waj 3105 number sence

7/28/2019 WAJ 3105 Number Sence

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What is Numerical Literacy?Also call Numeracy (UK)

or

Quantitative Literacy (USA)


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Numeracy is a proficiency(kecekapan) which isdeveloped mainly in mathematics, but also in other

subjects. It is more than an abilityto do basic arithmetic. It

involves developing confidence and competence withnumbers and measures.

It requires understanding of the number system, arepertoire (kumpulan) of mathematical techniques,and an inclination and ability to solve quantitative orspatial problems in a range of contexts. Numeracy alsodemands understanding of the ways in which data aregathered by counting and measuring, and presented ingraphs, diagrams, charts and tables.

Department for Education and Skills (UK)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_system


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Numeracyis the ability(Knowledge and skills) toreasonwith numbers (not just calculate withnumbers) and other mathematical concepts.

A numericallyliterate person can manage and respondto the mathematical demands of life.[1] Aspects ofnumeracy include number sense, operation sense,computation, measurement, geometry, probability and

statistics.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical


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Components of Numeracy Number system and Number sense

Operations sense

Arithmetic or computation (procedure) Measurement and units

Numerical patterns

Geometry

Probability and Statistics

Problem solving involving numbers or quantities


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Examples of competent in

numeracy Numerical test
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/NUmeracy/NumericalTEST.dochttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/NUmeracy/NumericalTEST.doc


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What is Number sense?

In mathematics education, number sense can refer to"an intuitive understanding of numbers, theirmagnitude, relationships, and how they are affected by

operations."

[1]

Many other definitions exist, but are similar to the one

given.

Some definitions emphasize an ability to work outside

of the traditionally taught algorithms,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_sensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_sensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_education


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What is Number Sense?

Number sense, like common sense is difficult todefine or express simply.

It refers to an intuitive feel for numbers and theirvarious uses and interpretations.

Number sense also includes the ability to computeaccurately and efficiently, to detect errors, and torecognize results as reasonable.

People with number sense are able to understandnumbers and use them effectively in everyday living.

Good number sense is also recognizing the relativemagnitudes of numbers and establishing referents, orbenchmarks, for measures of common objects andsituations in their environments.

-Helping Children Learn Mathematics (page 138).


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Researchers have linked good number sense with skillsobserved in students proficient in the following

mathematical activities:

mental calculation (Hope & Sherrill, 1987; Trafton,1992);

computational estimation (for example; Bobis, 1991;Case & Sowder, 1990);

judging the relative magnitude of numbers (Sowder,1988);

recognising part-whole relationships and place valueconcepts (Fischer, 1990; Ross, 1989) and;

problem solving (Cobb et.al., 1991).


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Important of number sense in

Prenumber Concepts: 1. Classifying- The ability to sort objects based on

attributes.

2. Patterns- The ability to create, construct, and describe

patterns. 3. Comparisons- The ability to compare the amount of

objects.

4. Conservation- The ability to conserve the value of anumber.

5. Group Recognition- The ability to recognize how manyobjects is in a small group of objects (5 or 6) and namethem properly. (This skill to instantly see how many in a

group is called subitizing).


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Important of number sense in Number Concepts:

Number sense refers to a person's generalunderstanding of number and operations along withthe ability to use this understanding in flexible ways tomake mathematical judgments and to develop useful

strategies for solving complex problems.

1. The ability to count objects. Counting processesreflect various levels of sophistication, beginning withrote counting and eventually leading to rapid skipcounting forward and backward. Counting skills areoften refined throughout our lives.


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Important of number sense in

Number Concept (contd)

2. Competence with and understanding of the numbers 0

through 10 are essential for meaningful later developmentof larger numbers.

3. Understanding relationships between sets of objects(such as more, less, equal).

4. The ability to say and write the digits correctly. 5. Understanding of other math notation (+, -, =).

6. The ability to use cardinal, ordinal, and nominalnumbers.


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Important of number sense in Place Value:

1. Understand how our numeration system works.

a. Place value: the position of a digit represents its value.

b. Our system is organized on a Base 10 system. Once youreach ten in a place you need to trade and make a newcollection.

c. Zero (0) is a symbol in our system and allows us torepresent the lack of something a collection in a

number. For example, 405 means there is nothing in thetens collection or column.

d. Additive Property- Numbers can be summed withrespect to place value. For example, 123 names the number

that is the sum of 100 + 20 + 3.


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2. The ability to count larger numbers.

a. See patterns like adding 10 doesntchange the value of the ones column.

b. Trading and renaming- moving from

one collection to another is one of the mostimportant skills for young students toacquire. The pattern of what happens after9 (or 19, 29, etc) can be very difficult forstudents to get, but they are critical forfuture computation.


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3. The ability to read and write numbers.

4. The ability to manipulate numbers to make mental

math and estimation possible.

5. To recognize that sometimes numbers are exact andothers are approximations.

Measurement is always an approximation because it canalways be made more precise.

If a pencil is 5 inches long, on a closer measurement it

might be seen as 4 inches long, on an even closerlook it might be seen as 4 5/8 inches long. This is animportant idea that leads into the need for fractionsand decimals in our number system


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Komputer dan Bahan Konkrit Mana lebih berkesan dalam pengajaran pengiraan?

A) Calculator atau kertas dan pensil atau abakus?

B) Dalam situasi apakah kalkulator sesuai dan tidaksesuai di gunakan?


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Membuat Anggaran (Estimation) Kenapa perlu membuat anggaran?

Apakah kelebihan dan kelemahan membuat anggarandalam kehidupan harian?


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Penyelesaian Masalah Model P. M. - Polya

Langkah-langkah penyelesaian

Teknik-teknik penyelesaian : teka dan uji, gambarajah Menyelesaikan masalah


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Ukuran Konsep utama ; panjang, berat, isipadu cecair

Unit penukuran

Penukaran unit Skala dan cara penggunaan


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Statistik Proses statistik

Kemahiran mewakilkan data dalam bentukgambarajah

Kemahiran menganalisis data dan memberiinterpretasi yang tepat

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