walnut improvement program 2012walnutresearch.ucdavis.edu/2012/2012_3.pdf · 2013-02-05 ·...

WALNUT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM 2012 Chuck Leslie, Reid Robinson, Gale McGranahan, Abhaya Dandekar, Rich Rosecrance, Kathy Anderson, Joe Grant, Janet Caprile, Bill Coates, Rick Buchner, Janine Hasey, David Doll, Bill Olson, Sudhi Mysore, Wes Hackett, Morgan McMahon, Malli Aradhya, and Dianne Velasco ABSTRACT The goals of the Walnut Improvement Program are to provide improved walnut cultivars for the California walnut industry and to develop new rootstock varieties with pathogen and abiotic stress resistance while simultaneously increasing knowledge about the genetics of the crop and maintaining breeding resources. The primary objective of scion breeding is to develop cultivars with early harvest dates and good kernel color. This year we released a new scion variety ‘Solano’, formerly selection 95-011-16, with early to mid-season timing, excellent kernel color, a solid attractive shell, and an upright growth habit. Wood has been provided over the last two years to nurseries for increase and production. ‘Solano’ is now available to growers and is expected to be similar to Vina in timing but with better color and tree structure. This year we continued evaluation of 69 advanced scion selections and over 4200 seedlings on campus and in state-wide grower trials. Several advanced selections with Payne-time to mid-season harvest dates continue to show promise. Approximately 260 backcross seedlings, mostly 4th generation crosses tested virus resistant by DNA marker analysis, are under evaluation for yield, bearing habit, and nut traits. Over 400 trees from controlled crosses between Chandler and Idaho continue to be evaluated to generate phenotypic data need for walnut genomics and development of DNA markers for use in breeding selection. Field and tissue culture germplasm collections continue to be maintained and shared for use in collaborative research projects. The current field trial of transgenic crown gall resistant rootstock selections continues to be evaluated and used for graft union studies and additional trials have been initiated at sites suitable for pathogen resistance testing in the field and for producing nursery-grafted trees for future orchard trials. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the Walnut Improvement Program are:

• To provide the California walnut industry with improved walnut cultivars and rootstocks

• to develop knowledge that will increase the efficiency of walnut breeding • to develop and maintain an array of traits available for breeding in the future

The program consists of several projects with specific objectives:

• The classical cultivar breeding project uses traditional methods to develop and release new cultivars that combine precocity (high early yield) and early harvest date with kernel quality, in-shell traits, and disease resistance.

• The backcross breeding project is designed to introduce resistance to blackline disease from the Northern California black walnut into a commercially acceptable English walnut cultivar.

• The rootstock improvement project seeks genetic solutions to rootstock related problems including Phytophthora, nematodes, crown gall and Armillaria. Rootstock breeding and gene insertion methods are used to develop new genotypes which are multiplied for testing in conjunction with the clonal propagation project.

California Walnut Board 3 Walnut Research Reports 2012

• New technologies that increase the efficiency of breeding and the range of genetic material available for walnut improvement continue to be evaluated and adapted to walnut breeding as opportunities arise.

• Germplasm collections are maintained and augmented when possible for future breeding use and are available for other researchers.

PROCEDURES Scion cultivar breeding. Seedlings for evaluation are generated through controlled crosses. This involves bagging of female flowers prior to anthesis, collection and storage of pollen for up to a year, and careful timing in application of the appropriate pollen to receptive flowers. This approach results in a lower number of seedlings produced annually than other methods attempted in the past and increases the resources needed for the crossing effort but better optimizes the annual land costs and investment of resources in the evaluation process. The crossing designs used during the 2007-2011 seasons place priority on crossing the best high kernel quality, nut trait and yield selections with the earliest harvesting selections as shown in the Tables 1-5. Seed from these crosses is collected in the fall before nut drop and air dried before storing chilled until the end of harvest season. To ensure the highest possible germination, nuts are chipped open at the blossom end using a “Texas Nut Cracker” which opens a hole in the shell without damaging the embryo. Nuts are then immersed in cold, slowly running, water for 2 days before planting in flats of vermiculite in the greenhouse. As nuts begin to germinate they are planted in large tree tubes in containing UC Mix for growth in the greenhouse. The resulting seedlings are chilled for 2 months in a cold room to give them their first year of dormancy. In the spring the dormant seedlings are planted in a nursery bed for a year. For many years Burchell Nursery has generously grown these seedlings and then dug the trees for orchard planting at UC Davis. Seedlings from these crosses are planted on relatively close spacing (5’) in the orchard and any that appear terminal bearing or have signs of inbreeding (dwarfs, extra-lates etc.) are culled at age 3 to 4. By age 5, trees with continued appearance of low yield or other problems are also cut down. Full evaluations are undertaken only on precocious and laterally fruitful individuals. Surviving seedlings are evaluated for phenology (leafing, flowering and harvest dates), precocity, lateral fruitfulness, estimated yield, blight incidence, and crack-out characteristics (shell shape, texture, thickness and strength, kernel weight, percent kernel, and kernel color, fill, plumpness and ease of removal in halves). Data is evaluated at an annual crackout evaluation meeting that includes growers, processors, nurserymen, and farm advisors. Participants inspect kernel boxes and data sheets to identify possible selections. Data available includes current year field and crack-out data, performance data from past years, Diamond evaluations and computer-assisted selection. Team evaluations are followed by a general group discussion of each team’s recommendations. Promising individuals are repropagated into selection blocks (currently located at Chico, Kearney and Davis) and to grower trials where evaluations continue. The off-campus selection blocks are managed in cooperation with Rich Rosecrance (Chico) and the Kearney Ag Station


field staff. Grower field trials are an essential component of releasing a new cultivar. We continue to evaluate current trials, seek opportunities to expand at current locations, and attempt to identify growers interested in participating at additional locations. In addition to evaluating seedlings of crosses designed to produce new varieties for growers, we continue to evaluate a large set of over 400 trees from a Chandler x Idaho cross designed to give significant segregation for traits of interest in evaluating varieties. The purpose of evaluating this set of trees is to be able to correlate the accumulated, phenology, yield, bearing habit, nut, and kernel trait data with unique DNA coding regions that can be used to develop markers. Once developed, the markers could then be used to speed selection by identifying, while the seedlings are still very young, those most likely to express desirable mature-tree traits. Accurate characterization of this large population is essential for eventually developing useful markers for breeding. Backcross breeding for scion varieties resistant to cherry leafroll virus. The backcross breeding project is designed to introduce genetic resistance to blackline disease from northern California black walnut into a commercially acceptable English walnut cultivar. Crosses are conducted using the same methods as in conventional cultivar breeding but the selection process includes and additional component of screening for virus resistance. The first backcross cull is based on shell thickness and percent kernel; those exhibiting the black walnut shell characteristics are discarded. Those that are promising are tested by PCR for hypersensitivity to the cherry leafroll virus as reported in Walnut Research Reports (1998) and modified more recently (see WRR 2003). The fidelity of the marker used for selection has been improved by Sudhi Mysore but marker selection still has a 10% chance of error. As potential parents and selections advance in the program, there is a need for more stringent testing for hypersensitivity. This additional screening process is described in previous papers: a selection is grafted on both black and English rootstock (two each); after the graft is established, bark from our CLRV-source trees is patched into the English rootstock or into the selection depending on the rootstock species. If the selection is hypersensitive it will survive on the black rootstock because the inoculum patch was rejected, and die (exhibiting a black line) on the inoculated English rootstock. Confirmed hypersensitive, thin-shelled individuals with the best commercial traits are then used as parents for the next generation of backcrosses to an English walnut parent. New technologies for genetic improvement of walnut In addition to conventional field breeding, the Walnut Improvement Program utilizes tissue culture and gene transfer techniques to enhance or develop traits of commercial interest, continues to establish and evaluated field trials of transgenic plants, and is working to help facilitate adaption of genomics information from Walnut Genomics Project into practical markers for more efficient selection of key traits in the breeding process. Current laboratory work includes improvements in micropropagation methods, enhancement of procedures for introducing material to culture, better ways to control and eliminate contamination, methods for bench-budding small containerized plants, and generally increasing efficiency of clonal plant production for commercial use.


Germplasm resources Germplasm collections are maintained and augmented when possible for future breeding use and are available for other researchers. Current field collections at Wolfskill and Davis include a diversity of California cultivars, leading cultivars and selections from around the world, material with unusual traits, and germplasm of interest for rootstock development. Our collection differs in emphasis, content, distribution policy, and cultural practices from that of the USDA Germplasm Repository. The in vitro germplasm collection is maintained in the laboratory. It includes diverse scion and rootstock genotypes which are maintained for experimental use and to supply material to both research and commercial labs on request. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Cultivar breeding The conventional scion breeding portion of the improvement program currently includes over 4200 seedlings under evaluation in our orchard and 69 selections under evaluation at Davis and in state-wide selection blocks and grower trials (Table 1). Phenology, yield and nut trait data on the advanced selections under evaluation are provided in Tables 2-5 and a description of selections can be found in Appendix 1. A new variety, ‘Solano’ (95-011-16), was released this year. This is an early-mid-season variety with leafing, bloom, and harvest dates very similar to Vina but with better color and a more upright branch structure. Yield in trials has been excellent and Solano produces uniform nuts with good appearance and solid shells. Overlapping pollen sources include Tulare, Chandler and Howard. Due to its later leafing and male-first bloom habit, this variety is anticipated to be more suitable for planting in the Sacramento Valley than Ivanhoe and the nuts are larger with a stronger shell. A plant patent is pending and this variety is now available from commercial nurseries. Further data on this selection can be found in Appendix 1 and Tables 6-10.

Pedigree of ‘Solano’ (UC95-11-16).


