wall sections-built examples

7/30/2019 Wall Sections-Built Examples

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Sote layoutscale 1:10001st floorGround floorSectionsscale 1:250

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Example 1

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Example 6

House in Hellerup, Denmark1995Architects:Frederiksen & Knudsen, CopenhagenAssistants:Ulrik Schwanenflugel,Carsten N0hr LarsenStructural engineer:Kurt Thybo, Hellerup

The captivating design of this three-storeydetached house is due to its distinctive position within the streetscape, its forecourt enclosed by masonry walls, the capacious settingof the entrance and the clear lines of the building itself. The house was sited towards the rearof the plot in order to retain an existing baywhich determined the atmosphere of the loca-tion. The simple plan layout results from a distinct north-south zoning of the functional areasof the house. Arranging the levels of the houseoffset by half a storey with respect to the surrounding ground level places the entrance onthe level of the children's bedrooms. Diningarea and kitchen look out onto a sunken terrace in the garden on the southern side. Thespacious living room with fireplace is locatedon the second floor; it faces south and com-mands a good view across the waters of TheSound. The second floor also contains a studyand the master bedroom.The skill of the design is not apparent at firstsight. The external wal ls of the house are constructed from two 110 mm leaves with 130 mmcavity insulation, while the single-leaf load-bearing transverse wall is 170 mm thick. Precast concrete planks were used for the floors,the roof structure is of timber. Large spans, likeover the window openings of the south eleva-tion, make use of additional steel members. ffiThe other openings have been kept small and Wcorrespond to the structural requirements ofthe 110 mm masonry. The unorthodox facadearrangement is explained by the fact that thefenestration was chosen to suit the atmosphereof the interior and provide certain picturesqueviews.The whitewashed masonry is left exposedinternally as well, with the exception of the bluewalls to the staircase.This project shows that careful planning, par-ticularly with respect to the building servicesnormally encountered in the walls, and accu-rate structural analysis can provide a future formasonry in a "slimline" construction as well.

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Location planscale 1:750SectionsUpper floorGround fl()()(Basementscale 1:200


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House in Hellerup

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1 Lobby2 Hall3 Room4 Bathroom5 Kitchen6 Dining area 97 Guest's bedroom8 Wine cellar9 Living room

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Example6

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Section through south facadeH o n ~ o n t a l section through corner glazing detailSection through north facadescale 1:20

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1 Sheet znc capp1ng2 Laminated veneer lumber ( lVL). 16 mm3 Windowframe,50 x 100x 3.2 mm steel hollow sectiOn4 Floor construction:20 mm wooden planks50 x 50 mm Imber supporllng construcbonbmber levelling layer180 mm lightweght concrete slab5 Column, 115 mm d1a steel crcular hollow secbon6 Woodfalumonium Window, With onsulatong glazong7 Extending marquise8 Slid1ng door I ttongsg Slid1ng door0 Concrete pav1ng slabsFloor construction:20 mm natural stone tiles m varying lengths30 mm mortar bed100 mm reinforced concrete75 mm rigid mineral wool200 mm gravel2 Bitumen sheeting, welded on3 Lightweight concrete brickwork4 Insulating glazing, flush with outside face

15 Renforced plas ter16 Comer column, 60 x60 x 4 mm steel hollow sectoon17 Guard rail mounted on window frame18 Roof construcbon:waterproofing21 mmwaterproofLVL

F1rnng pieces75 x 200 mm raftersthermalonsulabon, 180 mm moneral woolvapour barner50 x 50 mm battens13 mm plasterboard, 21ayers

19 Wall construction:115 mm clay brickwork With whitewash flmsh110 mm thermal insulatoon115 mm clay brickwork with whitewash f1nish

20 Steel angle, 100 x 150 x 10 mm21 Steel angle, 75 x 100 x 9 mm22 Cav1ty closer, 2 mm aluminium sheet23 Cladd1ng, alumimum sheet24 Steel channel, 220 mm25 Steel angle, 50 x 30 x 4 mm, with white coating26 Glass door to lobby27 Entrance doors

