Using the LEFT side of your Composition Notebook (or a separate sheet of paper)Imagine the last argument you had with a friend, family member, etc. (or the last break-up!)

In your journal (with complete sentences): Describe the argument (what was it about, how did it

end) Now reflect, did the argument happen over just one

single issue? OR was it after a series of other things that person did to get on your nerves?

WARM-UP

AMERICA: THE STORY OF US

1. When was the Fugitive Slave Act passed, and what were the consequences of this law?

2. In this episode, a commentator says that the Civil War played a role in advancing U.S. industrial progress. Can you give an example that proves this argument?

3. Define the word “inevitable” – what does this word mean? Do you think the Civil War was inevitable?

4. In your opinion, to what extent was slavery the primary cause of the Civil War? Why? (4-5 sentences)

North South

WHO HAS THE ADVANTAGE?

Union: 23 states 22 million people 80% of nation’s factories 90% of nation’s skilled

workers Extensive railroad power &

navy 70% of the nation’s wealth Few experienced military

leaders

Confederacy11 states + bordering

territories9 mill ion people (3.5 were

slaves)Agrarian societyLess than 30% of nation’s

railroadDependent on imports,

cannot tax citizens directlySuperior military leadership

MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820)

• Maine admitted as free state• Missouri admitted as a slave– Preserves sectional balance in the

senate b/w slave states and free states• Louisiana Territory divided in ½ @

the 36”30’– North of the line is free– South of the line is slave

WILMOT PROVISO (1846)• After war w/ Mexico & Treaty of

Guadalupe Hidalgo– California, Utah, New Mexico are

closed to slavery forever• Argument b/w free-soilers and

slave owners– Free-soilers do not own slaves, farm,

and are against the institution of slavery

COMPROMISE OF 1850• California admitted to the Union as

a free state• Utah and New Mexico territories

decide about slavery• Sale of slaves banned in D.C.• Fugitive Slave Act required people

in free states to help capture and return escaped slaves

• Establishes Popular Sovereignty

POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY• The right of residents of a territory

to vote for or against slavery when becoming a state.

• “People Power”

KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT (1854)

• Divides territory in ½– Nebraska to the North– Kansas to the South

• Repeals the Missouri Compromise• Tests the policy of popular

sovereignty– Violence erupts– People are murdered– Nicknamed “Bleeding Kansas”

CAUSES OF CIVIL WAR

Long-Term CausesConflict over Slavery in territoriesEconomic differences b/w North and South

Tariffs of 1816, 1828, 1832Conflict b/w states’ rights and Fed. Control

Tariffs, slavery

Immediate CauseElection of Lincoln

South feels that their political voice will no longer be heard

Secession of Southern StatesFiring on Ft. Sumter

Election of 1860

“In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you…. You have no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the government, while I shall have the most solemn one to preserve, protect, and defect.”

What is the leading issue heading into the Civil War for the nation?

If you were in the shoes of Abraham Lincoln, how would you address the major nation-splitting issue of slavery? What would you do to try to reconcile the nation?

LINCOLN’S FIRST INAUGURAL

His slave master brought him to live for a time in free territory and the free state of Illinois, but eventually returned to Missouri (slave state).

Dred Scott felt that because he had lived in a free territory, he should be free.

Decision: Supreme Court ruled that African Americans were not and could never be citizens. Dred Scott had no right to even file a lawsuit and remained enslaved.

Question: How does this case relate to the case of Marbury v. Madison?

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)