‘Ivanhoe’, a very early harvesting variety with excellent kernel color, which was released to nurseries and growers two years ago, continues to exhibit harvest timing equivalent to, or earlier than, ‘Payne’ and ‘Serr’ with good production of extra light kernels. The early leafing and flowering dates suggest planting primarily in the southern part of the Central Valley. The female flowers of Ivanhoe open before its pollen sheds. ‘Serr’ or ‘Payne’ are good pollen sources for this variety. Ivanhoe trees are not expected to be large in stature and this variety should probably be grown on Paradox rootstock to ensure sufficient vigor. See additional information in the ‘Description of Selections’ section of this report (Appendix 1). We also continue to collect data on observations on performance of the three walnut varieties patented in 2006: ‘Sexton’, ‘Gillet’ and ‘Forde’ which are described in more detail in a previous Walnut Research Report (2004) and brief descriptions are included in the ‘Descriptions of Selections’ at the end of this report. These three were originally released for anticipated high early yields, harvest dates before ‘Chandler’, low blight scores, and large light-colored kernels. The canopy structure of Sexton, with many narrow fork angles and a tendency to neck-bud, has limited its adoption by growers and the harvest date for Forde is generally widely observed to be much closer to Chandler than originally thought, and frequently even later. This variety is showing a predilection, if pruned heavily, to produce multiple small branches at the cuts, so only light pruning is recommended. Gillet continues to exhibit a mid-season harvest of large kernels and yields were strong again this year in observed orchards. Recommended pollenizers for the all these newer varieties are indicated below.

Suggested pollenizers for recently released varieties

Cultivar Pollenizers

Sexton Sexton, Howard, Tulare

Gillet Payne, Serr, Vina

Forde Ivanhoe, Howard, Tulare

Ivanhoe Serr, Payne

Solano Chandler, Tulare, Howard

For a list of current field trials of breeding program scion selections, their locations by county, year each was established, the growers involved, and selections see Appendix 2. Genomics mapping population We continue to evaluate individuals of an established population of Chandler x Idaho seedlings that we generated over the last six years. The parents of this cross were chosen to develop a very large seedling population that segregates for as many important traits as possible (lateral bearing, harvest date, kernel color, leaf date, bloom phenology, insect resistance, blight response, shell appearance, etc.). More than 400 seedlings have been established and data has been collected annual on each of them. In addition, 92 of the seedlings originally planted on close spacing have been re-grafted to rootstock on wider spacing to improve the evaluation process and to provide some replication. Trees from this cross will continue to be evaluated for horticultural traits as


they mature over the next several years and nuts will continue to be evaluated through the crackout process. The field data collected on this population is essential for development of genetic markers through the walnut genomics project. DNA has now been extracted from leaves of each of the trees in the Chandler x Idaho population by Malli Aradhya and Dianne Velasco and was used this year by members of the Walnut Genomics Project to identify a marker for lateral bearing, a key component of yield. We are now in the process of determining the best methods and techniques for utilizing this lateral bearing marker to screen seed or freshly germinated seedlings for this trait. Successful application will allow us to identify and discard terminal bearing trees prior to nursery and field planting, improving efficiency of the breeding program efficiency by reducing land and management cost and evaluation time and effort. Leaf samples were also collected from a wider set of standard breeding crosses and DNA was extracted from a subset for use in confirming wider applicability of this markers. In addition to lateral bearing, it is expected that data from both the Chandler x Idaho population and current breeding crosses will be used in the near future to develop additional markers. Discussions this year as part of the PRAC process and among the Walnut Genomic Project participants established priorities for marker development. These were lateral bearing, harvest date, kernel color, husk fly resistance, blight resistance, and shell traits such as seal, ease of halves, strength and size. New or improved evaluation methods will likely needed in the course of developing markers for several of these traits. Backcross breeding for resistance to cherry leafroll virus. Backcross breeding to develop English walnut cultivars with resistance to the cherry leafroll virus is proceeding. We continue to test backcross seedlings for nut quality, harvest date yield in addition to virus resistance and currently retain under active evaluation 271 individuals of a recently produced population of over 800 BC4 seedlings, primarily 4th generation crosses already tested as likely resistant to CLRV using DNA analysis. Several promising BC4 trees that have tested CLRV resistant by the DNA marker were used as parents again this spring to produce a small number of BC5 seed. This year we also initiated bark patch testing of several of the most horticulturally promising and DNA tested BC4 trees to confirm the results before moving these to new grower trials. Field trials of hypersensitive selections have been established in San Benito County by Bill Coates, Contra Costa County by Janet Caprile, and San Joaquin County by Joe Grant (see Appendix 2 and separate reports). Another approach to preventing blackline disease could be to use a gene silencing strategy, somewhat similar to method we have already used to develop crown gall resistant rootstock, but in this case by developing a virus-inhibiting inter-stock (see proposal by Sudhi Mysore). Use of a male-sterile genotype to avoid any pollen production would greatly improve regulatory acceptance of this approach and we would need somatic embryo cultures of a genotype that also exhibits a tolerant (English type) response to cherry leaf roll virus. Tolerant backcross selections, those that will not go forward in the resistant scion development program, meet both these requirements so we have developed and maintain somatic embryos from two immature nuts of tolerant backcross selection 93-048-6 in preparation for trying this approach.


Transgenics Rooted plantlets of six lines expressing the construct for crown gall silencing in two different background genotypes (J1 and RR4) and the appropriate control plants were produced this year, rooted, and grown in the greenhouse for development of two new field trials. An amended APHIS permit was filed for these trials. One was established this fall at Armstrong Field Station on a site previously used for crown gall work and where trees can be exposed to crown gall under field conditions. The second will be panted this spring at a commercial nursery site. The nursery planting is to facilitate grafting a uniform set of these crown gall resistant rootstocks with Chandler scions so they can be used for a future commercial orchard trial. Although we have identified J1 19A as the clone preferred clone for deregulation and use we are including a wider array of genotypes for the present in case unforeseen problems arise with that line. The current one-acre field trial of rootstock lines containing the RNAi construct for crown gall resistance and the appropriate controls continues to be maintained in our orchard under APHIS field permit and most trees have now been successfully budded or grafted to Chandler scions. Trees continue to be observed for both horticultural performance and any natural occurrence of crown gall. To date only a single control seedling has developed a gall. These trees are trained so they produce leaves on the rootstock portion as well as the scions so suitable plant tissue is available for use in DNA, RNA and protein analysis and nuts are provided to Dandekar for analyses needed for deregulation. One of the advantages Paradox has in this process is its male sterility, precluding any possible pollen flow. This year we checked viability of stored and fresh pollen used for the breeding program and in this process tested another Paradox tree at Winters that was asserted to produce pollen. Catkins of this tree opened abnormally and did contain some pollen grains but when plated on pollen germination medium we clearly observed, as in all past cases, no viable pollen was present.

Baker St. Paradox – Winters, CA Persian walnut selection UC 03-001-985 Plants of genotypes exhibiting altered expression of shikimate dehydrogenase (SDH), an enzyme that regulates the production of gallic acid/tannin production continue to be maintained in large pots in the greenhouse for use in examining the role of tannins in nut quality and insect, nematode and disease resistance. Walnut polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is thought to play a role in


disease resistance and kernel color traits. Transgenic walnut trees silenced for expression of PPO and expressing PPO specific activities < 1% of wild type and control plants were maintained in large pots and used again this year in blight and stress resistance assays by Matt Escobar. Planned additional work using these plants will be directed at examining the role of PPO in kernel color formation and plants will be moved to the field to facilitate better nut production. Chandler trees expressing the cry1A(c) BT gene, and which have shown good efficacy against codling moth in previous USDA tests, also continue to be maintained in pots for future use if desired. Germplasm resources and maintenance We continue to manage a large collection of field and in vitro germplasm for use by the Walnut Improvement Program, other cooperating researchers, and commercial labs and nurseries. We supply microshoots and somatic embryos to commercial laboratories on request and to research cooperators for a variety of projects. These include genotypes introduced or selected in the past that continue to be used for current tests, to develop plants for field trials, and to fill requests to supplement or provide initial material for commercial labs Among these are licensed commercial rootstock releases, tolerant backcross selections (vigorous, CLRV tolerant), Phytophthora survivors from growers’ orchards, and PDS selections for crown gall, nematode, and Phytophthora resistance. We also maintain a long-term in vitro nematode population for use in nematode resistance research by the Dandekar and Ferris labs. The field germplasm collection was used this year in genomics work to help develop a lateral bearing marker, by Bob Van Steenwyck for husk fly studies, and by Nick Mills for aphid work. In addition we again supplied graftwood of germplasm from these blocks to fill a variety of research and nursery requests. Appendix 1. Description of Selections 2012. (*indicates most promising) Sexton (90-031-10) (Chandler x 85-008) (selected 2000): This variety was selected for its very precocious strong yield and low blight. It has large light kernels that average 8.3 g. Kernel color has averaged 80% light and extra light. Nuts have smooth, round, solid shells and yield 53% kernel. The tree leafs about a week after Payne and harvests a week before Chandler. Trees tend to form neck buds and narrowly forked branches, requiring more pruning than average to set conventional tree structure. It is more suitable to hedgerows where limb structure is less critical, heavy early yield is an objective, and limited tree size is an advantage. This variety also accumulates a significant number of unsightly residual dead fruiting spurs following heavy fruiting. Its pollen overlaps the female bloom well and it tends to exhibit 2nd flowering, resulting in some small and late harvesting nuts. Released 2004. (Trials: Conant, Scheuring, Crane, CSU-Chico, Modesto JC, Taylor, Headrick, Gilbert, Nickels) Gillet (95-022-26) (76-80xChico) (selected 2002): This protogynous variety continues to exhibit excellent yield, large 7.7 g kernels, and harvests mid-season, about two weeks earlier than Chandler. Gillet is a large and vigorous tree that was selected in part for its low blight scores. The canopy is more open and allows better light penetration than Tulare. Nuts average 51% kernel and yield halves easily. Kernels color is generally lighter than Tulare at comparable locations, averaging 87% light or extra light. Kernels have had little shrivel and few veins or blanks. Seals, which remain a concern, particularly in young trees, were again adequate this year at all locations sampled. This variety is suitable for cracking but not for in-shell use. Released 2004. (Trials: Conant, Scheuring, Crane, Modesto JC, Taylor, Headrick, Gilbert, Nickels)


