walk roundtable

7/21/2019 Walk Roundtable

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/walk-roundtable 1/48

1

Centre for Science andEnvironment

New DelhiJune 12, 2009

How walkable are our cities?



2

……..Why are we discussing walkingtoday?



3

Cost of inaction



4

2000-04: Delhi fought hard to getbreathing space

On fuel qualityIntroduced low sulphur fuels and petrol with 1 per cent benzene

Mandated pre-mix petrol to two- and three-wheelers

On vehicle technologyEnforced Bharat staae II emissions standards in 2000, five years ahead ofschedule (BS III in 2005)

On alternative fuelsImplemented largest ever CNG programmeLargest ever public transport bus fleet on natural gas

Other measuresCapped the number of three-wheelersPhased out 15 year old commercial vehiclesStrengthened vehicle inspection programme (PUC)Efforts made to bypass transit trafficSet up independent fuel testing laboratories to check fuel adulteration



5

Delhi got cleaner air: got health

benefits

PM10 at ITO Traffic Intersection

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

M i c r o g

r a m m e p e r c u

b i c m e t r e

PM10 trend projectionpre Supreme Court

directions

PM10 trend March 98- Dec 05,

Post Supreme Court directions



6

Delhi: at risk of losingDelhi: at risk of losing

gainsgainsAfter a short respite the curve turns upward

Source: CPCB

0

60

120

180

Res. Areas Ind. Areas

m i c r o g r a m / c u b i c m e t r e

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

0

30

60

Res. Areas Ind. Areas

m i c r o g r a m / c u b i c m

e t r e

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

NOxNOx levels Rising steadilylevels Rising steadily

PM10 levels rising againPM10 levels rising again



7

India: Proliferating hotspots

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

PM10 SO2 NO2

Critical

High

Moderate

Low

Source: Estimated based on CPCB data,Source: Estimated based on CPCB data,

comparison with residential area standardcomparison with residential area standard

Half of the cities are critically polluted due to high PM10, eveHalf of the cities are critically polluted due to high PM10, even NO2 is risingn NO2 is rising

in many of themin many of them – – a twin troublea twin trouble



8180Kanpur

169Noida166Jamshedpur168Jamshedpur10

185Firozabad

174Jalandhar183Agra169Lucknow9

189Lucknow184Kanpur187Jalandhar172Ghaziabad8

200Agra191Lucknow189Kanpur180Satna7

205Khurja205Agra190Satna186Kanpur6

206Satna213Satna192Lucknow206Agra5

211Ludhiana222Khanna203Raipur215Jalandhar4

215Khanna

229Gobindgarh233Ludhiana220Rajkot3

232Ghaziabad

251Ghaziabad241Gobindgarh256Ludhiana2

244Gobindgarh

253Ludhiana339Ghaziabad283Raipur1

Annual

averagelevels in

2007

Annualaveragelevels in

2006


2005


2004

Rank

Source: Computed from the data provided by the CPCB

Changing position of pollution hotspots



9Source: KCAI ASIA 2008

New generation challenge

Pollution, energy guzzling and warming…



10

Cities are ParalyzedCities are ParalyzedThe Crawling TrafficThe Crawling Traffic

Source: Anon 2008, Study on traffic and transportation policies and Strategies in Urban Areas in India, MOUD, p63

The average journey speed in Delhi (16 km/hr), Mumbai (16 km/hr)The average journey speed in Delhi (16 km/hr), Mumbai (16 km/hr) andand KolkataKolkata (18(18

km/hr): Abysmally poor compared to smaller citieskm/hr): Abysmally poor compared to smaller cities



11

Speed plummets

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

One way Second way One way Second way One way Second way

Morning peak Evening peak Off peak

>20

20-25

25-30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

< 50

Builiding up ofcongestion is

reflected by

increase in low -

speed roads in

the city

CRRI study on major arterial roads:

-- During the morning and evening peak -- 55-60 per cent of theroads have travel speeds less than 30 kmph.

-- Even during off-peak hours 40-45 per cent of the roads have travel speeds less than 30

kmph.

-- About 20 per cent have travel speeds less than 20 kmph throughout the day.

Source: City Development Plan



12

Roads hitting dead endRoads hitting dead endRoads expansion cannot keep pace with rising number of vehiclesDelhi is already privileged to have more than 20 percent of its and

area under road network

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

2500030000

35000

1 9 7 1 - 7 2 .

1 9 8 0 - 8 1 .

1 9 9 0 - 9 1 .

1 9 9 3 - 9 4 .

1 9 9 4 - 9 5 .

1 9 9 5 - 9 6 .

1 9 9 6 - 9 7 .

1 9 9 7 - 9 8 .

1 9 9 8 - 9 9 .

1 9 9 9 - 0 0 .

2 0 0 0 - 0 1 .

