Warm Up• In what ways does the

constitution mention the region’s history?

• Which parts of the constitution include the 5 themes of civilization?

• Why do you think the authors of the constitution felt they should have this paragraph as the introduction to this document?

We the Sons of Mesopotamia, land of the prophets, resting place of the holy imams, the leaders of civilization and the creators of arithmetic; on our land, the first law was put in place , the most noble era of justice in the politics of nations was laid down, on our soil, the followers of the prophet and the saints prayed, the philosophers and the scientists theorized, and the writers and poets created .

Pyramids• Tombs for the

Pharaohs• Built out of

limestone, granite & stone

The Great Pyramid at Giza

The Sphinx

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Giza_pyramid_complex_(map).svg

Egyptian Culture• Strong belief in the

afterlife• Believed that the final

judgment occurred at death • Does your heart weigh more

than a feather?

Weighing of the Heart

Mummification• Reserved for royals &

elites• What is mummification?• A technique that

involved embalming & drying the corpse to prevent it from decaying

Mummification• Coffins were

filled with items that could be used in the afterlife such as clothing, food, cosmetics & jewelry

Book of the Dead• Book of hymns, prayers &

magic spells that were intended to guide the soul in the afterlife• Placed in the

coffin

Warm Up• Name and Locate the 4 Cradles of Civilization.

• Name the 5 characteristics of a civilization.

• Define: AD, BC, BCE, CE

Egypt vs. Mesopotamia

Mummified the dead

Egypt

Deserts tended to protect from invaders

Egypt

Hieroglyphic Writing

Egypt

Primary building material was clay

Mesopotamia

1st to develop the Wagon Wheel

Mesopotamia

Primary means of subsistence was farming

Both

Ziggurats

Mesopotamia

Had a social hierarchy

Both

Ruled by a pharaoh

Egypt

Cuneiform Writing

Mesopotamia

Built with stone

Egypt

Worship of Sun god, Ra

Egypt

Wrote on papyrus

Egypt

Pyramids as tombs

Egypt

Monarchy

Both

River(s) followed predictable cycle of flooding

Egypt

Walled cities

Mesopotamia

River bank(s) provided fertile soil

Both

Between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

Mesopotamia

Gods included Osiris and Isis

Egypt

Theocratic government

Both

Polytheistic

Both

Nile River

Egypt

Afterlife anticipated as good

Egypt

Code of Hammurabi

Mesopotamia

Slavery

Both

Scribes

Both

Early independent city-states

Mesopotamia

Book of the Dead

Egypt

Rosetta Stone

Egypt

Polytheistic

Both

Mostly in modern day Iraq

Mesopotamia