Forde (95-026-37) (Lara x Chico) (selected 2001): This selection has produces kernels with very good color and nuts have excellent kernel fill, but it continues to harvest later than expected at release - close to or even later than Chandler. It has large, plump 8.1 g kernels, a protogynous bearing habit, and nuts that yield 52% kernel. This is a large vigorous tree with upright growth and little blight. Its shell and seal strength, kernel fill and plumpness, and percent kernel have all been better than Chandler and kernels seldom exhibit tip shrivel.. Nuts often loosen in the hulls before the hulls split and then hulls do not open widely, so nuts tend to stay in the canopy until shaken rather than fall readily on their own. This can impede drying of nuts in the field and some nuts appear to stick late after most are well past harvest time. New growth can push and feather following heavy pruning so only light pruning or none is recommended. Released 2004. (Trials: Conant, Scheuring, Modesto JC, Crane, Stolp, Taylor, Headrick, Gilbert, Nickels) Ivanhoe (95-011-14) (67-013 x Chico) (selected 2001): This protogynous selection was released in 2010 as very early-harvest cracking variety. It harvests with, or before, Payne and Serr and exhibits very good yield, smooth shells with excellent color and appearance, and mostly Chandler-like extra light kernels averaging 7.3 g. It likely will not have sufficient shell strength for in-shell use, the seals should be watched, and nut size is not large. Nuts yield 57% kernel with very easy removal of halves. Kernel quality and harvest date are excellent. Trees leaf and bloom early, at Payne and Serr time, and this variety is known to be susceptible to blight. Some summer heat damage to the foliage, summer nut drop, and tendency to sunburn has been observed and should be watched. Foliage also may be more sensitive to ethylene application than other nearby varieties but ethylene applications are being used successfully to move harvest even earlier. Trees should be planted on paradox due to the relatively small stature of this variety and trees should be managed well to maintain nut size. Released 2010. (Trials: Scheuring, Conant, Moore, Bonturi, Spanfelner, Stuke, Headrick, Carriere, Stolp, Burchell) Solano (95-011-16) (67-013 x Chico) (selected 2003): This new release is a protandrous early in-shell sibling of Ivanhoe that harvests about a week after Payne and is similar in timing to Vina with good yield and color. It has large, light colored kernels that average 8.0 g. Nuts have very solid oval shells that have sufficient strength and seal for in-shell use, give 55% kernel and have an attractive appearance. Kernels have shown occasional tip shrivel. Leafing and flowering dates are about a week after Payne and similar to Vina. Trees appear upright and vigorous. This variety is now released and available to growers. Propagation wood has been made available to nurseries over the last two years and additional wood is available on request. Released 2013. (Trials: Scheuring, Spanfelner, Stolp, Conant, Sierra Gold, Burchell, Moore) *91-090-41 (87-009 x Chandler) (selected 1999): This mid-season selection is notable for its light color, particularly relative to other selections in locations with generally poor color. It has an attractive shell appearance and upright growth habit. The nuts have thin shells and average 59% kernel. Seals and strength are not adequate for in-shell use. Yields have consistently been very strong, and color of the 7.6 g kernels has been excellent, mostly light to extra-light with easy recovery of halves. Leafing date is similar to Chandler but harvests about two weeks earlier and blight has been consistently low. Grower comments, our evaluation data, and Diamond data, suggest consideration for release but shells and seals are rather weak in many cases and are the only concern. (Trials: Conant, Deardorff)


**93-028-20 (Chandler x PI 159568) (selected 2001): This selection should be considered for use as a mid-season in-shell competitor with Hartley and is a potential release in the near future. It has Tulare or earlier timing with large, oval, very attractive nuts. It leafs a few days before Chandler but harvests about two weeks earlier with good yield and has had almost no blight. The smooth, attractive, very solid shells have good seals and 55% kernel. The large, very plump kernels average 8.1 g and kernel color is consistently excellent. This selection is a candidate for release but needs additional observation for yield in young trees and performance in grower trials (Trials: Conant, Sierra Gold, Spanfelner, Scheuring, Stolp) 95-007-13 (77-012 x Serr) (selected 2001): This Serr seedling harvests at Payne time, with excellent yield, good tree vigor, and little blight. The nuts have a solid, attractive shell, and kernels have generally good but not extra light color and can be a bit veiny. Color can be good but has been inconsistent. The well-filled nuts yield 54% kernel with easy halves. Kernels average 8.2 g. Shells are thin but still solid, like Serr, with a smoother and more attractive appearance. This could be a very good early-harvest cracking variety but the kernel color has not been consistently adequate. We are using this as a parent for its other traits and continue to evaluate it in selection blocks and grower trials. (Trials: Stuke, Conant, Scheuring, Burchell, Sierra Gold) 95-018-23 (Tulare x Chandler) (selected 2003): This selection is of interest primarily for Lake County because it is a short season selection that leafs after Chandler. It has excellent yield of mostly extra light kernels, harvests less than a week after Payne and has low blight. Shells are thin and have insufficient strength for in-shell use. Nuts yield 51% kernel and easy halves but fill has been generally poor and nuts frequently have inadequate shell strength. Kernels average only 6.7 g, shrivel is a consistent problem and it is sensitive to boron. This has been observed as a late leafing, short season selection of particular interest for colder areas but will likely be discarded. (Trials: Scheuring, Suchan) 95-026-16 (Lara x Chico) (selected 2003): This protogynous selection harvests with Payne or earlier and has very good kernel color with little blight. Nuts yield 53% kernel and have solid shells and seals. Kernels have averaged only 6.9 g but with mostly light to extra light color. This has the strength to be an early in-shell selection and has good yield but not sufficient nut size. Continue to watch in the selection blocks and grower trials. (Trials: Scheuring, Stolp, Spanfelner, Sierra Gold) 98-002-129 (77-012 x O.P.) (selected 2009): This selection has large, very plump kernels that average 9.4 g with good color and a harvest date approximately with Payne. Nuts of this protandrous tree have good shell strength, and yield 57% kernel. Used as parent for early harvest date, kernel size and good color. Keep watching. (Stolp, Conant, Scheuring) *00-006-227 (76-080 x O.P.) (selected 2009): This early-harvest date selection with very good yield harvests approximately with Vina, and is a potential release. The large, mostly extra light kernels average 8.0 g and appear to hold color well on the ground or after storage. The tree leafs ten days after Payne, a few days before Chandler. It produces nuts with 59% kernel and shells with good seals that are thin but sufficiently strong, like Serr. The tree is protogynous and has a bloom habit that is inverse of Chandler, so it can serve as a pollenizer for Chandler and vice versa. (Trials: Scheuring, Conant, Stolp, Sierra Gold, Suchan, Burchell)


*03-001-977 (Chandler x Phase II) (selected 2009): This short-season selection leafs with Chandler but harvests about two weeks earlier and has consistently produced a very large crop. The protogynous bearing habit, with flower timing inverse of Chandler, can provide good pollen coverage for Chandler. This selection has had no blight, even in years with late rain during bloom and had less huskfly than other trees in the same block. The nuts have an excellent shell appearance with good seals. Shells are fairly thin and strength appears adequate but should be watched. Kernels average 8.2 g and nuts give 60% kernel. (Trials: Stolp, Conant, Scheuring, Sierra Gold, Suchan, Burchell) 03-001-985 (Chandler x Phase II) (selected 2011): An early harvesting selection with solid shells that could be suitable for in-shell use. Harvests four days after Payne but also leafs with Payne and has a protogynous bloom habit. Nuts average 54% kernel. Kernels are mostly light color and average 8.6 g. Shells may be harder and stronger than necessary and are well filled but kernel removal has been good. Although early leafing, blight scores have been low. 03-001-1372 (Chandler x Phase II) (selected 2010): This mid-season protandrous selection leafs with Chandler but harvests a week earlier with good yield of 8.3 g kernels, excellent color, and almost no blight. The nuts give 55% kernel with easy removal of halves. Kernel color is Chandler-like and almost entirely light to extra light. (Trial: Scheuring, Conant, Sierra Gold, Suchan, Burchell) 03-001-1457 (Chandler x Phase II) (selected 2010): This large vigorous tree exhibits excellent yield about a week later than Payne with protandrous bloom habit and leafing also a week later than Payne. Little blight has been observed. The nuts have excellent shell appearance 8.0 g kernels with good color and yield 59% kernel. (Trial: Conant, Scheuring, Stolp) 03-001-1938 (Chandler x Phase II) (selected 2010): Selected for its huge yields and mid-season harvest timing similar to Tulare, this protandrous selection produces 7.9 g kernels with very good kernel color. The smooth and light colored shells are thin but hard, with good strength. The attractive round nuts yield 57% kernel with easy removal of halves. (Trial: Conant, Scheuring) 03-001-2357 (Chandler x Phase II) (selected 2010): This selection has consistently produced attractive kernels with excellent color and easy removal of halves. The tree is protandrous and produces strong mid-season yields. Leafing is five days later than Payne with harvest a week before Chandler. The kernels average 8.4 g and have consistently been mostly extra light in color. Shells are well filled, have an attractive appearance, are thin but not weak, and give 60% kernel yield. (Trial: Scheuring, Conant, Stolp) 03-001-2434 (Chandler x Phase II) (selected 2010): This protandrous tree is has excellent kernel color and strong mid-season yield about ten days before Chandler. The plump 8.6 g kernels have been entirely light or extra light and the well-filled nuts produce 57% kernel. The tree leafs approximately with Payne and has showed only moderate amounts of blight. (Trial: Scheuring, Conant, Stolp)


03-001-2556 (Chandler x Phase II) (selected 2010): Am early October harvester with outstanding kernel color, this protandrous selection leafs a week later than Payne and harvests a week earlier then Chandler. Blight scores have been fairly low and yields very good. The nuts have smooth, light colored, attractive shells but are maybe too thin. The mostly extra light and very plump kernels average 8.1 g and are very easily extracted from nuts averaging 60% kernel. (Scheuring, Sierra Gold, Burchell) *04-003-143 (Chandler x O.P) (selected 2011): This selection has very strong yields and excellent kernel color. The tree leafs mid-season and has a protogynous bloom habit that is inverse of, and overlaps, Chandler. The large round nuts have large plump kernels averaging 8.8 g with all Chandler-like light or extra light color. Nuts have smooth, light attractive shells that yield 55% kernel with easy removal of halves and a harvest date ten days before Chandler. (Trial: Scheuring) 04-003-293 (Chandler x O.P) (selected 2011): A selection with huge yield five days after Payne, excellent kernel color, and leafs a week after Payne but kernels have averaged only 6.8 g. This selection has a protogynous bloom habit and its pollen shed covers Chandler well. The nuts have good shell traits with 51% kernel and kernels are entirely of light and extra light color. 04-004-58 (91-096-3 x O.P.) (selected 2011): This protogynous offspring of an earlier blight-resistant selection harvests mid-season, leafs two days after Chandler, and produces kernels with excellent color. Nuts yield averaging 7.1 g, kernels are easily extracted in halves, and yield is good. Pollen would cover late Chandler bloom or Franquette. Used as parent in crosses. Continue to watch as a late-leafing short-season selection. (Scheuring, Suchan, Spanfelner) 04-006-28 (90-027-23 x O.P) (selected 2012): This is an early harvest date selection with excellent yield and kernel color. Nuts yield 57% kernel and harvest six days after Payne. Kernels average 7.7 g with mostly extra light color and no shrivel or veins. 05-002-233 (95-022-26 x O.P.) (selected 2012): This is a Gillet offspring with a harvest date close to Payne time, excellent yield, and nuts with 55% kernel. Color has been consistently excellent with all light or extra light kernels that are plump and average 7.6 g.