2 0 0 1 - 0 2 .

2 0 0 2 - 0 3 .

2 0 0 3 - 0 4 .

2 0 0 4 - 0 5 .

2 0 0 5 - 0 6 .

R o a d l e

n g t h i n k m s

0

2

4

6

8

1012

14

R o a d l e n g t h

p e r 1 0 0 0 v e h

i c l e s

Road length in kms

Road length per 1000 vehicles

Source: On the basis of Economic Survey, Delhi Govt



13

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000

Dhola Kuan to Raja Garden

Raja Garden to Azadpur

Azadpur to I.S.B.T.

I.S.B.T. to B.S.Gurudwara

B.S.Gurudwara to AIIMS

AIIMS to Dhola Kuan

PCU per hour

1990 2004

Peak volume traffic has increased phenomenallyNearly 123 per cent growth on many roads (in PCU/hour)

Source: Based on City Development Plan of Delhi, 2006, Eco Smart



Reinvent Mobility



15

Stunning dataStunning data……....

Source: Anon 2008, transport demand forecast study: study and development of an integrated cum multi modal public transport network for NCT of Delhi, RITES, MVA Asia Ltd, TERI, September

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

C

a r / t a x i

T w o W

h e e l e r

A u t o R i c k s h a w

B u s

M e t r o

T r a i n ( I R )

B i c y c l e

C y c l e R i c k s h a w

W a l k

C

a r / t a x i

T w o W

h e e l e r

A u t o R i c k s h a w

B u s

M e t r o

T r a i n ( I R )

B i c y c l e

C y c l e R i c k s h a w

All trips Only Vehicular Trips

V a l u e s

i n

P e r c e n t a g e

2001

(2007 - 2008)

Source: RITES



16

How many people walk in other cities?How many people walk in other cities?

Source: Anon 2008, transport demand forecast study: study and development of an integrated cum multi modal public transport network for NCT of Delhi, RITES, MVA Asia Ltd, TERI, September

Modal share of walking in key cities of India

28National

22> 80 lakh population

2540-80 lakh population



325- 10 lakh poplutation

57< 5 lakh population (hill terrain)

34< 5 lakh population (plain terrain)

Percentage walkingCities classified according to population

Source: MoUD 2008



17

We built walkable cities…….

Kolkata



18

Urban form and sustainability

Dense growth helps……

Delhi Kolkata Bangalore Mumbai

-- High density, mixed land use, and narrow streets make our cities walkable-- In a typical city the core can just be 5 km across and easily walkable within a

reasonable time.-- Studies show more than 40 to 50 per cent of the daily trips in many of ourcities have distances less than 5 kilometers.-- These have enormous potential to convert to walking and non-motorisedtrips.

Source: Urban age



19Source: Dr M K Chong, Singapore 2008, BAQ



20

Walking for work, education and services…..

Of all education trips – 58% walk tripsService and business trips – 31% walk trips (RITES 2001)

Walking and urban poor…….

About 60% of people live in low income localities. An earlier estimate shows 22% ofpeople with less than Rs 2000/month income walk in Delhi. Moving slums out to periphery

had sharply reduced women employment as accessibility became a problem

Disability and walking……

Samarthyam survey: 58% of the disabled found steps, ramps, difficult to negotiate; 45%

of elderly found steps and ramps daunting; 20%found uneven, narrow sidewalksdifficult. Engineering guidelines for disables are not implemented

Urbanity and life styleCorelation between active transportation (walking and cycling) and obesity: China –

1.8kg weight gain after and twice as likely to get obese for a Chinese who acquired acar. King County, US – people weigh 7 pounds less on an average in walkableneighbourhoods

Who walks in our cities?



21

Unacceptably high accident rates……..

Total number of road accidents are very high in Delhi –2.5 times higher than that of Kolkata, 2.1 times higher

than Chennai – personal vehicles cause most of theseaccidents….

Nearly half of fatal accidents in Delhi involve

pedestrians

High risk group…



22

We organised random survey to assess the state of walking facilities,walking environment, exposure to traffic and safety.

We walked through….-- The dedicated pedestrian path along the bus rapid transit corridor(Ambedkar Nagar to Chirag Delhi)

-- Connuaght Place, the central business district

-- Interstate Bus Terminus, an important interchange point-- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, a sensitive area-- Lajpat Nagar, prominent commercial area.-- Residential colonies of Patparganj, Chittaranjan Park and Alaknanda.-- Delhi Haat, a recreational site.

-- Nehru Place another commercial area

-- Seelampur Zaffrabad, and Govindpuri -- low income neighbourhoods

Volunteers participated ….

We have also guaged Perception of pedestrians….

We took a walk……



23

What have we found…..



24

Pedestrian walkway in BRT corridorbest amongst all ….

