warm-up (ib):
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Warm-up (IB):. Do the following metric conversions showing dimensional analysis 62.262 km to m 44.721 mm to km 2.15 cm to mm. Scientific Notation. Write out 600 sextillion out on your paper (hint: that is a 600 with 21 zeros behind it. 600,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Warm-up (IB):Do the following metric
conversions showing dimensional analysis
62.262 km to m
44.721 mm to km
2.15 cm to mm
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Scientific NotationWrite out 600 sextillion out on
your paper (hint: that is a 600 with 21 zeros behind it.
600,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Would you want to write that number out 20 times on your paper when doing calculations? This number is a common number in chemistry.
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Scientific NotationThere are 2 reasons why we have
scientific notation◦1. It is easier to write very large and vary
small numbers.◦2. It allows us to convey numbers easily
with the correct number of sig figs.Format: Numbers are written as a
product of a number between 1 and 10, times the number 10 raised to a power.◦Ex. 6.02x1023 or 6.02x10^23
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Scientific notationA negative exponent for a
number means that number is less than 1.
A positive exponent for a number means that number is greater than 1.
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Scientific NotationConverting decimal to Scientific notation
◦ RNLP- “Registered Nurses Love Patients”, Right for negative and left for positive
◦ 1090000 1.09x10^6
◦ 0.000462 4.62x10^-4
Converting Scientific notation to decimal◦ Use opposite rules for RNLP◦ 5.92x10^3
5920
◦ 8.2x10^-5 0.000082
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PracticeConvert to Scientific notation
◦ 23600a.) 2.36x10^-2 b.) 2.36x10^-4 c.) 2.36x10^2 d.) 2.36x10^4◦ 0.01054a.) 1.054x10^-2 b.) 1.054x10^-4 c.) 1.054x10^2 d.) 1.054x10^4
Convert to decimal notation◦ 8.15x10^4a.) 0.000815 b.) 81500◦ 6.046x10^-2a.) 0.06046 b.) 604.6
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Extra Practice
Convert the following to Scientific Notation
4230100 0.00000032 400
Convert the following to Decimal Notation
6.02x10^4 5.21x10^-3 8x10^-6
4.2301x10^6 3.2x10^-7 4x10^2
6020 0.00521 0.000008
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Warm-up:Solve the following problems.
◦ 3 x 4 4 3
◦6 x 1 x 88 6 2
◦cm x in x ft = cm in
◦g x mol x atoms = g mol
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Dimensional AnalysisAlso called unit conversionPurpose: convert units of one
thing to the next◦Ex. Convert feet to inches,
kilometers to meters, etc.How it works
◦Dimensional analysis is finding a conversion factor which equals one and using that to switch units
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ExamplesConvert 2 feet to inches.
◦First need to know how many inches in a foot.
◦1 foot = 12 inches◦2 ft x 12in =
1ftConvert 45 cm to meters
◦First need to know how many cm in a meter◦1 meter = 100 cm◦45cm x 1m =
100cm
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1000 m = 1 km100 cm = 1 m length
problems1000 mm = 1 m
1000 L = 1 kL100 cL = 1 L volume problems1000 mL = 1 L
1000 g = 1 kg100 cg = 1 g mass problems1000 mg = 1 g
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ExamplesConvert your age in years to seconds.
◦ First need to know the path you’re going to take.◦ We know how many days are in a year (365d =
1yr)◦ We know how many hours are in a day (24hr = 1
day)◦ We know how many minutes are in an hour
(60min = 1 hr)◦ We know how many seconds are in a min (60s =
1min)◦ Now put it together starting with what you know.
