wam network: experiences and challenges under …...wam network: experiences and challenges under...
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WAM network:Experiences and Challenges Under
National and Regional Interconnections
iPC GRID 2015
San Francisco, California.
Erick Zbinden Araya
CDEC-SING
ChileanInterconnectedSystems
NORTHERN INTERCONNECTED SYSTEM (SING)
Average load growth 2005-2014 3.7%Expected annual load growth (2015) 5.5%Inst. Capacity / Max. Demand (2014) 4,802/ 2,363 MWRegulated / Non Reg. Customers 11% / 89%Hydro / Thermal / Wind / Solar (Gen) 0.3% /95.7% /1.9% /2.1%Length 600 kmPopulation 6.5%
CENTRAL INTERCONNECTED SYSTEM (SIC)
Average load growth 2005-2014 3.7%Expected annual load growth (2015) 3.5%Inst. Capacity / Max. Demand 15,549 / 7,546 MWRegulated / Non Reg. Customers 70% / 30%Hydro / Thermal / Wind / Solar (Gen) 41.6% / 52.4% / 4.8% / 1.2%Length 1800 kmPopulation 92%
Figures: January 2015
SING
SIC
NorthernInterconnectedSystem
345 kV6.7%
220 kV65.4%
110 kV21.3%
100 kV0.8%
69 kV0.3%
66 kV5.6%
Single Line Diagram220 kV and 345 kV Main Grid.
Chacaya
Mejillones
O’Higgins
Atacama
Domeyko
Zaldívar
Nva. Zaldívar
Sulfuros
Escondida
M. Elena
Laberinto
Andes
Angamos
Encuentro
El Cobre
Esperanza
Tesoro
M. Blancos
154 km
1 km
73 km
128 km
7 km
205 km
145 km
66 km
70 km
2 km
142 km81 km
13 km
90 km
153 km
1 km
133 km
75 km
123 km63 km
0,2 km
14 km
13 km1 km
14 km
Nueva Victoria
Lagunas
Collahuasi174 km
154 km
20 km
201 km
118 km
Tarapacá
Pozo Almonte70 km
Cóndores70 km
Parinacota
225 km
56 km
OGP1
16 km
Norgener
Tocopilla
Salar
Chuquicamata
Crucero
R. Tomic
El Abra
127 km
81 km
82 km
101 km
Spence
M. Hales
S. Gorda
Antucoya
Argentina
220 kV
345 kV
Voltage Levels
408 kmISO: CDEC-SING
Central InterconnectedSystem
220 kV and 500 kV Main Grid simplified
Alto Jahuel
PolpaicoNogales
P. AzúcarMaitencilloCarrera Pinto
D. Almagro Cardones Punta Colorada
Las Palmas
Los Vilos
Quillota
C. Navia
Chena
Melipilla
Rapel
Candelaria Colbún
Ancoa Charrúa
Itahue
Lagunillas
Temuco
Cautín Valdivia
Ciruelos
P. Montt
B. Blanco
Hualpén
220 kV
500 kV
Tensión
500 kV7.8%
220 kV33.5%
154 kV7.8%
110 kV20.2%
66 kV27.3%
44 kV2.4%
33 kV1.0%
ISO: CDEC-SIC
ChileanInterconnectedSystems
Chilean Generation development
Figures: January 2015
Installed Capacity [MW]
SING 4,802
SIC 15,549
TOTAL 20,351
Under construction [MW]
SING 1,933
SIC 2,626
TOTAL 4,559
SystemEnergy average price per year (USD/MWh)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
SING 158 139 109 90 82
SIC 148 200 194 153 135
Figures: January 2015
NCRE Installed capacity [MW]
Biomass Small Hydro Geothermal Solar Wind Power Total NCRE
SING 0 12 0 104 90 206
SIC 552 379 0 187 738 1,856
TOTAL 552 391 0 291 828 2,062
NCRE Under construction[MW]
Biomass Small Hydro Geothermal Solar Wind Power Total NCRE
SING 0 0 0 944 0 944
SIC 0 86 0 819 61 966
TOTAL 0 86 0 1,763 61 1,910
Chilean Generation development
ChileanInterconnectedSystems
WAM Pilot Project at SING 2012
• Project Strategy 2012 - SWOT.
Strengths:
Operational know-how
Own SCADA
Static and dynamic analysis at SING
Weaknesses:
No asset owner
Lack of norms
Uncertainty of dynamic models
Opportunities:
Black-Out in 2011
Energy Matrix diversifying
Threats:
Regional interconnection
High renewable integration
CDEC-SING
PDC
MPLS
PMUAngamos
PMUCrucero
PMULagunas
IEEE C37.118
SCADADNP3
WAM Pilot Project at SING 2013
IEEE C37.118IEEE C37.118
MPLS
PMUAngamos PMU
Lagunas
PMUDomeyko
PMUCollahuasi
Implementation in 4th Quarter 2015
PMUAndes
PMUArgentina
Implementation in 2nd Quarter 2015
PDCPMU
Crucero
IEEE C37.118
SCADADNP3
WAM System at SING 2015
Experience
MainGoals
Main dipCDEC-SINGWAM Pilot
Project
- It has been implemented without regulatory liability.