07-002-5 (91-077-6 x 93-028-20 (selected 2012): This is a short season selection that leafs out three days after Chandler and harvests with Tulare. It has excellent yield, 8.6 g pump kernels with excellent color and ease of removal, and nuts contain 59% kernel.


Appendix 2. List of Current Field Trials of Scion Selections

Field Trials of CLRV-Resistant Selections

San Benito – Coates Bonturi

2003: 87-041-2, 87-262-4, 92-016-1, 93-045-1

2007: 94-022-24, 94-026-20, 95-027-19 2009: 95-027-23, 95-030-10, 03-019-9, 03-019-10

2011: 06-032-18

Contra Costa –Caprile Tennant

92-016-1, 94-022-24, 97-027-55

San Joaquin - Grant Barton

92-016-1, 93-045-1, 94-026-20, 95-027-19

Field Trials of Standard Selections

Tehama - Buchner Spanfelner

2008: 91-077-6, 91-090-41, 91-094-18, 91-096-3, 93-028-20, 94-020-35, Ivanhoe, Solano, 95-026-16, 98-001-442, 00-006-227, 01-001-107, 01-007-2, 01-016-11, 03-001-507, 03-001-942, 03-001-977, 03-001-1938, 03-001-2357, 03-001-2822, 03-001-3382, 03-001-3682, 03-005-4, 04-003-417, 04-004-26, 04-004-58

H. Crain – blight resistant variety trial

Butte – Connell Chico State Farm

Chico State Selection Block

Chico State Farm Trial 2004: Sexton, 91-090-41, 95-026-22 Stolp

2003: 94-020-5, 94-020-35, Forde 2007: 94-019-85, Ivanhoe, 95-026-16


2008: Solano, 00-006-54, 00-006-179, 00-011-88, 01-004-2, 01-016-11, 02-005-870, 03-001-1098, 03-001-1747

2010: Solano, 98-002-129, 00-006-227, 01-007-1, 02-005-671, 02-005-999, 03-001-1457, 03-001-1649, 03-110-2357, 03-001-2434, 03-001-2824, 03-001-2825, 03-001-3382, 03-001-3395, 03-001-3441, 03-001-4097, 03-005-4, 04-001-390, 04-003-403, 04-007-48

2011: 93-028-20 Bertagna - red kernels

2006: 91-084-6, 90-024-3, 95-014-3

Lake – Elkins Suchan

2007: 95-018-23, 96-014-12, 00-002-27, 00-006-48

2010: 00-006-48, 00-006-227, 03-001-977, 03-001-1098, 03-001-1372, 03-001-3441

2011: 00-006-54, 04-003-107, 04-004-58, 04-006-92

Glenn – Carriere

2007: Ivanhoe

Colusa - Edstrom Nickels Trial - pruning

2008: Gillet, Forde, Tulare, Chandler

Sutter-Yuba - Hasey Conant

Selection trials

2001-2010: 91-077-40, 91-090-41, 92-070-12, 93-026-6, 93-028-20, 94-016-33, 94-019-85, 94-020-35, 94-028-20, 95-007-13, Ivanhoe, Solano, Gillet, Forde, 98-001-415, 98-001-520, 98-002-129, 00-004-44, 00-005-15, 00-005-30, 00-005-44, 00-005-144, 00-005-153, 00-006-227, 00-011-107, 01-007-2, 01-016-33, 02-005-870, 03-001-507, 03-001-665, 03-001-943, 03-001-977, 03-001-1372, 03-001-1457, 03-001-1938, 03-001-2357, 03-001-2434, 03-001-2440, 03-001-2822, 03-001-3383, 03-001-3395, 03-001-3446, 03-001-3701, 03-001-4097, 04-001-56


Selections for reduced tree stature

2009: Howard, Forde, Sexton, 91-077-40, Ivanhoe on RX1, VX211, Vlach rootstock

Gilbert

2008: Sexton, Gillet, Forde Sierra Gold

2001-2010: Graft wood block – numerous selections 2011: 93-028-20, 95-007-13, Solano, 95-026-16, 00-006-227, 00-011-107, 03-

001-977, 03-001-1372, 03-001-2556 Noreen

2001: 91-096-3, 93-026-6, 94-017-69, 94-019-29, 95-017-47

Yolo - Scheuring

2002, 2004, 2008: 90-027-21, Ivanhoe, Solano, Gillet, Forde, Sexton, 95-007-13, 91-077-6, 94-008-10, 91-096-3

2011: 00-006-54, 03-001-507, 03-001-977, 03-001-1457, 03-001-1938, 03-001-2556, 03-001-3382, 03-001-3446, 03-001-3682, 04-004-58

2012: 93-028-20, 03-001-475, 03-001-665, 03-001-958, 03-001-985, 03-001-3701, 04-001-390, 04-003-293, 04-008-28, 05-002-233, 07-002-5, 07-005-17, 07-019-16, 07-022-30

UCD Selection Block

San Benito – Coates Bonturi

2002-2010: 91-077-6, 94-019-85, Ivanhoe

San Joaquin - Grant Taylor

2005: Sexton. Gillet, Forde, 95-026-22

Stanislaus – Anderson MJC

2004: Sexton, Gillet, Forde, Tulare

Deardorff 2006: 91-077-6, 94-020-28, Ivanhoe, 97-003-208, 97-003-311, 97-003-319


2007: 91-090-41, 91-077-6, 93-028-20, 94-019-85, 94-020-5, 94-020-35, Ivanhoe, 95-026-16

Burchell Nursery 2009: Ivanhoe

2010: Solano, 00-005-30, 03-001-977 2011: 95-007-13, 95-026-16, 00-006-227, 00-011-107, 03-001-1372, 03-001-

2556

Merced – Doll Crane Sr.

2002: Sexton, 90-023-11, 90-023-37, 91-094-18, 91-096-3, Tulare 2003: 92-070-12

Crane Jr. 2004: Sexton, Forde, 95-022-26

2012: Solano, 93-028-20, 03-001-1372, 00-006-227, 04-003-143

Fresno - KAC

KAC Selection Block KAC Blight resistant variety block

Kings - Beede Miya Farms

2009: Ivanhoe

Jeb Headrick 91-077-6, 94-020-28, 94-020-35, Ivanhoe, Forde, Gillet

Tulare –Fichtner Moore

2004: Ivanhoe

2012: Solano Swall

2004: Sexton. Forde, Gillet


Fig

1. P

edig

ree

of U

C D

avis

Wal

nut I

mpr

ovem

ent P

rogr

am re

leas

es a

nd se

vera

l sel

ectio

ns


Table 1. Number of individual crosses completed, seedlings planted, number of selections retained, and trees remaining under evaluation by year of cross.

Year Crosses Original seedlings Selections

Under Evaluation

(n) (n) (n) (n)

1990 15 591 - - 1991 18 493 1 1 1992 15 243 - - 1993 14 116 1 1 1994 15 587 - - 1995 15 758 3 3 1996 7 333 - - 1997 13 611 3 4 1998 5 1759 2 4 1999 1 993 - - 2000 12 2503 3 14 2001 16 210 4 5 2002 5 1200 1 1 2003 11 4608 15 41 2004 7 hs** 6000 8 121 2005 9 hs 3332 18 300 2006 22 954 2 268 2007 27 1045 8 372 2008 33 929 - 720 2009 32 1187 - 638 2010 32 1081 - 966 2011 37 761 - 761 2012 60 1475 - Total 146 31769 69 4220

**hs denotes half sib families


Table 2. Seedling trees generated from 2007-2009 and currently under evaluation.

91-0

77-6

91-0

96-3

92-0

80-1

1

93-0

28-2

0

94-0

19-2

9

94-0

19-4

5

94-0

19-8

5

94-0

20-5

95-0

07-1

3

Ivan

hoe

95-0

11-1

6

95-0

11-2

2

95-0

18-2

3

95-0

26-1

6

95-0

26-1

7

95-0

26-2

2

Ford

e

90-031-12 Precocity, color 28 2 37 12 38 63 24

91-077-6 Early, yield 45 66 43 120 36

91-077-40 Yield, precocity 22 40 5

91-090-41 Color, kernel%, halves 29 35 54 2 103 80 3 15 5

91-096-3 blight resistance, color 67 19 43 28 52 40 8 3 8 11 93

92-080-11 Early, yield 72 37 37 20 10 18 43

93-028-20 color, shell, blight res. 38 13 48 5 36 17 58 72

94-019-29 Yield, harvest date 16 5

94-019-45 Yield, short season 33 10 57

94-019-85 Early, Hartley shape 129 33 190 16

94-020-5 Early, blight res., color 22 19

95-007-13 Early, vigor, size, shell 40 42 57 12 66 115

Ivanhoe Very early, color, yield 3 30 14

95-011-22 Yield, color 20

95-018-23 Short season, early 3


Table 3. Seedling trees from 2010 crosses planted at Davis in 2012.

