Warm Up

• Analyze the map of Europe on p. 712 and read the segment on Italian music on p. 713.

• Answer the two questions on p. 712 and the one question on p. 713 dealing with Italian music.

Here we go folks…. get ready….

• The whole semester we have been learning about Germanic people groups and the various powers in control. NOW, thanks to NATIONALISM and the ideas of the Enlightenment, Germany is finally going to become a united country (Italy is as well). Who is excited?! Fantastic… at least one person snickered! I’ll take that.– It’s actually VERY important. You like learning

about WWI and WWII? Well…this, my friends, set the stage.

Nationalism and Unification

Germany Italy

Causes of Unification

State leading Unification

Leaders of Unification

Methods used to bring Unification

Who ruled unified nations

Aftermath of Unification

Individual work: READ and complete the chart using Ch. 24, Sec. 1 & 2 -After completion, work with a neighbor to check your answers. -Then the class will record the answers on the board. (THIS CHART= GOLD)

YOUR THOUGHTS…..

• Nationalism spreads throughout Europe… it doesn’t stop.

• Why?

• What is so great about Nationalism?

Nationalism in Eastern Europe and

Russia

The Austrian Empire

• ruled by Hapsburg family, multi-national empire– opposed to liberalism– no freedom of press – kept close watch on universities– revolutions of 1820, 1830, 1848 led to growing calls

for independence, nationalism

• Hungarian Magyars had most influence• Compromise of 1867

– gave Hungary own constitution, parliament, capital– still part of empire – created dual monarchy: Austria-Hungary

• problems b/c lots of other nation groups wanted recognition or independence

Ethnic Groups in Austria-Hungary

Two Examples of NationalismUse Ch. 24, Sec. 3 to

complete this chart. Austria-Hungary The Ottoman Empire

Government-

Economy- (Use the map in text)

Ethnic Groups-

Response to Nationalism-

Check:

• 1. What was the Compromise of 1867?• 2. What was a long-term problem within the new

Austria-Hungary dealing with minority groups?• 3. Before the Compromise of 1867, why was the

Austrian government watching universities?• 4. Who was the Prussian leader who helped lead to a

united Germany?• 5. What was this man’s motto or theory on how to unite

Germany?• 6. What two wars did this man fight in order to unite

Germany?

Ottoman Empire• large multi-national empire in SE Europe, SW Asia

(Middle East), declining since 1600s• European states worried about collapse of Ottoman

Empire and rise of Russia > Constantinople• Crimean War

– dispute over access to Jerusalem/Holy Land – France, GB helped Ottoman Empire v. Russia, fought for

2 years, “Most Unnecessary War in History”– ended in stalemate, 500,000 deaths, – Florence Nightingale, famous nurse

• Balkan Wars- European countries fighting for dominance – Ended w/ independence of Serbia, – Ended w/ Bosnia-Herzegovina annexed by Austria

Crimean War

Russia• controlled most land

(Europe into Asia), many ethnic groups

• czars had absolute power, opposed Enlightenment

• not much industrialization, mostly agricultural – serfs

• ideas of reform spread in Russia – Decembrists tried to gain reforms, but captured/sent to Siberia by Nicholas I

Chart on the Russian Czars:

Nicholas I Alexander II Alexander III

Write the repression or reforms that took place under each of these three czars of Russia, using Chapter 24, Section 4 of the text.

Russian Reaction

• Czar Alexander II- big reformer – 1861 freed serfs, gave them land in

communes (wanted Market System)– new judicial system, some self-gov’t – reorganized army and navy

• radical groups wanted more, assassinated Alexander II in 1881

• Czar Alexander III-– strong personality, reversed father’s reforms– cracked down on revolutionary groups – Pograms

Alexander II

Nicholas II• Czar Nicholas II began industrialization (Trans-Siberian RR)• 1904- conflict w/ Japan, lost Russo-Japanese War• January 22, 1905- peaceful group of peasants/worker led by

priest walked to czar’s palace w/ demands for reform• Bloody Sunday- Russian troops panicked and fired into

crowd killing hundreds– shocked people of Russia, mass strikes, rebellion v. czar– Peasants rebelled against landlords, students protested in streets

• Nicholas II issued October Manifesto: – promised constitution, – individual liberties, – Duma – elected legislative body

• placated people for awhile, but Nicholas II wanted absolute power, soon took back reforms and closed Duma

Nicholas II

Bloody Sunday

Additional Practice• Create 16 note cards on “terms and

people” p. 723 and 728.– Make sure you understand the material

on nationalism in the Ottoman Empire and Russia

• Complete the DBQuestions on p. 734-735,

#1-4 (not the essay).