warm-up april 25, 2013 write down the date and objective. objective: swbat classify and calculate...
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Warm-UpApril 25, 2013
• Write down the date and objective. • Objective: SWBAT classify and calculate the
concentration of substances by completing an Acids and Bases Lab.
• Complete the following warm-up:1. What is an Arrhenius acid?2. What is an Arrhenius base?3. What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid? 4. What is a Bronsted-Lowry base?
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Objective & Agenda
• Objective: SWBAT classify and calculate the concentration of substances by completing an Acids and Bases Lab.
Agenda1.Current Event2.pH3.Acid and Base Lab4.Practice Problems5.Homework6.Exit Slip
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Current Event
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The The pH scalepH scale is a is a way of expressing way of expressing the strength of acids the strength of acids and bases. and bases.
pH= potential of pH= potential of hydrogenhydrogen
Under 7 =Under 7 = acid acid 7 = 7 = neutralneutral
Over 7 = Over 7 = basebase
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pH of Common pH of Common SubstancesSubstances
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Calculating the pH
pH = - log [H+](Remember that the [ ] mean Molarity)
Example: If [H+] = 1 X 10-10
pH = - log (1 X 10-10)
pH = - (- 10)
pH = 10
Example: If [H+] = 1.8 X 10-5
pH = - log 1.8 X 10-5
pH = - (- 4.74)
pH = 4.74
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Try These!Try These!Find the pH of these:Find the pH of these:
1) A 0.15 M solution 1) A 0.15 M solution of hydrochloric acidof hydrochloric acid
2) A 3.00 X 102) A 3.00 X 10-7-7 M M solution of nitric solution of nitric acidacid
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pH calculations – Solving for pH calculations – Solving for H+H+pH calculations – Solving for pH calculations – Solving for H+H+
If the pH of Coke is 3.12, [HIf the pH of Coke is 3.12, [H++] = ???] = ???
Because pH = - log [HBecause pH = - log [H++] then] then
- pH = log [H- pH = log [H++]]
Take antilog (10Take antilog (10xx) of both) of both sides and get sides and get
1010-pH -pH == [H[H++]][H[H++] = 10] = 10-3.12-3.12 = 7.6 x 10 = 7.6 x 10-4-4 M M *** to find antilog on your calculator, look for “Shift” or “2*** to find antilog on your calculator, look for “Shift” or “2nd nd function” function”
and then the log buttonand then the log button
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pH calculations – Solving for H+pH calculations – Solving for H+• A solution has a pH of 8.5. What is the A solution has a pH of 8.5. What is the
Molarity of hydrogen ions in the solution?Molarity of hydrogen ions in the solution?
1010-8.5-8.5 = [H = [H++]]
3.16 X 103.16 X 10-9-9 = [H = [H++]]
1010-8.5-8.5 = [H = [H++]]
3.16 X 103.16 X 10-9-9 = [H = [H++]]
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pOH• Since acids and bases are Since acids and bases are
opposites, pH and pOH are opposites, pH and pOH are opposites!opposites!
• pOH looks at the perspective of a pOH looks at the perspective of a basebase
pOH = - log [OHpOH = - log [OH--]]Since pH and pOH are on opposite Since pH and pOH are on opposite
ends,ends,pH + pOH = 14pH + pOH = 14
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pHpH [H+][H+] [OH-][OH-] pOHpOH
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[H[H33OO++], [OH], [OH--] and pH] and pH
What is the pH of the What is the pH of the 0.0010 M NaOH solution? 0.0010 M NaOH solution?
[OH-] = 0.0010 (or 1.0 X 10[OH-] = 0.0010 (or 1.0 X 10-3-3 M) M)
pOH = - log 0.0010pOH = - log 0.0010
pOH = 3pOH = 3
pH = 14 – 3 = 11pH = 14 – 3 = 11
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Important Formulas
pH = -log[H+]
pOH = -log[OH-]
pH + pOH = 14
[H+] = 10-pH
[OH-] = 10-pOH
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Problem 1: A chemist dilutes concentrated hydrochloric acid to make two solutions: (a) 0.9 M and (b) 0.0024 M. Calculate the [H3O+], pH, [OH-], and pOH of the two solutions at 25°C.
Problem 2: What is the [H3O+], [OH-], and pOH of a solution with pH = 3.67? Is this an acid, base, or neutral?
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Neutralization Reaction
NaCl + H2ONaCl + H2O
Ba(NOBa(NO33))22 + 2 H + 2 H22OO
LiLi22SOSO44 + 2 H + 2 H22OO
Ca(ClOCa(ClO44))22 + 2 + 2 HH22OO
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pH testing (review)
• There are several ways to test pHThere are several ways to test pH– Blue litmus paper (red = acid)Blue litmus paper (red = acid)– Red litmus paper (blue = basic)Red litmus paper (blue = basic)– pH paper (multi-colored)pH paper (multi-colored)– pH meter (7 is neutral, <7 acid, >7 pH meter (7 is neutral, <7 acid, >7
base)base)– Indicators like phenolphthaleinIndicators like phenolphthalein– Natural indicators like red cabbage, Natural indicators like red cabbage,
radishesradishes
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pH indicators• Indicators are dyes that can be added that
will change color in the presence of an acid or base.
• Some indicators only work in a specific range of pH
• Once the drops are added, the sample is ruined
• Some dyes are natural, like radish skin or red cabbage
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Acids and Bases Lab
• Follow all directions carefully!!• Ask if you are unsure of how to do
something. • Let me know if you run out of materials.
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Homework 24
• Acid/Base Practice Problems due Friday
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1. The pH of rainwater collected in a certain region of the northeastern United States on a particular day was 4.82. What is the H+ ion concentration of the rainwater?
2. The OH- ion concentration of a blood sample is 2.5 x 10-7 M. What is the pH of the blood?