Ivan

hoe

95-0

18-2

3

95-0

26-1

6

98-0

02-1

29

00-0

05-3

0

00-0

05-4

4

00-0

05-1

73

00-0

05-1

74

00-0

06-2

27

00-0

11-1

07

01-0

07-2

03-0

01-6

65

03-0

01-9

77

03-0

01-2

357

03-0

01-2

434

93-028-20 color, shell, blight res. 91 67

95-007-13 Early, vigor, size, shell 71 26 137 17 86

Ivanhoe Very early, color, yield 31 51 2 13 18 38 100 80 33 7 19 47 40 18

95-011-16 Mid-season, quality 19 9

00-005-44 Early, yield 52

Table 4. Seedlings from 2011 crosses grown in nursery in 2012 for planting at Davis in 2013.

01-0

07-2

03-0

01-5

07

03-0

01-6

65

03-0

01-9

58

03-0

01-9

85

03-0

01-1

372

03-0

01-2

105

03-0

01-3

382

04-0

02-3

42

04-0

03-1

07

04-0

04-5

8

04-0

04-1

17

93-028-20 color, shell, blight res. 96

95-007-13 Early, vigor, size, shell 5 49

Ivanhoe Very early, color, yield 16 1 33 9 82 37

95-026-16 Early color, blight res. 7 16 16

98-002-129 Early size and color 4 11

00-005-30 Very early, size, blight res. 1 7

00-005-44 Early, yield 8 2 8

00-006-227 Early, size, color 17 3

01-007-2 Very early, size 19 23 23


Table 5. Seeds collected from 2012 crosses for germination and nursery planting in 2013.

93-0

28-2

0 Iv

anho

e 98

-002

-129

00

-006

-227

03

-001

-507

03

-001

-665

03

-001

-825

03

-001

-958

03

-001

-977

03

-001

-985

03

-001

-137

2 03

-001

-145

7 03

-001

-174

3 03

-001

-193

8

03-0

01-2

357

03-0

01-2

434

03-0

01-2

440

03-0

01-2

556

03-0

01-3

382

04-0

04-5

8 04

-004

-117

04

-002

-342

05

-002

-233

93-028-20 Color, shell, plump 5 3 84 5 8 63 2 55 4

Ivanhoe (95-011-14) Very early, color, yield 2 70 5 4 15 15 24

Solano (95-011-16) Early-mid, yield, color 24 19 74

95-026-16 Early color 25 68 10 60 66

98-002-129 Early, size, color 37 1 28 78

00-005-30 Very early 2 2 1 42 20 4 9

00-005-44 Early, yield 3 150 48 80

00-005-144 Size, color, plump 61

00-006-227 Early, size, color 51 82 19 48 9 5

01-007-2 Very early 1 7 50 72 5

03-001-1743 Early color, yield, % 38

-2010, 3 Data mean, (SE), n


Tabl

e 6.

Per

form

ance

of '

Sola

no’ r

elat

ive

to it

s pa

rent

s an

d to

'Cha

ndle

r', a

nd ‘V

ina’

. Tr

ait

So

lano

1 U

C67

-132

Chi

co2

Cha

ndle

r2 Vi

na2

Leaf

ing

date

3/25

(1.8

3) 2

23 3/

24 (

1.08

) 19

3/

22 (

1.13

) 27

4/

4

(0.7

2) 8

0 3/

26 (

0.89

) 41

Po

llen

shed

dat

e Fi

rst

3/28

(2.0

3) 1

3 3/

31 (

1.74

) 17

4/

7

(1.3

0) 2

3 4/

6

(0.8

3) 7

5 3/

28 (

0.99

) 39

Peak

4/

2 (

1.98

) 13

4/

6

(1.5

2) 1

7 4/

13 (

1.16

) 24

4/

14 (

0.72

) 74

4/

5

(1.0

1) 3

9

Last

4/

11 (1

.82)

13

4/19

(1.

33)

16

4/20

(1.

01)

23

4/21

(0.

81)

73

4/14

(1.

04)

39

Fem

ale

bloo

m d

ate

Firs

t 4/

9 (

1.58

) 18

4/

6

(1.3

1) 1

7 3/

25 (

0.92

) 25

4/

17 (

0.72

) 77

4/

8

(1.0

5) 4

0

Peak

4/

13 (1

.50)

18

4/12

(1.

15)

16

4/1

(1

.02)

25

4/23

(0,

68)

77

4/13

(0.

87)

40

La

st

4/19

(1.6

7) 1

8 4/

19 (

1.14

) 16

4/

9

(1.1

5) 2

5 4/

30 (

0.71

) 76

4/

21 (

0.93

) 40

H

arve

st d

ate

9/

24 (1

.20)

36

9/21

(1.

64)

17

9/18

(1.

76)

24

10/8

(0.

72)

91

9/23

(1.

06)

49

Day

s af

ter P

ayne

leaf

ing

7

(1

.05)

19

6

(1.4

3)

11

3

(0.4

5) 1

8 17

(0

.60)

64

8

(0

.47)

39

D

ays

afte

r Cha

ndle

r lea

fing

-9

(0

.91)

19

-12

(1.1

9)

11

-15

(0.

97)

18

0

(0.

34)

64

-9

(0.6

2)

39

Cat

kin

abun

danc

e

5.2

(0.

61)

14

6.3

(0

.49)

18

5.3

(0

.28)

23

4.9

(0

.20)

75

5.7

(0

.21)

39

Fe

mal

e ab

unda

nce

6.

3 (

0.22

) 1

6 5.

8

(0.3

5) 1

1 6.

1

(0.2

6) 2

2 6.

1

(0.1

3) 6

7 6.

6

(0.1

6)

35

Flow

ers/

inflo

resc

ence

2.0

(0

)

17

2.0

(0)

16

2.0

(0)

25

2.0

(0

.01)

70

2.0

(

0)

37

Pe

rcen

t lat

eral

bud

frui

tfuln

ess

95

.3 (2

.29)

17

96

.6 (

1.18

) 16

99

.9 (

0.08

) 25

95

.7 (

0.75

) 68

9

3.4

(1.9

2)

34

Yiel

d

6.4

(0.

18)

32

5.6

(0

.31)

17

6.3

(0

.26)

27

5.7

(0

.12)

92

6.5

(0.

14)

51

Shel

l Te

xtur

e 4.

9 (

0.07

) 3

5 5.

0

(0.6

7)

10

4.2

(0

.15)

17

4.7

(0

.05)

87

5.0

(0

)

49

C

olor

4.

7 (

0.10

) 3

5 4.

8

(0.4

2)

10

4.6

(0

.15)

17

4.3

(0

.06)

87

5.2

(0.

07)

49

Se

al

5.1

(0.

06)

35

5.0

(0)

11

5.

4

(0.1

5) 1

8 4.

9

(0.0

3) 8

8 5.

2 (

0.05

) 50

Stre

ngth

5.

0 (

0.06

) 3

5 5.

1

(0.3

0)

11

5.7

(0

.11)

18

4.5

(0

.07)

88

5.1

(0.

04)

50

In

tegr

ity

7.0

(0

)

35

7.0

(0)

5

7.

1

(0.1

0) 1

4 7

.0

(0)

8

2 7.

0

(0)

46

Thic

knes

s 1.

3 (

0.02

) 3

5 1.

5

(0.1

3)

11

1.5

(0

.03)

18

1.3

(0

.02)

88

1.4

(0.

02)

50

Pa

ckin

g tis

sue

5.0

(0

)

35

5.1

(0

.57)

10

5.

6

(0.1

2) 1

7 4.

7

(0.0

5) 8

6 5

(

0.03

) 49

Ke

rnel

In

shel

l wei

ght

14.6

(0.2

4)

35

15.3

(1.

78)

11

11.4

(0.

29)

18

13.4

(0.

19)

88

12.8

(0.

24)

50

Ke

rnel

wei

ght

8.0

(0.

16)

35

8.5

(1

.55)

11

5.

3

(0.1

2) 1

8 6.

6

(0.1

0) 8

8 3.

3

(0.1

3) 5

0

Perc

ent k

erne

l 54

.6 (0

.45)

35

55

.4 (

2.16

) 1

1 47

.1 (

0.57

) 18

49

.5 (

0.27

) 88

49

.3 (

0.30

) 50

Fill

5.4

(0.

09)

35

4.7

(1

.27)

11

5.

7

(0.4

7) 1

8 4.

5

(0.0

6) 8

8 5.

1

(0.0

8) 5

0

Plum

pnes

s 5.

4 (

0.08

) 3

5 4.

7

(1.1

0)

11

4.5

(0

.20)

18

4.3

(0

.06)

87

4.8

(0

.08)

50

Ea

se o

f rem

oval

4.

7 (

0.07

) 3

5 4.

3 (

0.48

) 1

0 6.

5

(0.1

7 1

7 3.

9

(0.0

5) 8

7 4.

9 (

0.11

) 5

0

Perc

ent b

lank

0.

6 (

0.40

) 3

5 2.

7

(6.4

7)

4 2.

4

(1.0

6) 1

7 1.

3

(0.3

6) 8

7 2.

0

(0.5

8) 4

9

Perc

ent e

xtra

ligh

t 33

.8 (

5.48

) 35

18

.8 (

35.7

) 11

9.

4

(5.6

0) 1

7 50

.8 (

4.22

) 86

4.

1

(2.9

0) 4

9

Perc

ent l

ight

57

.4 (

4.92

) 35

72

.6 (

33.7

) 11

76

.0 (

7.41

) 17

44

.2 (

3.82

) 86

48

.1 (

4.99

) 49

Perc

ent l

ight

am

ber

9.8

(2.

34)

35

6.7

(4

.05)

11

12

.0 (

4.81

) 17

4.

6

(1.3

2) 8

6 45

.1 (

4.86

) 49

Perc

ent a

mbe

r 0

0

3

5 1.

8

(6.0

3)

11

2.6

(2

.03)

17

0.4

(0.

21)

86

2.5

(1

.33)

49

Pe

rcen

t tip

shr

ivel

11

.8

(3.2

) 3

5 1.

1

(3.5

1)

10

0

(

0)

17

30.5

(2.

60)

86

2.3

(0

.91)

49

Pe

rcen

t vei

ns

16.6

(3

.12)

35

44.4

(22

.4)

11

19.2

(5.

