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Warm Up. Monday, March 18, 2013 Which process copies a strand of DNA (DNA to DNA)?. Virus Notes. Objectives. List the major components of a virus. 2) List the steps involved in virus replication. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Warm Up• Monday, March 18, 2013
• Which process copies a strand of DNA (DNA to DNA)?
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Virus Notes
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Objectives1)List the major components of a
virus. 2) List the steps involved in virus replication. 3) Describe a real world scenario in which viruses have had a negative impact on human lives.
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Viruses• NOT living organisms• Infects host cells• Inject their genetic material into host• Needs host in order to replicate
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Parasites= depend entirely
upon another living organism to survive, harming organism in process
• Viruses = parasites• Take advantage of
hosts respiration, nutrition, & all other functions
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Virus Genetics• Composed of DNA or
RNA core–Surrounded by protein
coat• Simplest: few genes • Most complex: >100
genes
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Capsid= Protein coat that surrounds DNA/RNA• Enable virus to enter
host cell–Bind to receptors on
surface of cell–“Trick” cell into letting it
in–Once inside, viral genes
expressed
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Cold Viruses
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Viruses Specific• Bind to specific proteins on host
cell’s surface• Why does it matter?
– Infect specific cells– Infect specific organisms
• Example:– HIV infects humans– Parvovirus infects dogs, wolves,
& foxes
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Bacteriophage= virus that infects a bacterial cell• Structure:
1) Head = contains DNA2) Neck3) Collar4) Sheath5) Tail Fiber6) Base Plate
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Lytic Infection
1. Virus enters cell2. Virus copies
itself3. Cell bursts
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Lytic Cycle• 5 Stages:
1) Attachment (a) - virus attaches itself to host cell
2) Injection (a & b) - virus inserts its genetic material into host cell
3) Integration (c) - genetic material tells the cell what to do
4) Replication (d) - host cell builds parts of virus
Assembly (d) - cell assembles replicated parts into progeny viruses 5) Lysis (e)- cell breaks open & ea. replicated virus can infect other cells
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Lysogenic Cycle
• Latent period extends cycle
• Viral DNA becomes part of host chromosome for a time
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Lysogenic Infection1. Virus enters (a-1)2. Integration: Virus integrates viral DNA
w/ host cell DNA (a-2)3. Viral DNA is replicated (when host cell
replicates DNA) (a-3)4. Host cell completes mitosis & makes
other cells infected w/ virus (a-4)***Difference: Host cell does NOT burst!!!
(b)***
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Prophage• Viral DNA that’s
embedded in the host’s chromosome (DNA)
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Retrovirus= contain RNA as the hereditary material in place of the more common DNA• Genetic information copied backward
– RNA to DNA (usually other way)• May remain dormant & wait for right
conditions to become active– Dormant = not active (like sleeping)
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Retrovirus• Example:
– virus that causes AIDS
– (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
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Viral Diseases• CanNOT be treated w/ antibiotices• Must PREVENT infection
– Vaccinations– Stopping spread
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Other Viral Diseases• Chicken Pox
– Symptoms: fever and weakness, red, itchy rash
– Spread By: contact w/ rash– Prevention: Vaccine
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Other Viral Diseases
• Measles– Symptoms: High fever, sore throat,
cough, rash, sneezing, swollen eyelids, whiter spots on cheek lining
– Spread By: Droplet inhalation– Prevention: Vaccine
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Other Viral Diseases
• West Nile– Symptoms: Fever, headache, body ache- – Spread By: Bite from an infected
mosquito– Prevention: Mosquito repellant, avoid
going outside at dawn & dusk, avoid standing water
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AVID Thinking Strategies
• WANTED Virus Poster (2 colors)• Include:
– The words “WANTED” at the top – Virus name – Drawing of virus or picture that depicts
aspect of virus life cycle (Ex: mosquito for west nile)
– Symptoms that are seen in infected host– How virus spread– Prevention/Treatment
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Warm Up• Tuesday, March 19, 2013
• Which process creates a strand of RNA (DNA to RNA)?
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Germ Warfare Reading & Summaries
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“How to win Germ Warfare”
1. Read the article2. Answer questions 1-7 (half
sheet) *Lab Grade*3. Write a 2-3 paragraph essay on
the lined paper provided. *State Requirement