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28 Wooden planks, courbanl29 Lightweight concrete slab, 180 mm30 Chpboard 20 mm31 Doormat32 Steel open-grid floorong33 Steel angle, 80 x 80 mm34 Renforced concrete wall, 135 mm

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Example9

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Houses will walled gardensSection Ground floorscale 1:250Sectionsscale 1:20Laminated veneer lumber (LVL)board, with bitumen sheet waterproofing

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102 mm facing clay brickwork28 mm air space60 mm thermal insulation100mm calcium silicate brickwol'k15 mm plasterDamp proof courseSteel angle, 80 x80 x 8 mmWooden window, with insulatingglazingWindow sill, aluminium sheetBuilt-in bench, precast concreteBracket, bent steel sheet,500x80mmVentilation pipe, grille in facadeWaterproofing, bitumen sheeting, 1 layer


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Example 10

Two apartment blocks in Berlin, Germany1997Architects:Tim Heide and Verena von Beckerath, BerlinAssistants:Rainer Schmitz (project manager).Heike Lauterbach, Wolfgang RehnSite manager:Wolfgang Garsch, BerlinStructural engineer:Jorg Wiese, Berlin

Following on from the inter-city housing developments of the 1980s, housing estates continuedto be built and added to on the north-eastboundary of Berlin after German unification.New urban development strategies wereintended to do justice to the great demand forhousing. These two isolated blocks are part ofa general plan. The four-storey buildings without basements both contain three apartmentson each upper floor (each with three roomsplus kitchen, bathroom) and two smaller apartments on the ground floor, which leaves spacefor ancillary rooms.The simple two-apartment format was developed within the scope of the guidelines forpublicly assisted housebuilding. The staircaseand the ground floor storage rooms, whichreplace cellars, form the central core. Thisarrangement enables a slim plan layout andenables occupants to utilize the space to thefull. The spacious hallways can be used fordifferent purposes as required and may alsobe subdivided by way of a sliding door. Bathrooms and kitchens are placed on ex1ernalwalls to permit natural lighting and ventilation.Walls of calcium silicate masonry with reinforced concrete floors and beams form theloadbearing structure. The outer leaf, with airspace behind, of blue-brown, facing bricks,hard-burned almost to vitrification, forms thefinish on three sides of each block; on thegarden elevation all floors have full-width balconies. The masonry facades are regular andidentical. The room-height glazing is positionedin the plane of the thermal insulation and iscombined with a sliding shutter of perforatedstainless steel and a galvanized steelbalustrade. The shutter finishes flush with thefacade and can be slid into a shallow recess inthe masonry, which results from the outer leafof masonry being set back into the cavity.

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Ground floor Upper floorSectionscale 1:400

1 Titanium-zinc sheet capping2 Cast-in slot3 Wa ll construction:

115 mm facing brickwork40 mm air spacethermal insulation, 60 mm mineral woolor 60 mm external insulation behind slidingelements175 mm calcium silicate brickwork15 mm plaster

4 Open perpend5 Galvanized steel angle, 80 x 130 x 10mm6 Rustproof track for twin-wheel roller7 Galvanized steel angle, 30 x 30 x 3 mm

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Facade detailsHorizontal section Vertical sectionscale 1.20

8 Galvanized steel angle, 20 x 30 x 3 mm9 Stainless steel sheet with elongated perforations, 1 mm , edges not perforated10 Spandrel element of 10 x 40 mmgalvanized steel sections11 Plastic track12 Support bracket fixed to cast-in slot13 External insulation. 60 mm rigid expandedfoam14 Reinforced concrete ground slab15 Waterproofing, bitumen sheeting16 Timber boarding, 28 mm17 Rafters, 100 x 160 mm

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Example 13

Youth hostel in Dachau, Germany1998Architect:Rudolf Hierl, MunichAssistants:Peter Hofman (project manager) ,Dominik Fischer, Maleen Fromm,Nadja Herrmann, Michaela Oswald,Jeannette Quecke, Ulrike Rechler,Bernhard Schambeck, Oliver Schubert,Tanja WieneckeStructural engineer:Hans Tischner, Dachau