48)

17

18.3

(2.

78)

85

30.4

(5.

04)

49

1 Dat

a 19

99-2

010,

2 Dat

a 19

89-2

010,

3 D

ata

mea

n, (S

E),

n


Tabl

e 7.

Cul

tivar

and

Sel

ectio

n Ev

alua

tions

at D

avis

– (S

prin

g 20

12)

Se

edlin

g

Leaf

ing

Polle

n Sh

eddi

ng

Pi

still

ate

Blo

om

%

Har

vest

or

Gra

fted

Dat

eD

APa

1st

Peak

Last

Abu

nd.b

1st

Peak

Last

Late

ral

Yie

ld b

Dat

e a D

ays

afte

r Pay

ne le

afin

g da

te a

t Dav

is

b 1=lo

w, 9

=hig

h

Cul

tivar

s

Payne

G

3/27

0

4/1

4/7

4/18

7

4/10

4/14

4/25

10

08

9/19

Hartley

G

4/15

19

4/14

4/19

4/25

7

4/23

4/26

5/3

07

10/9

Fran

quette

G

4/29

33

4/26

5/2

5/16

7

5/8

5/11

5/14

0

510

/15

Idah

oG

3/25

‐2

4/14

4/18

4/23

7

3/29

4/3

4/10

0

59/16

Vina

G

4/5

94/5

4/12

4/22

7

4/17

4/20

4/24

10

07

9/26

Serr

G

3/24

‐3

3/31

4/7

4/11

8

4/10

4/13

4/19

20

7

9/26

Chan

dler

G

4/17

21

4/16

4/20

5/1

74/24

4/28

5/7

100

710

/11

How

ard

G

4/16

20

4/15

4/18

4/22

7

4/23

4/26

4/29

10

07

10/5

Cisco

G

4/22

26

4/20

4/26

5/5

75/2

5/8

5/13

10

07

10/11

Tulare

G

4/12

16

4/15

4/19

4/23

7

4/19

4/22

4/25

10

07

10/10

Lara

G

4/12

16

4/12

4/17

4/23

7

4/21

4/24

5/3

100

69/28

Fernette

G

4/28

32

4/20

4/27

5/12

8

5/7

5/11

5/17

10

07

10/12

R.Livermore

G

4/13

17

4/12

4/18

4/22

1

4/21

4/23

4/26

10

07

10/1

Sexton

G

3/30

3

4/1

4/10

4/22

8

4/10

4/16

4/23

10

08

10/4

Gillet

G

3/29

2

4/16

4/21

4/27

7

4/3

4/7

4/16

10

08

9/29

Forde

G

4/9

13

4/18

4/23

4/29

7

4/13

4/17

4/20

10

07

10/5

Ivan

hoe

G

3/21

‐6

4/10

4/16

4/24

8

3/22

3/29

4/6

100

79/9

Solano

G

4/2

64/4

4/9

4/18

7

4/12

4/20

4/27

10

07

9/25

Sele

ctio

ns

64‐057

G

4/5

94/16

4/20

4/25

7

4/7

4/12

4/19

10

07

9/26

76‐080

G

4/14

18

4/14

4/18

4/23

7

4/23

4/26

4/29

10

07

10/9


Tabl

e 7.

Cul

tivar

and

Sel

ectio

n Ev

alua

tions

at D

avis

– (S

prin

g 20

12) –

(con

t.)

Se

edlin

g

Leaf

ing

Polle

n Sh

eddi

ng

Pi

still

ate

Blo

om

%

Har

vest

or

Gra

fted

Dat

eD

APa

1st

Peak

Last

Abu

nd.b

1st

Peak

Last

Late

ral

Yie

ld b

Dat

e a D

ays

afte

r Pay

ne le

afin

g da

te a

t Dav

is

b 1=lo

w, 9

=hig

h

91‐077

‐40

G

4/11

15

4/18

4/23

4/28

7

4/12

4/16

4/19

10

07

10/5

91‐090

‐41

G

4/13

17

4/12

4/18

4/22

7

4/20

4/23

4/26

10

08

9/25

93‐028

‐20

G

4/1

54/4

4/12

4/24

7

4/19

4/22

4/25

10

07

9/23

95‐007

‐13

G

3/28

1

4/2

4/8

4/18

7

4/13

4/17

4/21

10

07

9/20

95‐018

‐23

G

4/17

21

4/16

4/20

4/24

7

4/22

4/25

4/28

10

07

9/22

95‐026

‐16

G

4/1

54/17

4/20

4/25

7

4/3

4/8

4/11

10

08

9/15

95‐026

‐17

G

4/14

18

4/19

4/24

4/28

7

4/15

4/18

4/21

10

08

9/27

97‐003

‐11

G

4/6

10

4/15

4/19

4/25

8

4/20

4/23

4/26

10

07

10/2

97‐003

‐23

G

4/10

14

4/15

4/20

4/24

7

4/20

4/22

4/25

10

07

10/4

98‐001

‐415

S

4/8

12

4/12

4/18

4/22

7

4/19

4/21

4/23

10

08

9/27

98‐002

‐129

S

3/28

1

4/5

4/10

4/17

7

4/11

4/17

4/21

10

05

9/19

98‐003

‐54

S4/18

22

4/22

4/27

5/3

74/19

4/21

4/23

10

06

9/28

00‐006

‐48

S4/19

23

4/18

4/22

4/30

7

4/27

5/4

5/12

10

05

10/4

00‐006

‐227

S

4/13

17

4/21

4/26

5/2

74/12

4/17

4/20

10

06

9/26

00‐011

‐107

S

4/16

20

4/20

4/23

4/29

7

4/16

4/19

4/22

10

07

9/23

01‐009

‐10

S4/10

14

4/9

4/18

4/23

7

4/20

4/23

4/27

10

06

9/15

01‐016

‐11

S3/31

4

4/6

4/11

4/16

7

4/9

4/14

4/20

10

07

9/28

02‐005

‐870

G

3/23

‐4

3/27

4/4

4/9

74/12

4/15

4/19

10

08

9/24

03‐001

‐475

S

3/31

4

4/4

4/11

4/15

7

4/16

4/18

4/21

10

07

9/26

03‐001

‐665

S

4/3

74/6

4/13

4/19

7

4/17

4/20

4/25

10

07

10/2

03‐001

‐825

S

4/13

17

4/15

4/18

4/22

6

4/21

4/23

4/29

10

07

10/9

03‐001

‐958

S

4/1

54/5

4/12

4/19

7

4/16

4/19

4/25

10

06

9/23


Tabl

e 7.

Cul

tivar

and

Sel

ectio

n Ev

alua

tions

at D

avis

– (S

prin

g 20

12) –

(con

t.)

Se

edlin

g

Leaf

ing

Polle

n Sh

eddi

ng

Pi

still

ate

Blo

om

%

Har

vest

or

Gra

fted

Dat

eD

APa

1st

Peak

Last

Abu

nd.b

1st

Peak

Last

Late

ral

Yie

ld b

Dat

e a D

ays

afte

r Pay

ne le

afin

g da

te a

t Dav

is

b 1=lo

w, 9

=hig

h

03‐001

‐977

S

4/14

18

4/23

4/27

5/2

74/15

4/18

4/23

10

07

9/23

03‐001

‐985

S

3/27

0

4/16

4/20

4/25

7

4/1

4/7

4/14

10

07

9/21

03‐001

‐109

8S

4/10

14

4/12

4/19

4/22

7

4/20

4/23

4/26

10

08

10/2

03‐001

‐137

2S

4/15

19

4/17

4/20

4/24

7

4/23

4/27

5/3

100

79/29

03‐001

‐145

7S

4/5

94/6

4/9

4/15

7

4/15

4/18

4/21

10

08

9/21

03‐001

‐174

3S

4/6

10

4/8

4/15

4/19

5

4/18

4/21

4/24

10

07

9/20

03‐001

‐193

8S

3/29

2

4/2

4/9

4/17

7

4/15

4/18

4/21

10

07

9/27

03‐001

‐235

7S

4/3

74/7

4/15

4/19

7

4/19

4/21

4/23

10

08

10/8

03‐001

‐243

4S

3/26

‐1

4/3

4/10

4/21

7

4/14

4/18

4/20

10

07

9/30

03‐001

‐255

6S

4/6

10

4/9

4/14

4/19

7

4/18

4/21

4/24

10

07

10/4

03‐001

‐339

5S

4/8

12

4/19

4/23

4/28

7

4/8

4/12

4/18

10

07

10/7

04‐003

‐143

S

4/5

94/20

4/23

4/25

7

4/11

4/15

4/20

10

07

10/3

04‐003

‐293

S

4/10

14

4/20

4/23

4/27

7

4/16

4/19

4/22

10

08

9/19

04‐003

‐403

S

4/12

16

4/21

4/24

4/27

4

4/15

4/18

4/21

10

07

9/27

04‐003

‐417

S

4/5

94/19

4/21

4/24

3

4/10

4/16

4/19

10

07

9/29

04‐004

‐26

S4/13

17

4/22

4/25

4/28

6

4/16

4/19

4/22

10

07

9/27

04‐004

‐58

S4/18

22

4/24

4/27

5/3

54/21

4/24

4/27

10

06

9/22

04‐006

‐28

S4/8

12

4/10

4/18

4/22

7

4/18

4/20

4/23

10

07

9/19

05‐001

‐48

S4/7

11

4/19

4/23

4/27

7

4/9

4/13

4/18

10

07

9/12

05‐001

‐94

S3/27

0

4/12

4/19

4/24

8

4/4

4/10

4/15

10

07

9/21

05‐001

‐97

S4/3

74/7

4/11

4/16

3

4/15

4/18

4/22

10

07

9/26

05‐001

‐110

S

4/6

10

4/20

4/22

4/25

7

4/12

4/17

4/20

10

07

9/19


Tabl

e 7.

Cul

tivar

and

Sel

ectio

n Ev

alua

tions

at D

avis

– (S

prin

g 20

12) –

(con

t.)

