies continue to betray opposed our fulfilment any not being well, a failing for which arteries; whole-grain bread must us. Age leaves its mark, illness longer—neither church nor party we must answer to everyone and be eaten to aid digestion; garlic finds us one way or another, and nor social class—we became to our own consciences. Consider must be bitten off raw for various pleasures have their way with us, solely responsible for what the poll, conducted by a French health reasons. following a rhythm that has happened to us. It proved an newspaper, in which 90 percent nothing to do with our vigilance or awesome burden: if I don't feel of people questioned reported Duration—holding on as long as our resolution.happy, I can blame no one but being happy. Who would dare possible—becomes an myself. admit that he is sometimes authoritative value, even if it must What is needed is a renewed

miserable and expose himself to be achieved at the cost of terrible humility. We are not the masters social opprobrium? This is the restrictions, depriving oneself of of the sources of happiness; they strange contradiction of the some of the best the world has to ever elude the appointments we happiness doctrine when it offer. From this point of view, the make with them, springing up becomes militant and takes on hunting down of smokers, now when we least expect them and the power of ancient expelled from almost all public fleeing when we would hold them taboos—though in the opposite places, looks something like a close. The excessive ambition to direction. collective exorcism, as if a whole expunge all that is weak or

society wished to absolve itself of broken in body or mind, to control having once found pleasure in moods and states of soul, cigarettes. In France, photos of sadness, chagrin, moments of Jean-Paul Sartre and the young emptiness—all this runs up Jacques Chirac holding cigarettes against our finitude, against the

So it was no surprise that a vast Whatever method is chosen, have been retouched to eliminate inertia of the human species, number of fulfilment industries whether psychic, somatic, the offending objects—just as the which we cannot manipulate like arose, ranging from cosmetic chemical, spiritual, or computer- Soviet empire used to do with some raw material. We have the surgery to diet pills to based, we find the same banished leaders. power to avoid or to heal certain innumerable styles of therapy, all assumption everywhere: evils, yes, but we cannot order promising reconciliation with beatitude is within your grasp, Yet by trying to remove every happiness as if it were a meal in a ourselves and full realization of and you have only to take anomaly, every failing, we end up restaurant.our potential. “Become your own advantage of “positive denying what is in fact the main best friend, learn self-esteem, conditioning” (in the Dalai Lama's benefit of health: indifference to The Western cult of happiness is think positive, dare to live in words) in order to attain it. We oneself, what a great surgeon indeed a strange adventure, harmony,” we were told by so have come to believe that the will once called “the silence of the something like a collective many self-help books, though can readily establish its power organs.” intoxication. In the guise of their very number suggested that over mental states, regulate emancipation, it transforms a high these were not such easy tasks. moods, and make contentment ideal into its opposite.

the fruit of a personal decision.The idea of fulfilment, though the his belief in our ability to will Condemned to joy, we must be successor to a more demanding ourselves happy also lies behind happy or lose all standing in ethic, became a demand itself. the contemporary obsession with society. It is not a question of The dominant order no longer health. knowing whether we are more or condemns us to privation; it offers less happy than our ancestors; us paths to self-realization with a What is health, correctly our conception of the thing itself kind of maternal solicitude. understood, but a kind of has changed, and we are This generosity is by no means permission we receive to live in probably the first society in history liberation in every respect. In fact, peace with our bodies and to let Health has its martyrs, its to make people unhappy for not a kind of charitable coercion ourselves be carefree? These pioneers, its heroes and saints. being happy.engenders the malaise from days, though, we are required to Sickness and health become which it then strives to deliver us. resist our mortality as far as harder to distinguish, to the point Pascal Bruckner is a French

possible. that we risk creating a society of writer and philosopher. His article hypochondriacs. was translated by Alexis Cornel.

Happiness is no longer a matter of chance or a heavenly gift, an amazing grace that blesses our monotonous days. We now owe it to ourselves to be happy, and we are expected to display our happiness far and wide.

To enjoy was once forbidden; from now on, it's obligatory.

Everyone must today be saved from something—from hypertension, from imperfect digestion, from a tendency to gain weight. One is never thin enough, fit enough, strong enough.

T

N

Pascal Bruckner

The Western cult of happiness is a mirthless enterprise.

Winter 2011 n August 21, 1670, Jacques

Bossuet, the bishop of Meaux and official preacher to the court of Louis XIV, pronounced the eulogy for Princess Henrietta of England before the Prince of Condé. The Duchess of Orléans had died at 26 after drinking a glass of chicory that may have been poisoned. At the threshold of death, the young woman had called on priests rather than doctors, embraced the crucifix, asked for the holy sacraments, and cried out to God.

The wonder of death, Bossuet exclaimed, citing Saint Anthony, was that “for the Christian, it does not put an end to life but rather to the sins and perils to which life is exposed. God abbreviates our temptations along with our days; But Christianity, which inherited and better master his future. became the order of the day for he thus sets a limit to occasions the notion from Greek and Latin People stopped listening to those progressive movements across that might cost us true, eternal writers, changed it with a view to who justified suffering as the will Europe. It is true that in the early life; for this world is nothing but transcendence: man's concern of God. If I could relieve pain twentieth century, the Bolsheviks our common exile.” The good here below must be not joy but simply by ingesting some curiously rehabilitated the death was a door opened on salvation. Christ alone redeems substance, there was no need to Christian ideal of sacrifice by eternity, a passage to that “true, us from original sin and puts us have recourse to prayer to feel exhorting the proletariat to fight eternal life.” In this life, by on the path to divine truth. better. and work until the great coming of contrast, agony was expected. the Revolution; ironically, Is it possible to imagine an All earthly pleasures, according to The new conception of happiness asceticism returned within a attitude toward happiness and the Christian authors, are but was captured in a phrase of doctrine that denounced religion living further from our own? phantoms from the point of view Voltaire's in 1736: as the opiate of the masses and

of celestial beatitude. To wish for that relentlessly persecuted otwithstanding the Jacobin earthly happiness would be a sin Voltaire was, of course, priests, pastors, and believers

leader Saint-Just's famous against the Spirit; the passing pursued by the Church and the wherever it took power. remark, happiness was never “a pleasures of mortals are nothing monarchy; he was threatened new idea in Europe.” In fact, it compared with the hell that awaits with death, and his writings were But overall, throughout the was the oldest of ideas, defended sinners who pant after them. burned. But his proposition twentieth century, hedonism's by the ancients and pondered by deserves attention. If paradise is claims grew ever stronger under the great philosophical schools. This rigorous conception gave here where I am, then happiness the influence of Freudianism,

way over the centuries to a more is here and now, not yesterday, in feminism, and the avant-garde in accommodating view of life. The an age for which I might be art and politics.eighteenth century saw the rise of nostalgic, and even less in some n the 1960s, two major shifts new techniques that improved hypothetical future. In this transformed the right to happiness agricultural production; it upheaval of temporal into the duty of happiness. The also saw new medicines- perspectives, poverty and distress first was a shift in the nature of

in particular, alkaloids lose all legitimacy, and the whole capitalism, which had long and salicylic acid, an work of enlightened nations revolved around production and ancestor of aspirin becomes eliminating them the deferral of gratification, but whose curative and through education and reason, now focused on making us all analgesic properties and eventually science and good consumers. Working no worked wonders. industry. Human misfortune would longer sufficed; buying was also

be rendered an archaic residue. necessary for the industrial Suddenly, this world After the American and French machine to run at full capacity. To was no longer Revolutions (the first of which make this shift possible, an condemned to be a vale inscribed the pursuit of happiness ingenious invention had appeared

of tears; man now had in its founding document), the not long before, first in America in the power to reduce right to a decent life and the the 1930s and then in Europe in hunger, ameliorate illness, privileged status of pleasure the 1950s: credit. In an earlier

Condemned to Joy

“Earthly paradise is here where I am.”

O

N

I

pg 7

time, anyone who wanted to buy The statistics that it publicizes The domain a car, some furniture, or a house and the models that it holds up of therapy followed a rule that now seems produce a new race of guilty tends to almost unknown: he waited, parties, no longer sybarites or annex setting aside his nickels and libertines but killjoys. Sadness is everything dimes. But credit changed the disease of a society of that once everything; frustration became obligatory well-being that pena- belonged tointolerable and satisfaction lizes those who do not attain it. the art of living normal; to do without seemed well. Food, for absurd. We would live well in the example, is divided present and pay back later. not into good and bad

but into healthy and unhealthy. Today, we're all aware of the ow that it has become the excesses that resulted from this The appropriate prevails over the horizon of our democracies, a system, since the financial tasty, the carefully measured matter of ceaseless work and meltdown in the United States over the irregular. effort, happiness is surrounded by was the direct consequence of The dinner table becomes a anxiety. We feel compelled to be too many people living on credit, kind of pharmacy counter where saved constantly from what we to the point of borrowing fat and calories are weighed, are, poisoning our own existence hundreds of times the real value where one conscientiously chews with all kinds of impossible of their possessions. Thus happiness becomes not foods that are hardly more than commandments. Our hedonism is