This facility, run by the German Youth HostelsAssociation, is more than just a youth hostel.Situated near the former Nazi concentrationand extermination camp, it acts as a centre forgetting to grips with the dark side of Germany'shistory. The architectural form is intended toreflect both the functions of the building butalso this special task. Apart from the mainbuilding, there is also a building for the staffand the separate "Raum der Stille" (Room ofSilence). These three structures frame a tranquil inner courtyard -a garden and structuredspace, which is ideal for understanding andexperiencing the serious issues that dominatethis place. The restrained architectureresponds to its surroundings by limiting thematerials used to timber and facing brickworkof light-coloured concrete bricks. The textureof the building emphasizes the low-rise, elongated form; both in terms of the size and thestyle of the facade. The main building covers alarge area and so two storeys are adequate. Itmeasures 24.5 x 60 m and is arranged as twoparallel blocks either side of a central circulation zone. The architectural setting distinguishes between the different materials. Forinstance, on the west side of the building, thewooden recesses for windows and sunshadeson the ground floor are juxtaposed with theconcrete masonry lintels and spandrel panelsof the upper floor. Placing the masonry abovethe timber is a reversal of our customary ideasand introduces a different reality to challengethe perception of the observer. This is an artistic contrivance for reminding us of the specialimportance of this place. The wall constructionis conventional - partial-fill cavity wall withouter leaf supported on individual brackets -but incorporates special details that emphasizeand preserve the restful uniformity of thestretcher bond. Such details include the mortarjoints raked out to a depth of 15 mm and themovement joints which zigzag to follow thebond.

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Ground floorUpper floorSectionsscale 1:600

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1 Raum der Stille2 Staff accommodation3 Hall4 Dining room5 Seminar room6 Cafeteria7 Reception8 Managementg Ubrary

Youth hostel in Dachau

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Example 13

Section through east facadescale 1:20 A

Canopy construction:0 .7 mm titanium-zincsheet metal roof covering,with standing seamsbitumenized non-woven glass fibresheetingwelded bitumen sheeting, 1 layer24 mm timber boardingbattens to form fallprecast concrete element2 Wedge-shaped insulation, wi th foil. 453 Grave l, 40/50 mm4 Flat roof construction:80 mm vegetation layerfilter, 5 mm non-woven fabric40 mm drainage layerwaterproofing, 2 mm PVCthermal insulation, 140 mm rigidexpanded foamwelded bitumen sheeting, 1 layerbituminous undercoat180 mm reinforced concrete slab5 Lining to opening, larch, 20 mm,glazed finish

6 Wooden window, larch,glazed finish, insulating glazing7 Roll-over stop, steel channel,70x60x 1 mm8 Wall construction:90 mm concrete br icks, water-repellent60 mm air spacethermal insulation, 80 mm mineral fibre160 mm reinforced concrete wall

9 Joints. water-repellent,recessed 15 mmreinforcement to some bed joints10 Support for masonry outer leaf,individual brackets

11 Steel angle. 85 x 85 x 10 mm12 Insect screen,perforated aluminium sheet13 Multiplex board, veneered, 16 mm14 Wooden window, oak , glazed finish,insulating glazing15 Terrace construction:20 mm reconstituted stone pavings

60 mm screed, reinforcedseparating membrane, 0.2 mm po lyethylene sheetingthermal insulation, 80 mm rigidexpanded foamwelded sheeting, 2 layersbituminous undercoatscreed laid to 1 5% fa ll120 mm reinforced concrete slab16 Grating , galvanized, 40 x 3 mm17 Steel angle, 60 x 60 x 8 mm18 Waterproof reinforced concrete,300mm19 Plinth construction:60 mm precast concrete elementthermal insulation , 60 mm rigidexpanded foamwelded bitumen sheeting150 mm reinforced concrete wall20 Precast concrete parapet21 Wall construction, timber stud wall :16 mm multiplex board30 x 50 mm battens0 .2 mm airtight membrane19 mm chipboard140 x 60 mm timber studs140 mm thermal insulationvapour barrier, aluminium foil20 mm chipboard, maple veneer

