Warm Up- give your best answer on a blank sheet.

China and Japan both passed laws in the 1600s isolating their citizens from the west? What might have been some of the reasons behind that?

Asian ResistanceCHINA & JAPAN

Decline in China Qing Dynasty in power since 1600s. Very powerful until 1800s, then

drastically declined Reasons:

› External pressures from the outside› Resistance to modernization› Corruption/official incompetence› Peasant uprisings

Food shortages

Britain’s Imperialistic Attempts in China

Europeans restricted to one port (Canton); restrictions on when as well

Wanted to be free from restrictions Unfavorable trade balance

› Britain imported more goods FROM China than they exported TO China

› Tried to balance silk and tea with cotton, but

› Forced to pay with silver – which was unprofitable

The Opium War Britain sought a new product to trade in

China to even the balance: opium Grown in India; powerful sedative/pain

killer Opium addiction becomes a serious social

issue by 1800s China declares opium illegal and blockades

British ships to search and seize opium British respond hostilely; Opium War,

1839-1842 – China defeated Treaty of Nanjing

› Five ports opened to British› Limit import taxes on British goods› China had to pay for costs of war› British given Hong Kong (Sphere)› Extraterritoriality- British not subjected to Chinese

law.

Warm up Many historians feel that the Opium

War was the end of China…why do you think this is so?

The Tai Ping Rebellion Peasant revolt, 1850-1864, in response to Chinese

government failures Hong Xiaquan

› Mission from God to destroy the Qing Dynasty› The Heavenly Kingdom of the Great Peace, or Tai ping tianguo

(organization) Called for social reform

› Land to all peasants› Equalizing status of men and women› Communal living› Banned foot binding, alcohol, tobacco› Foreshadow to Mao Zedong’s Communist movement

European intervention ended 20 year civil war› Treaty of Tianjin further opened China to British dominance

Qing Attempts to Modernize “Self-Strengthening”

› Western ideas would be adopted but traditional Confucian values would be kept (anti-materialism, acceptance of social order)

› Modern military Infrastructure rapidly built Reforms of Guang Xu -

“The One Hundred Days”› Bureaucracy (Gov’t)› European style education› Banks› Free press- no censorship

Imperialism Continues More ports opening to British, large European

sections in major cities Russia seizes northern border lands Imperialistic nations began negotiating with

local nobles and warlords directly, completely undermining government

War with Japan – loses Korea and Taiwan, 1894 (picture of Triumphal Arch)

Germany demanded territory in Shandong after two missionaries were shot.

The “Open Door” Britain and US nervous about growing

European spheres of influence John Hay (US Sec. of State) negotiates

in 1899 to ensure equal trade access› Showed some concern for survival of China› Increased American economic interests

there Reduced imperialistic hysteria over

controlling China (Less of a Scramble)

Warm Up How did Europeans contribute to the

crisis in China?

Newsletter Map Instructions For the Map portions, the

first map is on page 687 Titled Spheres of Influence in Asia.

Tell me who controlled the following territories› Taiwan› Tibet› Hong Kong› Kowloon Peninsula

Then Answer the geography skills questions on the map in that section

For Map # 2 (Japan Section) use the map on page 702 called “Japanese Expansion” to answer the geography skills questions only!

The Boxer Rebellion The Society of Harmonious Fists, or “Boxers”

› Upset by foreign intervention› Opposed to Christianity

1900 – Roamed China, attacking foreigners; seized Beijing

Coalition of British, French, German, Russian, American and Japanese troops attacked the Boxers, restored Chinese government.

China in debt to nations that helped

Last Attempts at Stability Empress Ci Xi

› Reformed education, administration, and legal system

› 1909 – legislative assemblies on local level (people governed themselves locally)

› National Assembly in 1910 – couldn’t pass law (just advise)

› Emerging middle class › Peasants and poor – getting

worse

Sun Yat-Sen The Revival of China’s Society

› Follow pattern of West; but China not ready for democracy

› Reform process Military take over Transitional phase with Sun Yat-Sen in power, Not Empress Ci Xi. Constitutional democracy

Creates Revolutionary Alliance› Three Principles (nationalism, democracy,

and right to pursue their own livelihoods)

The Revolution of 1911 Uprising in Beijing –

government to weak to react Pu Yi, the last Chinese

emperor, allowed to remain in Forbidden City

China declared a republic Very weak presidency held in

power by military Rebellions persisted despite

fall of Qing Dynasty

Economic and Cultural Transitions

Increased capitalist activity› Commodities marker› New crops – increased food› Export market not based on luxuries

Local industry destroyed› Foreign investment

Modern transportation and communication Western books, art, music, etc.

Challenging traditional Confucianism.

Warm-up How did the Chinese closed door policy

end up affecting China as a powerful player in the world? Negatively or positively? Explain?

JAPAN: GSI Review Large Chinese cultural influence Feudal Society – Warlords (Daimyo),

Knights (Samurai), peasants Very weak emperor – figure heard Power was in the Shogunate – powerful

daimyo who ruled in place of Emperor Limited trade access with Europeans

› Bad experiences with Portuguese Japanese forbidden to leave islands

End of the Isolation in Japan Tokugawa Shogunate had

driven out foreign traders and regulated trade for 200 years

Mathew Perry› Delivered letter from Millard

Fillmore asking for friendly relations & trade

› Returned for answer Treaty of Kanagawa

› Return of shipwrecked Americans› Opening of two ports› Establishment of U.S. Consulate

What do the Japanese See?Japanese Representation of a Steamship

Commodore Perry’s First Visit

Realism Styled painting showing influence western cultures had on Japanese

Audience With Emperor of Japan- Does Not Bow

Civil War

Relations with the West was highly unpopular.

The Sat-Cho Alliance› Satsuma and Chosu, samurai warriors› 1868 Shogunate overthrown, office of the

Emperor reinstated Rise of Mutsuhito

› Reign of “The Meiji”, or “Enlightened”› Recognized Japan’s need to change in order to

survive.

The Mejii Restoration and The Samurai

Abolished feudalism Centralization of power Sent samurai officials

abroad to study government and economic systems of Western nations› Take the best ideas back to

Japan Abolishment of samurai

› Revolt in 1877, put down Samurai funnel in to

government and business

Westernization of Japan Political

› Constitution, 1889 Office of emperor remained, but Power in hands of

nobles and capitalists› Expanded bureaucracy – advisors very powerful

Economic BOOM› Zaibatsu – large multi-company corporations

State regulated economy› Used foreign advisor, did not let invest› Government funded banks› State owned railroads› State – run steamer ferries – connected islands› Prohibited mechanization of silk industry – kept

prices high

Militarization & Nationalism Massive reforms and re-outfitting of army

and navy, increased industrial output Imperialism – Europe is doing it, so why

not Japan?› Sino-Japanese War

Northern China occupied Est Machukuo Puppet Gov’t

› Russo-Japanese War› Southeast Asia› Pacific Islands

High nationalistic pride - “New Asian Order” –Japanese Rise Above Chinese in the East for the 1st time in Asian History.

Westernized Japan gains Superior Technology

Imperial Japan, 1879-1945