only the biggest industry of the medications. Wine must be drunk not wholesome but haunted by The second shift was the rise of age but also a new moral order. not for its taste, under this failure. However well behaved we individualism. Since nothing We now find ourselves guilty of regimen, but to strengthen the are, our bodies continue to betray opposed our fulfilment any not being well, a failing for which arteries; whole-grain bread must us. Age leaves its mark, illness longer—neither church nor party we must answer to everyone and be eaten to aid digestion; garlic finds us one way or another, and nor social class—we became to our own consciences. Consider must be bitten off raw for various pleasures have their way with us, solely responsible for what the poll, conducted by a French health reasons. following a rhythm that has happened to us. It proved an newspaper, in which 90 percent nothing to do with our vigilance or awesome burden: if I don't feel of people questioned reported Duration—holding on as long as our resolution.happy, I can blame no one but being happy. Who would dare possible—becomes an myself. admit that he is sometimes authoritative value, even if it must What is needed is a renewed

miserable and expose himself to be achieved at the cost of terrible humility. We are not the masters social opprobrium? This is the restrictions, depriving oneself of of the sources of happiness; they strange contradiction of the some of the best the world has to ever elude the appointments we happiness doctrine when it offer. From this point of view, the make with them, springing up becomes militant and takes on hunting down of smokers, now when we least expect them and the power of ancient expelled from almost all public fleeing when we would hold them taboos—though in the opposite places, looks something like a close. The excessive ambition to direction. collective exorcism, as if a whole expunge all that is weak or

society wished to absolve itself of broken in body or mind, to control having once found pleasure in moods and states of soul, cigarettes. In France, photos of sadness, chagrin, moments of Jean-Paul Sartre and the young emptiness—all this runs up Jacques Chirac holding cigarettes against our finitude, against the

So it was no surprise that a vast Whatever method is chosen, have been retouched to eliminate inertia of the human species, number of fulfilment industries whether psychic, somatic, the offending objects—just as the which we cannot manipulate like arose, ranging from cosmetic chemical, spiritual, or computer- Soviet empire used to do with some raw material. We have the surgery to diet pills to based, we find the same banished leaders. power to avoid or to heal certain innumerable styles of therapy, all assumption everywhere: evils, yes, but we cannot order promising reconciliation with beatitude is within your grasp, Yet by trying to remove every happiness as if it were a meal in a ourselves and full realization of and you have only to take anomaly, every failing, we end up restaurant.our potential. “Become your own advantage of “positive denying what is in fact the main best friend, learn self-esteem, conditioning” (in the Dalai Lama's benefit of health: indifference to The Western cult of happiness is think positive, dare to live in words) in order to attain it. We oneself, what a great surgeon indeed a strange adventure, harmony,” we were told by so have come to believe that the will once called “the silence of the something like a collective many self-help books, though can readily establish its power organs.” intoxication. In the guise of their very number suggested that over mental states, regulate emancipation, it transforms a high these were not such easy tasks. moods, and make contentment ideal into its opposite.

the fruit of a personal decision.The idea of fulfilment, though the his belief in our ability to will Condemned to joy, we must be successor to a more demanding ourselves happy also lies behind happy or lose all standing in ethic, became a demand itself. the contemporary obsession with society. It is not a question of The dominant order no longer health. knowing whether we are more or condemns us to privation; it offers less happy than our ancestors; us paths to self-realization with a What is health, correctly our conception of the thing itself kind of maternal solicitude. understood, but a kind of has changed, and we are This generosity is by no means permission we receive to live in probably the first society in history liberation in every respect. In fact, peace with our bodies and to let Health has its martyrs, its to make people unhappy for not a kind of charitable coercion ourselves be carefree? These pioneers, its heroes and saints. being happy.engenders the malaise from days, though, we are required to Sickness and health become which it then strives to deliver us. resist our mortality as far as harder to distinguish, to the point Pascal Bruckner is a French

possible. that we risk creating a society of writer and philosopher. His article hypochondriacs. was translated by Alexis Cornel.

Happiness is no longer a matter of chance or a heavenly gift, an amazing grace that blesses our monotonous days. We now owe it to ourselves to be happy, and we are expected to display our happiness far and wide.

To enjoy was once forbidden; from now on, it's obligatory.

Everyone must today be saved from something—from hypertension, from imperfect digestion, from a tendency to gain weight. One is never thin enough, fit enough, strong enough.

T

N

- pg 9 -

Safety First !!Safety First !!

A few years ago I managed to find a person willing to buy my car; after Always use your judgment, you experience, your instructions, your considerable effort I should add. I was so eager that I even agreed to manuals and checklists, your risk assessment techniques, and deliver the car to him myself. On the day I was to drive the car for the always plan ahead with your fellow officers. It doesn't matter if you last time to meet him, as I was pulling out of my garage I accidentally have carried out the same operation hundreds of times - there is brushed the entire left side on the garage wall, making a scratch from always something that is different; something that can go wrong. the front to the rear! I must have done the same maneuver hundreds, Ship operations are many times repetitive, but are never identical. maybe thousands of times. Still, on the day it mattered most I Conditions change and vigilance on your part must be continuous at managed to get it wrong! all times. You have the responsibility, but you also have the

experience and the tools. Just use them!!I will not reveal how I managed to get away with it... My point it something else: Beware of repetitive jobs! One of the major causes of I wish you safe sailing and smooth seas.accidents is over-confidence! Over-confidence can be equally dangerous as inexperience, but is even more inexcusable. When a Anthony Lambros / Q&S Manager DPAyoung and inexperienced person makes a mistake he has an excuse I welcome your comments, suggestions or feedback on the contents - but what if an experienced one does? of this column (Safety First!) at q&s@centrofin.gr

Safety Bulletin 11-02

Message from the DPA:avoiding sleep when we are fatigued, but there is a toll to pay in doing this, as systems without maintenance don't work efficiently. If we are fatigued enough we can fall asleep without even noticing. That's the brain commanding maintenance mode as we are still struggling to perform. The problem is that when we reach the state of fatigue, even before we close our eyes, our thoughts become more sluggish and our attention is reduced. This is exactly where the danger resides when performing a safety – sensitive job, as on commercial vessels.

Humans have two favorable periods Fatigue in the Maritime during a 24 hour period that are more

Environment favorable to sleep: Source: Chevron Bulletin March 2011 1. Night period

2. Afternoon periodThese sleepy periods explain how it can be difficult to get to sleep even if we feel extremely tired: It is just not the ideal time. Sleep – favorable periods correlate very

And although there are specific labor closely with our body temperature, which is regulations ruling duty time hours and slightly lower during those times.internal company policies, you play a major and definitive role in regard to this topic. This is why understanding the underlying On average, a healthy adult requires about 8 workings of fatigue development are hours of sleep in a 24 hour period. But we all essential to prevent it. know that there are people who claim they

only need 6 hours or less, or conversely, those who will be in bad shape getting less

Fatigue is a state of weariness or exhaustion than 10 hours.from labor, exertion or stress. Of course, the In reality, those who require less sleep have amount of labor, exertion or stress required less difficulty going directly to deep, good-to induce fatigue varies from individual to quality sleep and spend less time in a individual, and even from day to day for the superficial sleep. In other words, the time same individual. For example, a standard spent with good quality sleep is the same for amount of amount of work can induce short and long sleepers.fatigue sooner if we are also ill or under The ideal amount of sleep is what is severe mental stress. In reality, fatigue is not necessary for one to get up feeling well-an on / off state. Instead, it builds up over a rested. When we don's have the necessary period of time until it reaches a level where it amount of sleep we accumulate a “sleep needs to be relieved. The way our body dept.”recovers from fatigue is through sleep. A sleep dept is considered acute if we skip a

night of sleep and continue working the next day, or cumulative if we sleep one hour less

It is a misconception to think that when we every day over an extended period of time. sleep we are turning our systems “off”. The consequence of a sleep debt? Actually, sleep is a very active state involving Sleepiness.our entire body. When we sleep, we switch some systems off, such as our conscience, Sleepiness is the sign that we need to switch but we turn on several other vital functions. to maintenance mode and go sleep. When For example, during sleep our musculo- we are sleepy, our attention and focus are skeletal system is repaired, and sleep also is reduced. When many hours of sleep debt paramount to mental recovery. Therefore, accumulate, the results may be:sleep can understood as the maintenance o Mood changesperiod we all need to keep our body o Irritability“machine” running properly. In fact, this o Decreased short-term memorymaintenance process is very well- o Poor communicationcontrolled, meaning that once the fatigue Lack of sleep also makes us more prone threshold is reached, the system will try to to certain diseases because our defense start maintenance mode even if we try to do and repair system is not working well something else. Of course, we can enough.voluntarily overrule this tendency by

Fatigue is a frequent contributing factor for many maritime incidents and accidents, including personal injuries.

HOW MUCH SLEEP DO I NEED?

WHAT IS FATIGUE?

UNDERSTANDING SLEEP

FATIGUE MYTHS AND

MISCONCEPTIONS

Myth No.1:

Myth No.2:

M y t h N o . 3 :

Sleepy people are lazy-real professionals don't sleep at work. The trust is simple: If someone is sleepy it is due to a sleep debt. Duty-time sleepiness is a major safety t h r e a t a n d s h o u l d b e recognized and addressed properly.

We know exactly how fatigued we are. Nothing could be more wrong. Fatigue directly impairs our judgment. It is much easier to recognize fatigue in another person than in ourselves. It's important, then, to take action when someone else tells us we are tired.

A l c o h o l i c beverages promote good, quality sleep. A hangover is not a good example of quality sleep. Keep in mind that after a good period of sleep we wake up in good shape.