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Example 25

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Sectionsscale 1:250Section through north facadeSection through south facadescale 1:201 Timber section, g5 x 45 mm2 Timber section, 240 x 35 mm3 Roof construction:standing seam roof covering, zincsheetroofing feltlaminated veneer lumber (LVL)board, 16mm220 mm rafters200 mm thermal insulationbetween raftersvapour barrier

20 mm boarding20mm battens13 mm plasterboard4 Timber section, 50 x 50 mm5 LVL board, 12 mm, waterproof6 Zinc flashing7 Single glazing, fixed

8 Hardwood frame, oiled, withinsulating glazing9 Thermal insulation, 30 mm rigidexpanded foam

Housing development in Rungsted

10 Wall construction:115 mm facing brickwork150 mm thermal insulationvapour barrier120 mm reinforced concrete11 Damp proof course12 Shallow lintel, clay13 Rendering, 20 mm14 lightweight clay bricks,

150x90mm15 lightweight clay bricks,190x400mmm16 Timber section, oak17 Floor construction:parquet flooring on supportingmembersdamp proof membranereinforced concrete slab18 Plasterboard, 13 mm

19 Window sill, MDF board, 30 mm

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Example 29

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Town hall2nd fl()()(1st floorGround floorNorth elevationSectionsscale 1:400Section through north facadescale 1:201 Roof construction:

60mm gravelprotective membrane, non-woven fabncwaterproofing and thermal insulation of 80 mm in-situplastic foam200 mm reinforced concrete slab15 mm gypsum plaster2 Capping, 0.2 mm coppe r sheet3 MDF board, 15 mm4 Wall construction:gneiss stone. 200-500 x 100-170 x 100-250 mmcement mortar with galvanized reinforcing latticethermal insulation, 80 mm in-situ foam150 mm clay brickwork15 mm gypsum plaster5 Floor construction:10 mm parquet flooring70 mm cement screedseparating membrane20 mm impact sound insulation220 mm reinforced concrete slab15 mm gypsum plaster6 Fair-face concrete surface7 Thermal insulation, 30 mm rigid expanded foam8 Window sill, 40 mm reconstituted stone9 Column, steel circular hollow section, 200 dia. x 5.6 rnrr10 Glass bricks, 200 x 200 x 80 mm

11 Steel channel. 120 x 80 x 5 mm12 Precast concrete threshold13 Granite slabs, 40 mm, on sand or cement bed


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Community bu ildings in lragna

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Example 8

School , Paspels, Switzerland1999Architect:Va lerio Olgiati, ZurichAssistants:Iris Datwyler, Gaudenz Zindel,Raphael ZuberStructural engineer:Gebhard Decasper, Chur

The little vil lage of Paspels, about 20 km southof Chur, has enriched the Swiss architecturallandscape with its new school building. Here inan Alp ine setting, this is a remarkable exampleof contemporary building design. The viewerdoes not suspect that the client of this schoolbuilding, with its amazingly simple, unequivo-ca l design by Valerio Olgiati, is a tiny mountainvillage with a population of just 400. The architect has created a building that clearly standsout from its counterparts in neighbouring communities. Apart from its very economical footprint, it employs only materials fami liar to theloca l inhabitants from the local agriculturalstructures. The three-storey fair-face concretebuilding rises like an outcrop of rock from thesu rrounding meadow. It is only the fenestrationthat discloses the fact that this is a building foruse by humans. Th e varying treatment of circulation and working zones within the building isalso reflected in the facade. The wide windowsof the wood-lined classrooms are set in deep section aareveals, flush with the inner face. Each windowprojects a d ifferent but clearly defined extractof the surroundings into the classroom. Windows positioned flush with the outer face arelocated at all places where light is admitted tothe corridors and stairwells constructed exclusively in concrete. The cruciform access layoutenables daylight to enter from all directions,which leads to ever-changing impressions ofthe interior over the course of a day. In structural terms, the concrete in ternal walls, castmonoli thically with the floor slabs, form an independent loadbearing frame, which is connectedto the enclosing fair-face concrete facade onlyby means of individual shear pins. All the junc-tions between wa lls and floors/ceilings areclearly delineated by way of deep rebates. 1st floor

