warm-up: describe the texture and composition of each igneous rock. a b
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Warm-Up:Describe the texture and composition of each igneous rock.
A B
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Definition of A RockA naturally occurring, solid, mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter
Classified into 3 groups based on how they are formed: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
Texture and composition give clues as to how rocks are formed, and are used to classify and identify rocks
Rocks are always changing form in a cycle called the Rock Cycle
Rocks Rock!Rocks Rock!
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Igneous RocksExtrusive rocks- formed by cooling lava
Texture Can Be:• glassy • porous • fine-grained
Intrusive rocks- formed by cooling magma
Texture Is Always: • coarse-grained
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Formation of Extrusive Igneous Rock
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Igneous Features and Landforms
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Extrusive Igneous Rock
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Formation of Intrusive Igneous Rock
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Intrusive Igneous Rock
Yosemite N.P.
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Examples of Textures: Pumice
Porous Texture
Basalt
Obsidian
Course Grained Texture
Granite
Porous Texture
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Sedimentary Rocks Formed by:
Weathering (breaking down of rock)
Erosion (movement of sediments)
Deposition (collection of sediments)
Compaction & Cementation (sediments bonding together)
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Two Types of Weathering1. Mechanical Weathering
Root Action
Frost Action
Moss
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Types of Weathering2. Chemical Weathering:
Oxidation (rust) – Oxygen in air reacts with metals in rocks
Acidic rain water
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Physical Weathering
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Five Agents of Erosion
Gravity (Mass wasting)WindRunning waterGlaciersWaves
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Gravity (Mass Wasting)
Slumping
Soil creep
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Mass Movements: Five Main Types
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Wind
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Running Water
Yellowstone Canyon & River
Niagara Falls
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Glaciers
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Glacial Processes I
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Waves
Australia
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Examples of Deposition
Lateral moraine
Cape Cod (spit)
Nile River Delta
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Compaction & Cementation
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Sedimentary Rocks (categorized by composition)
Clastic Rocks (rock fragments) • Conglomerates (pebbles) • Sandstones (sand) • Shales (mud & clay)
Organic Rocks (once living) • Ex: limestone(coral and shells), coal (plants)
Chemical Rocks (evaporation)• Ex: rock salt, limestone, geodes, gypsum
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Clastic Sedimentary Rock…Conglomerate
Shale
Sandstone
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Organic Sedimentary Rocks…
Coal (plant mateiral) Limestone (shell & coral)
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Chemical Sedimentary Rocks…
Limestone
Gypsum rock
Geode
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Sedimentary rocks according to texture:
Coarse-grained
Conglomerate
Shale
Sandstone
Fine-grained Medium-grained
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Formation of Metamorphic Rock
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Types of Metamorphic Rock
1. Foliated - bands or layers Ex: schist, slate, gneiss
Gneiss
Slate
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2. Unfoliated - no bands or layersEx: marble and quartzite
Types of Metamorphic Rock
Quartzite
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Foliated texture
Unfoliated Texture