Nothing could be further from the truth. PPE, liferaft's, EPIRB's, etc. and all of the rest of the gear we are required to have and/or use does not make us safe. Being able to recognize the risks we are faced with daily and taking the necessary and appropriate action to control or eliminate the risk makes one safe.

Don't just use the PPE because you are complying with Company requirements; use it to enhance your awareness of your surroundings and present environment and the hazards that exist or may exist, or if a change in the surroundings / environment hap-pens. I often ask can someone wear too much PPE?

If PPE makes you safe then the logic is more PPE SAFETY WHAT IS IT?makes you safer. In reality too much PPE can Source: Chevron Bulletin April 2011introduce an additional hazard if the extra PPE hinders your movement or vision or ability to do the A misconception held by many in the maritime task at hand. industry is that installing safety equipment makes an

environment safe. Safety is not equipment, rather it is a The correct answer is use the appropriate PPE for the state. Although equipment such EPIRB, hard hats, conditions or risk being controlled or eliminated. Use safety glasses are important, they do nothing to policy as a best practice, every condition cannot be reduce the original problem that would require their addressed with a written policy. If in doubt, ask your use. supervisor.

I was recently touring a large aerospace Being safe is manufacturing facility and noticed no one was wearing recognizing safety glasses. I see a video and TV shows from the hazards in different maritime companies where the crew may not the current be wearing safety glasses or hard hats. Does any of environment their behavior inherently make those individuals and taking the unsafe? It depends on the state of the environment necessary around them at that time. Safety is a mental state of action to awareness and knowing what PPE would be control, appropriate for the condition, PPE are just tools. manage or eliminate the To be able to reduce risks, you first need to be able to hazards. identify what is a problem or risk, and then be vigilant Keep your for that condition. Safety is about being aware of safety eyes potential for risks and taking appropriate action to open and your control, manage, or eliminate the risk. safety brain engaged. At the end of the day, working on ships is a risky

business. PPE does not eliminate the risk; it is a way to manage the risks. A common misconception I see is that if I have all of my PPE on then I am safe.

USEFUL TIPS TO AVOID FATIGUE WHILE ON DUTY

Ideally we should prevent fatigue to reach a level where alertness is compromised. But sometimes it may happen. When fatigue has set in, here are some ways that may be helpful to “re-set” our body machines:

- Avoid accumulated sleep debt when starting a shift. Take advantage of all opportunities to have a good sleep.

- Have a good sleep environment. The key to pay off sleep debt is good, quality sleep. A quiet, dark, sleeping room is important to minimize the time it takes for us to go into a deep sleep.

- Try a quick nap if you notice that you are sleepy shortly before your shift. A nap is a short period of sleep (less than 2 hours) that has proven value in alleviating sleepiness and restoring alertness levels. Ideally a nap in the work environment shouldn't be longer than 15 to 40 minutes to avoid a slow transition time back to full alertness.

- Take advantage of sleep-favorable periods in the day, usually around 3 a.m. to 5 a.m. and 3 p.m. to 5 p.m.

-Avoid caffeine and exercise before going to sleep. Instead, take a hot shower, which promotes immediately relaxation. The drop in temperature that follows a hot shower also favors sleep.

- Don't fight it if you hit the bed and can't sleep. This is certainly the result of going to bed when your mind is not yet in maintenance mode. Try for no more than 30 minutes. If you don't succeed, stay in bed and try to read something unimportant or listen to low-volume music.

- If you identify persistent fatigue, consider the possibility of seeing a doctor to do a specific evaluation. Sleep disorders are frequent in the general population and there is treatment available that can improve your quality of life and work.

- When sleepy, take a walk. Physical exertion increases our body temperature; walking around is always a good way to keep alert when sleepiness strikes on duty.

- Caffeine is a potent brain stimulant, however, as with any other substance, when used too often our body can develop a tolerance to it. This means that to obtain the same effect one needs increasing doses of the substance. As a last resort, caffeine – present in coffee, tea and many soda beverages - can be a very useful resource if used appropriately.

- pg 9 -

Safety First !!Safety First !!

A few years ago I managed to find a person willing to buy my car; after Always use your judgment, you experience, your instructions, your considerable effort I should add. I was so eager that I even agreed to manuals and checklists, your risk assessment techniques, and deliver the car to him myself. On the day I was to drive the car for the always plan ahead with your fellow officers. It doesn't matter if you last time to meet him, as I was pulling out of my garage I accidentally have carried out the same operation hundreds of times - there is brushed the entire left side on the garage wall, making a scratch from always something that is different; something that can go wrong. the front to the rear! I must have done the same maneuver hundreds, Ship operations are many times repetitive, but are never identical. maybe thousands of times. Still, on the day it mattered most I Conditions change and vigilance on your part must be continuous at managed to get it wrong! all times. You have the responsibility, but you also have the

experience and the tools. Just use them!!I will not reveal how I managed to get away with it... My point it something else: Beware of repetitive jobs! One of the major causes of I wish you safe sailing and smooth seas.accidents is over-confidence! Over-confidence can be equally dangerous as inexperience, but is even more inexcusable. When a Anthony Lambros / Q&S Manager DPAyoung and inexperienced person makes a mistake he has an excuse I welcome your comments, suggestions or feedback on the contents - but what if an experienced one does? of this column (Safety First!) at q&s@centrofin.gr

Safety Bulletin 11-02

Message from the DPA:avoiding sleep when we are fatigued, but there is a toll to pay in doing this, as systems without maintenance don't work efficiently. If we are fatigued enough we can fall asleep without even noticing. That's the brain commanding maintenance mode as we are still struggling to perform. The problem is that when we reach the state of fatigue, even before we close our eyes, our thoughts become more sluggish and our attention is reduced. This is exactly where the danger resides when performing a safety – sensitive job, as on commercial vessels.

Humans have two favorable periods Fatigue in the Maritime during a 24 hour period that are more

Environment favorable to sleep: Source: Chevron Bulletin March 2011 1. Night period

2. Afternoon periodThese sleepy periods explain how it can be difficult to get to sleep even if we feel extremely tired: It is just not the ideal time. Sleep – favorable periods correlate very

And although there are specific labor closely with our body temperature, which is regulations ruling duty time hours and slightly lower during those times.internal company policies, you play a major and definitive role in regard to this topic. This is why understanding the underlying On average, a healthy adult requires about 8 workings of fatigue development are hours of sleep in a 24 hour period. But we all essential to prevent it. know that there are people who claim they

only need 6 hours or less, or conversely, those who will be in bad shape getting less

Fatigue is a state of weariness or exhaustion than 10 hours.from labor, exertion or stress. Of course, the In reality, those who require less sleep have amount of labor, exertion or stress required less difficulty going directly to deep, good-to induce fatigue varies from individual to quality sleep and spend less time in a individual, and even from day to day for the superficial sleep. In other words, the time same individual. For example, a standard spent with good quality sleep is the same for amount of amount of work can induce short and long sleepers.fatigue sooner if we are also ill or under The ideal amount of sleep is what is severe mental stress. In reality, fatigue is not necessary for one to get up feeling well-an on / off state. Instead, it builds up over a rested. When we don's have the necessary period of time until it reaches a level where it amount of sleep we accumulate a “sleep needs to be relieved. The way our body dept.”recovers from fatigue is through sleep. A sleep dept is considered acute if we skip a

night of sleep and continue working the next day, or cumulative if we sleep one hour less

It is a misconception to think that when we every day over an extended period of time. sleep we are turning our systems “off”. The consequence of a sleep debt? Actually, sleep is a very active state involving Sleepiness.our entire body. When we sleep, we switch some systems off, such as our conscience, Sleepiness is the sign that we need to switch but we turn on several other vital functions. to maintenance mode and go sleep. When For example, during sleep our musculo- we are sleepy, our attention and focus are skeletal system is repaired, and sleep also is reduced. When many hours of sleep debt paramount to mental recovery. Therefore, accumulate, the results may be:sleep can understood as the maintenance o Mood changesperiod we all need to keep our body o Irritability“machine” running properly. In fact, this o Decreased short-term memorymaintenance process is very well- o Poor communicationcontrolled, meaning that once the fatigue Lack of sleep also makes us more prone threshold is reached, the system will try to to certain diseases because our defense start maintenance mode even if we try to do and repair system is not working well something else. Of course, we can enough.voluntarily overrule this tendency by

Fatigue is a frequent contributing factor for many maritime incidents and accidents, including personal injuries.

HOW MUCH SLEEP DO I NEED?

WHAT IS FATIGUE?

UNDERSTANDING SLEEP

FATIGUE MYTHS AND

MISCONCEPTIONS

Myth No.1:

Myth No.2:

M y t h N o . 3 :

Sleepy people are lazy-real professionals don't sleep at work. The trust is simple: If someone is sleepy it is due to a sleep debt. Duty-time sleepiness is a major safety t h r e a t a n d s h o u l d b e recognized and addressed properly.

We know exactly how fatigued we are. Nothing could be more wrong. Fatigue directly impairs our judgment. It is much easier to recognize fatigue in another person than in ourselves. It's important, then, to take action when someone else tells us we are tired.

A l c o h o l i c beverages promote good, quality sleep. A hangover is not a good example of quality sleep. Keep in mind that after a good period of sleep we wake up in good shape.