Se

edlin

g

Leaf

ing

Polle

n Sh

eddi

ng

Pi

still

ate

Blo

om

%

Har

vest

or

Gra

fted

Dat

eD

APa

1st

Peak

Last

Abu

nd.b

1st

Peak

Last

Late

ral

Yie

ld b

Dat

e a D

ays

afte

r Pay

ne le

afin

g da

te a

t Dav

is

b 1=lo

w, 9

=hig

h

05‐001

‐129

S

4/2

64/15

4/20

4/25

7

4/6

4/9

4/14

10

07

9/16

05‐001

‐245

S

3/24

‐3

3/27

4/3

4/7

74/6

4/10

4/13

10

06

9/11

05‐001

‐295

S

4/4

84/10

4/14

4/18

5

4/18

4/21

4/23

10

07

9/18

05‐001

‐303

S

4/3

74/4

4/10

4/17

7

4/16

4/18

4/21

10

07

9/27

05‐001

‐384

S

3/20

‐7

3/30

4/4

4/12

7

4/5

4/10

4/14

10

07

9/16

05‐001

‐434

S

3/22

‐5

3/26

4/1

4/5

74/1

4/4

4/7

100

79/12

05‐002

‐233

S

3/31

4

4/5

4/11

4/20

6

4/16

4/18

4/22

10

07

9/25

05‐002

‐369

S

4/10

14

4/22

4/24

4/26

7

4/16

4/20

4/22

10

08

9/24

05‐002

‐393

S

4/7

11

4/7

4/15

4/19

5

4/20

4/23

4/26

10

07

9/26

05‐002

‐396

S

3/28

1

4/19

4/22

4/25

7

4/5

4/12

4/16

10

08

9/12

05‐005

‐295

S

4/5

94/6

4/14

4/19

7

4/19

4/22

4/25

10

07

9/15

06‐012

‐14

S4/16

20

4/18

4/20

4/22

7

4/25

4/28

5/3

100

79/21

06‐015

‐7

S4/12

16

4/24

4/27

5/2

100

69/20

07‐002

‐5

S4/19

23

4/25

5/3

5/6

100

69/28

07‐019

‐16

S3/29

2

4/13

4/16

4/19

10

07

9/14

07‐021

‐6

S4/5

94/10

4/11

4/13

1

4/20

4/22

4/27

10

08

10/3

07‐022

‐30

S4/1

5

4/18

4/22

4/27

10

06

9/21

07‐029

‐15

S4/12

16

4/15

4/17

4/19

2

4/17

4/20

4/22

10

08

9/20

07‐031

‐4

S4/10

14

4/12

4/15

4/17

5

4/15

4/18

4/21

10

08

9/20


Tabl

e 8.

Cul

tivar

and

Sel

ectio

n H

arve

st E

valu

atio

ns a

t Dav

is (F

all 2

012)

Har

vest

Sh

ell

Ave

rage

Wt.

C

olor

%

a Se

edlin

g

or G

raft

D

ate

b D

AP

Seas

Lg

th

c Seal

d Strg

th

Thic

k m

m

Nut

(g

) K

erne

l (g

) %

K

erne

l e K

erne

l Fi

ll f Ea

se o

f R

emov

al

Extr

a Li

ght

Ligh

t Li

ght

Am

ber

Am

ber

a S

= se

edlin

g, G

= gr

afte

d d =S

hell

stre

ngth

: 3 -

poor

, 5 -

good

, 7 -

very

stro

ng

b =“D

AP”

den

otes

“D

ays

afte

r Pay

ne h

arve

st a

t Dav

is e =K

erne

l fill

: 3 -

poor

, 7- w

ell

c =She

ll se

al: 3

- po

or, 5

- go

od, 7

- ve

ry st

rong

f =E

ase

of R

emov

al: 3

- ea

sy, 7

- di

ffic

ult

Cul

tivar

s

Payne

G

9/19

0

158

55

1.3

11.8

6.2

52.7

55

090

10

0

Hartley

G

10/9

20

166

57

1.5

14.0

6.5

46.5

45

38

50

13

0

Fran

quette

G

10/15

26

157

56

1.7

10.6

4.7

44.0

54

50

50

00

Poe

G

10/8

19

163

57

1.6

13.7

5.6

40.9

55

070

30

0

Vina

G

9/26

7

159

56

1.4

12.5

6.5

51.8

65

080

20

0

Serr

G

9/26

7

166

55

1.1

13.4

8.0

59.8

65

50

40

10

0

Chan

dler

G

10/10

21

166

55

1.4

14.3

6.5

45.6

44

90

10

00

How

ard

G

10/5

16

162

55

1.3

13.0

6.5

49.9

55

090

10

0

Cisco

G

10/11

22

156

55

1.6

12.9

5.8

44.6

55

070

30

0

Tulare

G

10/10

21

171

55

1.2

14.1

8.2

58.1

65

010

00

0

Fernette

G

10/12

23

154

57

1.7

13.9

6.5

47.0

55

30

60

10

0

Fernor

G

10/13

24

157

67

212

.9

5.6

43.3

66

20

60

20

0

Sexton

G

10/4

15

171

56

1.6

16.1

8.7

54.0

66

30

60

10

0

Gillet

G

9/29

10

17

55

51.3

14.6

7.8

53.1

54

60

40

00

Forde

G

10/5

16

171

56

1.6

15.9

8.1

50.7

54

10

90

00

Ivan

hoe

G

9/9

‐10

164

55

1.2

13.6

7.8

57.7

54

90

010

0

Solano

G

9/25

6

158

55

1.4

14.1

7.7

54.9

55

90

10

00

Sele

ctio

ns


Tabl

e 8.

Cul

tivar

and

Sel

ectio

n H

arve

st E

valu

atio

ns a

t Dav

is (F

all 2

012)

– (c

ont.)

H

arve

st

Shel

l A

vera

ge W

t.

Col

or %

a Seed

ling

or G

raft

D

ate

b D

AP

Seas

Lg

th

c Seal

d Strg

th

Thic

k m

m

Nut

(g

) K

erne

l (g

) %

K

erne

l e K

erne

l Fi

ll f Ea

se o

f R

emov

al

Extr

a Li

ght

Ligh

t Li

ght

Am

ber

Am

ber

a S

= se

edlin

g, G

= gr

afte

d d =S

hell

stre

ngth

: 3 -

poor

, 5 -

good

, 7 -

very

stro

ng

b =“D

AP”

den

otes

“D

ays

afte

r Pay

ne h

arve

st a

t Dav

is e =K

erne

l fill

: 3 -

poor

, 7- w

ell

c =She

ll se

al: 3

- po

or, 5

- go

od, 7

- ve

ry st

rong

f =E

ase

of R

emov

al: 3

- ea

sy, 7

- di

ffic

ult

76‐080

G

10/9

20

166

35

1.3

14.7

7.4

50.7

44

080

10

10

91‐077

‐40

G

10/5

16

172

57

1.5

16.5

8.4

50.9

65

10

70

20

0

91‐090

‐41

G

9/25

6

155

55

1.2

11.8

6.7

57.3

53

70

10

20

0

93‐028

‐20

G

9/23

4

154

55

1.3

15.5

8.9

57.4

64

90

10

00

95‐007

‐13

G

9/20

1

156

55

1.2

14.7

8.0

54.3

54

30

70

00

95‐018

‐23

G

9/22

3

150

44

1.2

11.8

6.3

53.1

44

60

40

00

95‐026

‐16

G

9/15

‐4

160

55

1.3

11.6

6.2

53.8

55

20

70

10

0

97‐003

‐319

G

9/19

0

55

1.3

11.9

6.2

51.9

53

40

50

10

0

98‐002

‐129

S

9/19

0

155

55

1.3

14.2

7.3

51.3

55

20

70

10

0

98‐003

‐54

S9/28

9

160

56

1.4

13.9

6.8

49.2

57

100

00

0

00‐006

‐48

G

10/4

15

157

55

1.3

14.8

7.8

52.4

45

80

20

00

00‐006

‐227

G

9/20

1

154

55

1.2

13.0

7.8

60.2

64

100

00

0

00‐011

‐107

S

9/23

4

157

55

1.3

12.8

6.6

51.6

44

100

00

0

01‐016

‐11

S9/28

9

167

45

1.1

13.8

7.5

54.6

55

20

70

10

0

02‐005

‐870

G

9/24

5

162

56

1.3

15.6

8.4

53.7

65

50

50

00

03‐001

‐665

S

10/2

13

165

55

1.1

12.7

7.6

60.0

54

29

71

00

03‐001

‐825

S

10/9

20

169

65

1.3

15.0

7.9

52.6

64

100

00

0

03‐001

‐958

S

9/23

4

157

56

1.4

14.3

7.4

51.9

55

10

80

10

0

03‐001

‐977

S

9/23

4

158

55

1.4

15.2

8.5

56.1

55

010

00

0

03‐001

‐985

S

9/21

2

167

66

1.3

14.8

8.1

54.6

66

090

10

0


Tabl

e 8.

Cul

tivar

and

Sel

ectio

n H

arve

st E

valu

atio

ns a

t Dav

is (F

all 2

012)

– (c

ont.)

H

arve

st

Shel

l A

vera

ge W

t.

