War in the PacificWar in the Pacific

Just a Review:Just a Review:

• Rape of Nanking, China Rape of Nanking, China 19371937

• Dec. 7, 1941-Pearl Dec. 7, 1941-Pearl HarborHarbor

• What problem did the What problem did the U.S. have fighting the U.S. have fighting the war in the Pacific-(look war in the Pacific-(look at the map)????at the map)????

-Had to fight on two -Had to fight on two fronts-Europe & Pacific fronts-Europe & Pacific so focus on Europe firstso focus on Europe first

-Harder to fight because -Harder to fight because it is a series of islandsit is a series of islands

Our Strategy & Did It Work:Our Strategy & Did It Work:

• Get back North Africa & go through Get back North Africa & go through weaker underbelly of Italy then weaker underbelly of Italy then liberate France & move through to liberate France & move through to GermanyGermany

• Were we successful?Were we successful?

End of the War Timeline:End of the War Timeline:

• FDR dies April 12, 1945-Truman takes overFDR dies April 12, 1945-Truman takes over• Mussolini killed April 28, 1945Mussolini killed April 28, 1945• Hitler commits suicide April 30, 1945Hitler commits suicide April 30, 1945• V-E Day May 8, 1945 (Victory in Europe)V-E Day May 8, 1945 (Victory in Europe)

US Strategy in PacificUS Strategy in Pacific

• Island Hopping-Island Hopping- go from island to go from island to island and focus on island and focus on smaller less smaller less fortified ones firstfortified ones first

Navajo Code TalkersNavajo Code Talkers

• The Navajo language has The Navajo language has no written alphabet so no written alphabet so difficult to break.difficult to break.

• Code designed from Code designed from original 29 men recruited original 29 men recruited and expanded throughout and expanded throughout the warthe war

• Was never broken by Was never broken by JapaneseJapanese

• Fought in every major Fought in every major battle in Pacificbattle in Pacific

• Returned home to Returned home to discriminationdiscrimination

• Received Congressional Received Congressional Medal in 2001Medal in 2001

Bataan Death March Bataan Death March 19421942

• Philippines (owned by Philippines (owned by U.S.)U.S.)

• General MacArthur vows General MacArthur vows “I Will Return”-sent to “I Will Return”-sent to another battle areaanother battle area

• Troops continue fighting Troops continue fighting & run low on supplies& run low on supplies

• 70,000 U.S. & Filipino 70,000 U.S. & Filipino troops surrendertroops surrender

• Put on death march-no Put on death march-no food, extremely hotfood, extremely hot

• 10,000 die on march10,000 die on march

Coral Sea 1942Coral Sea 1942

• U.S. breaks U.S. breaks Japanese codeJapanese code

• *Significance-first *Significance-first halt in Japanese halt in Japanese advancementadvancement

• Save AustraliaSave Australia

Midway 1942Midway 1942

• Break Japanese codeBreak Japanese code

• U.S. losing at firstU.S. losing at first

• 4 U.S. planes get lost4 U.S. planes get lost

• Japanese stop to refuelJapanese stop to refuel

• 4 U.S. planes find 4 U.S. planes find Midway & bomb as Midway & bomb as Japanese is refuelingJapanese is refueling

• U.S. winsU.S. wins

• *Last Japanese *Last Japanese offensiveoffensive

Guadalcanal 1942-43Guadalcanal 1942-43

• *1*1stst U.S. offensive U.S. offensive

• Successfully cut off Successfully cut off Japanese supply Japanese supply lineslines

• There was a There was a Japanese airfield Japanese airfield therethere

Peleliu (Palau)Peleliu (Palau)

• Most causalities in a Most causalities in a single battle in single battle in PacificPacific

(6,800)(6,800)• Wanted an airfieldWanted an airfield• Little strategic value Little strategic value

in the endin the end• Controversial battle Controversial battle

of WWIIof WWII• Sept 1944-Nov 1944Sept 1944-Nov 1944

Leyete Gulf 1944Leyete Gulf 1944

• PhilippinesPhilippines

• MacArthur returnsMacArthur returns

• First time get First time get kamikazeskamikazes--Japanese suicide Japanese suicide bombers means bombers means “divine wind”“divine wind”

KamikazesKamikazes

Iwo Jima 1945Iwo Jima 1945

• Mount Suribachi Mount Suribachi heavily fortified by heavily fortified by Japanese (inactive Japanese (inactive volcano)volcano)

• Famous raising of Famous raising of the flagthe flag

• 7,000 Americans KIA 7,000 Americans KIA • 12,000 Japanese KIA12,000 Japanese KIA• *closer to Japan*closer to Japan

Okinawa 1945Okinawa 1945

• Now only 350 miles Now only 350 miles from Japanfrom Japan

• 12,000 Americans 12,000 Americans KIAKIA

• 110,000 Japanese 110,000 Japanese KIAKIA

Manhattan ProjectManhattan Project

• New Mexico 1939-New Mexico 1939-secret development secret development of the atomic bombof the atomic bomb

• Robert Oppenheimer Robert Oppenheimer is the scientist with is the scientist with EinsteinEinstein

• Feared Germany Feared Germany was developing was developing because they had because they had uraniumuranium

Harry TrumanHarry Truman

• Gave Japan chance to surrender July 26Gave Japan chance to surrender July 26thth

• Why did he decide to drop the bomb?Why did he decide to drop the bomb?-To save millions of American lives-To save millions of American lives-Not for revenge of Pearl Harbor-Not for revenge of Pearl Harbor

HiroshimaHiroshima

• Why?Why?

-Industrial city and -Industrial city and port for army depotport for army depot

• August 6, 1945 August 6, 1945

-Bomb called “Little -Bomb called “Little Boy”Boy”

-Transported by -Transported by Enola GayEnola Gay

HiroshimaHiroshima

• 1 mile radius-gone1 mile radius-gone

• 3 mile radius-3 mile radius-heavy damageheavy damage

• 12 mile radius-12 mile radius-lighter damagelighter damage

DamageDamage

• 80,000 killed80,000 killed• Up to 140,000 after radiationUp to 140,000 after radiation• 35,000 wounded35,000 wounded• 2/3 city destroyed2/3 city destroyed

NagasakiNagasaki

• Drop warning Drop warning leaflets Aug. 8leaflets Aug. 8

• Why?Why?

-Largest seaport and -Largest seaport and industrial cityindustrial city

• Drop “Fat Man” Drop “Fat Man” August 9, 1945August 9, 1945

DamageDamage

• 40,000 dead40,000 dead

• Should we have Should we have dropped the atomic dropped the atomic bomb?bomb?

• Should we have Should we have dropped a second?dropped a second?

V-J DayV-J Day

• August 15, 1945 (surrender date)August 15, 1945 (surrender date)

• War ends Sept. 2, 1945 (V-J Day)War ends Sept. 2, 1945 (V-J Day)