- System DFR. Quick post-mortem analysis.
- It opens an argument about allowing ISO to install PMU on asset owner’s facilities.
- An early evaluation of the WAM‘s Platform.
- Current measurement restrictions.
- Limited quantity of PMU measurement points.
- Communication link with high latency and low availability.
- Control are not feasible.
Experience
Communication links curtailment – Commercial MPLS Network.
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.200
0.250
0.300
1 2 3 4
Val
or
de
Lat
en
cia
N° de Semanas
Medida de Latencia a las 12.00hrs
S/E Angamos
S/E Lagunas
S/E Crucero
S/E Domeyko
Data Latency: Average in 12 hrs window.
Experience
Initial WAM interface for evaluation: January 2013
Experience
Final development for the Dispatch Control Center: December 2014
Experience
GEOCHART Frequency(t)
df/dt
Vf-f (t)
Angular Diff (t) Polar Graph
Final development for the Dispatch Control Center: December 2014
Experience
WAM System 2015: Main tools
Oscillation Detector
Islanding Detector
Lever detectors: f, <, V
Post-mortem analysis
Corridor Voltage Stability*
* Chile – Argentina 345 kV corridor.
Experience
Black Out SING June 2014.
System demand: 1,840 MW
Lost; 93%
Stand;7%
Experience
Quick post-mortem analysis: SCADA records
Keys:- Wrong data slows down to make decisions under pressure.- Poor information in the first minutes of the event, makes slow system
restoration under event uncertainties.- Signals locked, because problems with the DNP3 protocol under lost
and return of communication links.- For quick analysis, the COMTRADE record of different IED is required.
Experience
Análisis Post Mortem Black Out Junio 2014: Registro WAM con 3 puntos disponibles.
1F-T fault(a) by 200 ms.2F-T (a-b) by 460 ms.Clearing time: 660 ms.
Angamos Lagunas
1F-T (a) fault by 190 ms.2F-T (a-b) fault by 450 ms.Clearing time: 640 ms.
VaVbVc
VaVbVc
Experience
1F-T fault (a) by 200 ms.2F-T fault (a-b) by 720 ms.Clearing time: 920 ms.
CruceroNoticeable:- The fault happened at 11:44:59 am.- Local Control informed the exactly
point of fault at 12:14pm.- The fault event was invisible for SCADA
WAM System with resolution of 0.02 s:- Confirmation of the fault location.- Show 1F-T fault by 200ms and evolving
to 2F-T fault by 450 ms, without needing IED COMTRADE records .
- The local protection system did not receive backup from adjacent IED.
VaVbVc
Experience
df/dt = 0,566 Hz/sf
<°
2014
CNE
CDEC-SICCDEC-SING
Consultant
2015
Grid Code Version 2014 added the necessity of synchrophasor system.
Technical Annex of the Grid Code is under development, and CDEC-SING is contributing with his experience on WAM Pilot Project.
Future Request
• Infrastructure for digital communication links data transfer:
Control / Protection:
– Data Latency < 120 ms / 40 ms.
– Communication link availability > 99,95% / 99,995%
• Specific CDEC-SING request:
– Full resolution for 50Hz (50 samples per second).
– Data exchange IEC60870-6 TASE.2, IEC 60870-5-104 and IEEE C37.118 (PMU).
– Future Data exchange: IEC 61850-90-5.
Future Request
WAM 2015 – 2018
The Chilean SING:
- It will be the main node for interconnection between large systems.
- High potential for Solar Power Plant Development.
- Strategic, because 70% of the demand is mining industry.
WAM Network is not a privilege, is a necessity.
1500 MW
700 MW
¿? MWSING 2018
WAM 2015 – 2018
WAM Network is not a privilege, is a necessity.
SING 2018
The Chilean SING:
- It will be the main node for interconnection between large systems.
- High potential for Solar Power Plant Development.
- Strategic, because 70% of the demand is mining industry.
Conclusions
The WAM System is the Operator’s DFR, improving their capacity for quick analysis of fault events.
Model validation of interconnected systems behavior.
Performance evaluation for SIPS and RAS
Inter-area Oscillations between a small system SING against larger systems must be monitored for security.
Conclusions
Monitoring the transmission system availability for exporting Solar Energy.
The Chilean SING will be a relevant player in South American region as a Solar Energy exporter.
For us, the future of the Automated Operational Control begins with WAM systems.
Thank youfor your attention
iPC GRID 2015
San Francisco, California.
Erick Zbinden Araya
CDEC-SING