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School, Paspels

Detailscale 1:2002 In situ reinforced concrete12 Steel13 Aluminium40 Thermal insulation. 120 mm53 Sealing compound. resistant to UV radiation87 Window element90 Roof construction:copper roof coveringbitumenised felt

30 mm timber boarding100 mm battens I air spaceroofing felt. bonded over entire surface2 layers of 100 mm thermal insualtionvapour barrier260 mm reinforced concrete slab91 Floor construction:

20 mm granolithic concrete80 mm cement screed incorporating pipes forunderfloor heatingseparating layer40 mm impact sound insulation280 mm reinforced concrete fair-face slab

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Example 15

Detached house, Berlin, Germany1999Architects:OIKOS, Peter Herrle andWerner Stoll, BerlinAssistants:Amun Bieser, Tobias SchmachtelStructural engineers:Wilhelm & Wulle, Stuttgart

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This private house on the outskirts of Berlinconsists of two halves joined by a glass link.There is a separate apartment on the groundfloor with its own entrance at one end of theglass link. The narrow concrete block on thenorth side contains the utility rooms and theentrance, in the long north facade. The livingquarters are situated on the south side, in thetimber block with pitched roof.The ends of the concrete block are closed offwith inset timber facades. Their horizontal battens of untreated larch wood match the timberfacade of the southern block. This facade consists of prefabricated timber-frame elements8 m high, clad both ins1de and outside w1th thehorizontal larch wood battens. The timber battens also enclose the two terraces at the western end of the southern block, and are omittedon the narrow side facing the garden only.Concrete and timber dominate the interior. Thesteps of the fair-face concrete stair cantileverfrom the face of the -likewise- fair-face concrete wall to the northern block. The stair leadsto a gallery on the upper floor, which permitsaccess to the accommodation in the southernblock.The unequivocal external architecture of thehouse is reflected in the interior.

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Location planscale 1:2000Plansscale 1:2001 Kitchen2 Lobby3 lncom1ngservices4 Bathroom5 Study6 Uv1ng

room7 Terrace8 Separateapartment9 Room10 Dress1ng room

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Detailscale 1:2002 Reinforced concrete,200mm21 Plasterboard, 12.5mm2g Screed32 Glass g140 Thermal insulation,

100mm43 Bitumenised felt (water-proofing)48 Separating layer50 Vapour barrier87 Window element90 Roof construction:synthetic waterproofinglayer

separating layer100 mm polyurethanethermal insulationvapour barrier160mm fair-faceconcreteFloor construction:15 mm bamboo parquetflooring21ayersof 19 mmcomposition boardseparating layer100 mm polyurethanethermal insulationvapour barrier160mm fair-faceconcrete

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Example ASection through mezzanine floor

The mezzanine floor is constructed as acomposite slab. In this example, a galvanised and coated profiled sheeting withdovetail slots on the underside is used inconjunction with a concrete topping. Theedges are reinforced with sheet metalwhich at the same time serves as permanent formwork for the edges of the concrete topping. Composite columns andslabs with reinforcement in the concretehave a higher fire resistance than steel onits own and therefore do not need to beclad (see also page 16).D bThe columns to the mezzanine floor aremainly loaded in compression. At the topand bottom they are held in position whichmeans that the column base requires onlya simple connection. Such steel components, e.g. barriers, facade members, butalso columns that need to be held in position only, are secured with drilled anchors,normally undercut anchors. However, ifhigher loads have to be accommodated,resin or bonded anchors can be used,but these entail more work during erection. After drilling a hole in the concrete,the hole is cleaned out and filled with atwo-part resin mixture into which athreaded bar or an anchor is inserted asaccurately as possible. After the resin hascured, the component can be bolted intoplace. Construction tolerances and subsequent changes to the layout can therefore be compensated for, taking intoaccount the edge clearance distancesand thicknesses of the components, andthe erection work can continue withoutinterruption.

wall sections-built examples

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