Nothing could be further from the truth. PPE, liferaft's, EPIRB's, etc. and all of the rest of the gear we are required to have and/or use does not make us safe. Being able to recognize the risks we are faced with daily and taking the necessary and appropriate action to control or eliminate the risk makes one safe.

Don't just use the PPE because you are complying with Company requirements; use it to enhance your awareness of your surroundings and present environment and the hazards that exist or may exist, or if a change in the surroundings / environment hap-pens. I often ask can someone wear too much PPE?

If PPE makes you safe then the logic is more PPE SAFETY WHAT IS IT?makes you safer. In reality too much PPE can Source: Chevron Bulletin April 2011introduce an additional hazard if the extra PPE hinders your movement or vision or ability to do the A misconception held by many in the maritime task at hand. industry is that installing safety equipment makes an

environment safe. Safety is not equipment, rather it is a The correct answer is use the appropriate PPE for the state. Although equipment such EPIRB, hard hats, conditions or risk being controlled or eliminated. Use safety glasses are important, they do nothing to policy as a best practice, every condition cannot be reduce the original problem that would require their addressed with a written policy. If in doubt, ask your use. supervisor.

I was recently touring a large aerospace Being safe is manufacturing facility and noticed no one was wearing recognizing safety glasses. I see a video and TV shows from the hazards in different maritime companies where the crew may not the current be wearing safety glasses or hard hats. Does any of environment their behavior inherently make those individuals and taking the unsafe? It depends on the state of the environment necessary around them at that time. Safety is a mental state of action to awareness and knowing what PPE would be control, appropriate for the condition, PPE are just tools. manage or eliminate the To be able to reduce risks, you first need to be able to hazards. identify what is a problem or risk, and then be vigilant Keep your for that condition. Safety is about being aware of safety eyes potential for risks and taking appropriate action to open and your control, manage, or eliminate the risk. safety brain engaged. At the end of the day, working on ships is a risky

business. PPE does not eliminate the risk; it is a way to manage the risks. A common misconception I see is that if I have all of my PPE on then I am safe.

USEFUL TIPS TO AVOID FATIGUE WHILE ON DUTY

Ideally we should prevent fatigue to reach a level where alertness is compromised. But sometimes it may happen. When fatigue has set in, here are some ways that may be helpful to “re-set” our body machines:

- Avoid accumulated sleep debt when starting a shift. Take advantage of all opportunities to have a good sleep.

- Have a good sleep environment. The key to pay off sleep debt is good, quality sleep. A quiet, dark, sleeping room is important to minimize the time it takes for us to go into a deep sleep.

- Try a quick nap if you notice that you are sleepy shortly before your shift. A nap is a short period of sleep (less than 2 hours) that has proven value in alleviating sleepiness and restoring alertness levels. Ideally a nap in the work environment shouldn't be longer than 15 to 40 minutes to avoid a slow transition time back to full alertness.

- Take advantage of sleep-favorable periods in the day, usually around 3 a.m. to 5 a.m. and 3 p.m. to 5 p.m.

-Avoid caffeine and exercise before going to sleep. Instead, take a hot shower, which promotes immediately relaxation. The drop in temperature that follows a hot shower also favors sleep.

- Don't fight it if you hit the bed and can't sleep. This is certainly the result of going to bed when your mind is not yet in maintenance mode. Try for no more than 30 minutes. If you don't succeed, stay in bed and try to read something unimportant or listen to low-volume music.

- If you identify persistent fatigue, consider the possibility of seeing a doctor to do a specific evaluation. Sleep disorders are frequent in the general population and there is treatment available that can improve your quality of life and work.

- When sleepy, take a walk. Physical exertion increases our body temperature; walking around is always a good way to keep alert when sleepiness strikes on duty.

- Caffeine is a potent brain stimulant, however, as with any other substance, when used too often our body can develop a tolerance to it. This means that to obtain the same effect one needs increasing doses of the substance. As a last resort, caffeine – present in coffee, tea and many soda beverages - can be a very useful resource if used appropriately.

pg 11

Compliments the ALERT bulletin

pg 11

Compliments the ALERT bulletin

pg 13

Education is a matter of Behaviour

Council on Global Change, which I chair, will soon unveil a master

(The Environment) plan for a transformation of society. Precisely because of

23/March/2011 Fukushima, we believe that a new basis of our coexistence is needed.

SPIEGEL: What does that mean?

Schellnhuber: We need a social contract for the 21st century that seals the common desire to create a sustainable industrial

By Katrin Elger metabolism. We must resolve, and Christian Schwägerl once and for all, to leave our

descendants more than a legacy Leading German climate Schellnhuber: The entire t happened in Japan could also of nuclear hazards and climate scientist Hans Joachim affluence-based economic model happen in Germany if one of the change. This requires empathy Schellnhuber talks to SPIEGEL of the post-war era is it in Japan countless possible chains of across space and time. To about the lessons of the or here in Germany, is based on unfortunate events were to occur. promote this, the rights of future Fukushima disaster, the future the idea that cheap energy and It's the unavoidability of the generations should be enshrined of nuclear energy in Germany rising material consumption are improbable. But the way the in the German constitution.and why our society needs to supposed to make us happier and government approached the issue be transformed. "We consume happier. This is why nuclear was not very beneficial for SPIEGEL: And specifically?as much oil in one year as was power plants are now being built Germany's political culture.created in 5.3 million years," he in areas that are highly active Schellnhuber: For example, we warns. geologically, and why we SPIEGEL: Why? have to stabilize energy

consume as much oil in one year consumption at a reasonable SPIEGEL: Who or what is to as was created in 5.3 million Schellnhuber: Last year they level. If we would finally start blame for the nuclear catastrophe years. We are looting both the decided that German power exploiting the full potential for in Fukushima? past and the future to feed the plants are safe. This allows for energy efficiency in Germany, we

excess of the present. It's the only two possible conclusions: could get by with at least 30 Hans Joachim Schellnhuber: dictatorship of the here and now. Either the full truth wasn't percent less energy input -- The earthquake was merely the recognized at the time, in which without being materially worse off.trigger. The crazy logic we apply SPIEGEL: What's your case it was bad policy, or they are in dealing with technical risks is to alternative? reacting in a purely opportunistic SPIEGEL: How do you intend to blame. We only protect ourselves fashion now, against their better convince society of the need for against hazards to the extent that Schellnhuber: We have to stop judgment. That's even worse an upper limit to energy it's economically feasible at a constantly ignoring the things that policy. consumption?given time, and to the extent to are truly harmful to our society. Schellnhuber: It can only be which they can be controlled This includes nuclear accidents, achieved with cultural change. To within the normal operations of a but also the prospect of the Earth that end, society needs to have company. But the Richter scale becoming between 6 and 8 an entirely different discussion has no upper limit. Why is a degrees Celsius (11 to 14 than before. This sort of change is Japanese nuclear power plant degrees Fahrenheit) warmer by one of the most difficult things I only designed to withstand a the year 2200. Only when we can imagine.magnitude 8.2 earthquake, not to have taken the possibility of mention tsunamis? maximum losses fully into account SPIEGEL: Belt-tightening hasn't

can we decide whether we even SPIEGEL: Are you worried that exactly been popular in the past.SPIEGEL: Presumably because want a specific technology. the government's new anti-otherwise electricity from nuclear nuclear course will lead to higher Schellnhuber: All it costs is a few power would have been too SPIEGEL: Up until now, you CO2 emissions because more percentage points of economic expensive. haven't been one of the vocal coal will be burned once again? output to turn away from the

opponents of nuclear power. dangerous path that would Schellnhuber: Actually, I'm otherwise lead to more nuclear

Schellnhuber: But neither was I convinced that this is precisely accidents and unchecked climate a supporter of nuclear power. My what Chancellor Angela Merkel change. Green investments would position was: Let's take will not allow. Now everyone is only delay the growth of affluence advantage of the cost benefits of starting to realize that society's between now and the year 2100 the existing nuclear plants to entire fossil-nuclear operating by six to nine months. Is that quickly develop renewable energy system has no future and that really too high a price to pay?systems. It was my hope that massive investments have to be something good would emerge made in renewable sources of SPIEGEL: Why is it that your from something bad. energy. messages haven't been all that

well received until now?SPIEGEL: How do you feel about SPIEGEL: Do you feel that the the government's plans to government's abrupt change of Schellnhuber: I'm neither a temporarily shut down seven course in relation to its energy psychologist nor a sociologist. But nuclear power plants in policy is adequate? my life experiences have shown Germany? that the love of convenience and

Schellnhuber: No. It can only be ignorance are man's biggest Schellnhuber: It's the right thing the beginning of a deep-seated character flaws. It's a potentially to do. Something resembling wha shift. The German Advisory deadly mixture.

Leading Climatologist on Fukushima

'We Are Looting the Past and Future to Feed the Present’

Safes, cash washup on Japan shores after tsunami

"At first we put all the safes in the A 2008 report by Japan's central And the safes are likely to keep station," said Noriyoshi Goto, bank estimated that more than a on coming. head of the Ofunato Police third of 10,000-yen ($118) bank Department's financial affairs notes issued don't actually “There's probably a lot of department, which is in charge of circulate. That amounts to some valuables still left in the rubble, lost-and-found items. "But then 30 trillion yen, or $354 billion at including safes," Fujii said. "We there were too many, so we had current exchange rates, ferreted are expecting and preparing for to move them.” away. that.”