◦ 16 yrs x x x x =1yr365d 24hr 60min 60s
1min1hr1dIDC
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Dimensional Analysis Examples15.2 days into hours
◦24.0 hours = 1 day ◦A) 1 day B) 24 hrs
24 hrs 1 day
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Dimensional Analysis Examples30.0 centimeters into inches
◦1 inch = 2.54 centimeters ◦A) 1 in. B) 2.54 cm
2.54 cm 1 in.16 meters/second into miles/hour
◦1 meter/second = 3.60 km/h ◦1 km/h = 0.621 mi/h ◦A) 1 m/s B) 3.6 km/h
3.6 km/h 1 m/s◦A) 1 km/h B) 0.621 mi/h
0.621 mi/h 1 km/h
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Dimensional Analysis Examples2.1 light years into feet
◦1 light-year = 9.46 x 1015 meters ◦1 foot = 0.31 meters ◦A) 1 lyr B) 9.46x10^15 m
9.46x10^15 m 1 lyr◦A) 1 ft B) 0.31 m
0.31 m 1 ft
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Dimensional Analysis Examples14.6 kilometers into inches
◦1 km = 0.621 miles ◦1 mile = 5280 feet ◦1 foot = 12 inches ◦A) 1 km B) 0.621 miles
0.621 miles 1 km◦A) 1 mile B) 5280 ft
5280 ft 1 mile◦A) 1 ft B) 12 in.
12 in. 1 ft
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Warm-up:Without a calculator solve the
following problems◦1312 x 1 x 1000
100 1◦546 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 100 x 100
100 10 1000 1 1
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2 types of measurement systemsEnglish system
◦System is based off of the kings◦The system used to change for every new
king◦Now the system is stable but is confusing to
convertMetric system
◦Developed to reduce the problems of conversion
◦System is used by the majority of the world◦The whole system is based off of powers of
10
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Metric SystemThe metric system is based on a base
unit that corresponds to a certain kind of measurement
Length = meter (m) Volume = Liter (L) Weight (Mass) = gram (g)
Prefixes plus base units make up the metric system ◦ Example:
Centi + meter = Centimeter Kilo + liter = Kiloliter
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Metric SystemThe three prefixes that we will use the
most are:◦kilo◦centi◦Milli
What you need to know is what those prefixes mean. ◦Kilo (k) = 1000◦Centi (c) = 1/100◦Milli (m) = 1/1000
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Metric Prefixes
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1000mg
1g
1000mL 1L
1000mm
1m
1000g 1kg
1000L 1kL
1000m 1km
100cg 1g
100cL 1L
100cm 1m
Conversion cards FRONT, use reciprocal for back
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Metric conversionsLets start by doing a simple conversion.Convert 2 kilometers into metersWe start with what we know
◦2 km x ◦We now need to find a relationship between
km to m.◦We know that kilo = 1000. So a km = 1000m◦We can use that as a conversion factor to
solve◦2 km x 1000m =
1km
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Metric conversionsLets do a 2 step conversion.Convert 1534 millimeters into kilometers We start with what we know
◦ 1534 mm x x ◦ We now need to find a relationship between mm to
km.◦ We know that milli = 1/1000. So a mm =1/1000m or
1000mm = 1m◦ We can then convert that meter into km by kilo =
1000. So a km = 1000m◦ We can then use the information as conversion
factors◦ 1534 mm x 1m x 1km =
1000mm 1000m
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40ml=____ L
5000 L=____ kL
8 g=____ kg
12000 L=____ kL
50 mg=____ g
40mL x 1 L = 0.04 L 1000mL
5000 L x 1 kL = 5 kL 1000 L
8 g x 1 kg = 0.008 kg 1000 g
12000 L x 1 kL = 12 kL 1000 L
50mg x 1 g = 0.05 L 1000mg
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4000 L=___ kL 400 cm=___ m
20 ml=___ kL
7000 ml=___ L 7 cm=___ mm
400 cm x 1 m = 4 m 100cm
4000 L x 1 kL = 4 kL 1000 L
20 ml x 1 L x 1 kL = 0.00008 kL 1000 mL 1000 L
7000 L x 1 L = 7 L 1000 mL
7cm x 1 m x 1000mm = 70 mm 100cm 1m