Col

or %

a Seed

ling

or G

raft

D

ate

b D

AP

Seas

Lg

th

c Seal

d Strg

th

Thic

k m

m

Nut

(g

) K

erne

l (g

) %

K

erne

l e K

erne

l Fi

ll f Ea

se o

f R

emov

al

Extr

a Li

ght

Ligh

t Li

ght

Am

ber

Am

ber

a S

= se

edlin

g, G

= gr

afte

d d =S

hell

stre

ngth

: 3 -

poor

, 5 -

good

, 7 -

very

stro

ng

b =“D

AP”

den

otes

“D

ays

afte

r Pay

ne h

arve

st a

t Dav

is e =K

erne

l fill

: 3 -

poor

, 7- w

ell

c =She

ll se

al: 3

- po

or, 5

- go

od, 7

- ve

ry st

rong

f =E

ase

of R

emov

al: 3

- ea

sy, 7

- di

ffic

ult

03‐001

‐109

8S

10/2

13

162

55

1.3

14.2

0.8

5.6

55

90

10

00

03‐001

‐137

2S

9/29

10

15

55

61.5

15.3

7.9

51.4

64

60

40

00

03‐001

‐145

7S

9/21

2

156

55

1.2

11.6

6.7

58.3

53

100

00

0

03‐001

‐174

3S

9/20

1

152

54

1.1

11.7

6.3

53.5

33

100

00

0

03‐001

‐193

8S

9/27

8

162

56

1.5

12.7

6.7

52.9

64

40

60

00

03‐001

‐235

7S

10/8

19

170

55

1.21

12

.1

7.0

58.4

65

100

00

0

03‐001

‐243

4S

9/30

11

16

55

61.4

13.4

7.3

54.5

74

10

90

00

03‐001

‐255

6S

10/4

15

166

54

1.1

12.0

7.1

59.1

64

20

80

00

04‐003

‐143

S

10/3

14

171

55

1.2

16.4

8.5

51.9

44

89

11

00

04‐003

‐293

S

9/19

0

153

55

1.1

11.6

5.6

48.6

45

100

00

0

04‐004

‐58

S9/22

3

151

55

1.2

14.0

7.1

50.9

45

22

78

00

04‐006

‐28

S9/19

0

152

45

1.2

13.3

7.3

54.7

66

100

00

0

05‐001

‐48

S9/12

‐7

152

55

1.5

12.9

6.7

51.5

65

100

00

0

05‐001

‐94

S9/21

2

164

55

1.2

14.7

8.6

58.6

65

100

00

0

05‐001

‐97

S9/26

7

161

55

1.3

13.2

7.4

56.3

55

100

00

0

05‐001

‐110

S

9/19

0

155

55

1.2

10.9

5.9

54.6

64

90

10

00

05‐001

‐122

S

9/18

‐1

55

1.4

13.7

7.2

52.2

65

100

00

0

05‐001

‐129

S

9/16

‐3

160

55

1.3

13.0

7.3

56.5

54

30

50

10

0

05‐001

‐245

S

9/11

‐8

154

55

1.3

12.2

7.1

58.0

64

80

20

00

05‐001

‐295

S

9/18

‐1

150

55

1.2

10.6

6.5

61.0

54

90

10

00


Tabl

e 8.

Cul

tivar

and

Sel

ectio

n H

arve

st E

valu

atio

ns a

t Dav

is (F

all 2

012)

– (c

ont.)

H

arve

st

Shel

l A

vera

ge W

t.

Col

or %

a Seed

ling

or G

raft

D

ate

b D

AP

Seas

Lg

th

c Seal

d Strg

th

Thic

k m

m

Nut

(g

) K

erne

l (g

) %

K

erne

l e K

erne

l Fi

ll f Ea

se o

f R

emov

al

Extr

a Li

ght

Ligh

t Li

ght

Am

ber

Am

ber

a S

= se

edlin

g, G

= gr

afte

d d =S

hell

stre

ngth

: 3 -

poor

, 5 -

good

, 7 -

very

stro

ng

b =“D

AP”

den

otes

“D

ays

afte

r Pay

ne h

arve

st a

t Dav

is e =K

erne

l fill

: 3 -

poor

, 7- w

ell

c =She

ll se

al: 3

- po

or, 5

- go

od, 7

- ve

ry st

rong

f =E

ase

of R

emov

al: 3

- ea

sy, 7

- di

ffic

ult

05‐001

‐303

S

9/27

8

162

55

1.3

12.9

7.5

58.1

64

70

30

00

05‐001

‐384

S

9/16

‐3

159

55

1.1

11.3

7.0

62.0

65

89

011

0

05‐001

‐402

S

9/19

0

55

1.4

13.3

7.3

54.9

55

89

011

0

05‐001

‐434

S

9/12

‐7

161

55

1.4

14.2

7.7

54.0

64

100

00

0

05‐001

‐445

S

9/16

‐3

55

1.3

13.6

7.4

54.1

54

67

22

11

0

05‐002

‐233

S

9/25

6

160

55

1.4

13.5

7.3

54.3

64

40

50

10

0

05‐002

‐369

S

9/24

5

157

45

1.3

12.3

6.8

54.8

66

100

00

0

05‐002

‐393

S

9/26

7

156

55

1.3

13.4

7.2

53.7

54

50

50

00

05‐002

‐396

S

9/12

‐7

153

55

1.3

12.8

6.8

53.1

44

50

50

00

05‐005

‐295

S

9/15

‐4

146

55

1.3

14.9

8.5

57.3

54

44

56

00

06‐015

‐7

S9/20

1

146

56

1.3

12.4

6.9

55.5

55

50

50

00

07‐002

‐5

S9/28

9

148

55

1.2

13.9

8.1

58.3

54

100

00

0


Tabl

e 9.

Lea

fing,

mal

e an

d fe

mal

e bl

oom

, and

har

vest

dat

es a

t UC

Dav

is d

urin

g 20

12 (i

n ha

rves

t dat

e or

der)

.Le

afM

arch

Apr

ilM

ayH

arve

stC

ultiv

ar/S

elec

tion

Dat

e22

2426

2830

13

57

911

1315

1719

2123

2527

291

35

79

1113

Dat

e

00-0

05-1

494/

59/

7

Ivan

hoe

3/21

9/9

01-0

07-2

3/22

9/12

95-0

26-1

64/

19/

15

01-0

09-1

04/

109/

15

Idah

o3/

259/

16

Payn

e3/

279/

19

98-0

02-1

293/

289/

19

04-0

03-2

934/

109/

19

04-0

06-2

84/

89/

19

95-0

07-1

33/

289/

20

03-0

01-1

743

4/6

9/20

03-0

01-9

853/

279/

21

03-0

01-1

457

4/5

9/21

95-0

18-2

34/

179/

22

04-0

04-5

84/

189/

22

93-0

28-2

04/

19/

23

Mal

e B

loom

---

----

----

----

Fem

ale

Blo

om__

____

____

_


Tabl

e 9.

Lea

fing,

mal

e an

d fe

mal

e bl

oom

, and

har

vest

dat

es a

t UC

Dav

is d

urin

g 20

12 (i

n ha

rves

t dat

e or

der)

.Le

afM

arch

Apr

ilM

ayH

arve

stC

ultiv

ar/S

elec

tion

Dat

e22

2426

2830

13

57

911

1315

1719

2123

2527

291

35

79

1113

Dat

e

00-0

11-1

074/

169/

23

03-0

01-9

584/

19/

23

03-0

01-9

774/

149/

23

Chi

co3/

309/

24

91-0

90-4

14/

139/

25

95-0

11-1

64/

29/

25

05-0

02-2

333/

319/

25

05-0

18-2

4/9

9/25

Vin

a4/

59/

26

Serr

3/24

9/26

64-0

574/

59/

26

00-0

06-2

274/

139/

26

01-0

07-3

4/5

9/26

03-0

01-4

753/

319/

26

98-0

01-4

154/

89/

27

03-0

01-1

938

3/29

9/27

Mal

e B

loom

---

----

----

----

Fem

ale

Blo

om__

____

____

_


Tabl

e 9.

Lea

fing,

mal

e an

d fe

mal

e bl

oom

, and

har

vest

dat

es a

t UC

Dav

is d

urin

g 20

12 (i

n ha

rves

t dat

e or

der)

.Le

afM

arch

Apr

ilM

ayH

arve

stC

ultiv

ar/S

elec

tion

Dat

e22

2426

2830

13

57

911

1315

1719

2123

2527

291

35

79

1113

Dat

e

Lara

4/12

9/28

98-0

03-5

44/

189/

28

01-0

16-1

13/

319/

28

03-0

01-2

105

4/5

9/28

Gill

et3/

299/

29

03-0

01-1

372

4/15

9/29

03-0

01-5

074/

29/

30

03-0

01-2

434

3/26

9/30

Rob

ert L

iver

mor

e4/

1310

/1

97-0

03-1

14/

610

/2

03-0

01-6

654/

310

/2

03-0

01-1

098

4/10

10/2

04-0

03-1

434/

510

/3

Sext

on3/

3010

/4

97-0

03-2

34/

1010

/4

03-0

01-2

556

4/6

10/4

How

ard

4/16

10/5

Mal

e B

loom

---

----

----

----

Fem

ale

Blo

om__

____

____

_


Tabl

e 9.

Lea

fing,

mal

e an

d fe

mal

e bl

oom

, and

har

vest

dat

es a

t UC

Dav

is d

urin

g 20

12 (i

n ha

rves

t dat

e or

der)

.Le

afM

arch

Apr

ilM

ayH

arve

stC

ultiv

ar/S

elec

tion

Dat

e22

2426

2830

13

57

911

1315

1719

2123

2527

291

35

79

1113

Dat

e

91-0

77-4

04/

1110

/5

Ford

e4/

910

/5

03-0

01-3

395

4/8

10/7

Poe

4/18

10/8

03-0

01-2

357

4/3

10/8

Har

tley

4/15

10/9

03-0

01-8

254/

1310

/9

Tula

re4/

1210

/10

Cha

ndle

r4/

1710

/11

Cis

co4/

2210

/11

Fran

quet

te4/

2910

/15

Mal

e B

loom

---

----

----

----

Fem

ale

Blo

om__

____

____

_


Tabl

e- 1

0. 2

012

UC

D a

nd G

row

er T

rial V

arie

ty/S

elec

tion

Eva

luat

ions

by

Dia

mon

d.

Loca

tion

Varie

ty o

r Se

lect

ion

Sam

ple

Wt

Nut

s per

sa

mpl

eAv

g nu

t wt

(g)

%

La

rge

%

M

ed%

B

aby

%La

rge

Soun

d %

Stai

n%

B

roke

n%

Adh

H

ull

%Ex

tern

al

Dam

age

Dav

isP

ayne

992

8012

.410

00

094

00

00

KA

CP

ayne

1002

8411

.998

20

980

00

0D

avis

Har

tley

885

6513

.610

00

098

00

00

Chi

coH

artle

y10

0184

11.9

991

097

00

00

Whe

atla

ndH

artle

y10

0297

10.3

7622

278

01

01

Dav

isS

err

1003

7413

.610

00

099

00

00

KA

CS

err

1002

8312

.110

00

010

00

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D a

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Tabl

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UC

D a

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Tabl

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walnut improvement program 2012walnutresearch.ucdavis.edu/2012/2012_3.pdf · 2013-02-05 ·...

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