Goto couldn't specify how many safes his department has collected so far, saying only that there were "several hundreds" with more coming in every day.Identifying the owners of lost safes is hard enough. But it's nearly impossible when it comes By Socrates to wads of cash being found in The figure includes direct losses Who are to be considered envelopes, unmarked bags, from damaged houses, roads and educated persons:boxes and furniture. utilities. But it doesn't take into

account individual losses from 1.Those who can control difficult situations instead of Yasuo Kimura, 67, considers home-held cash washed away by being controlled by themhimself one of the lucky ones. the powerful waves.

2.Those who face all events The tsunami swallowed and with bravery, courage & logicgutted his home in Onagawa, With more than 25,000 people

3.Those who are honourable about 50 miles (75 kilometres) believed to have died in the (honest) in their affairssouth of Ofunato. He escaped tsunami, many safes could to go

AP–In this photo taken on April 7, 4.Those who can handle with his 90-year-old father and unclaimed. Under Japanese law, 2011, a broken cashbox sits in the poignant events and indecent the clothes on his back. But he authorities must store found items debris in tsunami-hit city of people with good willstill has money in the bank. for three months. If the owner Ofunato, 5.Those who were never That's not the case for many of does not appear within that time,

defeated by bad luck or his long-time friends and the finder is entitled to the item, OFUNATO, Japan – There are no failureacquaintances, said Kimura, a unless it contains personal cars inside the parking garage at 6.Those who can control their former bank employee. identification such as an address Ofunato police headquarters. desiresbook. Instead, hundreds of dented 7.Those who remain unspoiled "I spent my career trying to metal safes, swept out of homes by success or glory.convince them to deposit their If neither owner nor finder claims and businesses by last month's 8.It is possible to store the mind money in a bank," he said, staring it, the government takes tsunami, crowd the long rectangu- with a million facts and still be out at his flattened city. "They possession. lar building. Any one could hold entirely uneducatedalways thought it was safer to someone's life savings. Education is what survives keep it at home.” But all those who survived and

when what has been learned are seeking to retrieve savings Safes are washing up along the has been forgottenThe number of safes that have will need to offer proof. That proof tsunami-battered coast, and Education begins a turned up in Ofunato alone is a could include opening the safe police are trying to find their gentleman, conversation reflection of the area's population: and providing identification that owners — a unique problem in a completes him.In Iwate prefecture, where this matches any documents inside, country where many people, Only the educated are free.Pacific fishing town is located, said Akihiro Ito, a spokesman for especially the elderly, still stash I have never let my schooling nearly 30 percent of the the disaster response unit in their cash at home. By one interfere with my educationpopulation is over 65. Kesennuma, among the worst-hit

A fool's brain digests estimate, some $350 billion worth cities in Miyagi prefecture. philosophy into folly, science of yen doesn't circulate. Many of them keep money at Cold, hard cash is more into superstition, and art into There's even a term for this home out of habit and complicated. pedantry. Hence University hidden money in Japanese: convenience, said Koetsu Saiki of education."tansu yokin." Or literally, the Miyagi Prefectural Police's "Even if we receive 50,000 yen Human history becomes more "wardrobe savings.” financial affairs department. This ($589) in cash, and someone

and more a race between practice is likely compounded by comes in saying they've lost education and catastrophe.So the massive post-tsunami persistently low interest rates, 50,000 yen, it's nearly impossible College isn't the place to go for cleanup under way along leaving little financial incentive for to prove exactly whose money we

ideas.hundreds of miles (kilometres) of depositing money in a bank. actually have," Saiki of Miyagi's Japan's ravaged north-eastern As in Iwate, local police stations police force said. coast involves the delicate in Miyagi are reporting "very high business of separating junk from numbers" of safes and cash being Only 10 to 15 percent of valuables. As workers and turned in. valuables found in the tsunami residents pick through the rubble have been returned so far, wreckage, they are increasingly "It's just how people have officials in Miyagi and Iwate stumbling upon cash and locked operated their entire lives," he prefectures said last week. safes. said. "When they need money, Instead of waiting, police in Iwate

they'd rather have their money are considering a more proactive One month after the March 11 close by. It's not necessarily that measure. Individual stations will tsunami devastated Ofunato and they don't trust banks. But there likely start opening safes to try to other nearby cities, police are a lot of people who don't feel identify their owners, said Kiyoto departments already stretched comfortable using ATMs, Fujii, a spokesman for the thin now face the growing task of especially the elderly.” prefectural police. managing lost wealth.

The government has estimated that the cost of the earthquake and tsunami could reach $309 billion, making it the world's most expensive natural disaster on record.

(469 - 399 BCE)

9.

10.

11.12.

13.

14.

15.

16.The great aim of education is not knowledge but action

Only when we have taken the possibility of maximum losses fully into account can we decide whether we even want a specific technology.

pg 13

Education is a matter of Behaviour

Council on Global Change, which I chair, will soon unveil a master

(The Environment) plan for a transformation of society. Precisely because of

23/March/2011 Fukushima, we believe that a new basis of our coexistence is needed.

SPIEGEL: What does that mean?

Schellnhuber: We need a social contract for the 21st century that seals the common desire to create a sustainable industrial

By Katrin Elger metabolism. We must resolve, and Christian Schwägerl once and for all, to leave our

descendants more than a legacy Leading German climate Schellnhuber: The entire t happened in Japan could also of nuclear hazards and climate scientist Hans Joachim affluence-based economic model happen in Germany if one of the change. This requires empathy Schellnhuber talks to SPIEGEL of the post-war era is it in Japan countless possible chains of across space and time. To about the lessons of the or here in Germany, is based on unfortunate events were to occur. promote this, the rights of future Fukushima disaster, the future the idea that cheap energy and It's the unavoidability of the generations should be enshrined of nuclear energy in Germany rising material consumption are improbable. But the way the in the German constitution.and why our society needs to supposed to make us happier and government approached the issue be transformed. "We consume happier. This is why nuclear was not very beneficial for SPIEGEL: And specifically?as much oil in one year as was power plants are now being built Germany's political culture.created in 5.3 million years," he in areas that are highly active Schellnhuber: For example, we warns. geologically, and why we SPIEGEL: Why? have to stabilize energy

consume as much oil in one year consumption at a reasonable SPIEGEL: Who or what is to as was created in 5.3 million Schellnhuber: Last year they level. If we would finally start blame for the nuclear catastrophe years. We are looting both the decided that German power exploiting the full potential for in Fukushima? past and the future to feed the plants are safe. This allows for energy efficiency in Germany, we

excess of the present. It's the only two possible conclusions: could get by with at least 30 Hans Joachim Schellnhuber: dictatorship of the here and now. Either the full truth wasn't percent less energy input -- The earthquake was merely the recognized at the time, in which without being materially worse off.trigger. The crazy logic we apply SPIEGEL: What's your case it was bad policy, or they are in dealing with technical risks is to alternative? reacting in a purely opportunistic SPIEGEL: How do you intend to blame. We only protect ourselves fashion now, against their better convince society of the need for against hazards to the extent that Schellnhuber: We have to stop judgment. That's even worse an upper limit to energy it's economically feasible at a constantly ignoring the things that policy. consumption?given time, and to the extent to are truly harmful to our society. Schellnhuber: It can only be which they can be controlled This includes nuclear accidents, achieved with cultural change. To within the normal operations of a but also the prospect of the Earth that end, society needs to have company. But the Richter scale becoming between 6 and 8 an entirely different discussion has no upper limit. Why is a degrees Celsius (11 to 14 than before. This sort of change is Japanese nuclear power plant degrees Fahrenheit) warmer by one of the most difficult things I only designed to withstand a the year 2200. Only when we can imagine.magnitude 8.2 earthquake, not to have taken the possibility of mention tsunamis? maximum losses fully into account SPIEGEL: Belt-tightening hasn't

can we decide whether we even SPIEGEL: Are you worried that exactly been popular in the past.SPIEGEL: Presumably because want a specific technology. the government's new anti-otherwise electricity from nuclear nuclear course will lead to higher Schellnhuber: All it costs is a few power would have been too SPIEGEL: Up until now, you CO2 emissions because more percentage points of economic expensive. haven't been one of the vocal coal will be burned once again? output to turn away from the

opponents of nuclear power. dangerous path that would Schellnhuber: Actually, I'm otherwise lead to more nuclear

Schellnhuber: But neither was I convinced that this is precisely accidents and unchecked climate a supporter of nuclear power. My what Chancellor Angela Merkel change. Green investments would position was: Let's take will not allow. Now everyone is only delay the growth of affluence advantage of the cost benefits of starting to realize that society's between now and the year 2100 the existing nuclear plants to entire fossil-nuclear operating by six to nine months. Is that quickly develop renewable energy system has no future and that really too high a price to pay?systems. It was my hope that massive investments have to be something good would emerge made in renewable sources of SPIEGEL: Why is it that your from something bad. energy. messages haven't been all that

well received until now?SPIEGEL: How do you feel about SPIEGEL: Do you feel that the the government's plans to government's abrupt change of Schellnhuber: I'm neither a temporarily shut down seven course in relation to its energy psychologist nor a sociologist. But nuclear power plants in policy is adequate? my life experiences have shown Germany? that the love of convenience and

Schellnhuber: No. It can only be ignorance are man's biggest Schellnhuber: It's the right thing the beginning of a deep-seated character flaws. It's a potentially to do. Something resembling wha shift. The German Advisory deadly mixture.

