Wait, did I forget my network?

Analyzing the Role of Weapons in the Precision Engagement Pillar

of Network Centric Warfare

J. Bryan Lail, 520-794-2727jblail@raytheon.com

Raytheon Missile Systems

What is Network Centric Warfare?What is Network Centric Warfare?What is Network Centric Warfare?What is Network Centric Warfare?

An information superiority-enabled concept of operations that generates increased combat power by networking sensors, decision makers, and shooters to achieve shared awareness, increased speed of command, higher tempo of operations, greater lethality, increased survivability, and a degree of self-synchronization• C4ISR Cooperative Research Program, Sep 02

NCW translates information superiority into “effects-based” combat power by effectively

linking knowledgeable entities in the battlespaceand enabling a new way of fighting wars

Whither Weapons?

Precision Engagement is acomponent of achieving NCW,requiring thorough tradeoffs& study across the kill chain

A Concept of Operations is how the wholewarfighting kill chain can viably work, whereanalysis can help determine the best CONOPS

DefinitionsDefinitionsDefinitionsDefinitions

Network Centric Warfare is a method for performing the whole kill chain with a completely new C2 doctrine, resulting in staying inside the enemy’s OODA loop and therefore more efficient warfighting

Effects-Based Warfare focuses on military applications for shaping behavior (friend and foe), where network centric warfare (the means) combined with technology (the enabler) can provide incredible new ways to provide that shaping quickly and overwhelmingly.

Time-Sensitive Targeting Process*Time-Sensitive Targeting Process*Time-Sensitive Targeting Process*Time-Sensitive Targeting Process*

* JP 3-60 Joint Doctrine for Targeting, 17 Jan 02 Ŧ i.e. Army Company size

DETECTDETECT

DECIDEDECIDE

STRIKESTRIKE IDENTIFYIDENTIFY

LOCATELOCATETARGETTARGET

RESTRIKERESTRIKE

ASSESSASSESS

Allocation to lower C2 units with shared battlespace awareness• Perform manned/unmanned strike missions more like ground unitsŦ, with authority to prosecute a battlespace within doctrinal/ROE limits• A critical component of achieving self-synchronization

Toolset for Warfighter-focused CapabilityToolset for Warfighter-focused CapabilityToolset for Warfighter-focused CapabilityToolset for Warfighter-focused Capability

• Assist in configuring/implementing joint battlespace

• Provide a tactics development/experiment capability– Provide operator-in-the-loop by linking platform, BM/C2,

communications, mission planning, and weapon centers– Represent varying levels of ROE, decision nodes and

timelines, sensor fusion, and effects of synchronization

• Demonstrate and test how Doctrine, Organization, and Training (DOT) changes are enabled by new weapon system concepts

DOT = Tech ?

DOT ≥ Tech ?

What are the roles of weapons in NCW?What are the roles of weapons in NCW?What are the roles of weapons in NCW?What are the roles of weapons in NCW?

• Destroy/Disable critical enemy information age capabilities– Enemy’s ability to coordinate between nodes and/or hit us

asymmetrically through attacking our networks/comms

• Contribute to knowledge on the warfighter network* - “L5”– Long range (anti-access), Loitering (persistence), Linked (data from

weapon), Looking (searching seeker), Labeling (identification)

• Respond to improvements in the warfighter network– Agile design and employment capability (retargeting weapon)– Enable tactics improvements by warfighter through flexibility

• Provide cost effective inventory that mitigates the concerns about “overlap” with shared battlespace awareness– Given greatly reduced fratricide, assess trade between “wasted

weapons” vs. “better target prosecution” and IOC date

• Weapon Data Terminals (WDT), Searching Seekers, and such technologies are the infostructure “entry fee” for weapon systems to enter into the Information Age, not the final effect!

* Further enabled by “S3” – Speed, Survivability, and Sensor-linked cueing

What functionality/tools do we need?What functionality/tools do we need?What functionality/tools do we need?What functionality/tools do we need?

• Finding the “right” C2 solution is very challenging – Represent the varying functionality and effect of future

solutions, allowing the insertion of high fidelity C2 sims– Assess Command and “Coordination” instead of “Control”

• Tools must be capable of assessing tactics changes– Network-enabled tactics changes are the real effects boost– Operator-in-the-loop tactics development

• Tools for future weapon concept representation– Weapon systems as contributors to PBA– L5, Speed, and Smaller weapons to “carry more”– Impact of varying SA on weapon effectiveness– Operator-in-the-loop for C2 and other MITL functions

Smart Autonomous w/2-way WDT, Searching Seeker,Provide RT SA during Loiter, Decide to Attack, BDI

Dumb Weapon withforward link terminal

TradeSpace

Modeling RequirementsModeling RequirementsModeling RequirementsModeling Requirements

Priority #1 – Analyst-friendly requirements analysis tool• Parameterize sensor/launcher placement, timelines, connectivity• Provide visual interface to alter parameters, automated results

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Priority #2 – Campaign model improvements for NCW• Requires a model that can be easily modified/upgraded• Scenario development fed from requirements analysis tool

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External Links- to anywhere

required, givencompatibleprotocols

Force on Force Models

Engineering Models (6 Dof)

Hardware in the Loop

Test Beds

Strike Test BedAir-to-Air Test Bed

Land Combat Test BedBMD/SNADS Test Bed

Distributed TestbedsDistributed TestbedsDistributed TestbedsDistributed Testbeds

Live Test Events

• Distributed testbeds are a method to simulate the breadth of the strike kill chain with each “piece” coming from anywhere and in any compatible form (Live test event, HITL, Engineering Simulation)

• Distributed testbed applications include:– CONOPS Demonstration and Development– Kill Chain Analysis at any level of fidelity required– Simulation-Based Acquisition (Warfighter/ITL Testing)– Training the warfighter to help them develop requirements

• Same core capability is used for demonstration, experimentation, concept proof, and DT/OT– System Analysis/Experiment, OFP Testing/Deployment

• A distributed testbed is not a campaign tool or a replacement for specialized constructive models

Distributed TestbedsDistributed TestbedsDistributed TestbedsDistributed Testbeds

See Interactive Visualization from Distributed Simulation Run (Strike_Testbed_Mar03.mov)

Testbed Performance PredictionTestbed Performance PredictionTestbed Performance PredictionTestbed Performance Prediction

Movie Demo – Future of TestbedsMovie Demo – Future of TestbedsMovie Demo – Future of TestbedsMovie Demo – Future of Testbeds

See Unmanned Airborne Weapon System Movie Demonstration (Strike_Testbed_Future.mov)

Are you SURE the target is 20ft below sea level?

• Most of the right basic tools existMost of the right basic tools exist− They aren’t They aren’t yetyet being used efficiently and directed for being used efficiently and directed for growth towards supporting the warfighter in experimenting growth towards supporting the warfighter in experimenting and defining requirements for netcentric operationsand defining requirements for netcentric operations

• The future of net-centric toolsets is in distributed The future of net-centric toolsets is in distributed testbeds linked to models with capability to assess testbeds linked to models with capability to assess NCW “means” to effects-based warfare “ends”NCW “means” to effects-based warfare “ends”

• Weapon systems will play a larger role in enabling Weapon systems will play a larger role in enabling net-centric operations than has been acknowledgednet-centric operations than has been acknowledged