-Well designed and well surfaced.- Minimum width 1.5 metre -- goes upto 3.5 meterto 4 meters

- Sidewalks easily negotiable by women, childrenand senior citizens- Disabled friendly- Relatively clean, well maintained, andcontinuous.- At-grade-crosswalk facilities with zebra crossings

and pelican signals- Intersections are well designed and paved withspeed tables for traffic calming- Crossings are easily accessible with kerbedramps.- At grade crossings comfortable for old, disabledand visually impaired.

It is still short of the best benchmark as problemswith cross walk facilities have persisted – egpelican signal malfunctioning; increased waitingtime for pedestrians, auditory signal inaudible…..



25

Residential colonies rank poor

Patparganj: Highly encroached, dirty and unsafe

Pedestrians wriggle their way through the fast moving traffic.Zebra crossings have fadedThere are stretches without footpaths and that too adjacent to aschool.

The areas demarcated for the pedestrians are unpaved that forcepeople to walk in conflict with the motorized traffic.



26

Neighbourhoods of poor peopleCaptive pedestrians but suffer worst infrastructure

Govindpuri and Zaffrabad: Traffic and people on collision course…..

- Discontinuous, poorly paved footpaths, and not easily accessible

- Height and width of pavements violate norms

- Poor signages, no pedestrian refuge islands -- crosswalk are ordeal- No kerbed ramps or blended crossings to access the crosswalk facilities

- Exposure to traffic very high.



27

Indian style socialism

Aurangzeb Road and Govindpuri

We have counted 3 persons per 10 minutes in Aurangzeb Roadand 100 person per five minutes in Govindpuri

Urban planning does not keep people in focus



28

We have seen improvement as well…..

Connaught PlaceRebuilding and redesigning of pedestrian path has begun in somestretches…..

Janpath: congenial pedestrian ambience R K Marg: Walkable



29

After thought. But helps

…….Connaught Place

Older pavements remodelled to make them pedesrian friendly

Retrofitting change … but problem persist

Zebra crossing hits roadblock



30

Hospitals: Sensitive areaAIIMS

Design of sidewalks near AIIMS has improvedBut cloverleaf flyover has disrupted at-grade continuity, increased walking distance for theailing visitors using public transportAt least in one direction use of subway is unavoidableBut these are not handicap friendly and are without supportive toolsCloverleaf has completely severed neighbourhood, increased walking distance, disrupted

direct shortest route

Before After



31

Unusable infrastructure: Wasteful

Guidelines of Indian RoadCongress are outdated andinadequate

Eg. In the absence ofproper guidelines on heightof pavements, unacceptablyhigh pavements without

proper gradients are beingmade…..



32

No one thinks of disable

Narrow uneven sidewalks, high kerbs, steps, makesidewalks unusable for people with impairments

Only in the BRT corridor disable friendly features havebeen introduced.



33

Walkways motorised…….

Cars taking over the legitimate space of walkers



34

Jay walking….rampant

Seamless and signal free traffic is interrupting shortest direct route forpedestrians. This is inciting jay walking

Sai Chowk, Patparganj Scindia House, CP



35

Highly encroached….

Mother dairy, Patparganj: Highly encroached, dirty and

unsafe



36

User survey brings out disenchantment..

Main complaints -- uneven surface, potholes, obstruction, urinals, height ofthe pavement, fear of tripping, not enough pace in sidewalks …...

Pedestrians on BRT lane are happy with sidewalks.. have commented howtheir daily drudgery of walking has changed



37

Pedestrian plan needs linkage with public transportplan…….

In ISBT we have seen direct walkway connection between busstation and metro station..Need detailed guidelines for siting of bus stations, interchangepoints…



38

As skywalks and flyovers take over …….angry protestsbegin in our cities

-- Right To Walk campaigns in Hyderabad, Chennai.Angst against sky walks in Mumbai

Whither policy…..

Anger in cities



39

Surprises……

There are policies and laws…but don’t help

• National level…

– National Urban transport policy: Advisory

– JNNURM – CDPs can be effective instruments.

City level…many rules converge

-- CMVR safety rules -- passive protection: but says motorist cannot enterpedestrian way. Liable to penalty. Not enforced

--Indian Penal Code (sec 283), sec 34 of Delhi Police Act -- obstruction inpublic space punishable

-- Urban street vendor policy, 2007, to protect livelihood rights – Guidelinesfor proper vending zones. They are service providers on footpaths…

-- Master Plan 2021 provides for pedestrian facilities

-- Police Act provides for penalty for jaywalking-- Design and engineering guidelines (IRC) – outdated….

-- Disabilities Act 1995 (Sec 44) – guidelines for disable. Not enforced

• But these rules don’t add up to allow stringent enforcement…….