Leading Climatologist on Fukushima

'We Are Looting the Past and Future to Feed the Present’

Safes, cash washup on Japan shores after tsunami

"At first we put all the safes in the A 2008 report by Japan's central And the safes are likely to keep station," said Noriyoshi Goto, bank estimated that more than a on coming. head of the Ofunato Police third of 10,000-yen ($118) bank Department's financial affairs notes issued don't actually “There's probably a lot of department, which is in charge of circulate. That amounts to some valuables still left in the rubble, lost-and-found items. "But then 30 trillion yen, or $354 billion at including safes," Fujii said. "We there were too many, so we had current exchange rates, ferreted are expecting and preparing for to move them.” away. that.”

Goto couldn't specify how many safes his department has collected so far, saying only that there were "several hundreds" with more coming in every day.Identifying the owners of lost safes is hard enough. But it's nearly impossible when it comes By Socrates to wads of cash being found in The figure includes direct losses Who are to be considered envelopes, unmarked bags, from damaged houses, roads and educated persons:boxes and furniture. utilities. But it doesn't take into

account individual losses from 1.Those who can control difficult situations instead of Yasuo Kimura, 67, considers home-held cash washed away by being controlled by themhimself one of the lucky ones. the powerful waves.

2.Those who face all events The tsunami swallowed and with bravery, courage & logicgutted his home in Onagawa, With more than 25,000 people

3.Those who are honourable about 50 miles (75 kilometres) believed to have died in the (honest) in their affairssouth of Ofunato. He escaped tsunami, many safes could to go

AP–In this photo taken on April 7, 4.Those who can handle with his 90-year-old father and unclaimed. Under Japanese law, 2011, a broken cashbox sits in the poignant events and indecent the clothes on his back. But he authorities must store found items debris in tsunami-hit city of people with good willstill has money in the bank. for three months. If the owner Ofunato, 5.Those who were never That's not the case for many of does not appear within that time,

defeated by bad luck or his long-time friends and the finder is entitled to the item, OFUNATO, Japan – There are no failureacquaintances, said Kimura, a unless it contains personal cars inside the parking garage at 6.Those who can control their former bank employee. identification such as an address Ofunato police headquarters. desiresbook. Instead, hundreds of dented 7.Those who remain unspoiled "I spent my career trying to metal safes, swept out of homes by success or glory.convince them to deposit their If neither owner nor finder claims and businesses by last month's 8.It is possible to store the mind money in a bank," he said, staring it, the government takes tsunami, crowd the long rectangu- with a million facts and still be out at his flattened city. "They possession. lar building. Any one could hold entirely uneducatedalways thought it was safer to someone's life savings. Education is what survives keep it at home.” But all those who survived and

when what has been learned are seeking to retrieve savings Safes are washing up along the has been forgottenThe number of safes that have will need to offer proof. That proof tsunami-battered coast, and Education begins a turned up in Ofunato alone is a could include opening the safe police are trying to find their gentleman, conversation reflection of the area's population: and providing identification that owners — a unique problem in a completes him.In Iwate prefecture, where this matches any documents inside, country where many people, Only the educated are free.Pacific fishing town is located, said Akihiro Ito, a spokesman for especially the elderly, still stash I have never let my schooling nearly 30 percent of the the disaster response unit in their cash at home. By one interfere with my educationpopulation is over 65. Kesennuma, among the worst-hit

A fool's brain digests estimate, some $350 billion worth cities in Miyagi prefecture. philosophy into folly, science of yen doesn't circulate. Many of them keep money at Cold, hard cash is more into superstition, and art into There's even a term for this home out of habit and complicated. pedantry. Hence University hidden money in Japanese: convenience, said Koetsu Saiki of education."tansu yokin." Or literally, the Miyagi Prefectural Police's "Even if we receive 50,000 yen Human history becomes more "wardrobe savings.” financial affairs department. This ($589) in cash, and someone

and more a race between practice is likely compounded by comes in saying they've lost education and catastrophe.So the massive post-tsunami persistently low interest rates, 50,000 yen, it's nearly impossible College isn't the place to go for cleanup under way along leaving little financial incentive for to prove exactly whose money we

ideas.hundreds of miles (kilometres) of depositing money in a bank. actually have," Saiki of Miyagi's Japan's ravaged north-eastern As in Iwate, local police stations police force said. coast involves the delicate in Miyagi are reporting "very high business of separating junk from numbers" of safes and cash being Only 10 to 15 percent of valuables. As workers and turned in. valuables found in the tsunami residents pick through the rubble have been returned so far, wreckage, they are increasingly "It's just how people have officials in Miyagi and Iwate stumbling upon cash and locked operated their entire lives," he prefectures said last week. safes. said. "When they need money, Instead of waiting, police in Iwate

they'd rather have their money are considering a more proactive One month after the March 11 close by. It's not necessarily that measure. Individual stations will tsunami devastated Ofunato and they don't trust banks. But there likely start opening safes to try to other nearby cities, police are a lot of people who don't feel identify their owners, said Kiyoto departments already stretched comfortable using ATMs, Fujii, a spokesman for the thin now face the growing task of especially the elderly.” prefectural police. managing lost wealth.

The government has estimated that the cost of the earthquake and tsunami could reach $309 billion, making it the world's most expensive natural disaster on record.

(469 - 399 BCE)

9.

10.

11.12.

13.

14.

15.

16.The great aim of education is not knowledge but action

Only when we have taken the possibility of maximum losses fully into account can we decide whether we even want a specific technology.

How much does the world weigh?

answer. The calculation of the history has left the industry. The Earth's weight would have to mariner uses buoys much as he depend on choosing a always has, as an indication of his gravitational field to use as a position and to show him the starting point. Since it is what we extent of a navigable channel, or know, we'll use Earth's own to mark an isolated hazard, such gravitational field. With this, as a wreck over which his ship scientists can measure the weight should not pass. Buoys use of the Earth by calculating the distinguishing colours, marks and weight of all of the components of shapes to assist the navigator in Earth (the mantle, the crust, etc.) their use. The new system and adding them together. By provides for a newly designed doing this, we come up with an wreck marking buoy, and clearer approximate Earth weight of distinguishing marks, along with 6,600,000,000,000,000,000,000 provisions for more use of tons. If you want a quick way to electronics and some ingenious say this, it's 6.6 sextillion tons. new methods of lighting.

Comments are welcome. One problem with channel buoys in particular is that when viewed

http://www.ehow.com/about_4621 against a well-lit coastline, they M2/Distance of separation. The 098_weight are hard to distinguish from lights M1 and M2 represent the masses ashore in the of the two objects. To solve for M1 background. This (the mass of the Earth), you need is a particular problem only plug in a value for M2--a approaching a coast or port. value you can easily figure out, However, it is now possible to Best Answer like the mass of a ball--and then synchronise the flashes of lights

- Chosen by Voterscalculate the acceleration the along a channel, so that they Earth's gravity puts on that mass either flash together, or in

Finding the weight of the Earth is when dropped. When this figure is sequence, which makes them far a complex task for several put into the equation, you come easier to distinguish from others. reasons. One is the folly of out with the answer of the Earth's Confusion can also be reduced by calculating the weight of objects mass, which is written above. the use of “flickering” lights, rather without gravity; another is that than the traditional signals which Earth's mass is continually provide for long, short or quick-growing. Meteors hit the surface The Earth is a complex amalgam flashing signals. The new system of the Earth each day, increasing of many materials. The core of the which was agreed by IALA earlier its mass at a rate of Earth is made of core and nickel this year is given wide approximately 10 to the 8th power primarily, all of which is mostly promulgation through the Despite the availability of satellite kg every 24 hours. Of course, as molten. After this is the mantle, International Maritime navigation systems, and ships we'll see, this figure is statistically which is made up of rock and Organization and is very much a that are awash with electronics, insignificant. minerals, including iron, oxygen, system that will permit future maritime buoyage still matters,

silicon and magnesium. Finally, electronic developments. These particularly in pilotage waters there is the crust, which is again might include provisions for more where visual aids provide the best

There is not an objective way to made up of much of the same electronic navigation and even the possible way of marking a answer the question, "What is the materials that comprise the use of “virtual” buoys that would channel or identifying weight of the Earth?" The mantle, along with a considerable be shown on an electronic chart. obstructions. question is not scientifically amount of water. This is all With any changes to navigation sound. When talking about contained within an atmosphere systems, great care has to be These days, buoys can be celestial bodies, it is improper to of gases, the primary components taken to ensure that changes are “intelligent” in that they have radar ask about an object's weight due of which are nitrogen and oxygen. minimal, and do not cause reflectors to help them show up to gravitational pull. This depends confusion in an international on ship radars, possibly fitted with entirely upon what system of industry. electronic beacons that show up gravity that object belongs to. It is To put Earth's mass into on electronic charts and even more scientifically precise to ask perspective, you have to compare Source: Bimco made individually identifiable about an object's mass, which is it with other planets. Earth may be through their own Automated unchanging. This is something we the only planet in the universe-- Identification System signatures. can calculate. The Earth's mass is that we know of--to sustain any 5.9736í--1024 KG, or form of life but Jupiter is by far the Buoys still remain very useful approximately king when it comes to pure mass. indeed. It is the International 6,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,0 It is 318 times as massive as Association of Marine Aids to 00 kilograms. Earth, and more than twice as Navigation and Lighthouse

massive as all other planets in the Authorities which provide the solar system put together. Earth's global pattern for the maritime

Calculating the Earth's mass lies closest cousin in terms of size is buoyage system. It established an in its spherical shape. The Venus, which is 4.86845 x 10 to internationally-accepted system in concentration of a sphere's mass the 24th power. 1970 which set the colours, is in the centre. As we learned shapes, topmarks , lights etc for from Sir Isaac Newton, the Earth's buoys, so that seafarers can use mass can be calculated just as Now that you have an them around the world, even you would discover any two understanding as to why the though there remain some spheres' gravitational attraction. It measure of the Earth's "weight" is differences between the two is through the formula Force = improper and unscientific, there's geographical zones with which 6.67259x10-11m3/s2kg X M1 X no harm in coming up with an

The new Features

International Buoyage System

Size

Considerations

Expert Insight

Identification

pg 15

WORKER Chaser was quite diligent.

She was then presented with three of her toys and correctly pawed, nosed or fetched each one depending on the command given to her.

Sit. Stay. Parse. Good Girl!By Yahoo. - January 17, 2011

Chaser proved to be a diligent when he was asked to fetch student. Unlike human children, something. Did he think of his she seems to love her drills and toys as items labelled fetch-ball, tests and is always asking for fetch-Frisbee, fetch-doll, or did he more. “She still demands four to understand the word “fetch” five hours a day,” Dr. Pilley said. separately from its object, as “I'm 82, and I have to go to bed to people do? NICHOLAS WADEget away from her.”

Dr. Pilley addressed the question One of Dr. Pilley's goals was to by teaching Chaser three different see if he could teach Chaser a actions: pawing, nosing and larger vocabulary than Rico taking an object. She was then acquired. But that vocabulary is presented with three of her toys based on physical objects that and correctly pawed, nosed or knocks down an earlier finding must be given a name the dog fetched each one depending on that dogs can distinguish between can recognize. Dr. Pilley found the command given to her. “That rational and irrational acts. himself visiting Salvation Army experiment demonstrates stores and buying up sacks full of conclusively that Chaser The danger of Clever Hans used children's toys to serve as understood that the verb had a effects may be particularly acute vocabulary items. meaning,” Dr. Pilley said. with border collies because they

The 1,022 words in Chaser's are bred for the ability to pay vocabulary are all proper nouns. close attention to the shepherd. Dr. Pilley also found that Chaser Dogs that ignore their master or could be trained to recognize the sheep do not become categories, in other words parents, a fierce selective common nouns. She correctly pressure on the breed's Chaser, a border collie who lives follows the command “Fetch a behaviour. “Watch a collie work in Spartanburg, S.C., has the Frisbee” or “Fetch a ball.” She with a sheepherder and you will largest vocabulary of any known

It was hard to remember all the can also learn by exclusion, as come away amazed how small a dog. She knows 1,022 nouns, a names Chaser had to learn, so he children do. If she is asked to gesture the person can do to record that displays unexpected wrote the name on each toy with fetch a new toy with a word she communicate with his dog,” said depths of the canine mind and indelible marker. In three years, does not know, she will pick it out Alexandra Horowitz, a dog may help explain how children Chaser's vocabulary included 800 from ones that are familiar. behaviour expert at Barnard acquire language. cloth animals, 116 balls, 26 College and author of “Inside of a Frisbees and a medley of plastic Haunting almost every interaction Dog.”Chaser belongs to John W. Pilley, items. between people and animals is a psychologist who taught for 30

the ghost of Clever Hans, a years at Wofford College, a liberal Children pick up about 10 new German horse that in the early arts institution in Spartanburg. In words a day until, by the time 1900s would tap out answers to 2004, after he had retired, he they leave high school, they know arithmetic problems with his hoof. read a report in Science about around 60,000 words. Chaser The psychologist Oskar Pfungst Rico, a border collie whose learned words more slowly but discovered that Hans would get German owners had taught him faced a harder task: Each sound the answer right only if the to recognize 200 items, mostly was new and she had nothing to questioner also knew the answer. toys and balls. Dr. Pilley decided relate it to, whereas children learn He then showed that the horse to repeat the experiment using a words in a context that makes could detect minute movements technique he had developed for them easier to remember. For of the questioner's head and teaching dogs, and he describes example, knives, forks and body. Since viewers would tense his findings in the current issue of spoons are found together. as Hans approached the right the journal 'Behavioural

number of taps, and relax when Processes'. Dr. Pilley does not know how he reached it, the horse knew large a vocabulary Chaser could exactly when to stop. He bought Chaser as a puppy in have mastered. When she 2004 from a local breeder and

(Humour)reached 1,000 items, he grew People project their expectations started to train her for four to five onto animals, particularly dogs, hours a day. He would show her

For the year to date the results and can easily convince an object, say its name up to 40 from the enhanced TSA Airport themselves the animal is times, then hide it and ask her to screening of the Department of achieving some humanlike feat find it, while repeating the name Homeland Security are:when in fact it is simply reading all the time. She was taught one

cues unconsciously given by its or two new names a day, with Transvestites Discovered – 133master. Even though researchers monthly revisions and Hernias Diagnosed --1,485are well aware of this pitfall, reinforcement for any names she Haemorrhoid Cases interpreting animal behaviour is had forgotten. Diagnosed --3,172particularly tricky. In the current Enlarged Prostates issue of Animal Behaviour, a Border collies are working dogs. Discovered --8,249leading journal, two previous They have a reputation for Breast Implants experiments with dogs have been smartness, and they are highly Discovered --59,350tired of teaching words and found wanting. motivated. They are bred to herd Natural Blondes moved to more interesting topics sheep indefatigably all day long. Discovered --3like grammar. 'In one report, researchers say Absent that task, they must be Terrorist Plots Discovered --0they failed to confirm an given something else to do or

One of the questions raised by experiment showing that dogs they go stir crazy. Cheaper than an MRI!the Rico study was that of what would yawn contagiously when

was going through the dog's mind people yawn. 'Another report

A NEW TRICK John W. Pilley, right,

taught Chaser after reading about a

dog whose owners taught him to

recognize and fetch 200 items.

(Note: If I can teach my dog why should I not be taught to remember and practice COLREGS? Ed.)

Airport Screening

How much does the world weigh?

answer. The calculation of the history has left the industry. The Earth's weight would have to mariner uses buoys much as he depend on choosing a always has, as an indication of his gravitational field to use as a position and to show him the starting point. Since it is what we extent of a navigable channel, or know, we'll use Earth's own to mark an isolated hazard, such gravitational field. With this, as a wreck over which his ship scientists can measure the weight should not pass. Buoys use of the Earth by calculating the distinguishing colours, marks and weight of all of the components of shapes to assist the navigator in Earth (the mantle, the crust, etc.) their use. The new system and adding them together. By provides for a newly designed doing this, we come up with an wreck marking buoy, and clearer approximate Earth weight of distinguishing marks, along with 6,600,000,000,000,000,000,000 provisions for more use of tons. If you want a quick way to electronics and some ingenious say this, it's 6.6 sextillion tons. new methods of lighting.

Comments are welcome. One problem with channel buoys in particular is that when viewed

http://www.ehow.com/about_4621 against a well-lit coastline, they M2/Distance of separation. The 098_weight are hard to distinguish from lights M1 and M2 represent the masses ashore in the of the two objects. To solve for M1 background. This (the mass of the Earth), you need is a particular problem only plug in a value for M2--a approaching a coast or port. value you can easily figure out, However, it is now possible to Best Answer like the mass of a ball--and then synchronise the flashes of lights

- Chosen by Voterscalculate the acceleration the along a channel, so that they Earth's gravity puts on that mass either flash together, or in

Finding the weight of the Earth is when dropped. When this figure is sequence, which makes them far a complex task for several put into the equation, you come easier to distinguish from others. reasons. One is the folly of out with the answer of the Earth's Confusion can also be reduced by calculating the weight of objects mass, which is written above. the use of “flickering” lights, rather without gravity; another is that than the traditional signals which Earth's mass is continually provide for long, short or quick-growing. Meteors hit the surface The Earth is a complex amalgam flashing signals. The new system of the Earth each day, increasing of many materials. The core of the which was agreed by IALA earlier its mass at a rate of Earth is made of core and nickel this year is given wide approximately 10 to the 8th power primarily, all of which is mostly promulgation through the Despite the availability of satellite kg every 24 hours. Of course, as molten. After this is the mantle, International Maritime navigation systems, and ships we'll see, this figure is statistically which is made up of rock and Organization and is very much a that are awash with electronics, insignificant. minerals, including iron, oxygen, system that will permit future maritime buoyage still matters,

silicon and magnesium. Finally, electronic developments. These particularly in pilotage waters there is the crust, which is again might include provisions for more where visual aids provide the best