• People are not included in decision on pedestrian space.There is noimpact assessment of road infrastructure



40

Fundamental concern -- Pedestrianspace does not have legal protection

Yusuf Sarai near AIIMS, space usurped

Pedestrian space is

chipped away arbitrarily-- without consulting

people



41

Learning from others

What other governments are doing…..

Setting legal framework: Laws to pedestrianise as well as to reduce traffic volumes.

-- London, Road Traffic Reduction Act allows authorities to pedestrianise and reduce trafficlevels or their rate of growth in a particular area to reduce congestion and improve air quality.-- San Francisco has enforced Better Street Policy. New York city is promoting pedestrianinfrastructure.-- In Auckland The Land Transport (Road Users) Rule stops motorists from stopping, orparking on a footpath and give right of way to pedestrians etc.

Creating pedestrian space: Many US and European cities are creating walkable

neighbourhoods and fully pedestrian spaces. Copenhagen has done extensivepedestrianisation. So has Kaufingerstrafe in Munich, Nanjing Road in Shanghai. Zurich andOxford streets. Buenos Aires, Curitiba, Sai Paolo, Shanghai have begun to create car freeshopping streets. Studies show pedestrianisation of shopping areas has positive effects onsales. European Charter for Pedestrian Rights

Traffic calming measures

Car free housing and car free centres

Smart growth approaches and home zones



42

Our emerging policy opportunities…….

National level

JNNURM programmes can be leveraged to influence CDPs and mandate

pedestrian infrastructure and link with public transport plan – This has made adifference in Nanded. Also CDPs of Delhi, Faridabad, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad,and Bangalore have proposed pedestrian schemes…

JNNURM support for BRT projects in cities is another opportunity

Climate change mitigation efforts will help----- Urban Habitat Mission of Ministry of Urban Development-- Government of India proposal to Global Environment Facility (GEF) for climatemitigation. Proposed projects include non-motorised transport and pedestrianfacility for Hyderabad, Pune, Ajmer-Pushkar, Jalandhar, Thiruvananthapuram

In DelhiFraming of UTTIPEC guidelines for pedestrians in Delhi underway and expectedto be issued before the Commonwealth Games….

Investment planned for Commonwealth Games

Reforms of uidelines for urban roads



43

Way forward….

• Harmonise existing laws

• Legislate right to walk: Should we have comprehensive road users act?

• Make pedestrian plans mandatory to infrastructure funding

• Reform and mandate guidelines for pedestrian infrastructure

• Urban local bodies must conduct walkability audits

• Public transport plan needs linkage with pedestrian plan

• Commonwealth Games projects to rebuild pedestrian space in Delhi

• Need zero tolerance policy for accidents

• Involve communities on decisions on use of road space

• Adopt traffic volume reduction plan

•Small and medium towns need special attention

Can we continue to rely on thisCan we continue to rely on this



44

Can we continue to rely on thisCan we continue to rely on this

system?system?

Thank You



45

Engineering, Environment and TrafficVariables Together

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Mother dairy

Govindpuri

Seelampur and Zaffrabad

Nehru Place

AIIMS and Delhi Hat

Chitranjan Park and Alkananda

area

Patparganj

ISBT with metro rail link

Lajpatnagar

Cannaught Place

BRT corridor

V e r y P o o r

P o o r

M o d e r a t e

G o o

d

Good… bad … ugly…..



46

Engineering variables

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Govindpuri

Mother dairy

Nehru Place

Seelampur and

Zaffrabad

AIIMS and Delhi Hat

Patparganj

Chitranjan Park and

Alkananda area

Lajpatnagar

Cannaught Place

ISBT w ith metro rail

link

BRT corridor

P o o r

M o d e r a t e

G o o d

Environmental variables

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Mother dairy

Govindpuri

Seelampur and Zaff rabad

AIIMS and Delhi Hat

Chitranjan Park and Alkananda area

ISBT w ith metro rail link

Nehru Place

Patparganj

Lajpatnagar

Cannaught Place

BRT corridor

V e r y P o o r

P o o r

M o d e r a t e

G o o d




470 1 2 3 4 5 6


Mother dairy

Nehru Place

Govindpuri

AIIMS and Delhi Hat


Lajpatnagar

Patparganj


Cannaught Place

BRT corridor

V e r y P o o r

P o o r

M o d e r a t e

G o o d

Traffic Variables




48

Crosswalk FacilitySidewalk Facility

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Mother dai ry

Govindpuri


AIIMS and Delhi Hat

Nehru Place


Patparganj

Lajpatnagar


Cannaught Place

BRT corridor

V e r y P o o r

P o o r

M o d e r a t e

G o o d

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Govindpuri

Mother dairy


Nehru Place

AIIMS and Delhi Hat

Patparganj


Lajpatnagar

Cannaught Place

ISBT with metro rail l ink

BRT corridor

V e r y P o o r

P o o r

M o d e r a t e


walk roundtable

Documents