There is not an objective way to made up of much of the same electronic navigation and even the possible way of marking a answer the question, "What is the materials that comprise the use of “virtual” buoys that would channel or identifying weight of the Earth?" The mantle, along with a considerable be shown on an electronic chart. obstructions. question is not scientifically amount of water. This is all With any changes to navigation sound. When talking about contained within an atmosphere systems, great care has to be These days, buoys can be celestial bodies, it is improper to of gases, the primary components taken to ensure that changes are “intelligent” in that they have radar ask about an object's weight due of which are nitrogen and oxygen. minimal, and do not cause reflectors to help them show up to gravitational pull. This depends confusion in an international on ship radars, possibly fitted with entirely upon what system of industry. electronic beacons that show up gravity that object belongs to. It is To put Earth's mass into on electronic charts and even more scientifically precise to ask perspective, you have to compare Source: Bimco made individually identifiable about an object's mass, which is it with other planets. Earth may be through their own Automated unchanging. This is something we the only planet in the universe-- Identification System signatures. can calculate. The Earth's mass is that we know of--to sustain any 5.9736í--1024 KG, or form of life but Jupiter is by far the Buoys still remain very useful approximately king when it comes to pure mass. indeed. It is the International 6,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,0 It is 318 times as massive as Association of Marine Aids to 00 kilograms. Earth, and more than twice as Navigation and Lighthouse

massive as all other planets in the Authorities which provide the solar system put together. Earth's global pattern for the maritime

Calculating the Earth's mass lies closest cousin in terms of size is buoyage system. It established an in its spherical shape. The Venus, which is 4.86845 x 10 to internationally-accepted system in concentration of a sphere's mass the 24th power. 1970 which set the colours, is in the centre. As we learned shapes, topmarks , lights etc for from Sir Isaac Newton, the Earth's buoys, so that seafarers can use mass can be calculated just as Now that you have an them around the world, even you would discover any two understanding as to why the though there remain some spheres' gravitational attraction. It measure of the Earth's "weight" is differences between the two is through the formula Force = improper and unscientific, there's geographical zones with which 6.67259x10-11m3/s2kg X M1 X no harm in coming up with an

The new Features

International Buoyage System

Size

Considerations

Expert Insight

Identification

pg 15

WORKER Chaser was quite diligent.

She was then presented with three of her toys and correctly pawed, nosed or fetched each one depending on the command given to her.

Sit. Stay. Parse. Good Girl!By Yahoo. - January 17, 2011

Chaser proved to be a diligent when he was asked to fetch student. Unlike human children, something. Did he think of his she seems to love her drills and toys as items labelled fetch-ball, tests and is always asking for fetch-Frisbee, fetch-doll, or did he more. “She still demands four to understand the word “fetch” five hours a day,” Dr. Pilley said. separately from its object, as “I'm 82, and I have to go to bed to people do? NICHOLAS WADEget away from her.”

Dr. Pilley addressed the question One of Dr. Pilley's goals was to by teaching Chaser three different see if he could teach Chaser a actions: pawing, nosing and larger vocabulary than Rico taking an object. She was then acquired. But that vocabulary is presented with three of her toys based on physical objects that and correctly pawed, nosed or knocks down an earlier finding must be given a name the dog fetched each one depending on that dogs can distinguish between can recognize. Dr. Pilley found the command given to her. “That rational and irrational acts. himself visiting Salvation Army experiment demonstrates stores and buying up sacks full of conclusively that Chaser The danger of Clever Hans used children's toys to serve as understood that the verb had a effects may be particularly acute vocabulary items. meaning,” Dr. Pilley said. with border collies because they

The 1,022 words in Chaser's are bred for the ability to pay vocabulary are all proper nouns. close attention to the shepherd. Dr. Pilley also found that Chaser Dogs that ignore their master or could be trained to recognize the sheep do not become categories, in other words parents, a fierce selective common nouns. She correctly pressure on the breed's Chaser, a border collie who lives follows the command “Fetch a behaviour. “Watch a collie work in Spartanburg, S.C., has the Frisbee” or “Fetch a ball.” She with a sheepherder and you will largest vocabulary of any known

It was hard to remember all the can also learn by exclusion, as come away amazed how small a dog. She knows 1,022 nouns, a names Chaser had to learn, so he children do. If she is asked to gesture the person can do to record that displays unexpected wrote the name on each toy with fetch a new toy with a word she communicate with his dog,” said depths of the canine mind and indelible marker. In three years, does not know, she will pick it out Alexandra Horowitz, a dog may help explain how children Chaser's vocabulary included 800 from ones that are familiar. behaviour expert at Barnard acquire language. cloth animals, 116 balls, 26 College and author of “Inside of a Frisbees and a medley of plastic Haunting almost every interaction Dog.”Chaser belongs to John W. Pilley, items. between people and animals is a psychologist who taught for 30

the ghost of Clever Hans, a years at Wofford College, a liberal Children pick up about 10 new German horse that in the early arts institution in Spartanburg. In words a day until, by the time 1900s would tap out answers to 2004, after he had retired, he they leave high school, they know arithmetic problems with his hoof. read a report in Science about around 60,000 words. Chaser The psychologist Oskar Pfungst Rico, a border collie whose learned words more slowly but discovered that Hans would get German owners had taught him faced a harder task: Each sound the answer right only if the to recognize 200 items, mostly was new and she had nothing to questioner also knew the answer. toys and balls. Dr. Pilley decided relate it to, whereas children learn He then showed that the horse to repeat the experiment using a words in a context that makes could detect minute movements technique he had developed for them easier to remember. For of the questioner's head and teaching dogs, and he describes example, knives, forks and body. Since viewers would tense his findings in the current issue of spoons are found together. as Hans approached the right the journal 'Behavioural

number of taps, and relax when Processes'. Dr. Pilley does not know how he reached it, the horse knew large a vocabulary Chaser could exactly when to stop. He bought Chaser as a puppy in have mastered. When she 2004 from a local breeder and

(Humour)reached 1,000 items, he grew People project their expectations started to train her for four to five onto animals, particularly dogs, hours a day. He would show her

For the year to date the results and can easily convince an object, say its name up to 40 from the enhanced TSA Airport themselves the animal is times, then hide it and ask her to screening of the Department of achieving some humanlike feat find it, while repeating the name Homeland Security are:when in fact it is simply reading all the time. She was taught one

cues unconsciously given by its or two new names a day, with Transvestites Discovered – 133master. Even though researchers monthly revisions and Hernias Diagnosed --1,485are well aware of this pitfall, reinforcement for any names she Haemorrhoid Cases interpreting animal behaviour is had forgotten. Diagnosed --3,172particularly tricky. In the current Enlarged Prostates issue of Animal Behaviour, a Border collies are working dogs. Discovered --8,249leading journal, two previous They have a reputation for Breast Implants experiments with dogs have been smartness, and they are highly Discovered --59,350tired of teaching words and found wanting. motivated. They are bred to herd Natural Blondes moved to more interesting topics sheep indefatigably all day long. Discovered --3like grammar. 'In one report, researchers say Absent that task, they must be Terrorist Plots Discovered --0they failed to confirm an given something else to do or

One of the questions raised by experiment showing that dogs they go stir crazy. Cheaper than an MRI!the Rico study was that of what would yawn contagiously when

was going through the dog's mind people yawn. 'Another report

A NEW TRICK John W. Pilley, right,

taught Chaser after reading about a

dog whose owners taught him to

recognize and fetch 200 items.

(Note: If I can teach my dog why should I not be taught to remember and practice COLREGS? Ed.)

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Applying this in the context of the present charter, the Judge concluded that the approval letters had to be in place throughout the charter as per the warranty in Clause 18. In other words, at any time when offered to cargo buyers, the vessel must not be in

The Court considered what constitutes an “approval” letter from a state which to the knowledge of the owner would remove the an oil major. The charterer contended that the meaning of comfort of the warranted approvals to the potential purchaser of “approvals” or “approved” was a matter of plain and ordinary cargo. There would be a breach of warranty, for example, if English and that the correct interpretation in this context is that some event occurs which, to the knowledge of the owner, would, the owner warrants that the vessel has indeed been approved if known to the issuer of the approval letter, cause it to withdraw and will continue to be so throughout the charterparty. This, or cancel that approval.when applied to the letters relied on in this case, with their reservations and conditions, would mean that the owner had Regarding the “tbook” (“to the best of owner's knowledge”) obtained no approvals at all. The charterer's case, if accepted, qualification, the Judge observed that the term “tbook” cannot would have meant that this type of letter did not in fact constitute take an obligation beyond the extent of an owner's actual an approval in the context of the common charter requirement. knowledge and does not require the owner to make enquiries in

addition to those which would ordinarily be made in the course of However, the court considered the charterer's argument to be its business. However, on the facts of this case, he held that the “doomed by the overwhelming evidence”. It was agreed by the owner had breached its warranty that, to the best of its experts for both sides that the word “approved” was used in the knowledge and belief, the vessel was approved by the specified market at the relevant time (2007) to mean “acceptable to” oil oil majors and would remain so throughout the charterparty. In majors who might or might not, when the prospect of a real his view, it was inconceivable that the owner would have transaction arose, decide to approve that vessel. It was not the believed that the approval letters still applied in light of the practice of oil majors to grant approvals as such in advance. problems at Antwerp.Express approvals were given only for specific voyages, not for a period of time. So the letters in the form relied on by the owner, it Ted GrahamPartner, Londonwas agreed between the experts, are regarded in the industry as ted.graham@incelaw.comapproval letters, despite the fact that they may often state that Philippa LangtonSolicitor, Londonapproval has not been granted and should not be assumed. philippa.langton@incelaw.com

Meaning of “approvals” or “approved”

Our Knowledge / Publications / Commercial Court interprets the meaning of “approved” by Oil Majors

from pg1